1
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Geng S, Pu Y, Wang S, Ji Y, Feng Z. Advances in disilylation reactions to access cis/ trans-1,2-disilylated and gem-disilylated alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3484-3506. [PMID: 38469709 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Organosilane compounds are widely used in both organic synthesis and materials science. Particularly, 1,2-disilylated and gem-disilylated alkenes, characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond and multiple silyl groups, exhibit significant potential for subsequently diverse transformations. The versatility of these compounds renders them highly promising for applications in materials, enabling them to be valuable and versatile building blocks in organic synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive summary of methods for the preparation of cis/trans-1,2-disilylated and gem-disilylated alkenes. Despite notable advancements in this field, certain limitations persist, including challenges related to regioselectivity in the incorporation and chemoselectivity in the transformation of two nearly identical silyl groups. The primary objective of this review is to outline synthetic methodologies for the generation of these alkenes through disilylation reactions, employing silicon reagents, specifically disilanes, hydrosilanes, and silylborane reagents. The review places particular emphasis on investigating the practical applications of the C-Si bond of disilylalkenes and delves into an in-depth discussion of reaction mechanisms, particularly those reactions involving the activation of Si-Si, Si-H, and Si-B bonds, as well as the C-Si bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Geng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Pu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Yanru Ji
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P. R. China
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2
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Lyubov DM, Zakaria H, Nelyubina YV, Aysin RR, Bukalov SS, Trifonov AA. Ca(II) and Yb(II) complexes featuring M(C≡C) 4 structural motif: enforced proximity or genuine η 2 -bonding? Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303533. [PMID: 38070175 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Bis(carbazolide) complexes M[3,6-tBu2 -1,8-(RC≡C)2 Carb]2 (THF)n (R=SiMe3 , n=0, M=Ca, Yb; R=Ph, n=1, M=Ca, Yb; n=0, M=Yb) were synthesized through transamination reaction of M[N(SiMe3 )2 ]2 (THF)2 with two molar equivalents of carbazoles. The complexes feature M(η2 -C≡C)4 structural motif composed of M(II) ions encapsulated by four acetylene fragments due to atypical for alkaline- and rare-earth metals η2 -interactions with triple C≡C bond. This interaction is evidenced experimentally by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy in the solid state and by NMR-spectroscopy in the solution. According to QTAIM analysis there are 4 bond critical points (3;-1) between the metal atom and each of the triple bonds, which are connected by a strongly curved, almost T-shaped bond pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Lyubov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod
| | - Hamza Zakaria
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod
- N. I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gagarina Avenue 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- 28 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rinat R Aysin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gagarina Avenue 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- 28 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bukalov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gagarina Avenue 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- 28 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Trifonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gagarina Avenue 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- 28 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Murillo J, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, Oakley MS, Goodwin CAP, Gregson M, Dan D, Chilton NF, Gaunt AJ, Kozimor SA, Liddle ST, Scott BL. Carbene Complexes of Plutonium: Structure, Bonding, and Divergent Reactivity to Lanthanide Analogs. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4098-4111. [PMID: 38301208 PMCID: PMC10870714 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Organoplutonium chemistry was established in 1965, yet structurally authenticated plutonium-carbon bonds remain rare being limited to π-bonded carbocycle and σ-bonded isonitrile and hydrocarbyl derivatives. Thus, plutonium-carbenes, including alkylidenes and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), are unknown. Here, we report the preparation and characterization of the diphosphoniomethanide-plutonium complex [Pu(BIPMTMSH)(I)(μ-I)]2 (1Pu, BIPMTMSH = (Me3SiNPPh2)2CH) and the diphosphonioalkylidene-plutonium complexes [Pu(BIPMTMS)(I)(DME)] (2Pu, BIPMTMS = (Me3SiNPPh2)2C) and [Pu(BIPMTMS)(I)(IMe4)2] (3Pu, IMe4 = C(NMeCMe)2), thus disclosing non-actinyl transneptunium multiple bonds and transneptunium NHC complexes. These Pu-C double and dative bonds, along with cerium, praseodymium, samarium, uranium, and neptunium congeners, enable lanthanide-actinide and actinide-actinide comparisons between metals with similar ionic radii and isoelectronic 4f5 vs 5f5 electron-counts within conserved ligand fields over 12 complexes. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that the orbital-energy and spatial-overlap terms increase from uranium to neptunium; however, on moving to plutonium the orbital-energy matching improves but the spatial overlap decreases. The bonding picture that emerges is more complex than the traditional picture of the bonding of lanthanides being ionic and early actinides being more covalent but becoming more ionic left to right. Multiconfigurational calculations on 2M and 3M (M = Pu, Sm) account for the considerably more complex UV/vis/NIR spectra for 5f5 2Pu and 3Pu compared to 4f5 2Sm and 3Sm. Supporting the presence of Pu═C double bonds in 2Pu and 3Pu, 2Pu exhibits metallo-Wittig bond metathesis involving the highest atomic number element to date, reacting with benzaldehyde to produce the alkene PhC(H)═C(PPh2NSiMe3)2 (4) and "PuOI". In contrast, 2Ce and 2Pr do not react with benzaldehyde to produce 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Murillo
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - John A. Seed
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Meagan S. Oakley
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Conrad A. P. Goodwin
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Matthew Gregson
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David Dan
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National
University, Sullivans
Creek Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Gaunt
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stosh A. Kozimor
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Brian L. Scott
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division, Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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4
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Kyriakakis G, Kidonakis M, Louka A, Stratakis M. Pd Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Stereospecific Mizoroki-Heck Arylation of cis-1,2-Disilylarylethylenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1980-1988. [PMID: 38215468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In the presence of catalytic amounts of Pd nanoparticles, generated from Pd2dba3/Ag(I), cis-1,2-ditrimethylsilylarylethylenes undergo with aryl iodides a stereospecific Mizoroki-Heck arylation leading to trans-ditrimethylsilyldiarylethylenes. This chemoselectivity is in contrast to that of their trimethylgermyl analogues, which are arylated at the position of the C-Ge bonds. trans-1,2-Ditrimethylsilylarylethylenes are completely unreactive under the standard reaction conditions. The reaction tolerates the presence of boryl, silyl, or bromine substituents on the aryl iodides. From a mechanistic point of view, the process involves syn-arylpalladation followed by syn-dehydropalladation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kyriakakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marios Kidonakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasia Louka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Stratakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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5
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Zhao S, Ding L, Sun Y, Wang M, Zhao D. Synergistic Palladium/Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereo-divergent Bissilylation of Alkynoates: Scope, Mechanism, and Origin of Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309169. [PMID: 37477636 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed bissilylation reactions of alkynes with disilane reagents have become one of the most straightforward and efficient protocols to rapidly produce structurally diverse alkenyl silicon derivatives. In these reactions, the utilization of unsymmetrical disilane reagents provided the possibilities for reactivity enhancement as well as the synthetic merits in contrast to symmetrical disilane reagents. However, a major yet challenging objective is achieving precise control over the selectivity including the regioselectivity and the cis/trans-selectivity. Herein we realized the first divergent bissilylation of alkynoates with our developed air-stable disilane reagent 8-(2-substituted-1,1,2,2-tetramethyldisilanyl)quinoline (TMDQ) by means of synergistic Pd/Lewis acid catalytic system. The catalytic system precisely dictates the selectivity, resulting in the divergent synthesis of 1,2-bissilyl alkenes. The power of these 1,2-bissilyl alkenes serving as the key synthetic intermediates has been clearly demonstrated by rapid construction of diverse motifs and densely functionalized biologically active compounds. In addition, the origins of the switchable selectivities were well elucidated by experimental and computational studies on the reaction mechanism and were mainly attributed to different ligand steric effects, the use of the specific disilane reagent TMDQ and the different coordination modes of different Lewis acid with alkynoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Linlin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yingman Sun
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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6
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Umehara Y, Usui R, Wada Y, Sunada Y. Dinuclear and tetranuclear group 10 metal complexes constructed from linear tetrasilane comprising both Si-H and Si-Si moieties. Commun Chem 2023; 6:93. [PMID: 37188952 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of Si-H bonds and/or Si-Si bonds in organosilicon compounds by transition-metal species plays a crucial role for the production of functional organosilicon compounds. Although group-10-metal species are frequently used to activate Si-H and/or Si-Si bonds, so far, systematic investigation to clarify the preferences of these metal species with respect to the activation of Si-H and/or Si-Si bonds remain elusive. Here, we report that platinum(0) species that bear isocyanide or N-heterocyclic-carbene (NHC) ligands selectively activates the terminal Si-H bonds of the linear tetrasilane Ph2(H)SiSiPh2SiPh2Si(H)Ph2 in a stepwise manner, whereby the Si-Si bonds remain intact. In contrast, analogous palladium(0) species are preferably inserted into the Si-Si bonds of the same linear tetrasilane, whereby the terminal Si-H bonds remain intact. Substitution of the terminal hydride groups in Ph2(H)SiSiPh2SiPh2Si(H)Ph2 with chloride groups leads to the insertion of platinum(0) isocyanide into all Si-Si bonds to afford an unprecedented zig-zag Pt4 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Umehara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Usui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Wada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sunada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
- JST PRESTO, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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7
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Zhu BB, Zhang SS, Fu JG, Lin GQ, Feng CG. Palladium-catalyzed disilylation of ortho-halophenylethylenes enabled by 2-pyridone ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5922-5925. [PMID: 37171020 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01452e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed disilylation reaction applicable for a variety of non-, α-, or β-substituted and α,β-disubstituted ortho-halophenylethylenes has been developed. This reaction proceeds with high yields and very low catalyst loadings. The two C-Si bonds of the disilylated products could be well-differentiated chemoselectively in the reaction with various electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Fu
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen-Guo Feng
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Naka A, Kobayashi H. Rhodium-Catalyzed Trans-Bis-Silylation Reactions of 2-Ethynyl-3-pentamethyldisilanylpyridines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083284. [PMID: 37110518 PMCID: PMC10142085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed reactions of 2-ethynyl-3-pentamethyldisilanylpyridine derivatives (1 and 2) are reported. The reactions of compounds 1 and 2 in the presence of catalytic amounts of rhodium complexes at 110 °C gave the corresponding pyridine-fused siloles (3) and (4) through intramolecular trans-bis-silylation cyclization. The reaction of 2-bromo-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentamethyldisilanyl)pyridine with 3-phenyl-1-propyne in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2-CuI catalysts afforded 1:2 bis-silylation adduct 6. DFT calculations were also performed to understand the reaction mechanism for the production of compound 3 from compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Naka
- Department of Life Science, Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts, Nishinoura, Tsurajima-cho, Kurashiki 712-8505, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kobayashi
- Emeritus Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto-shi 606-8585, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Gilmer J, Bolte M, Virovets A, Lerner HW, Fantuzzi F, Wagner M. A Hydride-Substituted Homoleptic Silylborate: How Similar is it to its Diborane(6)-Dianion Isostere? Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203119. [PMID: 36210643 PMCID: PMC10100083 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The B-nucleophilic 9H-9-borafluorene dianion reacts with 9-chloro-9-silafluorene to afford air- and moisture-stable silylborate salts M[Ar2 (H)B-Si(H)Ar2 ] (M[HBSiH], M=Li, Na). Li[HBSiH] and Me3 SiCl give the B-pyridine adduct Ar2 (py)B-Si(H)Ar2 ((py)BSiH) or the chlorosilane Li[Ar2 (H)B-Si(Cl)Ar2 ] (Li[HBSiCl]) in C6 H6 -pyridine or THF. In both cases, the first step is H- abstraction at the B center. The resulting free borane subsequently binds a py or thf ligand. While the py adduct is stable at room temperature, the thf adduct undergoes a 1,2-H shift via the cyclic B(μ-H)Si intermediate BHSi, which is afterwards attacked at the Si atom by a Cl- ion to give Li[HBSiCl]. DFT calculations were employed to support the proposed reaction mechanism and to characterize the electronic structure of BHSi. Treatment of Li[HBSiCl] with the N-heterocyclic carbene IMe introduces the neutral donor at the Si atom and leads to Ar2 (H)B-Si(IMe)Ar2 (HBSi(IMe)), a donor-acceptor-stabilized silylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Gilmer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
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10
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Isaac CJ, Miloserdov FM, Pécharman AF, Lowe JP, McMullin CL, Whittlesey MK. Structure and Reactivity of [Ru–Al] and [Ru–Sn] Heterobimetallic PPh 3-Based Complexes. Organometallics 2022; 41:2716-2730. [PMID: 36249448 PMCID: PMC9554919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Treatment of [Ru(PPh3)(C6H4PPh2)2H][Li(THF)2] with AlMe2Cl and SnMe3Cl leads to elimination of LiCl and
CH4 and formation of the heterobimetallic complexes [Ru(C6H4PPh2)2{PPh2C6H4AlMe(THF)}H] 5 and [Ru(PPh3)(C6H4PPh2)(PPh2C6H4SnMe2)] 6, respectively.
The pathways to 5 and 6 have been probed
by variable temperature NMR studies, together with input from DFT
calculations. Complete reaction of H2 occurs with 5 at 60 °C and with 6 at room temperature
to yield the spectroscopically characterized trihydride complexes
[Ru(PPh2)2{PPh2C6H4AlMe}H3] 7 and [Ru(PPh2)2{PPh2C6H4SnMe2}H3] 8. In the presence of CO, 6 forms the acylated phosphine complex, [Ru(CO)2(C(O)C6H4PPh2)(PPh2C6H4SnMe2)] 9, through a series
of intermediates that were identified by NMR spectroscopy in conjunction
with 13CO labeling. Complex 6 undergoes addition
and substitution reactions with the N-heterocyclic carbene 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene
(IMe4) to give [Ru(IMe4)2(PPh2C6H4)(PPh2C6H4SnMe2)] 10, which converted via rare
N-Me group C–H activation to [Ru(IMe4)(PPh3)(IMe4)′(PPh2C6H4SnMe2)] 11 upon heating at 60 °C and
to a mixture of [Ru(IMe4)2(IMe4)′(PPh2C6H4SnMe2)] 12 and [Ru(PPh3)(PPh2C6H4)(IMe4-SnMe2)′] 13 at 120
°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie J. Isaac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | | | | | - John P. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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11
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Domoto Y, Fujita M. Self-assembly of nanostructures with high complexity based on metal⋯unsaturated-bond coordination. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Naka A, Shimomura N, Kobayashi H. Synthesis of Pyridine-Fused Siloles by Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Bis-Silylation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30369-30375. [PMID: 36061719 PMCID: PMC9435037 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Silole derivatives are attracting significant attention as new functional materials with excellent electronic and photophysical properties. Thus, the development of synthesis methods to afford such derivatives is highly desirable. Herein, the synthesis of pyridine-fused siloles under the conditions of the Sonogashira coupling reaction is described. The reactions of 2-bromo-3-(pentamethyldisilanyl)pyridine (1) with ethynylbenzene derivatives in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2-CuI as a catalyst afforded the corresponding pyridine-fused siloles (2a-2c) through intramolecular trans-bis-silylation. DFT calculations were also performed to understand the reaction mechanism. This paper is the first to report on the successful use of palladium catalysts in the trans-bis-silylation of alkynes with disilanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Naka
- Department
of Life Science, Kurashiki University of
Science and the Arts, 2640 Nishinoura, Tsurajima, Kurashiki, Okayama 712-8505, Japan
| | - Natsumi Shimomura
- Department
of Life Science, Kurashiki University of
Science and the Arts, 2640 Nishinoura, Tsurajima, Kurashiki, Okayama 712-8505, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kobayashi
- Professor
Emeritus, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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13
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Goodwin CAP, Wooles AJ, Murillo J, Lu E, Boronski JT, Scott BL, Gaunt AJ, Liddle ST. Carbene Complexes of Neptunium. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9764-9774. [PMID: 35609882 PMCID: PMC9490846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Since the advent
of organotransuranium chemistry six decades ago,
structurally verified complexes remain restricted to π-bonded
carbocycle and σ-bonded hydrocarbyl derivatives. Thus, transuranium-carbon
multiple or dative bonds are yet to be reported. Here, utilizing diphosphoniomethanide
precursors we report the synthesis and characterization of transuranium-carbene
derivatives, namely, diphosphonio-alkylidene- and N-heterocyclic carbene–neptunium(III) complexes that exhibit
polarized-covalent σ2π2 multiple
and dative σ2 single transuranium-carbon bond interactions,
respectively. The reaction of [NpIIII3(THF)4] with [Rb(BIPMTMSH)] (BIPMTMSH = {HC(PPh2NSiMe3)2}1–) affords
[(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(THF)] (3Np) in situ, and subsequent treatment with the N-heterocyclic carbene {C(NMeCMe)2} (IMe4) allows
isolation of [(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(IMe4)] (4Np). Separate treatment of in situ
prepared 3Np with benzyl potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane
(DME) affords [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(DME)] (5Np, BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2–). Analogously, addition of benzyl
potassium and IMe4 to 4Np gives [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(IMe4)2] (6Np). The synthesis of 3Np–6Np was facilitated by adopting a scaled-down prechoreographed approach
using cerium synthetic surrogates. The thorium(III) and uranium(III)
analogues of these neptunium(III) complexes are currently unavailable,
meaning that the synthesis of 4Np–6Np provides an example of experimental grounding of 5f- vs 5f- and
5f- vs 4f-element bonding and reactivity comparisons being led by
nonaqueous transuranium chemistry rather than thorium and uranium
congeners. Computational analysis suggests that these NpIII=C bonds are more covalent than UIII=C,
CeIII=C, and PmIII=C congeners
but comparable to analogous UIV=C bonds in terms
of bond orders and total metal contributions to the M=C bonds.
A preliminary assessment of NpIII=C reactivity has
introduced multiple bond metathesis to transuranium chemistry, extending
the range of known metallo-Wittig reactions to encompass actinide
oxidation states III-VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Erli Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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14
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Marciniec B, Pietraszuk C, Pawluć P, Maciejewski H. Inorganometallics (Transition Metal-Metalloid Complexes) and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:3996-4090. [PMID: 34967210 PMCID: PMC8832401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the formation and breaking of transition metal (TM)-carbon bonds plays a pivotal role in the catalysis of organic compounds, the reactivity of inorganometallic species, that is, those involving the transition metal (TM)-metalloid (E) bond, is of key importance in most conversions of metalloid derivatives catalyzed by TM complexes. This Review presents the background of inorganometallic catalysis and its development over the last 15 years. The results of mechanistic studies presented in the Review are related to the occurrence of TM-E and TM-H compounds as reactive intermediates in the catalytic transformations of selected metalloids (E = B, Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, or Te). The Review illustrates the significance of inorganometallics in catalysis of the following processes: addition of metalloid-hydrogen and metalloid-metalloid bonds to unsaturated compounds; activation and functionalization of C-H bonds and C-X bonds with hydrometalloids and bismetalloids; activation and functionalization of C-H bonds with vinylmetalloids, metalloid halides, and sulfonates; and dehydrocoupling of hydrometalloids. This first Review on inorganometallic catalysis sums up the developments in the catalytic methods for the synthesis of organometalloid compounds and their applications in advanced organic synthesis as a part of tandem reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Marciniec
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznań,
Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Cezary Pietraszuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawluć
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznań,
Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hieronim Maciejewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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15
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Xu GL, Wang ZX. Palladium-Catalyzed Silylation of 2,3-Allenols with Unactivated Disilanes: Access to 2-Silyl-1,3-butadienes and α-Silyl-β-hydroxy Vinylsilanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:692-696. [PMID: 35057630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective silylation of 2,3-allenols with disilanes was carried out under catalysis of Pd2dba3/P(o-MeOC6H4)3. In the presence of Cs2CO3, the reaction achieved 2-silyl-1,3-dienes. Reaction of 1-aryl-2,3-allenols gave the products with excellent Z/E selectivity and E-isomers as the major species. Reaction of α-alkylallenols or α-alkyl-α-aryl-allenols resulted in products with moderate Z/E selectivity and E-isomers are also major. Without a base, the reaction produced α-silyl-β-hydroxyl vinylsilanes, which were converted to 2-silyl-1,3-dienes upon treatment with Cs2CO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Li Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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16
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Hui L, Yuhan H, Jiaqi W. Theoretical investigation on the effect of the ligand on bis-silylation of C(sp)–C(sp) by Ni complexes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1005-1010. [PMID: 35425119 PMCID: PMC8979076 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory is used to study the bis-silylation of alkyne catalysed by a transition metal nickel–organic complex. The active catalyst, organic ligand, reaction mechanism, and rate-determining step were discussed with regard to dynamics and thermodynamics. COD or SIPr (COD = cyclooctadiene, SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) coordination with Ni will greatly reduce the energy barrier of the Si–Si insertion step, that is, ΔΔG reaches 15.5 kcal mol−1. Furthermore, the structure of alkynes will change the energy barrier of the alkyne insertion step. Density functional theory (DFT) is used to study the bis-silylation of alkynes catalyzed by a transition metal nickel–organic complex; the active catalyst, the organic ligand, the reaction mechanism, and rate-determining step are discussed in this paper.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North Minzu University, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yinchuan, China
| | - He Yuhan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wang Jiaqi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
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17
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Townrow OPE, Duckett SB, Weller AS, Goicoechea JM. Zintl cluster supported low coordinate Rh( i) centers for catalytic H/D exchange between H 2 and D 2. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7626-7633. [PMID: 35872810 PMCID: PMC9242017 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02552c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of the coordinatively unsaturated Zintl clusters [Rh(L){η3-Ge9(Hyp)3}] (where L = PMe3, PPh3, IMe4 or [W(Cp)2H2]). These species are active catalysts in H/D exchange and C–H bond activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P. E. Townrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | | | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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18
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Xu Y, Xu W, Chen X, Luo X, Lu H, Zhang M, Yang X, Deng G, Liang Y, Yang Y. Me 3SiSiMe 2(O n Bu): a disilane reagent for the synthesis of diverse silacycles via Brook- and retro-Brook-type rearrangement. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11756-11761. [PMID: 34659712 PMCID: PMC8442712 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a readily available disilane Me3SiSiMe2(OnBu) has been developed for the synthesis of diverse silacycles via Brook- and retro-Brook-type rearrangement. This protocol enables the incorporation of a silylene into different starting materials, including acrylamides, alkene-tethered 2-(2-iodophenyl)-1H-indoles, and 2-iodobiaryls, via the cleavage of Si–Si, Si–C, and Si–O bonds, leading to the formation of spirobenzosiloles, fused benzosiloles, and π-conjugated dibenzosiloles in moderate to good yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that this transformation is realized by successive palladium-catalyzed bis-silylation and Brook- and retro-Brook-type rearrangement of silane-tethered silanols. A readily available disilane Me3SiSiMe2(OnBu) as a silylene source has been developed for the synthesis of diverse silacycles via Brook- and retro-Brook-type rearrangement.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Xinyang Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Xiai Luo
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Xiumei Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Guobo Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Yun Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Yuan Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
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19
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Synthesis of trans-Mono(silyl)palladium(II) Bromide Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092460. [PMID: 33922538 PMCID: PMC8122886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stoichiometric reaction of cis-[Pd(ITMe)2(SiR3)2], where (SiR3 = SiMe3 and SiMe2Ph and ITMe = 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene) with allyl bromide affords the corresponding allylsilanes along with complexes of the type trans-[Pd(ITMe)2(SiR3)(Br)]. The structure of trans-[Pd(ITMe)2(SiMe2Ph)Br] 2b has been determined in the solid state and displays a slightly distorted square-planar geometry with the two N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in a trans-configuration.
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20
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Bis-silylation of internal alkynes enabled by Ni(0) catalysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:68. [PMID: 33397974 PMCID: PMC7782505 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2-Bis-silyl alkenes have exciting synthetic potential for programmable sequential synthesis via manipulation of the two vicinal silyl groups. Transition metal-catalyzed bis-silylation of alkynes with disilanes is the most straightforward strategy to access such useful building blocks. However, this process has some limitations: (1) symmetric disilanes are frequently employed in most of the reactions to assemble two identical silyl groups, which makes chemoselective differentiation for stepwise downstream transformations difficult; (2) the main catalysts are low-valent platinum group transition metal complexes, which are expensive; and (3) internal alkynes remain challenging substrates with low inherent reactivity. Thus, the development of abundant metal-catalyzed bis-silylation of internal alkynes with unsymmetrical disilanes is of significance. Herein, we solve most of the aforementioned limitations in bis-silylation of unsaturated bonds by developing a strongly coordinating disilane reagent and a Ni(0) catalytic system. Importantly, we sufficiently realize the stepwise recognition of the two silyl groups, making this synthetic protocol of wide potential utility. Bis-silylated alkenes offer the advantage of two functional handles with distinguished reactivity for downstream functionalization. Here, the authors report a nickel-catalyzed bis-silylation of internal alkynes to versatile silylated alkene intermediates which can be chemoselectively manipulated.
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21
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Li J, He D, Lin Z, Wu W, Jiang H. Recent advances in NHC–palladium catalysis for alkyne chemistry: versatile synthesis and applications. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00111f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent developments in NHC–palladium catalysis for alkyne chemistry: versatile synthesis and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Dan He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Zidong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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22
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Doddi A, Bockfeld D, Bannenberg T, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Nucleophilic Phosphinidene Transition Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:14878-14887. [PMID: 32721063 PMCID: PMC7756676 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chloride abstraction from the complexes [(η6 -p-cymene){(IDipp)P}MCl] (2 a, M=Ru; 2 b, M=Os) and [(η5 -C5 Me5 ){(IDipp)P}IrCl] (3 b, IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) with sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBArF ) in the presence of trimethylphosphine (PMe3 ), 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazolin-2-ylidene (Me IMe) or carbon monoxide (CO) afforded the complexes [(η6 -p-cymene){(IDipp)P}M(PMe3 )]BArF ] (4 a, M=Ru; 4 b, M=Os), [(η6 -p-cymene){(IDipp)P}Os(Me IMe)]BArF ] (5) and [(η5 -C5 Me5 ){(IDipp)P}IrL][BArF ] (6, L=PMe3 ; 7, L=Me IMe; 8, L=CO). These cationic N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene complexes feature very similar structural and spectroscopic properties as prototypic nucleophilic arylphosphinidene complexes such as low-field 31 P NMR resonances and short metal-phosphorus double bonds. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the metal-phosphorus bond can be described in terms of an interaction between a triplet [(IDipp)P]+ cation and a triplet metal complex fragment ligand with highly covalent σ- and π-contributions. Crystals of the C-H activated complex 9 were isolated from solutions containing the PMe3 complex, and its formation can be rationalized by PMe3 dissociation and formation of a putative 16-electron intermediate [(η5 -C5 Me5 )Ir{P(IDipp)}I][BArF ], which undergoes C-H activation at one of the Dipp isopropyl groups and addition along the iridium-phosphorus bond to afford an unusual η3 -benzyl coordination mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of, Science Education and Research Berhampur, Transit Campus, Govt. ITI BuildingEngineering School Road, Ganjam, Berhampur760010OdishaIndia
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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23
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Miloserdov FM, Isaac CJ, Beck ML, Burnage AL, Farmer JCB, Macgregor SA, Mahon MF, Whittlesey MK. Impact of the Novel Z-Acceptor Ligand Bis{( ortho-diphenylphosphino)phenyl}zinc (ZnPhos) on the Formation and Reactivity of Low-Coordinate Ru(0) Centers. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15606-15619. [PMID: 33074685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and reactivity with H2 of two Ru complexes of the novel ZnPhos ligand (ZnPhos = Zn(o-C6H4PPh2)2) are described. Ru(ZnPhos)(CO)3 (2) and Ru(ZnPhos)(IMe4)2 (4; IMe4 = 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene) are formed directly from the reaction of Ru(PPh3)(C6H4PPh2)2(ZnMe)2 (1) or Ru(PPh3)3HCl/LiCH2TMS/ZnMe2 with CO and IMe4, respectively. Structural and electronic structure analyses characterize both 2 and 4 as Ru(0) species in which Ru donates to the Z-type Zn center of the ZnPhos ligand; in 2, Ru adopts an octahedral coordination, while 4 displays square-pyramidal coordination with Zn in the axial position. Under photolytic conditions, 2 loses CO to give Ru(ZnPhos)(CO)2 that then adds H2 over the Ru-Zn bond to form Ru(ZnPhos)(CO)2(μ-H)2 (3). In contrast, 4 reacts directly with H2 to set up an equilibrium with Ru(ZnPhos)(IMe4)2H2 (5), the product of oxidative addition at the Ru center. DFT calculations rationalize these different outcomes in terms of the energies of the square-pyramidal Ru(ZnPhos)L2 intermediates in which Zn sits in a basal site: for L = CO, this is readily accessed and allows H2 to add across the Ru-Zn bond, but for L = IMe4, this species is kinetically inaccessible and reaction can only occur at the Ru center. This difference is related to the strong π-acceptor ability of CO compared to IMe4. Steric effects associated with the larger IMe4 ligands are not significant. Species 4 can be considered as a Ru(0)L4 species that is stabilized by the Ru→Zn interaction. As such, it is a rare example of a stable Ru(0)L4 species devoid of strong π-acceptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor M Miloserdov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 3QD, United Kingdom
| | - Connie J Isaac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 3QD, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine L Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 3QD, United Kingdom
| | - Arron L Burnage
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - James C B Farmer
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 3QD, United Kingdom
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24
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Su J, Li W, Li X, Xu J, Song Q. Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfurative Amide Formation from Thioureas and Arylboronic Acids. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Su
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation College of Material Sciences Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen, Fujian 361021 P. R. China
| | - Wendong Li
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation College of Material Sciences Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen, Fujian 361021 P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation College of Material Sciences Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen, Fujian 361021 P. R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation College of Material Sciences Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen, Fujian 361021 P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation College of Material Sciences Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen, Fujian 361021 P. R. China
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25
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Georg I, Bursch M, Stückrath JB, Alig E, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Grimme S, Wagner M. Building up Strain in One Step: Synthesis of an Edge-Fused Double Silacyclobutene from an Extensively Trichlorosilylated Butadiene Dianion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16181-16187. [PMID: 32484309 PMCID: PMC7540532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The exhaustive trichlorosilylation of hexachloro‐1,3‐butadiene was achieved in one step by using a mixture of Si2Cl6 and [nBu4N]Cl (7:2 equiv) as the silylation reagent. The corresponding butadiene dianion salt [nBu4N]2[1] was isolated in 36 % yield after recrystallization. The negative charges of [1]2− are mainly delocalized across its two carbanionic (Cl3Si)2C termini (α‐effect of silicon) such that the central bond possesses largely C=C double‐bond character. Upon treatment with 4 equiv of HCl, [1]2− is converted into neutral 1,2,3,4‐tetrakis(trichlorosilyl)but‐2‐ene, 3. The Cl− acceptor AlCl3, induces a twofold ring‐closure reaction of [1]2− to form a six‐membered bicycle 4 in which two silacyclobutene rings are fused along a shared C=C double bond (84 %). Compound 4, which was structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography, undergoes partial ring opening to a monocyclic silacyclobutene 2 in the presence of HCl, but is thermally stable up to at least 180 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Georg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julius B Stückrath
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Edith Alig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
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26
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Georg I, Bursch M, Stückrath JB, Alig E, Bolte M, Lerner H, Grimme S, Wagner M. Building up Strain in One Step: Synthesis of an Edge‐Fused Double Silacyclobutene from an Extensively Trichlorosilylated Butadiene Dianion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Georg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Julius B. Stückrath
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Edith Alig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Hans‐Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
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27
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Obi AD, Walley JE, Frey NC, Wong YO, Dickie DA, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. Tris(carbene) Stabilization of Monomeric Magnesium Cations: A Neutral, Nontethered Ligand Approach. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akachukwu D. Obi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jacob E. Walley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathan C. Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Yuen Onn Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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28
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Usui R, Sunada Y. Insertion of Ni(0) and Pd(0) precursors into the Si-Si bond of a disilane with two hypercoordinate silicon atoms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8464-8467. [PMID: 32584334 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03211e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the silicon-silicon bond in disilane Ph2Si(μ-PzMe2)2SiPh2 (1), which possesses two five-coordinate silicon centers, was achieved by a reaction with Pd(0) or Ni(0) precursors of modest steric demand to afford a dinuclear Pd complex (2) or two types of mononuclear Ni complexes (3 and 4), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Usui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sunada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan and Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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29
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Tani T, Sohma Y, Tsuchimoto T. Zinc/Indium Bimetallic Lewis Acid Relay Catalysis for Dehydrogenative Silylation/Hydrosilylation Reaction of Terminal Alkynes with Bis(hydrosilane)s. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Yudai Sohma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuchimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
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30
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Ewing WC, Dellermann T, Angel Wong YT, Mattock JD, Vargas A, Bryce DL, Dewhurst RD, Braunschweig H. π-Complexes of Diborynes with Main Group Atoms. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1553-1557. [PMID: 32207211 PMCID: PMC7317709 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We present herein an in-depth study of complexes in which a molecule containing a boron-boron triple bond is bound to tellurate cations. The analysis allows the description of these salts as true π complexes between the B-B triple bond and the tellurium center. These complexes thus extend the well-known Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model of bonding to compounds made up solely of p block elements. Structural, spectroscopic and computational evidence is offered to argue that a set of recently reported heterocycles consisting of phenyltellurium cations complexed to diborynes bear all the hallmarks of π-complexes in the π-complex/metallacycle continuum envisioned by Joseph Chatt. Described as such, these compounds are unique in representing the extreme of a metal-free continuum with conventional unsaturated three-membered rings (cyclopropenes, azirenes, borirenes) occupying the opposite end.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Ewing
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Y. T. Angel Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
| | - James D. Mattock
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonBN1 9QJSussexUK
| | - Alfredo Vargas
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonBN1 9QJSussexUK
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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31
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Whited MT, Taylor BLH. Metal/Organosilicon Complexes: Structure, Reactivity, and Considerations for Catalysis. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2020.1737026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Whited
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota, USA
| | - Buck L. H. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Portland, Portland, Oregon, USA
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32
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Rama RJ, Martín MT, Peloso R, Nicasio MC. Low-coordinate M(0) complexes of group 10 stabilized by phosphorus(III) ligands and N-heterocyclic carbenes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of thioureas or thioamides. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5709. [PMID: 31836718 PMCID: PMC6911099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions involving metal carbene intermediates play an increasingly important role in C-C bond formation. Expanding the carbene precursors to a broader range of starting materials and more diverse products is an ongoing challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. Herein, we report a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of in situ-generated Pd-carbene complexes via desulfurization of thioureas or thioamides. This strategy enables the preparation of a broad array of substituted amidinium salts and unsymmetrical diaryl ketones. The reaction is readily scalable, compatible with bromo groups on aromatic rings, tolerant to moisture and air and has a broad substrate scope. Furthermore, a single crystal structure of Pd-diaminocarbene complex is obtained and proven to be the key intermediate in both catalytic and stoichiometric reactions. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrate the dual role of the silver salt as a desulfurating reagent assisting the elimination of sulfur and as oxidant facilitating the PdII/Pd0/PdII catalytic cycle.
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34
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Wu Q, Roy A, Irran E, Qu Z, Grimme S, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Catalytic Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes with Unreactive Hexamethyldisilane through Regeneration of Silylium Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17307-17311. [PMID: 31566863 PMCID: PMC6900109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, intermolecular syn-addition of hexamethyldisilane across simple alkenes is reported. The catalytic cycle is initiated and propagated by the transfer of a methyl group from the disilane to a silylium-ion-like intermediate, corresponding to the (re)generation of the silylium-ion catalyst. The key feature of the reaction sequence is the cleavage of the Si-Si bond in a 1,3-silyl shift from silicon to carbon. A central intermediate of the catalysis was structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the computed reaction mechanism is fully consistent with the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Avijit Roy
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstraße 453115BonnGermany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstraße 453115BonnGermany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
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35
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Wu Q, Roy A, Irran E, Qu Z, Grimme S, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Katalytische Difunktionalisierung von nichtaktivierten Alkenen mit reaktionsträgem Hexamethyldisilan durch Neubildung von Silyliumionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Avijit Roy
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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36
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Aullón G. On the silicon-silicon bonds σ-coordinated to group 10 transition metals. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Teichmann J, Kunkel C, Georg I, Moxter M, Santowski T, Bolte M, Lerner H, Bade S, Wagner M. Tris(trichlorosilyl)tetrelide Anions and a Comparative Study of Their Donor Qualities. Chemistry 2019; 25:2740-2744. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Teichmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Chantal Kunkel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Isabelle Georg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Maximilian Moxter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Tobias Santowski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Hans‐Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Stefan Bade
- Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH Untere Kanalstrasse 3 79618 Rheinfelden Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
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38
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Xiao P, Gao L, Song Z. Recent Progress in the Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Activation of Si−Si Bonds To Form C−Si Bonds. Chemistry 2018; 25:2407-2422. [PMID: 30160810 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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39
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Scattolin T, Canovese L, Visentin F, Santo C, Demitri N. Synthesis and characterization of novel olefin complexes of palladium(0) with chelating bis(N-heterocyclic carbenes) as spectator ligands. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Keske EC, West TH, Lloyd-Jones GC. Analysis of Autoinduction, Inhibition, and Autoinhibition in a Rh-Catalyzed C–C Cleavage: Mechanism of Decyanative Aryl Silylation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Keske
- EaStChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H. West
- EaStChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- EaStChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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41
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Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Heck/Silylation Reaction for the Synthesis of (2-Oxoindolin-3-yl)methylsilanes via
Trapping of the σ-Alkylpalladium Intermediates with Disilanes. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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He T, Liu LC, Guo L, Li B, Zhang QW, He W. Rhodium-Catalyzed Intermolecular trans
-Disilylation of Alkynones with Unactivated Disilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Li-Chuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Le Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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43
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He T, Liu LC, Guo L, Li B, Zhang QW, He W. Rhodium-Catalyzed Intermolecular trans
-Disilylation of Alkynones with Unactivated Disilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10868-10872. [PMID: 29956433 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Li-Chuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Le Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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44
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Canovese L, Visentin F, Scattolin T, Santo C, Bertolasi V. Synthesis of novel olefin complexes of palladium(0) bearing monodentate NHC, phosphine and isocyanide spectator ligands. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Ansell MB, Furfari SK, Cloke FGN, Roe SM, Spencer J, Navarro O. Comparison of the Reactivity of the Low Buried-Volume Carbene Complexes (ITMe)2Pd(PhC≡CPh) and (ITMe)2Pd(PhN═NPh). Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melvyn B. Ansell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN19QJ, U.K
| | - Samantha K. Furfari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN19QJ, U.K
| | | | - S. Mark Roe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN19QJ, U.K
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN19QJ, U.K
| | - Oscar Navarro
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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46
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Xiao P, Cao Y, Gui Y, Gao L, Song Z. Me
3
Si−SiMe
2
[
o
CON(
i
Pr)
2
−C
6
H
4
]: An Unsymmetrical Disilane Reagent for Regio‐ and Stereoselective Bis‐Silylation of Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Xiao
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yanjun Cao
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yingying Gui
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Lu Gao
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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47
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Xiao P, Cao Y, Gui Y, Gao L, Song Z. Me3
Si−SiMe2
[o
CON(i
Pr)2
−C6
H4
]: An Unsymmetrical Disilane Reagent for Regio- and Stereoselective Bis-Silylation of Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4769-4773. [PMID: 29442434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Xiao
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yanjun Cao
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yingying Gui
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Lu Gao
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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48
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DeLucia NA, Das N, Vannucci AK. Mild synthesis of silyl ethers via potassium carbonate catalyzed reactions between alcohols and hydrosilanes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3415-3418. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed for the silanolysis of alcohols using an abundant and non-corrosive base K2CO3 as a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. DeLucia
- University of South Carolina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Nivedita Das
- University of South Carolina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- University of South Carolina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Columbia
- USA
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49
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Teichmann J, Wagner M. Silicon chemistry in zero to three dimensions: from dichlorosilylene to silafullerane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1397-1412. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09063c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As one of the simplest examples of functionalized Si(ii) species, the SiCl2/[SiCl3]− system is not only fundamentally interesting, but also an important starting point for the assembly of oligosilane chains, rings, and clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Teichmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
- 60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - M. Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
- 60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
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50
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Yue X, Shan C, Qi X, Luo X, Zhu L, Zhang T, Li Y, Li Y, Bai R, Lan Y. Insights into disilylation and distannation: sequence influence and ligand/steric effects on Pd-catalyzed difunctionalization of carbenes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1819-1826. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculation has been used to reveal the mechanism of Pd-catalyzed disilylation of carbene, which is a pathway to construct disilylmethane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University of Education
- Chongqing 400067
- P. R. China
| | - Yingzi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
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