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Gu W, Hu J, Li L, Hong M, Yang C, Ren G, Ye J, Zhou S. Natural AIEgens as Ultraviolet Sunscreens and Photosynergists for Solar Fuel Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39390730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Bio-nano hybrids (BNH), combining semiconductors and microorganisms, have shown great promise for effective solar-to-fuel energy conversion. However, the high-energy ultraviolet (UV) photons in the solar spectrum can cause severe photocorrosion of semiconductors and irreversible photodamage to microorganisms within BNH. Here, we developed an encapsulation strategy using natural luminogens with aggregation-induced emission characteristics (AIEgens) to construct a protective layer for BNH, effectively shielding them against high-energy UV photons. We incorporated natural berberine (BBR) into the BNH composed of Methanosarcina barkeri and polymeric carbon nitrides (CNx). The self-assembled BNH-BBR system displayed a 2.75-fold higher CH4 yield than BNH under simulated solar irradiation. Mechanism analysis revealed that BBR acted as a UV sunscreen for BNH by converting high-energy short wavelengths into low-energy long wavelengths, thereby reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alleviating the photocorrosion of CNx. Furthermore, BBR functioned as a photosynergist for BNH by regulating photoelectron production and utilization, enhancing the intracellular energy formation in M. barkeri for growth and metabolism. This work provides important insights into the effective and scalable conversion of CO2 into valuable biofuels with BNH under light illumination containing high-energy photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Gu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lei Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mingqiu Hong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Chaohui Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jie Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Ban T, Inukai K, Takai-Yamashita C, Manseki K. Enhanced electrocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution reaction using 2D/2D nanohybrids of ruthenate nanoflakes and graphitic carbon nitride. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:25709-25718. [PMID: 39352492 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02668c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical and electrochemical water splitting was examined using ruthenate nanoflake (RuNF) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) hybrids. A two-dimensional and visible-light-responsive photocatalyst g-C3N4 was hybridized with the RuNFs that we recently synthesized via a bottom-up process in aqueous solution, yielding 2D/2D nanocomposites. The influence of the 2D/2D nanocomposites on oxygen and hydrogen evolution during photoelectrochemical and electrochemical water splitting was investigated. First, electrolysis of a Na2SO4 aqueous solution was conducted with intermittent photo-irradiation. Both the g-C3N4 electrode and the RuNF/g-C3N4 hybrid electrode provided anodic and cathodic photocurrents at high and low potentials, respectively; however, the copresence of RuNFs decreased the photocurrents, probably because the RuNFs retarded the light absorption by g-C3N4. Moreover, the use of RuNF/g-C3N4 hybrids as electrodes facilitated both the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions without photo-irradiation. However, for the oxygen evolution reaction, the effect of the RuNFs was similar to that of RuO2 nanoparticles, indicating that the influence of the type and morphology of ruthenium species on the oxygen evolution reaction was small. Conversely, irrespective of the pH of the aqueous solutions in an electrolytic bath, the 2D/2D nanostructure of RuNFs and g-C3N4 decreased the overpotential of the hydrogen evolution reaction. However, the use of RuO2 particles instead of RuNFs did not cause such a phenomenon. Thus, it was revealed that the RuNFs synthesized via a bottom-up process were useful as a co-catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ban
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Inukai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Chika Takai-Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Manseki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Zhang P, Li N, Li L, Yu Y, Tuerhong R, Su X, Zhang B, Han L, Han Y. g-C 3N 4-Based Photocatalytic Materials for Converting CO 2 Into Energy: A Review. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400075. [PMID: 38822681 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution management and renewable energy development are humanity's biggest issues in the 21st century. The rise in atmospheric CO2, which has surpassed 400 parts per million, has stimulated research on CO2 reduction and conversion methods. Presently, photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to valuable hydrocarbons enables the transformation of solar energy into chemical energy and offers a novel avenue for energy conversion while regulating the greenhouse effect. This is an ideal strategy for simultaneously addressing environmental issues and the energy crisis. Photocatalysts are essential to photocatalytic processes. Photocatalyst is the core of photocatalytic technology, and graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted much attention because of its nonmetallic characteristics, and it has the characteristics of low cost, tunable electronic structure, easy manufacture and strong reducibility. However, its activity is not only affected by external reaction conditions, but also by the band gap structure, physical and chemical stability, surface morphology and specific surface area of the photocatalyst it. In this paper, the application progress of g-C3N4-based photocatalytic materials in CO2 reduction is reviewed, and the modification strategies of g-C3N4-based catalysts to obtain better catalytic efficiency and selectivity in CO2 photocatalytic reduction are summarized, and the future development of this material is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Longjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Yongchong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Reyila Tuerhong
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Lijuan Han
- Gansu Natural Energy Institute, Gansu Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730046, P.R.China
| | - Yuqi Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, He Xi University, No.846 North Circle Road, Zhangye, 734000, P.R.China
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Lin J, Tian W, Zhang H, Sun H, Wang S. Electronic Structure and Functions of Carbon Nitride in Frontier Green Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2303-2315. [PMID: 39107898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusGraphitic carbon nitride-based materials have emerged as promising photocatalysts for a variety of energy and environmental applications owing to their "earth-abundant" nature, structural versatility, tunable electronic and optical properties, and chemical stability. Optimizing carbon nitride's physicochemical properties encompasses a variety of approaches, including the regulation of inherent structural defects, morphology control, heterostructure construction, and heteroatom and metal-atom doping. These strategies are pivotal in ultimately enhancing their photocatalytic activities. Previous reviews with extensive examples have mainly focused on the synthesis, modification, and application of carbon nitride-based materials in photocatalysis. However, there has been a lack of straightforward and in-depth discussion to understand the electronic characteristics and functions of various engineered carbon nitrides as well as their precise tailoring strategies and ultimately to explain the regularity and specificity of their improved performance in targeted photocatalytic systems. In the past ten years, our group has conducted extensive investigations on carbon nitride-based materials and their application in photocatalysis. These studies demonstrate the close yet intricate relationship between the electronic structure of carbon nitride materials and their photocatalytic reactivity. Understanding the electronic structure and functions of carbon nitride, as well as different engineering strategies, is essential for the improvement of photocatalytic processes from fundamental study to practical applications.To this end, in this Account, we first delve into the nature of the electronic properties of carbon nitride, highlighting the electronic structures, including band structure, density of states, molecular orbitals, and band center, as well as its electronic functions, such as the charge distribution, internal electric field, and external electric force. Subsequently, based on recent research in our group, we present a detailed discussion of the strategic modifications of carbon nitride and the consequential impacts on the physicochemical properties, particularly the optical properties and intrinsic electronic characteristics, for enhancing the photocatalytic performance. These modifications are categorized as follows: (i) component changing, which involves intralayer and interface heterojunctions as well as homojunctions, to modulate the band-edge potentials and reactivity of photoinduced electrons and holes toward surface redox reactions; (ii) dimensional tuning, which engineers the dimensional structure of carbon nitride, to influence the electron transfer direction; (iii) defect and heteroatom modification, which introduces a symmetry break in the carbon nitride framework, to promote charge redistribution for altering the charge density and electronic structure; and (iv) anchoring of single-atom metals to facilitate orbital hybridization and charge transfer enhancement through the unique metal-N coordination configurations. Finally, we propose an appraisal of the prospects and challenges in the precise manipulation and characterization of the electronic structure and functions of carbon nitride. The integration of in situ electronic structure analysis, theoretical calculation based on machine learning, and precise mechanism study may propel its substantial development in the light-driven circular economy. We hope this Account aspires to offer novel insights and perspectives into the operational mechanisms and tailored structure of carbon nitride-based materials in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkai Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wenjie Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Huayang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Zhong T, Huang W, Yao Z, Long X, Qu W, Zhao H, Tian S, Shu D, He C. Engineering of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3N 4) Based Photocatalysts for Atmospheric Protection: Modification Strategies, Recent Progress, and Application Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404696. [PMID: 39155427 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a prominent photocatalyst that has attracted substantial interest in the field of photocatalytic environmental remediation due to the low cost of fabrication, robust chemical structure, adaptable and tunable energy bandgaps, superior photoelectrochemical properties, cost-effective feedstocks, and distinctive framework. Nonetheless, the practical application of bulk g-C3N4 in the photocatalysis field is limited by the fast recombination of photogenerated e--h+ pairs, insufficient surface-active sites, and restricted redox capacity. Consequently, a great deal of research has been devoted to solving these scientific challenges for large-scale applications. This review concisely presents the latest advancements in g-C3N4-based photocatalyst modification strategies, and offers a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and preparation techniques for each strategy. It aims to articulate the complex relationship between theory, microstructure, and activities of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for atmospheric protection. Finally, both the challenges and opportunities for the development of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts are highlighted. It is highly believed that this special review will provide new insight into the synthesis, modification, and broadening of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for atmospheric protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhangnan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xianhu Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huinan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shuanghong Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dong Shu
- Key Lab of Technology on Electrochemical Energy Storage and Power Generation in Guangdong Universities, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Yan Y, Meng Q, Tian L, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Engineering of g-C 3N 4 for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8842. [PMID: 39201528 PMCID: PMC11354686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts have garnered significant interest as a promising photocatalyst for hydrogen generation under visible light, to address energy and environmental challenges owing to their favorable electronic structure, affordability, and stability. In spite of that, issues such as high charge carrier recombination rates and low quantum efficiency impede its broader application. To overcome these limitations, structural and morphological modification of the g-C3N4-based photocatalysts is a novel frontline to improve the photocatalytic performance. Therefore, we briefly summarize the current preparation methods of g-C3N4. Importantly, this review highlights recent advancements in crafting high-performance g-C3N4-based photocatalysts, focusing on strategies like elemental doping, nanostructure design, bandgap engineering, and heterostructure construction. Notably, sophisticated doping techniques have propelled hydrogen production rates to a 104-fold increase. Ingenious nanostructure designs have expanded the surface area by a factor of 26, concurrently extending the fluorescence lifetime of charge carriers by 50%. Moreover, the strategic assembly of heterojunctions has not only elevated charge carrier separation efficiency but also preserved formidable redox properties, culminating in a dramatic hundredfold surge in hydrogen generation performance. This work provides a reliable and brief overview of the controlled modification engineering of g-C3N4-based photocatalyst systems, paving the way for more efficient hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qing Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Long Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China
| | - Yulong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China
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7
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Miri A, Shih YH, Chen WL. The highly efficient photodegradation of 4-bromophenol by TiO 2/g-C 3N 4 nano photocatalyst with LED visible light. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142658. [PMID: 38901706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Since traditional photocatalysts have suffered from higher charge carrier recombination and moderate photocatalytic efficiency, developing photocatalysts is crucial for water treatment objectives. Hence, the various ratios of TiO2 on g-C3N4 (CN) to form nano photocatalysts were synthesized by the solvothermal method. The 30%TiO2/CN showed the best performance to degradation and debromination of 4-bromophenol (4-BP) solution completely (kobs = 6.6 × 10-2 min-1) under visible light emitted by LED (420 nm) in 30 min. Remarkably, the photocatalyst showed superior stability and reusability, maintaining its efficiency after four cycles of 4-BP degradation. The dominant ROS participating in 4-BP degradation were ●O-2 and photogenerated holes (h+), as investigated by free radical scavenging tests. The optical properties analysis revealed that the introduction of TiO2 to the bulk CN decreases electron-hole recombination and improve photocatalytic performance by facilitating electrons transfer through the TiO2 nanoparticles in a chain. The findings of this study showed that the TiO2/CN photocatalyst is a promising catalyst for the degradation of 4-BP. It exhibits a higher rate constant and photocatalytic efficiency compared with previous studies conducted under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Miri
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsin Shih
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ling Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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8
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Xu X, Zhang X, He H, Dai L, Hu J, Si C. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Enters the Scene: A Promising Versatile Tool for Biomedical Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39023123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), since the pioneering work on visible-light photocatalytic water splitting in 2009, has emerged as a highly promising advanced material for environmental and energetic applications, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic hydrogen generation, and carbon dioxide reduction. Due to its distinctive two-dimensional structure, excellent chemical stability, and distinctive optical and electrical properties, g-C3N4 has garnered a considerable amount of interest in the field of biomedicine in recent years. This review focuses on the fundamental properties of g-C3N4, highlighting the synthesis and modification strategies associated with the interfacial structures of g-C3N4-based materials, including heterojunction, band gap engineering, doping, and nanocomposite hybridization. Furthermore, the biomedical applications of these materials in various domains, including biosensors, antimicrobial applications, and photocatalytic degradation of medical pollutants, are also described with the objective of spotlighting the unique advantages of g-C3N4. A summary of the challenges faced and future prospects for the advancement of g-C3N4-based materials is presented, and it is hoped that this review will inspire readers to seek further new applications for this material in biomedical and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Haodong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chuanling Si
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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9
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Majdoub M, Sengottuvelu D, Nouranian S, Al-Ostaz A. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots (g-C 3N 4 QDs): From Chemistry to Applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301462. [PMID: 38433108 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Since their emergence in 2014, graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-C3N4 QDs) have attracted much interest from the scientific community due to their distinctive physicochemical features, including structural, morphological, electrochemical, and optoelectronic properties. Owing to their desirable characteristics, such as non-zero band gap, ability to be chemically functionalized or doped, possessing tunable properties, outstanding dispersibility in different media, and biocompatibility, g-C3N4 QDs have shown promise for photocatalysis, energy devices, sensing, bioimaging, solar cells, optoelectronics, among other applications. As these fields are rapidly evolving, it is very strenuous to pinpoint the emerging challenges of the g-C3N4 QDs development and application during the last decade, mainly due to the lack of critical reviews of the innovations in the g-C3N4 QDs synthesis pathways and domains of application. Herein, an extensive survey is conducted on the g-C3N4 QDs synthesis, characterization, and applications. Scenarios for the future development of g-C3N4 QDs and their potential applications are highlighted and discussed in detail. The provided critical section suggests a myriad of opportunities for g-C3N4 QDs, especially for their synthesis and functionalization, where a combination of eco-friendly/single step synthesis and chemical modification may be used to prepare g-C3N4 QDs with, for example, enhanced photoluminescence and production yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Majdoub
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Dineshkumar Sengottuvelu
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Sasan Nouranian
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Ostaz
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
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10
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Yuan Y, Wang WL, Wang ZW, Wang J, Wu QY. Single-atom Ag-loaded carbon nitride photocatalysts for efficient degradation of acetaminophen: The role of Ag-atom and O 2. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:12-22. [PMID: 38105040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride has been extensively used as a visible-light photocatalyst, but it has the disadvantages of a low specific surface area, rapid electron-hole recombination, and relatively low light absorbance. In this study, single-atom Ag was successfully anchored on ultrathin carbon nitride (UTCN) via thermal polymerization, the catalyst obtained is called AgUTCN. The Ag hardly changed the carbon nitride's layered and porous physical structure. AgUTCN exhibited efficient visible-light photocatalytic performances in the degradation of various recalcitrant pollutants, eliminations of 85% were achieved by visible-light irradiation for 1 hr. Doping with Ag improved the photocatalytic performance of UTCN by narrowing the forbidden band gap from 2.49 to 2.36 eV and suppressing electron-hole pair recombination. In addition, Ag doping facilitated O2 adsorption on UTCN by decreasing the adsorption energy from -0.2 to -2.22 eV and favored the formation of O2·-. Electron spin resonance and radical-quenching experiments showed that O2·- was the major reactive species in the degradation of Acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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11
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Zhou D, Li D, Chen Z. Recent advances in ternary Z-scheme photocatalysis on graphitic carbon nitride based photocatalysts. Front Chem 2024; 12:1359895. [PMID: 38633985 PMCID: PMC11021764 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1359895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its excellent photocatalytic performance over the last few years, graphitic-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has garnered considerable notice as a photocatalyst. Nevertheless, several limitations, including small surface area, the rates at which photo-generated electrons and holes recombine are swift, and the inefficient separation and transport of photoexcited carriers continue to impede its solar energy utilization. To overcome those limitations in single-component g-C3N4, constructing a heterogeneous photocatalytic system has emerged as an effective way. Among the various studies involving the incorporation of hetero composite materials to design heterojunctions, among the most promising approaches is to assemble a Z-scheme photocatalytic configuration. The Z-scheme configuration is essential because it facilitates efficient photocarrier separation and exhibits superior redox ability in separated electrons and holes. Moreover, ternary composites have demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activities and reinforced photostability. Ternary Z-scheme heterostructures constructed with g-C3N4 possess all the above-mentioned merits and provide a pioneering strategy for implementing photocatalytic systems for environmental and energy sustainability. A summary of the latest technological advancements toward design and fabrication in ternary all-solid-state Z-scheme (ASSZ) and direct Z-scheme (DZ) photocatalysts built on g-C3N4 is presented in this review. Furthermore, the review also discusses the application of ternary Z-scheme photocatalytic architecture established on g-C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Zhou
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Dongxiang Li
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Sohail M, Rauf S, Irfan M, Hayat A, Alghamdi MM, El-Zahhar AA, Ghernaout D, Al-Hadeethi Y, Lv W. Recent developments, advances and strategies in heterogeneous photocatalysts for water splitting. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1286-1330. [PMID: 38419861 PMCID: PMC10898449 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00442b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) is an up-and-coming technology for generating sustainable fuel using light energy. Significant progress has been made in the developing of PWS innovations over recent years. In addition to various water-splitting (WS) systems, the focus has primarily been on one- and two-steps-excitation WS systems. These systems utilize singular or composite photocatalysts for WS, which is a simple, feasible, and cost-effective method for efficiently converting prevalent green energy into sustainable H2 energy on a large commercial scale. The proposed principle of charge confinement and transformation should be implemented dynamically by conjugating and stimulating the photocatalytic process while ensuring no unintentional connection at the interface. This study focuses on overall water splitting (OWS) using one/two-steps excitation and various techniques. It also discusses the current advancements in the development of new light-absorbing materials and provides perspectives and approaches for isolating photoinduced charges. This article explores multiple aspects of advancement, encompassing both chemical and physical changes, environmental factors, different photocatalyst types, and distinct parameters affecting PWS. Significant factors for achieving an efficient photocatalytic process under detrimental conditions, (e.g., strong light absorption, and synthesis of structures with a nanometer scale. Future research will focus on developing novel materials, investigating potential synthesis techniques, and improving existing high-energy raw materials. The endeavors aim is to enhance the efficiency of energy conversion, the absorption of radiation, and the coherence of physiochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Smart and Clean Energy, Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou 313001 P. R. China
| | - Sana Rauf
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 PR China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University Mansehra 21300 Pakistan
| | - Asif Hayat
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Majed M Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel A El-Zahhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Djamel Ghernaout
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il PO Box 2440 Ha'il 81441 Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Blida PO Box 270 Blida 09000 Algeria
| | - Yas Al-Hadeethi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Lithography in Devices Fabrication and Development Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Smart and Clean Energy, Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou 313001 P. R. China
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Ghosh A, Mukhopadhyay TK, Datta A. Computational Assessment of the Biocompatibility of Two-Dimensional g-C 3N 3 Toward Lipid Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8213-8227. [PMID: 38334725 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
One of the most recent additions to the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, graphitic C3N3 (g-C3N3), has been considered a viable contender for biomedical applications, although its potential toxicity remains elusive. We perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to decipher the interactions between model lipid membranes and g-C3N3 as a first step toward exploring the cytotoxicity induced at the nanoscale. We show that g-C3N3 can easily insert into the cellular membranes following a multistage mechanism consisting of simultaneous desolvation of the 2D material along with enrichment of nanomaterial-lipid interactions. Free energy calculations indicate that g-C3N3 is more stable in a membrane-bound state compared to an aqueous solution; however, the insertion of the material does not disturb the structural integrity of lipid membranes. After being inserted into a membrane, g-C3N3 is unlikely to be released into the cellular environment and is incapable of extracting lipid molecules from the membrane. The nature of interaction between the 2D material and membranes is found to be independent of the nanomaterial size. Also, the performance of g-C3N3 toward biomolecular delivery is shown to be significantly improved compared to the state-of-the-art 2D materials graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). It is revealed that, the affinity of g-C3N3 toward lipid membranes is weaker compared to the nanotoxic graphene and h-BN, while being marginally higher than h2D-C2N, which in turn, increases the biocompatibility of the material, thereby brightening its future as a noncytotoxic material for forthcoming biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Titas Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
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Nguyen TKA, Trần-Phú T, Ta XMC, Truong TN, Leverett J, Daiyan R, Amal R, Tricoli A. Understanding Structure-Activity Relationship in Pt-loaded g-C 3 N 4 for Efficient Solar- Photoreforming of Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic and Hydrogen Production. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300427. [PMID: 37712209 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Coupling the hydrogen evolution reaction with plastic waste photoreforming provides a synergistic path for simultaneous production of green hydrogen and recycling of post-consumer products, two major enablers for establishment of a circular economy. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is a promising photocatalyst due to its suitable optoelectronic and physicochemical properties, and inexpensive fabrication. Herein, a mechanistic investigation of the structure-activity relationship of g-C3 N4 for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) photoreforming is reported by carefully controlling its fabrication from a subset of earth-abundant precursors, such as dicyandiamide, melamine, urea, and thiourea. These findings reveal that melamine-derived g-C3 N4 with 3 wt.% Pt has significantly higher performance than alternative derivations, achieving a maximum hydrogen evolution rate of 7.33 mmolH2 gcat -1 h-1 , and simultaneously photoconverting PET into valuable organic products including formate, glyoxal, and acetate, with excellent stability for over 30 h of continuous production. This is attributed to the higher crystallinity and associated chemical resistance of melamine-derived g-C3 N4 , playing a major role in stabilization of its morphology and surface properties. These new insights on the role of precursors and structural properties in dictating the photoactivity of g-C3 N4 set the foundation for the further development of photocatalytic processes for combined green hydrogen production and plastic waste reforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Science, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thành Trần-Phú
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Science, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xuan Minh Chau Ta
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Science, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thien N Truong
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Josh Leverett
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Science, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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15
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Tang R, Wang H, Dong X, Zhang L, Sun Y, Dong F. Selectivity regulation of CO 2 photoreduction via the electron configuration of active sites on single-atom photocatalysts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:243-252. [PMID: 37944372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The major challenge in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is to achieve high conversion efficiency while maintaining selectivity for a single product. Photocatalysts containing single-metal Cu2+ with 3d9 and Zn2+ with 3d10 on g-C3N4 were prepared using a high-energy ball mill. Single-atom Zn inner electron configuration is stable (3d10) and the peripheral empty orbitals act as electron traps to trap photo-generated electrons and improve the efficiency of charge separation; Zn is an active site to enhance the adsorption and activation of CO2. The stable electron configuration can reduce the energy required for the overall reaction and increase the activity while changing the reaction pathway to form CO. As a result, the 0.5 mol% Zn/g-C3N4 (Zn-CN-0.5) photocatalyst achieves ∼100 % selectivity for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO at a rate of ∼21.1 μmol·g-1·h-1. In contrast, the 0.5 mol% Cu/g-C3N4 (Cu-CN-0.5) photocatalyst with an unstable electronic structure does not exhibit high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Tang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Functional Development and Application of High Performance Special Textile Materials, Chengdu Textile College, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xing'an Dong
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE(2)), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China.
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16
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Zhang K, Song R, Wu N, Wang Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Wang L, Xing J. Enhancing the Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence of Graphitic Carbon Nitride via Atomic and Molecular Co-modification. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:925-932. [PMID: 38241479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) materials exhibit attractive optoelectronic physical properties; however, their low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) limit their applications in luminescent devices. Here, boron-doped aromatic carbon nitride (B-PhCNx) was synthesized for the first time via direct thermal polymerization of 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine and boric acid. The impact of B doping and phenyl modifying on the structural and optical characteristics of the samples was investigated in detail. The highest PLQY of 40.7% was achieved in B-PhCN20, which is 6.8 times that of pristine carbon nitride (p-CN). The B-PhCN20-based light-emitting diode demonstrates a maximum luminance of 1494 cd m-2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.03%, which are 3.5 and 4.9 times that of the p-CN-based device, respectively. Our findings will provide a reference for rationally designing low-cost and high-performance carbon-nitride-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilei Chen
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
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17
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Ma L, Lin C, Jiang W, Yan S, Jiang H, Song X, Ai X, Cao X, Ding Y. Achieving Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution through the Construction of g-C 3N 4@PdS@Pt Nanocomposites. Molecules 2024; 29:493. [PMID: 38276572 PMCID: PMC11154439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective supported catalysts have emerged as a promising approach to enhance carrier separation, particularly in the realm of photocatalytic hydrogen production. Herein, a pioneering exploration involves the loading of PdS and Pt catalyst onto g-C3N4 nanosheets to construct g-C3N4@PdS@Pt nanocomposites. The photocatalytic activity of nanocomposites was evaluated under visible light and full spectrum irradiation. The results show that g-C3N4@PdS@Pt nanocomposites exhibit excellent properties. Under visible light irradiation, these nanocomposites exhibit a remarkable production rate of 1289 μmol·g-1·h-1, marking a staggering 60-fold increase compared to g-C3N4@Pt (20.9 μmol·g-1·h-1). Furthermore, when subjected to full spectrum irradiation, the hydrogen production efficiency of g-C3N4@PdS@Pt-3 nanocomposites reaches an impressive 11,438 μmol·g-1·h-1, representing an eightfold enhancement compared to g-C3N4@Pt (1452 μmol·g-1·h-1) under identical conditions. Detailed investigations into the microstructure and optical properties of g-C3N4@PdS catalysts were conducted, shedding light on the mechanisms governing photocatalytic hydrogen production. This study offers valuable insights into the potential of these nanocomposites and their pivotal role in advancing photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Ma
- School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (W.J.); (S.Y.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Y.D.)
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (W.J.); (S.Y.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Y.D.)
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (W.J.); (S.Y.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shun Yan
- School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (W.J.); (S.Y.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Y.D.)
| | - Huilin Jiang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (W.J.); (S.Y.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiang Song
- School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (W.J.); (S.Y.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiaoqian Ai
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Basic Education Big Data Application, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, China;
| | - Xiaoxiao Cao
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Basic Education Big Data Application, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, China;
| | - Yihuan Ding
- School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (W.J.); (S.Y.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Y.D.)
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18
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Zheng A, Xie S, Li K, Zhang C, Shi H. Performance and mechanism investigation on the enhanced photocatalytic removal of atrazine on S-doped g-C 3N 4. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140663. [PMID: 37952824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient method for removing low-concentration atrazine, a poisonous chlorinated triazine herbicide with poor biodegradability, was an important measure to control its risk. In this work, highly efficient photocatalytic oxidation of atrazine was achieved on S-doped g-C3N4 (S-g-C3N4). Approximate 99.6% of atrazine was removed in 2 h with a reaction rate constant of 2.76 h-1, nearly 2.44 times that on g-C3N4. The mechanism investigation indicated the improved photocatalytic performance of S-g-C3N4 could be attributed to the enlarged specific surface area, extended light absorption as well as the accelerated separation of the photogenerated charge carriers, which was brought about by the successful doping of sulfur in g-C3N4. Meanwhile, the influence of sulfur doping on the generation and contribution of different reactive species in atrazine removal were also elucidated. It revealed that compared with g-C3N4, the more positive valence band potential of S-g-C3N4 was beneficial to produce more singlet oxygen, which could react synergistically with the superoxide radicals, leading to the improved atrazine removal efficiency. The S-g-C3N4 based photocatalytic system also showed preferential photocatalytic oxidation capability in removing other triazine pesticides compared with 3-chlorophenol (3-CP). The potential applicability of the S-g-C3N4 based photocatalytic system in removing atrazine in high salty water was also investigated, which exhibited superior anti-interference ability towards virous coexistent ions. This work will provide essential and fundamental information for establishing efficient photocatalytic system for triazine type pollutants in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siqi Xie
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kewang Li
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huijie Shi
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Tufail S, Sherwani MA, Shamim Z, Abdullah, Goh KW, Alomary MN, Ansari MA, Almosa AA, Ming LC, Abdullah ADI, Khan FB, Menhali AA, Mirza S, Ayoub MA. 2D nanostructures: Potential in diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116070. [PMID: 38163396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have garnered enormous attention seemingly due to their unusual architecture and properties. Graphene and graphene oxide based 2D nanomaterials remained the most sought after for several years but the quest to design superior 2D nanomaterials which can find wider application gave rise to development of non-graphene 2D materials as well. Consequently, in addition to graphene based 2D nanomaterials, 2D nanostructures designed using macromolecules (such as DNAs, proteins, peptides and peptoids), transition metal dichalcogenides, transition-metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXene), black phosphorous, chitosan, hexagonal boron nitrides, and graphitic carbon nitride, and covalent organic frameworks have been developed. Interestingly, these 2D nanomaterials have found applications in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although AD is one of the most debilitating neurodegenerative conditions across the globe; unfortunately, there remains a paucity of effective diagnostic and/or therapeutic intervention for it till date. In this scenario, nanomaterial-based biosensors, or therapeutics especially 2D nanostructures are emerging to be promising in this regard. This review summarizes the diagnostic and therapeutic platforms developed for AD using 2D nanostructures. Collectively, it is worth mentioning that these 2D nanomaterials would seemingly provide an alternative and intriguing platform for biomedical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Tufail
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | - Zahid Shamim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Almosa
- Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute, King AbdulAziz City of Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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20
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Sun R, Liu P, Dong Y, Yang Q, Ma Y. A dual-mode green emissive fluorescent probe for real-time detection of doxycycline in milk using a smartphone sensing platform. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6551-6560. [PMID: 37997770 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01850d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Real-time quantitative analysis of tetracyclines is urgently needed to provide consumers with early warning of potential risks. Herein, we report a dual-mode green emissive fluorescent probe, which refers to the liquid mode and the solid mode of electrospun films doped with nitride-doped carbon nanosheets (NCNSs) for real-time detection of doxycycline (DOX). Highly fluorescent NCNSs were prepared by low-temperature solid treatment of urea and sodium citrate. With the addition of DOX, the green emission intensity of NCNSs at 475 nm can be obviously reduced. Method validation exhibited a good linear relationship in 0.05-150 μM between the fluorescence quenching of NCNSs and the concentration of DOX with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0127 μM. Furthermore, the immobilization of NCNSs in PAN carriers forming electrospun films stabilizes the green fluorescence of NCNSs. Additionally, electrospun films integrated into a smartphone were developed for real-time detection of DOX with LOD of 0.285 μM. Additionally, DOX in milk was monitored with satisfactory recoveries. Therefore, the integration of the smartphone and electrospun film provides a promising and convenient method for real-time identification of DOX in food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingjia Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingli Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongchao Ma
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Ali B, Siddique SA, Ahmed Siddique MB, Ullah S, Ali MA, Rauf A, Kamran MA, Arshad M. Insight on the structural, electronic and optical properties of Zn, Ga-doped/dual-doped graphitic carbon nitride for visible-light applications. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108603. [PMID: 37633020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The density functional theory (DFT) was applied for the first time to study the doping and co-doping of Ga and Zn metals on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The doping of these metal impurities into g-C3N4 leads to a significant decrease in the bandgap energy. Moreover, the co-doping leads to even lower bandgap energy than either individual Zn or Ga-doped g-C3N4. The theoretical electronic and optical properties including the density of state (DOS), energy levels of the frontier orbital, excited state lifetime, and molecular electrostatic potential of the doped and co-doped g-C3N4 support their application in UV-visible light-based technologies. The quantum mechanical parameters (energy band gap, binding energy, exciton energy, softness, hardness) and dipole moment exhibit higher values (ranging from 1.36 to 4.94 D) compared to the bare g-C3N4 (0.29 D), indicating better solubility in the water solvent. The time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations showed absorption maxima in between the UV-Vis region (309-878 nm). Additionally, charge transfer characteristics, transition density matrix (TDM), excited state lifetime and light harvesting efficiency (LHE) were investigated. Overall, these theoretical studies suggest that doped and co-doped g-C3N4 are excellent candidates for electronic semiconductor devices, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Ali
- Department of Physics, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Ali Siddique
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif Ali
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
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22
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Kumar P, Singh G, Guan X, Lee J, Bahadur R, Ramadass K, Kumar P, Kibria MG, Vidyasagar D, Yi J, Vinu A. Multifunctional carbon nitride nanoarchitectures for catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7602-7664. [PMID: 37830178 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis is at the heart of modern-day chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and there is an urgent demand to develop metal-free, high surface area, and efficient catalysts in a scalable, reproducible and economic manner. Amongst the ever-expanding two-dimensional materials family, carbon nitride (CN) has emerged as the most researched material for catalytic applications due to its unique molecular structure with tunable visible range band gap, surface defects, basic sites, and nitrogen functionalities. These properties also endow it with anchoring capability with a large number of catalytically active sites and provide opportunities for doping, hybridization, sensitization, etc. To make considerable progress in the use of CN as a highly effective catalyst for various applications, it is critical to have an in-depth understanding of its synthesis, structure and surface sites. The present review provides an overview of the recent advances in synthetic approaches of CN, its physicochemical properties, and band gap engineering, with a focus on its exclusive usage in a variety of catalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution reactions, overall water splitting, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction reactions, pollutant degradation, and organocatalysis. While the structural design and band gap engineering of catalysts are elaborated, the surface chemistry is dealt with in detail to demonstrate efficient catalytic performances. Burning challenges in catalytic design and future outlook are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jangmee Lee
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rohan Bahadur
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Devthade Vidyasagar
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Zhang Q, Chen J, Che H, Liu B, Ao Y. n→π* Electron Transitions and Directional Charge Migration Synergistically Promoting O 2 Activation and Holes Utilization on Carbon Nitride for Efficiently Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Contaminants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302510. [PMID: 37323095 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stimulating electron transitions and promoting exciton dissociation are crucial for improving the photocatalytic performance of polymeric carbon nitride (CN) yet still challenging. Herein, a novel CN with C dopant and asymmetric structure (CC-UCN2 ) is ingeniously synthesized. The obtained CC-UCN2 not only reinforces the intrinsic π→π* electron transitions, but also successfully awakens additional n→π* electron transitions. Besides, charge centers dislocation caused by symmetry breaking induces a spontaneous polarized electric field, effectively breaking the constraints of Coulomb electrostatic interaction between electrons and holes and driving their directional migration. Along with the spatial separation of reduction and oxidation sites, CC-UCN2 shows exceptional O2 activation and holes oxidation efficiency, thus exhibits a high degradation rate constant (0.201 min-1 ) and mineralization rate (80.1%) for bisphenol A (BPA)(far outperforming pristine and other modified CNs). This work proposes a novel perspective for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts and comprehending the underlying mechanism of O2 activation and holes oxidation for pollutant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Huinan Che
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
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24
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Genoux A, Pauly M, Rooney CL, Choi C, Shang B, McGuigan S, Fataftah MS, Kayser Y, Suhr SCB, DeBeer S, Wang H, Maggard PA, Holland PL. Well-Defined Iron Sites in Crystalline Carbon Nitride. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20739-20744. [PMID: 37703184 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride materials can be hosts for transition metal sites, but Mössbauer studies on iron complexes in carbon nitrides have always shown a mixture of environments and oxidation states. Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of a crystalline carbon nitride with stoichiometric iron sites that all have the same environment. The material (formula C6N9H2Fe0.4Li1.2Cl, abbreviated PTI/FeCl2) is derived from reacting poly(triazine imide)·LiCl (PTI/LiCl) with a low-melting FeCl2/KCl flux, followed by anaerobic rinsing with methanol. X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopies, and SQUID magnetometry indicate that there are tetrahedral high-spin iron(II) sites throughout the material, all having the same geometry. The material is active for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia, with a production rate of ca. 0.1 mmol cm-2 h-1 and Faradaic efficiency of ca. 80% at -0.80 V vs RHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Genoux
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Magnus Pauly
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Conor L Rooney
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Chungseok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Bo Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Scott McGuigan
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Majed S Fataftah
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yves Kayser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Simon C B Suhr
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Paul A Maggard
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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25
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Balakrishnan A, Chinthala M. Effective sequestration of tetracycline from aqueous streams using metal-free chemically functionalized porous g-C 3N 4. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122057. [PMID: 37394052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The facile preparation of visible-light-driven low-cost photocatalysts with extraordinary catalytic activity is highly beneficial in treating emerging pharmaceutical contaminants. Herein, oxalic acid-induced chemically functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (OCN) was prepared using a one-pot calcination method for the degradation of tetracycline. The estimated structural, morphological, and optical properties proved the formation of highly porous oxalic acid functionalized g-C3N4 (OCN) with enhanced surface area and abundant amino groups. The photocatalytic degradation studies reported a maximum tetracycline removal of 92% within 90 min of visible light illumination and followed pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.03068min-1). The phenomenal photocatalytic efficacy of the functionalized OCN is ascribed to the increased presence of amino groups, strengthening visible light absorption. The enriched surface area also generated many active sites for the reclamation of tetracycline. The radicals trapping studies show that holes and superoxides are mainly responsible for the redemption of tetracycline. The degradation pathways of the tetracycline using OCN were predicted using HRMS. This study provides more insights into the reclamation of tetracycline using a highly efficient metal-free photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Balakrishnan
- Process Intensification Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Mahendra Chinthala
- Process Intensification Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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26
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Wang C, Xiao H, Lu Y, Lv J, Yuan Z, Cheng J. Regulation of Polymerization Kinetics to Improve Crystallinity of Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300361. [PMID: 37139577 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride (CN) polymers exhibit tunable and fascinating physicochemical properties and are thus an essential class of photocatalytic materials with potential applications. Although significant progress has been made in the fabrication of CN, the preparation of metal-free crystalline CN via a straightforward method remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we describe a new attempt to synthesize crystalline carbon nitride (CCN) with a well-developed structure through regulation of the polymerization kinetics. The synthetic process involves the pre-polymerization of melamine to remove most of the ammonia and further calcination of the pre-heated melamine in the presence of copper oxide as an ammonia absorbent. Copper oxide can decompose the ammonia produced by the polymerization process, thereby promoting the reaction. These conditions facilitate the polycondensation process while avoiding carbonization of the polymeric backbone at high temperatures. Owing to the high crystallinity, nanosheet structure, and efficient charge-carrier transmission capacity, the as-prepared CCN catalyst shows much higher photocatalytic activity than its counterparts. Our study provides a novel strategy for the rational design and synthesis of high-performance carbon nitride photocatalysts by simultaneously optimizing polymerization kinetics and crystallographic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 35002, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yichun Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhui Yuan
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 35002, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
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27
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He T, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhao J, Shi H, Yang H, Yang P. Aggregation-Induced Structural Symmetry Breaking Promotes Charge Separation for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300500. [PMID: 37078981 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, organic semiconductors have received much attention in the field of photocatalysis due to their tunable physicochemical properties. However, organic semiconductor photocatalysts typically suffer from severe charge recombination due to high exciton binding energy. Herein, we found that aggregation of pyrene results in a red-shift of the light absorption from UV to visible light region. Importantly, the aggregation can induce dipole polarization by spontaneous structural symmetry breaking, thus significantly accelerating the separation and transfer of charge carriers. As a result, the pyrene aggregates display enhanced hydrogen photosynthesis activity. Furthermore, the noncovalent interactions allow rational design of physicochemical and electronic properties of pyrene aggregates, further strengthening the charge separation and photocatalytic activity of aggregates. The quantum yield of pyrene aggregates for hydrogen production highly reaches 20.77 % at 400 nm. Moreover, we have also observed pyrene analogues (1-hydroxypyrene, 1-nitropyrene and perylene) after aggregation all display large dipole moments induced by structural symmetry breaking and therefore accelerate the separation of charge carriers, confirming its general principle. This work highlights the achievement of using aggregation-induced structural symmetry breaking to enable the separation and transfer of charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Ya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Jianghong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Hu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Pengju Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
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28
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Ghasemzadeh MS, Ahmadpour A. Design and synthesis of high performance magnetically separable exfoliated g-C 3N 4/γ-Fe 2O 3/ZnO yolk-shell nanoparticles: a novel and eco-friendly photocatalyst toward removal of organic pollutants from water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80162-80180. [PMID: 37294493 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new visible-light active exfoliated g-C3N4/γ-Fe2O3/ZnO yolk-shell nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized as a magnetically separable photocatalyst. For an in-depth understanding of the magnetic photocatalyst's structural, morphological, and optical properties, the products were extensively characterized with FT-IR, XRD, TEM, HRTEM, FESEM, EDS, EDS-mapping, VSM, DRS, EIS, and photocurrent. The photocatalyst was then utilized to degrade Levofloxacin (LEVO) and Indigo Carmine (IC) by visible light at room temperature. The exfoliated g-C3N4/γ-Fe2O3/ZnO yolk-shell NPs photocatalyst revealed 80% and 95.6% degradation efficiency for Levofloxacin and Indigo Carmine within 25 and 15 min, respectively. In addition, the optimal factors such as concentration, loading of photocatalyst, and pH were also assessed. Levofloxacin degradation mechanistic studies showed that electrons and holes significantly contribute to the photocatalytic process of photocatalyst degradation. In addition, after 5 times regeneration, exfoliated g-C3N4/γ-Fe2O3/ZnO yolk-shell NPs remained as an excellent magnetic photocatalyst for the eco-friendly degradation of Levofloxacin and Indigo Carmine (76% and 90%), respectively. The superior photocatalytic performance of exfoliated g-C3N4/γ-Fe2O3/ZnO yolk-shell nanoparticles (NPs) was mostly ascribed to the synergistic advantages of stronger visible light response, larger specific surface area, and the more effective separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. Based on these results, the highly effective magnetic photocatalyst achieved better results than numerous studied catalysts in the literature. The degradation of Levofloxacin and Indigo Carmine under environmentally friendly conditions can be achieved using exfoliated g-C3N4/γ-Fe2O3/ZnO yolk-shell NPs (V) as an efficient and green photocatalyst. The magnetic photocatalyst was characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic methods, revealing a spherical shape and particle size of 23 nm. Additionally, the magnetic photocatalyst could be separated from the reaction mixture by a magnet without significantly reducing its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sadat Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box, Mashhad, 91779-48944, Iran
- Industrial Catalysts, Adsorbents and Environment Lab., Oil and Gas Research Institute, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box, Mashhad, 91779-48944, Iran.
- Industrial Catalysts, Adsorbents and Environment Lab., Oil and Gas Research Institute, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran.
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29
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Sonia YK, Srivastav S, Meher SK. Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Induced Multifold Enhancement in Electrochemical Charge Storage of CoS-NiCo 2S 4 for All-Solid-State Hybrid Supercapacitors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37336781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the electro-microstructural physiognomics of electrode materials for applications in better efficiency supercapacitors, herein graphitic carbon nitride (GCN)-heterostructurized CoS-NiCo2S4 is designed using a controlled material growth synthesis procedure. The developed CoS-NiCo2S4/GCN possesses ample hydrophilicity, possible charge transfer between GCN and CoS-NiCo2S4, uniform phase distribution, and distinctive microstructural characteristics. The preliminary electrochemical studies in the three-electrode setup show GCN-induced lower charge transfer resistance and very unique Warburg profile corresponding to extremely low diffusion resistance in CoS-NiCo2S4/GCN as compared to pristine CoS-NiCo2S4. Furthermore, GCN is found to significantly induce surface-controlled (capacitive-type) charge storage and frequency-independent specific capacitance up to 10 Hz in CoS-NiCo2S4. Furthermore, the CoS-NiCo2S4||N-rGO and CoS-NiCo2S4/GCN||N-rGO all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor (ASSHSC) devices were fabricated using N-rGO as the negative electrode material, and the inducing effect of GCN on the supercapacitive charge storage performance of the devices is thoroughly studied. Results demonstrate that the mass specific capacitance and areal capacitance of CoS-NiCo2S4/GCN||N-rGO are ∼2 and ∼4 times more than those of the CoS-NiCo2S4||N-rGO ASSHSC device, respectively. Furthermore, the CoS-NiCo2S4/GCN||N-rGO offers more energy density, rate energy density, and additional charge-discharge durability (over ∼10,000 cycles) than the CoS-NiCo2S4||N-rGO ASSHSC device. The multifold performance improvement of CoS-NiCo2S4 with GCN heterostructurization is ascribed to GCN-induced supplemented porosity and pore widening, ionic nonstoichiometry (Ni2±δ, Co2±δ, and Co3±δ), wettability, integrated enhancement in the conductivity, and electroactive-ion accessibility in the CoS-NiCo2S4/GCN heterocomposite. The present study offers vital physicoelectrochemical insights toward the future development of low cost and high-performance electrode materials, and their implementation in high-rate and operationally stable all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor devices, for application in the next-generation front-line technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Sonia
- Materials Electrochemistry & Energy Storage Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Siddhant Srivastav
- Materials Electrochemistry & Energy Storage Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Meher
- Materials Electrochemistry & Energy Storage Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
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30
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Negro P, Cesano F, Casassa S, Scarano D. Combined DFT-D3 Computational and Experimental Studies on g-C 3N 4: New Insight into Structure, Optical, and Vibrational Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103644. [PMID: 37241276 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as one of the most promising solar-light-activated polymeric metal-free semiconductor photocatalysts due to its thermal physicochemical stability but also its characteristics of environmentally friendly and sustainable material. Despite the challenging properties of g-C3N4, its photocatalytic performance is still limited by the low surface area, together with the fast charge recombination phenomena. Hence, many efforts have been focused on overcoming these drawbacks by controlling and improving the synthesis methods. With regard to this, many structures including strands of linearly condensed melamine monomers, which are interconnected by hydrogen bonds, or highly condensed systems, have been proposed. Nevertheless, complete and consistent knowledge of the pristine material has not yet been achieved. Thus, to shed light on the nature of polymerised carbon nitride structures, which are obtained from the well-known direct heating of melamine under mild conditions, we combined the results obtained from XRD analysis, SEM and AFM microscopies, and UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopies with the data from the Density Functional Theory method (DFT). An indirect band gap and the vibrational peaks have been calculated without uncertainty, thus highlighting a mixture of highly condensed g-C3N4 domains embedded in a less condensed "melon-like" framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Negro
- Department of Chemistry and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino & INSTM-UdR Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Cesano
- Department of Chemistry and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino & INSTM-UdR Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Casassa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino & INSTM-UdR Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Domenica Scarano
- Department of Chemistry and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino & INSTM-UdR Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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31
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Gai Q, Ren S, Zheng X, Liu W. Enhanced plasmonic photocatalytic performance of C 3N 4/Cu by the introduction of a reduced graphene oxide interlayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:12754-12766. [PMID: 37128700 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01118f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cu nanoparticles (NPs) are low-cost surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) metal nanostructures, and their SPR properties can be used to enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of carbon nitride (C3N4). But their actual performance is usually limited, and one key factor is their poor interfacial quality. In this work, a highly conductive reduced graphene oxide (RGO) interlayer is introduced between protonated C3N4 (PCN) nanosheets and Cu NPs, which can act as an efficient sink for photogenerated electrons from C3N4 and hot electrons from Cu NPs, and simultaneously serve as reaction sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction, and accelerate the charge transport by the formed C-O-C and C-O-Cu bonds. The optimal hydrogen evolution rate of the optimized PCN/RGO/Cu is 1.30 mmol g-1 h-1, which is 6.76, 2.47 and 2.41 times that of PCN, PCN/RGO and PCN/Cu, respectively, and it can further reach up to 13.22 mmol g-1 h-1 by loading moderate Pt NPs. Meanwhile, the introduced RGO can effectively anchor Cu NPs to enhance the stability of the photocatalyst. In addition, due to the broad SPR response of Cu NPs, a near-infrared photocatalytic performance is realized for PCN/RGO/Cu with an apparent quantum efficiency of 0.46% at 765 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Gai
- Department of Optoelectronic Science, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, P. R. China.
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shoutian Ren
- Department of Optoelectronic Science, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Optoelectronic Science, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, P. R. China.
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Science, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, P. R. China.
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Shi W, Cao L, Shi Y, Zhong W, Chen Z, Wei Y, Guo F, Chen L, Du X. Boosted built-in electric field and active sites based on Ni-doped heptazine/triazine crystalline carbon nitride for achieving high-efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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33
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Nagata Y, Kukobat R, Furuse A, Otsuka H, Hayashi T, Kaneko K. Designed Production of Atomic-Scale Nanowindows in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5911-5916. [PMID: 37052535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The controlled production of nanowindows in graphene layers is desirable for the development of ultrathin membranes. Herein, we propose a single-atom catalytic oxidation method for introducing nanowindows into the graphene layers of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Using liquid-phase adsorption, copper(II) 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(octyloxy)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (CuPc) was adsorbed on SWCNT bundles at a surface coverage of 0.9. Subsequently, narrow nanowindows with a number density of 0.13 nm-2 were produced by oxidation above 550 K, which is higher than the decomposition temperature of bulk CuPc. In particular, oxidation of the CuPc-adsorbed SWCNTs at 623 K increased the surface area from 280 to 1690 m2 g-1 owing to the efficient production of nanowindows. The nanowindow size was estimated to be similar to the molecular size of N2 based on the pronounced low-pressure adsorption hysteresis in the N2 adsorption isotherm. In addition, the enthalpy change for the nanowindow-formation equilibrium decreased by 4 kJ mol-1 when CuPc was present, further evidencing the catalytic effect of the Cu atoms supplied by the adsorbed CuPc molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nagata
- Department of Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Kotobuki Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka 802-8540, Japan
| | - Radovan Kukobat
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Banja Luka, V. S. Stepanovica 73, Banja Luka 78000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ayumi Furuse
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Hayato Otsuka
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Department of Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kaneko
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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Zhong X, Zhu Y, Jiang M, Sun Q, Yao J. Photochemical Synthesis of Porous Triazine-/Heptazine-Based Carbon Nitride Homojunction for Efficient Overall Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202059. [PMID: 36647204 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Porous triazine-/heptazine-based carbon nitride (THCN) homojunction with chloride (Cl) doping was synthesized by a simple, one-step photochemical synthesis route for efficient visible-light-driven overall water splitting. The phase ratio of triazine-based carbon nitride (TCN) and heptazine-based carbon nitride (HCN), texture and morphology of the THCN isotype junction were finely tuned by varying ultraviolet irradiation time and washing solvents. After washing with acetonitrile, the resulting porous THCN nanosheets with 48 h irradiation contain 21 wt % TCN and 79 wt % HCN units and reveal a significantly improved photocatalytic performance with H2 and O2 production rates up to 7.9 and 4.2 μmol h-1 , respectively, about 3.8 times higher than that of THCN prepared by 36 h illumination. The dual-phase interaction, holey structure, and Cl dopants favor the exposure of active sites, extended visible-light harvesting, accelerated charge transfer, and enhanced photoreduction ability, thereby improving photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qiufan Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P. R. China
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35
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Gao F, Wang X, Cui WG, Liu Y, Yang Y, Sun W, Chen J, Liu P, Pan H. Topologically Porous Heterostructures for Photo/Photothermal Catalysis of Clean Energy Conversion. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201532. [PMID: 36813753 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a straightforward way to fix solar energy, photo/photothermal catalysis with semiconductor provides a promising way to settle the energy shortage and environmental crisis in many fields, especially in clean energy conversion. Topologically porous heterostructures (TPHs), featured with well-defined pores and mainly composed by the derivatives of some precursors with specific morphology, are a major part of hierarchical materials in photo/photothermal catalysis and provide a versatile platform to construct efficient photocatalysts for their enhanced light absorption, accelerated charges transfer, improved stability, and promoted mass transportation. Therefore, a comprehensive and timely review on the advantages and recent applications of the TPHs is of great importance to forecast the potential applications and research trend in the future. This review initially demonstrates the advantages of TPHs in photo/photothermal catalysis. Then the universal classifications and design strategies of TPHs are emphasized. Besides, the applications and mechanisms of photo/photothermal catalysis in hydrogen evolution from water splitting and COx hydrogenation over TPHs are carefully reviewed and highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of TPHs in photo/photothermal catalysis are also critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Gang Cui
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yaxiong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Hongge Pan
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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36
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Zhao WJ, Ma L, Zhang JM. Investigation on the photocatalytic property of direct Z-type van der Waals g-C3N4/AlN heterojunction and its mechanism. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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37
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Wang N, Cheng L, Liao Y, Xiang Q. Effect of Functional Group Modifications on the Photocatalytic Performance of g-C 3 N 4. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300109. [PMID: 36965084 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photocatalysis has received increasing attention in alleviating energy scarcity and environmental treatment, and graphite carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is used as an ideal photocatalyst. However, it still remains numerous challenges to obtain the desirable photocatalytic performance of intrinsic g-C3 N4 . Functional group functionalization, formed by introducing functional groups into the bulk structure, is one of the common modification techniques to modulate the carrier dynamics and increases the number of active sites, offering new opportunities to break the limits for structure-to-performance relationship of g-C3 N4 . Nevertheless, the general overview of the advance of functional group modification of g-C3 N4 is less reported yet. In order to better understand the structure-to-performance relationship at the molecular level, a review of the latest development of functional group modification is urgently needed. In this review, the functional group modification of g-C3 N4 in terms of structures, properties, and photocatalytic activity is mainly focused, as well as their mechanism of reaction from the molecular level insights is explained. Second, the recent progress of the application of introducing functional groups in g-C3 N4 is introduced and examples are given. Finally, the difficulties and challenges are presented, and based on this, an outlook on the future research development direction is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Quanjun Xiang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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38
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Wang P, Han X, Zheng X, Wang Z, Li C, Zhao Z. Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride by Photocatalysis Using Electrospun PAN Nanofibrous Membranes Coated with g-C3N4/Ti3C2/Ag3PO4. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062647. [PMID: 36985618 PMCID: PMC10057984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4, the g-C3N4/Ti3C2/Ag3PO4 S-type heterojunction catalyst was prepared by electrostatic assembly method, and then the g-C3N4/Ti3C2/Ag3PO4/PAN composite nanofiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning technology. The morphology and chemical properties of the nanofiber membrane were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD, and the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) in water by the nanofiber membrane was investigated. The results showed that g-C3N4/Ti3C2/Ag3PO4 could be successfully loaded on PAN and uniformly distributed on the surface of composite nanofiber membrane by electrospinning technology. Increasing the amount of loading and catalyst, lowering the pH value and TC concentration of the system were conducive to the oxidation and degradation of TC. The nano-fiber catalytic membrane had been recycled five times and found to have excellent photocatalytic stability and reusability. The study of catalytic mechanism showed that h+, •OH and •O2− were produced and participated in the oxidation degradation reaction of TC, and •O2− plays a major role in catalysis. Therefore, this work provides a new insight into the construction of high-performance and high-stability photocatalytic system by electrospinning technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Province College of Anhui Province College Key Laboratory of Textile Fabrics, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xianhong Zheng
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zongqian Wang
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Province College of Anhui Province College Key Laboratory of Textile Fabrics, Wuhu 241000, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiqi Zhao
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Z.Z.)
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39
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He Q, Yi Y, Shi W, Sun P, Dong X. Determination of the key role to affect the piezocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137828. [PMID: 36640979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been proved to possess intrinsic piezoelectricity and its two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets present piezocatalytic activity to produce hydrogen from water splitting and eliminate organic pollutants in wastewater. Specific surface area and piezoelectric polarization are of great significance to achieve high piezocatalytic activity, but it is difficult to simultaneously improve both of them. Herein, to reveal the dominant role in the piezocatalysis of g-C3N4, we investigated the effect of exfoliation level on the piezocatalytic activity for degrading tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Characterization results indicated that the specific surface area of the bulk g-C3N4 was much lower than those of exfoliated g-C3N4 samples due to the decrease of size and thickness. However, piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) examinations suggested the bulk g-C3N4 possessed the biggest piezoelectric polarization that gradually declined as increasing the exfoliation temperature. Through testing the piezocatalytic abatement of TC, the activity decline following the order of decrease in polarization was confirmed, which demonstrated the piezoelectric polarization was the dominant factor in the piezocatalysis of g-C3N4. This conclusion was also verified by the step-by-step performance decrease of the bulk g-C3N4 during the successive four piezocatalytic runs, where the ultrasound treatment promoted the delamination of g-C3N4. In addition, superoxide (·O2-) radical, hydroxyl (·OH) radical and polarized positive charge were determined to be main active species, and accordingly the bulk g-C3N4 had the highest ·OH and ·O2- concentrations, as well as the highest piezocurrent response. This work reveals the main role to affect the piezocatalytic performance of g-C3N4, and also provides a possible strategy to design piezocatalysts with optimized piezocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshen He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No.928, Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuyan Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No.928, Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Zhejiang Huachuan Industrial Group Co., Ltd., No.72, Huachuan South Road, Yiwu, 322003, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No.928, Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Postdoctoral Workstation, Zhejiang Huachuan Industrial Group Co., Ltd., No.72, Huachuan South Road, Yiwu, 322003, China.
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No.928, Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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40
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Ma Y, Lin L, Takata T, Hisatomi T, Domen K. A perspective on two pathways of photocatalytic water splitting and their practical application systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6586-6601. [PMID: 36789746 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05427b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting has been widely studied as a means of converting solar energy into hydrogen as an ideal energy carrier in the future. Systems for photocatalytic water splitting can be divided into one-step excitation and two-step excitation processes. The former uses a single photocatalyst while the latter uses a pair of photocatalysts to separately generate hydrogen and oxygen. Significant progress has been made in each type of photocatalytic water splitting system in recent years, although improving the solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency and constructing practical technologies remain important tasks. This perspective summarizes recent advances in the field of photocatalytic overall water splitting, with a focus on the design of photocatalysts, co-catalysts and reaction systems. The associated challenges and potential approaches to practical solar hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Ma
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
| | - Lihua Lin
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
| | - Takashi Hisatomi
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan. .,Office of University Professors, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-86556, Japan
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41
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Joseph M, Sadik N. K M, Remello SN, Haridas S, De S. Through Space Sigma Donation π Acceptor Assisted Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin on TCPP Supported g‐C
3
N
4. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merin Joseph
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi 682022 Kerala India
| | - Mohammed Sadik N. K
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi 682022 Kerala India
| | - Sebastian Nybin Remello
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi 682022 Kerala India
- Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi 682022 Kerala India
| | - Suja Haridas
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi 682022 Kerala India
- Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi 682022 Kerala India
| | - Susmita De
- Department of Chemistry University of Calicut Malappuram 673635 Kerala India
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42
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Pattanayak DS, Pal D, Mishra J, Thakur C. Noble metal-free doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) for efficient photodegradation of antibiotics: progress, limitations, and future directions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25546-25558. [PMID: 35469383 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is well recognised as one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic activities such as environmental remediation via organic pollution elimination. New methods of nanoscale structure design introduce tunable electrical characteristics and broaden their use as visible light-induced photocatalysts. This paper summarises the most recent developments in the design of g-C3N4 with element doping. Various methods of introducing metal and nonmetal elements into g-C3N4 have been investigated in order to simultaneously tune the material's textural and electronic properties to improve its response to the entire visible light range, facilitate charge separation, and extend charge carrier lifetime. The degradation of antibiotics is one of the application domains of such doped g-C3N4. We expect that this research will provide fresh insights into clear design methods for efficient photocatalysts that will solve environmental challenges in a sustainable manner. Finally, the problems and potential associated with g-C3N4-based nanomaterials are discussed. This review is expected to encourage the ongoing development of g-C3N4-based materials for greater efficiency in photocatalytic antibiotic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruti Sundar Pattanayak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India
| | - Dharm Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India.
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Chemistry (Environmental Science and Technology Program), ITER, Siksha'O'Anusandhan (Deemed to Be) University, Bhubaneswar, 751 030, Odisha, India
| | - Chandrakant Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India
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Liu Z, Ma J, Hong M, Sun R. Potassium and Sulfur Dual Sites on Highly Crystalline Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Biorefinery and CO 2 Reduction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiliang Ma
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Min Hong
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central Queensland 4300, Australia
| | - Runcang Sun
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Glažar D, Jerman I, Tomšič B, Chouhan RS, Simončič B. Emerging and Promising Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Textile Application Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride Heterostructure Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:408. [PMID: 36770371 PMCID: PMC9920882 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites constructed with heterostructures of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), silver (Ag), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for various environmental, energy, and clinical applications. In the field of textiles, Ag and TiO2 are already recognized as essential nanomaterials for the chemical surface and bulk modification of various textile materials, but the application of composites with g-C3N4 as a green and visible-light-active photocatalyst has not yet been fully established. This review provides an overview of the construction of Ag/g-C3N4, TiO2/g-C3N4, and Ag/TiO2/g-C3N4 heterostructures; the mechanisms of their photocatalytic activity; and the application of photocatalytic textile platforms in the photochemical activation of organic synthesis, energy generation, and the removal of various organic pollutants from water. Future prospects for the functionalization of textiles using g-C3N4-containing heterostructures with Ag and TiO2 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Glažar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Tomšič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova Cesta 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Simončič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Doping Engineering in Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Low‐Onset‐Potential Photoelectrochemical Applications. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Pandey S, Makhado E, Kim S, Kang M. Recent developments of polysaccharide based superabsorbent nanocomposite for organic dye contamination removal from wastewater - A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114909. [PMID: 36455632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the main problems with water pollution is dye contamination of rivers, industrial effluents, and water sources. It has endangered the world's sources of drinking water. Several remediation strategies have been carefully developed and tested to minimize this ominous picture. Due to their appealing practical and financial benefits, adsorption methods in particular are often listed as one of the most popular solutions to remediate dye-contaminated water. Biopolymer-based hydrogel nanocomposites are a cutting-edge class of materials with a wide range of applications that are effective in removing organic dyes from the environment. Since the incorporation of various materials into hydrogel matrices generated composite materials with distinct characteristics, these unique materials were often alluded to as ideal adsorbents. The fundamental emphasis of the conceptual and critical review of the literature in this research is the significant potential of hydrogel nanocomposites (HNCs) to remediate dye-contaminated water (especially for articles from the previous five years). The review also provides knowledge for the development of biopolymer-based HNCs, prospects, and opportunities for future research. It is also focused on optimum conditions for dye adsorption processes along with their adsorption kinetics and isotherm models. In summary, the information gained in this review research may contribute to a strengthened scientific rationale for the practical and efficient application of these novel adsorbent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Edwin Makhado
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mineral Sciences, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Misook Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Gu Y, Li S, Li M, Wang X, Liu Y, Shi K, Bai X, Yao Q, Wu Z, Yao H. Recent advances in g-C 3N 4-based photo-enzyme catalysts for degrading organic pollutants. RSC Adv 2023; 13:937-947. [PMID: 36686928 PMCID: PMC9811494 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, photocatalytic reactions have shown great potential in degrading organic pollutants because of their simple operation and no secondary pollution. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is one of the most frequently used photocatalyst materials in the field of photocatalysis because it is a form of photocatalytic material with facile synthesis, no metal, visible light response, and strong stability. Enzyme-catalyzed degradation has received extensive attention due to its broad selectivity, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), one of several oxidoreductases utilized for pollutant degradation, has a wide range of applications due to its mild reaction conditions and high stability. Exploring efficient platforms for immobilizing g-C3N4 and HRP to develop photo-enzyme-coupled catalysis is an attractive practical topic. The coupling effect of g-C3N4 and HRP improves the carrier separation efficiency and generates more active species, which finally realize the solar-driven non-selective destruction of organic pollutants. We describe the alteration of g-C3N4 and the immobilization of HRP in detail in this study, and we outline recent developments in the photo-enzyme coupling of g-C3N4 and HRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, College of Public Health and Management, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004P. R. China
| | - Siao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, College of Public Health and Management, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004P. R. China
| | - Mingming Li
- Urology Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, College of Public Health and Management, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, College of Public Health and Management, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004P. R. China
| | - Keren Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, College of Public Health and Management, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004P. R. China
| | - Qing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, College of Public Health and Management, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal UniversityGuyuan 756000P. R. China
| | - Huiqin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, College of Public Health and Management, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004P. R. China
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Shahini E, Shankar K, Tang T. Liquid-phase exfoliation of graphitic carbon nitrides studied by molecular dynamics simulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:900-910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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EDTA-enhanced photocatalytic oxygen reduction on K-doped g-C3N4 with N-vacancies for efficient non-sacrificial H2O2 synthesis. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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50
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Tang R, Wang H, Dong X, Zhang S, Zhang L, Dong F. A ball milling method for highly dispersed Ni atoms on g-C3N4 to boost CO2 photoreduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:290-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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