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Dankert F, Siewert JE, Gupta P, Weigend F, Hering-Junghans C. Metal-Free N-H Bond Activation by Phospha-Wittig Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207064. [PMID: 35594171 PMCID: PMC9400956 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
N‐containing molecules are mostly derived from ammonia (NH3). Ammonia activation has been demonstrated for single transition metal centers as well as for low‐valent main group species. Phosphinidenes, mono‐valent phosphorus species, can be stabilized by phosphines, giving so‐called phosphanylidenephosphoranes of the type RP(PR′3). We demonstrate the facile, metal‐free NH3 activation using ArP(PMe3), affording for the first time isolable secondary aminophosphines ArP(H)NH2. DFT studies reveal that two molecules of NH3 act in concert to facilitate an NH3 for PMe3 exchange. Furthermore, H2NR and HNR2 activation is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dankert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan-Erik Siewert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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A Theoretical Survey of the UV–Visible Spectra of Axially and Peripherally Substituted Boron Subphthalocyanines. COMPUTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computation10020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The UV–visible spectra of a series of subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) characterized by three different axial substituents (An) in combination with H, F, NO2, SO2H and SO2CH3 peripheral substituents (Ri) were predicted and analyzed by means of time-dependent DFT calculations, including chloroform as a solvent. In this analysis, we paid particular attention to the Q band, which remained almost unchanged regardless of the nature of the axial substituent. For the same axial substituent, changes in the Q band were also rather small when hydrogens at the periphery were replaced by R1 = SO2H and R1 = R2 = SO2H. However, the shifting of the Q band was almost 10 times larger when R1 = NO2 and R1 = R2 = NO2 due to the participation of this substituent in the π SubPc cloud. In most cases, the characteristics of the spectra can be explained considering only the transitions involving the HOMO-1, HOMO, LUMO and LUMO + 1 orbitals, where the Q band can be decomposed into two main contributions, leading to charge separation. Only for SubPc(A3,F,F,H) would one of the two contributions from the deepest orbital involved not lead to charge transfer. For this latter case, the HOMO-2 orbital must also be taken into account. In summary, the results obtained with the analysis of the MO indicate that the studied SubPcs are appropriate for photochemical devices.
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Lavarda G, Labella J, Martínez-Díaz MV, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Osuka A, Torres T. Recent advances in subphthalocyanines and related subporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9482-9619. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Subporphyrinoids constitute a class of extremely versatile and attractive compounds. Herein, a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in the fundamentals and applications of these cone-shaped aromatic macrocycles is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lavarda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Labella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Feld J, Wilson DWN, Goicoechea JM. Contrasting E-H Bond Activation Pathways of a Phosphanyl-Phosphagallene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22057-22061. [PMID: 34383991 PMCID: PMC8518045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the phosphanyl‐phosphagallene, [H2C{N(Dipp)}]2PP=Ga(Nacnac) (Nacnac=HC[C(Me)N(Dipp)]2; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) towards a series of reagents possessing E−H bonds (primary amines, ammonia, water, phenylacetylene, phenylphosphine, and phenylsilane) is reported. Two contrasting reaction pathways are observed, determined by the polarity of the E−H bonds of the substrates. In the case of protic reagents (δ−E−Hδ+), a frustrated Lewis pair type of mechanism is operational at room temperature, in which the gallium metal centre acts as a Lewis acid and the pendant phosphanyl moiety deprotonates the substrates. Interestingly, at elevated temperatures both NH2iPr and ammonia can react via a second, higher energy, pathway resulting in the hydroamination of the Ga=P bond. By contrast, with hydridic reagents (δ+E−Hδ−), such as phenylsilane, hydroelementation of the Ga=P bond is exclusively observed, in line with the polarisation of the Si−H and Ga=P bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Feld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Rd., Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Daniel W N Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Rd., Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Rd., Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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Wilson DWN, Feld J, Goicoechea JM. A Phosphanyl-Phosphagallene that Functions as a Frustrated Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20914-20918. [PMID: 32615007 PMCID: PMC7693089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Phosphagallenes (1 a/1 b) featuring double bonds between phosphorus and gallium were synthesized by reaction of (phosphanyl)phosphaketenes with the gallium carbenoid Ga(Nacnac) (Nacnac=HC[C(Me)N(2,6-i-Pr2 C6 H3 )]2 ). The stability of these species is dependent on the saturation of the phosphanyl moiety. 1 a, which bears an unsaturated phosphanyl ring, rearranges in solution to yield a spirocyclic compound (2) which contains a P=P bond. The saturated variant 1 b is stable even at elevated temperatures. 1 b behaves as a frustrated Lewis pair capable of activation of H2 and forms a 1:1 adduct with CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. N. Wilson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Joey Feld
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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Ebner F, Sigmund LM, Greb L. Metal-Ligand Cooperativity of the Calix[4]pyrrolato Aluminate: Triggerable C-C Bond Formation and Rate Control in Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17118-17124. [PMID: 32573936 PMCID: PMC7540271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperativity (MLC) had a remarkable impact on transition metal chemistry and catalysis. By use of the calix[4]pyrrolato aluminate, [1]- , which features a square-planar AlIII , we transfer this concept into the p-block and fully elucidate its mechanisms by experiment and theory. Complementary to transition metal-based MLC (aromatization upon substrate binding), substrate binding in [1]- occurs by dearomatization of the ligand. The aluminate trapps carbonyls by the formation of C-C and Al-O bonds, but the products maintain full reversibility and outstanding dynamic exchange rates. Remarkably, the C-C bonds can be formed or cleaved by the addition or removal of lithium cations, permitting unprecedented control over the system's constitutional state. Moreover, the metal-ligand cooperative substrate interaction allows to twist the kinetics of catalytic hydroboration reactions in a unique sense. Ultimately, this work describes the evolution of an anti-van't Hoff/Le Bel species from their being as a structural curiosity to their application as a reagent and catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ebner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lukas Maximilian Sigmund
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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Wang Y, Mori S, Furuta H, Shimizu S. Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-Substituted Subtriazachlorin: A Subphthalocyanine Analogue with Redox Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10975-10979. [PMID: 31199050 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-substituted subtriazachlorin was formed because of an unusual reaction of a 1,3-dithiole-2-one-fused subphthalocyanine in a triethylphosphite-mediated tetrathiafulvalene synthesis. In this novel molecule, the bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)ethane moiety and subtriazachlorin structure are fused, resulting in an electron-donating ability and broad absorption in the near-infrared region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Wang Y, Mori S, Furuta H, Shimizu S. Bis(1,3‐dithiol‐2‐ylidene)‐Substituted Subtriazachlorin: A Subphthalocyanine Analogue with Redox Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yemei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES)Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS)Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS)Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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Li ZM, Li YW, Cao XP, Chow HF, Kuck D. Biconcave and Convex-Concave Tribenzotriquinacene Dimers. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3433-3440. [PMID: 29554430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A new chiral tribenzotriquinacene bearing an ortho-bromoaniline nucleus was synthesized and optically resolved. The individual enantiomers, the absolute configuration of which was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, were stereoselectively converted into the same pyrazine-fused syn-bis-TBTQ derivative by chirality-assisted Buchwald-Hartwig amination. The corresponding diastereomeric anti-dimer was obtained alongside the syn-dimer from the racemic sample under similar reaction conditions. X-ray structure analysis of the dimers confirmed the mutual biconcave and convex-concave configuration of their TBTQ moieties and the preservation of the orthogonal orientation of the indane wings within each of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , P.R. China
| | - Hak-Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2) , Bielefeld University , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
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Shimizu S. Creation of Novel Functional Molecules Based on Structural Modification of Phthalocyanine. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2017. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.75.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soji Shimizu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
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