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Cosentino F, Michenzi C, Di Noi A, Salvitti C, Pepi F, de Petris G, Chiarotto I, Troiani A. Photo-activated Carbon dots (CDs) as Catalysts in the Knoevenagel Condensation: A Mechanistic Study by Dual-Mode Monitoring via ESI-MS. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400174. [PMID: 38771069 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) obtained from 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF) were activated by a 365 nm-UV irradiation source and employed in the Knoevenagel condensation to investigate their photocatalytic mechanism. To this end, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to monitor the time progress of the condensation and follow the formation of the final product in positive and negative ion modes at once. The intervention of the superoxide radical anion in the photocatalytic mechanism of CDs was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cosentino
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Michenzi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Noi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Salvitti
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Federico Pepi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Troiani
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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2
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Beck PS, Leitão AG, Santana YB, Correa JR, Rodrigues CVS, Machado DFS, Matos GDR, Ramos LM, Gatto CC, Oliveira SCC, Andrade CKZ, Neto BAD. Revisiting Biginelli-like reactions: solvent effects, mechanisms, biological applications and correction of several literature reports. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3630-3651. [PMID: 38652003 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00272e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study critically reevaluates reported Biginelli-like reactions using a Kamlet-Abboud-Taft-based solvent effect model. Surprisingly, structural misassignments were discovered in certain multicomponent reactions, leading to the identification of pseudo three-component derivatives instead of the expected MCR adducts. Attempts to replicate literature conditions failed, prompting reconsideration of the described MCRs and proposed mechanisms. Electrospray ionization (tandem) mass spectrometry, NMR, melting points, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray analysis exposed inaccuracies in reported MCRs and allowed for the proposition of a complete catalytic cycle. Biological investigations using both pure and "contaminated" derivatives revealed distinctive features in assessed bioassays. A new cellular action mechanism was unveiled for a one obtained pseudo three-component adduct, suggesting similarity with the known dihydropyrimidinone Monastrol as Eg5 inhibitors, disrupting mitosis by forming monoastral mitotic spindles. Docking studies and RMSD analyses supported this hypothesis. The findings described herein underscore the necessity for a critical reexamination and potential corrections of structural assignments in several reports. This work emphasizes the significance of rigorous characterization and critical evaluation in synthetic chemistry, urging a careful reassessment of reported synthesis and biological activities associated with these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S Beck
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Arthur G Leitão
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Yasmin B Santana
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - José R Correa
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Carime V S Rodrigues
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel F S Machado
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme D R Matos
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Luciana M Ramos
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Anápolis, Goiás, 75001-970, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Gatto
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Sarah C C Oliveira
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Allelopathy, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Z Andrade
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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3
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Multem AJ, Tripodi GL, Roithová J. Properties of Metal Hydrides of the Iron Triad. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27555-27562. [PMID: 38059367 PMCID: PMC10740003 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal hydride complexes are essential intermediates in hydrogenation reactions. The hydride-donor ability determines the scope of use of these complexes. We present a new, simple mass-spectrometry method to study the hydride-donor ability of metal hydrides using a series of 18 iron, cobalt, and nickel complexes with N- and P-based ligands (L). The mixing of [(L)MII(OTf)2] with NaBH4 forms [(L)MII(BH4)]+ (M = Fe, Co, Ni) that can be detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Energy-resolved collision-induced dissociations of [(L)MII(BH4)]+ provide threshold energies (ΔECID) for the formations of [(L)MII(H)]+ that correlate well with the hydride donor ability of the metal hydride complexes. We studied the vibrational and electronic spectra of the generated metal hydrides, assigned their structure and spin state, and demonstrated a good correlation between ΔECID and the M-H stretching vibration frequencies. The ΔECID also correlates with reaction rates for hydride transfer reactivity in the gas phase and known reactivity trends in the solution phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie J.
H. Multem
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis,
Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud
University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guilherme L. Tripodi
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis,
Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud
University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis,
Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud
University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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4
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Mollar-Cuni A, Ibáñez-Ibáñez L, Guisado-Barrios G, Mata JA, Vicent C. Introducing Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry to Identify Site-Selective C-H Bond Activation in N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2291-2300. [PMID: 36374280 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The activation of C-H bonds in a selective manner still constitutes a major challenge from a synthetic point of view; thus, it remains an active area of fundamental and applied research. Herein, we introduce ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry-based (IM-MS) approaches to uncover site-selective C-H bond activation in a series of metal complexes of general formula [(NHC)LMCl]+ (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene; L = pentamethylcyclopentadiene (Cp*) or p-cymene; M = Pd, Ru, and Ir). The C-H bond activation at the N-bound groups of the NHC ligand is promoted upon collision induced dissociation (CID). The identification of the resulting [(NHC-H)LM]+ isomers relies on the distinctive topology that such cyclometalated isomers adopt upon site-selective C-H bond activation. Such topological differences can be reliably evidenced as different mobility peaks in their respective CID-IM mass spectra. Alternative isomers are also identified via dehydrogenation at the Cp*/p-cymene (L) ligands to afford [(NHC)(L-H)M]+. The fragmentation of the ion mobility-resolved peaks is also investigated by CID-IM-CID. It enables the assignment of mobility peaks to the specific isomers formed from C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H bond activation and distinguishes them from the Cp*/p-cymene (L) dehydrogenation isomers. The conformational change of the NHC ligands upon C-H bond activation, concomitant with cyclometalation, is also discussed on the basis of the estimated collision cross section (CCS). A unique conformation change of the pyrene-tagged NHC members is identified that involves the reorientation of the NHC ring accompanied by a folding of the pyrene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Mollar-Cuni
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Laura Ibáñez-Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Gregorio Guisado-Barrios
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose A Mata
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Cristian Vicent
- Serveis Centrals d'Intrumentació Científica (SCIC). Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071Castellón, Spain
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5
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Hilgers R, Yong Teng S, Briš A, Pereverzev AY, White P, Jansen JJ, Roithová J. Monitoring Reaction Intermediates to Predict Enantioselectivity Using Mass Spectrometry**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205720. [PMID: 35561144 PMCID: PMC9544535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective reactions are at the core of chemical synthesis. Their development mostly relies on prior knowledge, laborious product analysis and post‐rationalization by theoretical methods. Here, we introduce a simple and fast method to determine enantioselectivities based on mass spectrometry. The method is based on ion mobility separation of diastereomeric intermediates, formed from a chiral catalyst and prochiral reactants, and delayed reactant labeling experiments to link the mass spectra with the reaction kinetics in solution. The data provide rate constants along the reaction paths for the individual diastereomeric intermediates, revealing the origins of enantioselectivity. Using the derived kinetics, the enantioselectivity of the overall reaction can be predicted. Hence, this method can offer a rapid discovery and optimization of enantioselective reactions in the future. We illustrate the method for the addition of cyclopentadiene (CP) to an α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde catalyzed by a diarylprolinol silyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelant Hilgers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry Wageningen University & Research Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Sin Yong Teng
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Anamarija Briš
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr Y. Pereverzev
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. Jansen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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6
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Fey N, Lynam JM. Computational mechanistic study in organometallic catalysis: Why prediction is still a challenge. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol UK
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7
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Chen X, Xiong Z, Yang M, Gong Y. Gas-phase synthesis and structure of thorium benzyne complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7018-7021. [PMID: 35638532 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02057b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thorium benzyne complex (η2-C6H4)ThCl3- was synthesized in the gas phase through consecutive decarboxylation and dehydrochlorination from the (C6H5CO2)ThCl4- precursor upon collision-induced dissociation. Theoretical calculations suggest that (η2-C6H4)ThCl3- exhibits a metallacyclopropene structure with two polarized Th-Cbenzyne σ bonds. This procedure can be generally extended to the synthesis of a wide range of gas-phase thorium benzyne complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Chen
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
| | - Zhixin Xiong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China. .,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meixian Yang
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China. .,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
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8
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Hilgers R, Teng SY, Bris A, White P, Jansen J, Roithová J. Monitoring Reaction Intermediates to Predict Enantioselectivity Using Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roelant Hilgers
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis NETHERLANDS
| | - Sin Yong Teng
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Department of Chemometrics NETHERLANDS
| | - Anamarija Bris
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis NETHERLANDS
| | - Paul White
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis NETHERLANDS
| | - Jeroen Jansen
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Department of Chemometrics NETHERLANDS
| | - Jana Roithová
- Radboud University Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen NETHERLANDS
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9
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Hui C, Antonchick AP. Iodonitrene: a direct metal-free electrophilic aminating reagent. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00739h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodonitrene is a new type of reactive electrophilic aminating reagent that opens up opportunities for new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
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10
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Carlo MJ, Patrick AL. Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and its potential for the clinical laboratory. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2022; 23:14-25. [PMID: 34993503 PMCID: PMC8713122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy is a powerful tool used to probe the vibrational modes-and, by extension, the structure-of an ion within an ion trap mass spectrometer. Compared to traditional FTIR spectroscopy, IRMPD spectroscopy has advantages including its sensitivity and its relative ability to handle complex mixtures. While IRMPD has historically been a technique for fundamental analyses, it is increasingly being applied in a more analytical fashion. Notable recent demonstrations pertinent to the clinical laboratory and adjacent interests include analysis of modified amino acids/residues and carbohydrates, structural elucidation (including isomeric differentiation) of metabolites, identification of novel illicit drugs, and structural studies of various biomolecules and pharmaceuticals. Improvements in analysis time, coupling to commercial instruments, and integration with separations methods are all drivers toward the realization of these analytical applications. Additional improvements in these areas, along with advances in benchtop tunable IR sources and increased cross-discipline collaboration, will continue to drive innovation and widespread adoption. The goal of this tutorial article is to briefly present the fundamentals and instrumentation of IRMPD spectroscopy, as an overview of the utility of this technique for helping to answer questions relevant to clinical analysis, and to highlight limitations to widespread adoption, as well as promising directions in which the field may be heading.
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Key Words
- 2-AEP, 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid
- 2P1EA, 2-phenyl-1-ethanolamine
- CIVP, cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation spectroscopy
- CLIO, Centre Laser Infrarouge d’Orsay
- DFT, density functional theory
- FA, fluoroamphetamine
- FEL, free electron laser
- FELIX, Free Electron Laser for Infrared eXperiments
- FMA, fluoromethamphetamine
- FTICR, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance
- GC–MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- GSNO, S- nitro glutathione
- GlcNAc, n-Acetylglucosamine
- IR, infrared
- IR2MS3, infrared-infrared double-resonance multi-stage mass spectrometry
- IRMPD, infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD)
- IRMPD-MS, infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy mass spectrometry
- IRPD, infrared predissociation spectroscopy
- IVR, intramolecular vibrational redistribution
- Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy
- LC, liquid chromatography
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- MDA, methylenedioxyamphetamine
- MDMA, methylenedioxymethamphetamine
- MMC, methylmethcathinone
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- MSn, multi-stage mass spectrometry
- Mass spectrometry
- Metabolites
- NANT, N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan
- OPO/A, optical parametric oscillator/amplifier
- PTM, post-translational modification
- Pharmaceuticals
- Post-translational modifications
- SNOCys, S-nitrosocysteine
- UV, ultraviolet
- UV-IR, ultraviolet-infrared
- Vibrational spectroscopy
- cw, continuous wave
- α-PVP, alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Carlo
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Amanda L. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Goryainov SV, Esparza C, Kulikova LN, Borisova AR, Kumandin PA, Antonova AS, Rystsova EO, Oshakbaev MT, Omarova GT, Polovkov NY. DART Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Organometallic Complexes. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821130049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Andresini M, Tota A, Degennaro L, Bull JA, Luisi R. Synthesis and Transformations of NH-Sulfoximines. Chemistry 2021; 27:17293-17321. [PMID: 34519376 PMCID: PMC9291533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a marked increase in the occurrence of sulfoximines in the chemical sciences, often presented as valuable motifs for medicinal chemistry. This has been prompted by both pioneering works taking sulfoximine containing compounds into clinical trials and the concurrent development of powerful synthetic methods. This review covers recent developments in the synthesis of sulfoximines concentrating on developments since 2015. This includes extensive developments in both S-N and S-C bond formations. Flow chemistry processes for sulfoximine synthesis are also covered. Finally, subsequent transformations of sulfoximines, particularly in N-functionalization are reviewed, including N-S, N-P, N-C bond forming processes and cyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andresini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug SciencesUniversity of Bari “A. Moro”Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug SciencesUniversity of Bari “A. Moro”Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug SciencesUniversity of Bari “A. Moro”Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug SciencesUniversity of Bari “A. Moro”Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
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13
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Iazzetti A, Mazzoccanti G, Bencivenni G, Righi P, Calcaterra A, Villani C, Ciogli A. Primary Amine Catalyzed Activation of Carbonyl Compounds: A Study on Reaction Pathways and Reactive Intermediates by Mass Spectrometry. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Iazzetti
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences Intensivological and perioperative clinics Catholic University of Sacred Heart L. go F. Vito 1 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technology Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Giorgio Bencivenni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Paolo Righi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technology Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technology Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technology Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
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14
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O'Hair RAJ. ORGANOMETALLIC GAS-PHASE ION CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS: INSIGHTS INTO THE USE OF METAL CATALYSTS TO PROMOTE SELECTIVITY IN THE REACTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:782-810. [PMID: 32965774 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are valuable organic substrates as they are widely available, easy to handle, and exhibit structural and functional variety. While they are used in many standard synthetic protocols, over the past two decades numerous studies have explored new modes of metal-mediated reactivity of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Mass spectrometry-based studies can provide fundamental mechanistic insights into these new modes of reactivity. Here gas-phase models for the following catalytic transformations of carboxylic acids and their derivatives are reviewed: protodecarboxylation; dehydration; decarbonylation; reaction as coordinated bases in C-H bond activation; remote functionalization and decarboxylative C-C bond coupling. In each case the catalytic problem is defined, insights from gas-phase studies are highlighted, comparisons with condensed-phase systems are made and perspectives are reached. Finally, the potential role for mechanistic studies that integrate both gas- and condensed-phase studies is highlighted by recent studies on the discovery of new catalysts for the selective decomposition of formic acid and the invention of the new extrusion-insertion class of reactions for the synthesis of amides, thioamides, and amidines. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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15
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Mass spectrometry investigation of nucleoside adducts of fatty acid hydroperoxides from oxidation of linolenic and linoleic acids. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462236. [PMID: 34038777 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The widespread presence of lipid hydroperoxides in foodstuffs and biological samples has aroused great attentions in recent years, while it remains challenging for analysis of the fragility of O - O bond linkage of peroxides. In this present study, we explored the utility of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for characterization of two fatty acid hydroperoxides from oxidation of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, which are the essential fatty acids abundant in many seeds and vegetable oils. The results indicated that in-source fragmentation occurred in the detection of the two fatty acid hydroperoxides in both positive and negative ion modes, which yielded characteristic fragments for ESI-MS analysis. In addition, the genotoxicity of fatty acid hydroperoxides for generation of nucleoside adducts was investigated. It was found that a variety of nucleoside adducts were formed from the reactions of fatty acid hydroperoxides and nucleosides. Furthermore, the decomposition products of the fatty acid hydroperoxides were determined, which provided evidence to elucidate the reaction mechanism for formation of nucleoside adducts.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mayer
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut R. Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Omari I, Yunker LPE, Penafiel J, Gitaari D, San Roman A, McIndoe JS. Dynamic Ion Speciation during the Hydrolysis of Aryltrifluoroborates*. Chemistry 2021; 27:3812-3816. [PMID: 33227160 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Organotrifluoroborates serve as coupling partners during transmetalation in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction but require hydrolysis prior to the coupling reaction. Their anionic nature allows study of their hydrolysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) through real-time monitoring, complemented by pH analysis. The induction period varied according to the borates employed, and a dynamic series of equilibria for numerous ions was observed during hydrolysis. We found that the induction periods and reaction rates were sensitive to the R group of the borates, the shape of the reaction vessel, and stir rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Omari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Lars P E Yunker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Johanne Penafiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Darlene Gitaari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Atzin San Roman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - J Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
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18
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Rodrigues MO, Eberlin MN, Neto BAD. How and Why to Investigate Multicomponent Reactions Mechanisms? A Critical Review. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2762-2781. [PMID: 33538117 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We review the most innovative efforts and greatest challenges faced when elucidating multicomponent reactions (MCRs) mechanisms. When compared to traditional reactions, the often two or more concurrent reactions pathways and the greater number of possible intermediates in MCRs turn their mechanistic investigation both a harder and trickier task. The common approaches used to investigate reaction mechanisms are often unable to clarify MCRs mechanisms; hence few but clever approaches are currently used to determine these mechanisms and to depict their key transformations. Their complexity has required most innovative approaches and the use of a number of unique techniques that have shed light over the favored pathway selected from the myriad of alternatives theoretically available for MCRs. This review focuses on the most successful efforts applied by a few leading groups to perform these puzzlingly investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo O Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70904-970, Brazil.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham University, NG72RD, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- MackMass Laboratory, PPGENM, School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, SP, 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70904-970, Brazil
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19
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Paul M, Laketic K, McIndoe JS. Disulfonated xantphos for mass spectrometric mechanistic analysis. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xantphos is a wide bite angle bisphosphine ligand that finds wide application in catalysis. Tracking its behavior during reactions under realistic reaction conditions can be difficult at low concentrations, and although electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is effective at real-time monitoring of catalytic reactions, it can only observe ions. Accordingly, we experimented with the dianionic disulfonated version of xantphos as a charged tag for mechanistic analysis. It proved to behave exactly as hoped, providing good intensity and enabled the direct study of both an initial binding event (to copper, very fast) and a subsequent transfer to another metal (palladium). Its dianionic nature makes it especially promising for the study of reactions in which metals change charge state, because a cationic metal complex with an anionic ligand is an invisible zwitterion, whereas a dianionic ligand would instead make the same cationic complex appear due to the overall charge of −1. As such, disulfonated xantphos holds genuine promise as a mechanistic probe in real time analysis using mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Katarina Laketic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - J. Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
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20
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Zhu X, Xu F, He Q, Xing Z, Zhang S, Zhang X. Detection of intermediates for diatomic [TaO]+ catalyzed gas-phase reaction of methane coupling to ethane and ethylene by ICP-MS/MS. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Chen JM, Peng L, Zhou FF, Liu B, Hou C, Li JW, Huang Z, Kurmoo M, Zeng MH. A Domino Fusion of an Organic Ligand Depended on Metal-Induced and Oxygen Insertion, Unraveled by Crystallography, Mass Spectrometry, and DFT Calculations. Chemistry 2021; 27:2875-2881. [PMID: 33231936 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the reaction of (1-methyl-1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanamine (L1) with Co(H2 O)6 Cl2 , in CH3 CN at 120 °C, leading to the 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(1-methyl-1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyrazine (3), isolated as a dimeric cluster {[CoII 2 (3)Cl4 ]⋅2 CH3 CN} (2), is reported. When O2 and H2 O are present, (1-methyl-1 H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbonyl)amide (HL1') is first formed and crystallized as [CoIII (L1)2 (L1')]Cl2 ⋅2 H2 O (4) before fusion of HL1' with L1, giving 1-methyl-N-(1-methyl-1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-carbonyl)-1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-carboxamide (HL2'') forming a one-dimensional (1D) chain of [CoII 3 (L2'')2 Cl4 ]n (5). The combination of crystallography and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of isolated crystals and the solutions taken from the reaction as a function time reveal seven intermediate steps leading to 2, but six steps for 5, for which a different sequence takes place. Control and isotope labeling experiments confirm the two carbonyl oxygen atoms in 5 originate from both air and water. The dependence on the metals, compared with FeCl3 ⋅6 H2 O leading to a stable triheteroarylmethyl radical, is quite astounding, which could be attributed to the different oxidation states of the metals and coordination modes confirmed by DFT calculations. This metal and valence dependent process is a very useful way for selectively obtaining these large molecules, which are unachievable by common organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Liang Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Hou
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg, 67070, France
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
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22
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Salvitti C, Chiarotto I, Pepi F, Troiani A. Charge-Tagged N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs): Revealing the Hidden Side of NHC-Catalysed Reactions through Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Chempluschem 2020; 86:209-223. [PMID: 33252194 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are key intermediates in a variety of chemical reactions. Owing to their transient nature, the interception and characterization of these reactive species have always been challenging. Similarly, the study of reaction mechanisms in which carbenes act as catalysts is still an active research field. This Minireview describes the contribution of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to the detection of charge-tagged NHCs resulting from the insertion of an ionic group into the molecular scaffold. The use of different mass spectrometric techniques, combined with the charge-tagging strategy, allowed clarification of the involvement of NHCs in archetypal reactions and the study of their intrinsic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Salvitti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Pepi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Troiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
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23
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Mehara J, Roithová J. Identifying reactive intermediates by mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11960-11972. [PMID: 34123215 PMCID: PMC8162775 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04754f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of new reactions requires finding and understanding of novel reaction pathways. In challenging reactions such as C-H activations, these pathways often involve highly reactive intermediates which are the key to our understanding, but difficult to study. Mass spectrometry has a unique sensitivity for detecting low abundant charged species; therefore it is increasingly used for detection of such intermediates in metal catalysed- and organometallic reactions. This perspective shows recent developments in the field of mass spectrometric research of reaction mechanisms with a special focus on going beyond mass-detection. Chapters discuss the advantages of collision-induced dissociation, ion mobility and ion spectroscopy for characterization of structures of the detected intermediates. In addition, we discuss the relationship between the condensed phase chemistry and mass spectrometric detection of species from solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Mehara
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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24
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Ai W, Yang Q, Gao Y, Liu X, Liu H, Bai Y. In Situ Laser Scattering Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Its Application in the Mechanism Study of Photoinduced Direct C-H Arylation of Heteroarenes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11967-11972. [PMID: 32786502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An in situ laser scattering electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LS-ESI-MS) was developed, where the laser scattering was simply achieved through the laser radiation of the "media" modified on the capillary. The laser scattering extended the reaction window and powerfully promoted the reaction yield of the photoinduced organic reaction, which enables the trace intermediates to be efficiently tracked in real time. For instance, the key radical cation in the photoinduced direct C-H arylation of heteroarenes was captured inventively, which provided direct experimental evidence for the verification of the reaction mechanism. Together with the characterization of oxidative photocatalytic Ru(III) intermediate, the integral insight into the process of visible-light-mediated direct C-H arylation of heteroarenes was confirmed. This approach is facile, powerful, and promising in the mechanism study of organic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Ai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qirong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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25
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Li Y, Meng L, Wang G, Zhou X, Ouyang Z, Nie Z. A Gas-Phase Reaction Accelerator Using Vortex Flows. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12049-12054. [PMID: 32867491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase microdroplets have been increasingly used for reaction acceleration. Here, we report the development of a vortex tube as a reaction accelerator. Three types of reactions, viz., aromatization, amination isomerization, and acid-induced cytochrome c unfolding were used to characterize the performance of the vortex tube. During ion transfer from a nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) source to the mass spectrometry (MS) inlet, the generated vortex flows helped droplet desolvation and ion confinement and thus improved the MS intensity by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared with that when the vortex tube was not applied. Like the stirring effect in the bulk phase, the reactants were more sufficiently mixed and reacted in vortices. Therefore, with the same reaction distance, a 2-3-fold improvement of conversion ratios was observed by using the vortices. Notably, the vortex tube enabled the use of flow rate to control the reaction time for ∼60 μs, which was useful for precise control of reaction progress. As a demonstration, the intermediates of the amination isomerization were tracked and the equilibrium constant and rate constant of the cytochrome c unfolding were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingwei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
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26
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Two-step reaction mechanism reveals new antioxidant capability of cysteine disulfides against hydroxyl radical attack. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18216-18223. [PMID: 32680962 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006639117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine disulfides, which constitute an important component in biological redox buffer systems, are highly reactive toward the hydroxyl radical (•OH). The mechanistic details of this reaction, however, remain unclear, largely due to the difficulty in characterizing unstable reaction products. Herein, we have developed a combined approach involving mass spectrometry (MS) and theoretical calculations to investigate reactions of •OH with cysteine disulfides (Cys-S-S-R) in the gas phase. Four types of first-generation products were identified: protonated ions of the cysteine thiyl radical (+Cys-S•), cysteine (+Cys-SH), cysteine sulfinyl radical (+Cys-SO•), and cysteine sulfenic acid (+Cys-SOH). The relative reaction rates and product branching ratios responded sensitively to the electronic property of the R group, providing key evidence to deriving a two-step reaction mechanism. The first step involved •OH conducting a back-side attack on one of the sulfur atoms, forming sulfenic acid (-SOH) and thiyl radical (-S•) product pairs. A subsequent H transfer step within the product complex was favored for protonated systems, generating sulfinyl radical (-SO•) and thiol (-SH) products. Because sulfenic acid is a potent scavenger of peroxyl radicals, our results implied that cysteine disulfide can form two lines of defense against reactive oxygen species, one using the cysteine disulfide itself and the other using the sulfenic acid product of the conversion of cysteine disulfide. This aspect suggested that, in a nonpolar environment, cysteine disulfides might play a more active role in the antioxidant network than previously appreciated.
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27
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Zhu X, Xu F, Xing Z, Zhang S, Zhang X. Intermediates detection in the conversion of ethanol to butanol catalyzed by zirconium, cerium, titanium monoxide cations by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Wang LY, Gu GG, Ren BH, Yue TJ, Lu XB, Ren WM. Intramolecularly Cooperative Catalysis for Copolymerization of Cyclic Thioanhydrides and Epoxides: A Dual Activation Strategy to Well-Defined Polythioesters. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ge-Ge Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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29
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Cheng QQ, Zhou Z, Jiang H, Siitonen JH, Ess DH, Zhang X, Kürti L. Organocatalytic nitrogen transfer to unactivated olefins via transient oxaziridines. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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30
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McKay AI, Altalhi WAO, McInnes LE, Czyz ML, Canty AJ, Donnelly PS, O'Hair RAJ. Identification of the Side Products That Diminish the Yields of the Monoamidated Product in Metal-Catalyzed C-H Amidation of 2-Phenylpyridine with Arylisocyanates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2680-2687. [PMID: 31971390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Ru(II)-catalyzed amidation of 2-arylpyridines with aryl isocyanates via C-H bond activation is less efficient than described previously, due to the formation of a series of side products, which were readily identified using direct infusion electrospray mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair I McKay
- School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Weam A O Altalhi
- School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Lachlan E McInnes
- School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Milena L Czyz
- School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Allan J Canty
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry , University of Tasmania , Private Bag 75 , Hobart , Tasmania 7001 , Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
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31
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Naim A, Farenc M, Hubert-Roux M, Chavagnan T, Cirriez V, Welle A, Vantomme A, Kirillov E, Carpentier JF, Afonso C, Giusti P. Paraffin-Inert Atmospheric Solid Analysis Probe: A Fast and Easy Approach To Characterize Extremely Air-Sensitive Organometallic Complexes by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2922-2925. [PMID: 31841630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rational characterization of most organometallic compounds is hampered by their high reactivity, in particular, toward oxygen and water. Mass spectrometry experiments require physical introduction of the sample in the ionization source. So, the main challenge is to transfer air-sensitive organometallic compounds from inert atmosphere to the ionization source. In this aim, we have developed an easy technique that allows the analysis of air-sensitive compounds using the atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP). This method consists of a glass capillary filled with the sample (solid or liquid) and sealed by a paraffin plug to maintain the inert sample until the ionization process. It is illustrated through the structural characterization of a new highly air-sensitive dinuclear zirconium complex supported by an original switchable stilbene platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Naim
- Normandy University , INSA Rouen, UMR 6014, University of Rouen, Chimie Organique et Bioorganique - Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), 76821 Mont Saint Aignan , France
| | - Mathilde Farenc
- Total Research and Technologies Gonfreville BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization , TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandy University , INSA Rouen, UMR 6014, University of Rouen, Chimie Organique et Bioorganique - Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), 76821 Mont Saint Aignan , France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization , TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France
| | - Thierry Chavagnan
- University of Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 , 35000 Rennes , France
| | - Virginie Cirriez
- Total Research and Technologies Feluy , Zone Industrielle C, B-7181 Feluy , Belgium
| | - Alexandre Welle
- Total Research and Technologies Feluy , Zone Industrielle C, B-7181 Feluy , Belgium
| | - Aurelien Vantomme
- Total Research and Technologies Feluy , Zone Industrielle C, B-7181 Feluy , Belgium
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- University of Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 , 35000 Rennes , France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- University of Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 , 35000 Rennes , France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandy University , INSA Rouen, UMR 6014, University of Rouen, Chimie Organique et Bioorganique - Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), 76821 Mont Saint Aignan , France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization , TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- Total Research and Technologies Gonfreville BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization , TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France
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32
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Mesias-Salazar A, Trofymchuk OS, Daniliuc CG, Antiñolo A, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Nachtigall FM, Santos LS, Rojas RS. Copper (II) as catalyst for intramolecular cyclization and oxidation of (1,4-phenylene)bisguanidines to benzodiimidazole-diylidenes. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Madea D, Martínek M, Muchová L, Váňa J, Vítek L, Klán P. Structural Modifications of Nile Red Carbon Monoxide Fluorescent Probe: Sensing Mechanism and Applications. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3473-3489. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Madea
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Martínek
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Muchová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Váňa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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34
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Ai W, Gao Y, Xue J, Liu X, Liu H, Wang J, Bai Y. Tracing and elucidating visible-light mediated oxidation and C-H functionalization of amines using mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2163-2166. [PMID: 31970374 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The co-existing mechanism of visible light mediated direct oxidation and C-H functionalization of amines was investigated by capturing all the intermediates using online mass spectrometry. The two-step dehydrogenation of amine involving a proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) process was revealed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Ai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Yunpeng Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Jinjuan Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
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35
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Czyz ML, Weragoda GK, Horngren TH, Connell TU, Gomez D, O'Hair RAJ, Polyzos A. Photoexcited Pd(ii) auxiliaries enable light-induced control in C(sp 3)-H bond functionalisation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2455-2463. [PMID: 34084410 PMCID: PMC8157331 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05722f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the photophysical and photochemical properties of palladacycle complexes derived from 8-aminoquinoline ligands, commonly used auxiliaries in C–H activation. Spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational studies reveal that visible light irradiation induces a mixed LLCT/MLCT charge transfer providing access to synthetically relevant Pd(iii)/Pd(iv) redox couples. The Pd(ii) complex undergoes photoinduced electron transfer with alkyl halides generating C(sp3)–H halogenation products rather than C–C bond adducts. Online photochemical ESI-MS analysis implicates participation of a mononuclear Pd(iii) species which promotes C–X bond formation via a distinct Pd(iii)/Pd(iv) pathway. To demonstrate the synthetic utility, we developed a general method for inert C(sp3)–H bond bromination, chlorination and iodination with alkyl halides. This new strategy in auxiliary-directed C–H activation provides predictable and controllable access to distinct reactivity pathways proceeding via Pd(iii)/Pd(iv) redox couples induced by visible light irradiation. Visible light irradiation of 8-aminoquinoline Pd(ii) complexes initiates photoinduced electron transfer with alkyl halides, affording C–H halogenation over C–C bond adducts. A method for inert C(sp3)–H bond halogenation (Br, Cl and I) is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena L Czyz
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Victoria Australia
| | | | - Tyra H Horngren
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Victoria Australia
| | - Timothy U Connell
- School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Daniel Gomez
- School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Victoria Australia
| | - Anastasios Polyzos
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Victoria Australia .,CSIRO Manufacturing Research Way Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
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36
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da Silva AF, Leonarczyk IA, Ferreira MAB, Jurberg ID. Diastereodivergent aminocatalyzed spirocyclization strategies using 4-alkylideneisoxazol-5-ones and methyl vinyl ketones. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00779j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diasterodivergent aminocatalyzed approaches starting from 4-alkylideneisoxazol-5-ones and methyl vinyl ketones have been developed for the synthesis of racemic 6,10-cis-spiroisoxazol-5-ones and highly enantioenriched 6,10-trans-spiroisoxazol-5-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ives A. Leonarczyk
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem)
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of São Carlos
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Marco A. B. Ferreira
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem)
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of São Carlos
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Igor D. Jurberg
- Institute of Chemistry
- State University of Campinas
- Campinas
- Brazil
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37
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Zhang YY, Zhang DS, Li T, Kurmoo M, Zeng MH. In Situ Metal-Assisted Ligand Modification Induces Mn 4 Cluster-to-Cluster Transformation: A Crystallography, Mass Spectrometry, and DFT Study. Chemistry 2019; 26:721-728. [PMID: 31633255 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dehydration of (S,S)-1,2-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol (H4 L) to (Z)-1,2-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethenol) (H3 L') was found to be metal-assisted, occurs under solvothermal conditions (H2 O/CH3 OH), and leads to [MnII 4 (H3 L)4 Cl2 ]Cl2 ⋅5 H2 O⋅5 CH3 OH (Mn4 L4 ) and [MnII 4 (H2 L')6 (μ3 -OH)]Cl⋅4 CH3 OH⋅H2 O (Mn4 L'6 ), respectively. Their structures were determined by single-crystal XRD. Extensive ESI-MS studies on solutions and solids of the reaction led to the proposal consisting of an initial stepwise assembly of Mn4 L4 from the reactants via [MnL] and [Mn2 L2 ] below 80 °C, and then disassembly to [MnL] and [MnL2 ] followed by ligand modification before reassembly to Mn4 L'6 via [MnL'], [MnL'2 ], and [Mn2 L'3 ] with increasing solvothermal temperature up to 140 °C. Identification of intermediates [Mn4 Lx L'6-x ] (x=5, 4, 3, 2, 1) in the process further suggested an assembly/disassembly/in situ reaction/reassembly transformation mechanism. These results not only reveal that multiple phase transformations are possible even though they were not realized in the crystalline state, but also help to better understand the complex transformation process between coordination clusters during "black-box" reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
| | - De-Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
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38
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Chi H, Li H, Liu B, Ye R, Wang H, Guo YL, Tan Q, Xu B. From Isocyanides to Iminonitriles via Silver-mediated Sequential Insertion of C(sp 3)-H Bond. iScience 2019; 21:650-663. [PMID: 31731202 PMCID: PMC6859232 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocycles are prevalent constituents of many marketing drugs and biologically active molecules to meet modern medical challenges. Isocyanide insertion into C(sp3)–H bonds is challenging especially for the construction of quaternary carbon centers. Herein, we describe an efficient strategy for the synthesis of α-iminonitrile substituted isochromans and tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) with quaternary carbon centers through silver-triflate-mediated sequential isocyanide insertion of C(sp3)–H bonds, where isocyanide acts as the crucial “CN” and “imine” sources. The produced α-iminonitriles have extensive applications as valuable synthetic building blocks for pharmacologically interesting heterocycles. This protocol could be further applied for the synthesis of iminonitrile-decorated phenanthridines and azapyrene. Interestingly, a remarkable aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect was first observed for an iminonitrile-decorated pyrene derivative, which may open a particular area for iminonitrile applications in materials science. Iminonitrile formation via sequential C(sp3)-H bond isocyanide insertion Construction of quaternary center Isocyanide as both "imine" and "CN" sources Valuable synthetic building blocks and novel AIEgen
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Rongxuan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Qianweichang College, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haoyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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39
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Xu Z, Jiang T, Xu Q, Zhai Y, Li D, Xu W. Pseudo-Multiple Reaction Monitoring (Pseudo-MRM) Mode on the “Brick” Mass Spectrometer, Using the Grid-SWIFT Waveform. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13838-13846. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dayu Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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40
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Thomas GT, Janusson E, Zijlstra HS, McIndoe JS. Step-by-step real time monitoring of a catalytic amination reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11727-11730. [PMID: 31512685 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The multiple reaction monitoring mode of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is used to examine the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction at 0.1% catalyst loading in real-time using sequential addition of reagents to probe the individual steps in the cycle. This is a powerful new method for probing reactions under realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilian T Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. E-mail:
| | - Eric Janusson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. E-mail:
| | - Harmen S Zijlstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. E-mail:
| | - J Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. E-mail:
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41
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Chen T, Yao Q, Nasaruddin RR, Xie J. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Powerful Platform for Noble‐Metal Nanocluster Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11967-11977. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ricca Rahman Nasaruddin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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42
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Tripodi GL, Correra TC, Angolini CFF, Ferreira BRV, Maître P, Eberlin MN, Roithová J. The Intermediates in Lewis Acid Catalysis with Lanthanide Triflates. European J Org Chem 2019; 2019:3560-3566. [PMID: 31680777 PMCID: PMC6813638 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide triflates are effective Lewis acid catalysts in reactions involving carbonyl compounds due to their high oxophilicity and water stability. Despite the growing interest, the identity of the catalytic species formed in lanthanide catalysed reactions is still unknown. We have therefore used mass spectrometry and ion spectroscopy to intercept and characterize the intermediates in a reaction catalysed by ytterbium and dysprosium triflates. We were able to identify a number of lanthanide intermediates formed in a simple condensation reaction between a C-acid and an aldehyde. Results show correlation between the reactivity of lanthanide complexes and their charge state and suggest that the triply charged complexes play a key role in lanthanide catalysed reactions. Spectroscopic data of the gaseous ions accompanied by theoretical calculations reveal that the difference between catalytic efficiencies of ytterbium and dysprosium ions can be explained by their different electrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L. Tripodi
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Thiago C. Correra
- Departament of Organic ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryUniversity of São Paulo05508–000São Paulo‐SPBrazil
| | - Célio F. F. Angolini
- Center for Natural and Human SciencesFederal University of ABC (UFABC)09210–580Santo André ‐SPBrazil
| | - Bruno R. V. Ferreira
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas GeraisCampus Salinas39560–000Salinas‐MGBrazil
| | - Philippe Maître
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, URM8000, CNRS, Univ. Paris‐SudUniversité Paris‐Saclay91405OrsayFrance
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of ChemistryState University of Campinas13084–971Campinas‐SPBrazil
- School of EngeneeringMackenzie Presbiterian University01302907São Paulo‐SPBrazil
| | - Jana Roithová
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
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43
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Chen T, Yao Q, Nasaruddin RR, Xie J. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Powerful Platform for Noble‐Metal Nanocluster Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ricca Rahman Nasaruddin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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44
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Carvalho TO, Carvalho PHPR, Correa JR, Guido BC, Medeiros GA, Eberlin MN, Coelho SE, Domingos JB, Neto BAD. Palladium Catalyst with Task-Specific Ionic Liquid Ligands: Intracellular Reactions and Mitochondrial Imaging with Benzothiadiazole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5118-5128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago O. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. P. R. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Jose R. Correa
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Bruna C. Guido
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Gisele A. Medeiros
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Schoool of Engeneering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Sara E. Coelho
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis (LaCBio), Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Josiel B. Domingos
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis (LaCBio), Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
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45
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Fernandes AAG, Stivanin ML, Jurberg ID. RuCl
3
/ PPh
3
‐ Catalyzed Direct Conversion of Isoxazol‐5‐ones to 2,3‐Disubstituted Pyridines. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra A. G. Fernandes
- State University of Campinas, Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic Chemistry Rua Monteiro Lobato 270 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Mateus L. Stivanin
- State University of Campinas, Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic Chemistry Rua Monteiro Lobato 270 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Igor D. Jurberg
- State University of Campinas, Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic Chemistry Rua Monteiro Lobato 270 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
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Schnell A, Willms JA, Nozinovic S, Engeser M. Mechanistic studies of an L-proline-catalyzed pyridazine formation involving a Diels-Alder reaction with inverse electron demand. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:30-43. [PMID: 30680036 PMCID: PMC6334817 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of an L-proline-catalyzed pyridazine formation from acetone and aryl-substituted tetrazines via a Diels-Alder reaction with inverse electron demand has been studied with NMR and with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A catalytic cycle with three intermediates has been proposed. An enamine derived from L-proline and acetone acts as an electron-rich dienophile in a [4 + 2] cycloaddition with the electron-poor tetrazine forming a tetraazabicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene derivative which then eliminates N2 in a retro-Diels-Alder reaction to yield a 4,5-dihydropyridazine species. The reaction was studied in three variants: unmodified, with a charge-tagged substrate, and with a charge-tagged proline catalyst. The charge-tagging technique strongly increases the ESI response of the respective species and therefore enables to capture otherwise undetected reaction components. With the first two reaction variants, only small intensities of intermediates were found, but the temporal progress of reactants and products could be monitored very well. In experiments with the charge-tagged L-proline-derived catalyst, all three intermediates of the proposed catalytic cycle were detected and characterized by collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments. Some of the CID pathways of intermediates mimic single steps of the proposed catalytic cycle in the gas phase. Thus, the charge-tagged catalyst proved one more time its superior effectiveness for the detection and study of reactive intermediates at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schnell
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Alexander Willms
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Nozinovic
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Engeser
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Freitas EF, Souza RY, Passos STA, Dias JA, Dias SCL, Neto BAD. Tuning the Biginelli reaction mechanism by the ionic liquid effect: the combined role of supported heteropolyacid derivatives and acidic strength. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27125-27135. [PMID: 35528552 PMCID: PMC9070657 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a combination of heteropolyacids and ionic liquids as a catalytic system was studied for the Biginelli multicomponent reaction; the positive ionic liquid effect associated with the acidic strength of zeolite-supported heteropolyacids made this combination an efficient catalytic system for the multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives. The acidic strength effect was evaluated, and a range was determined in which the reaction provided better results. The mechanism of the reaction was also investigated in the presence and absence of ionic liquids, and two features of paramount importance were revealed: the mechanism could be tuned to proceed through only one reaction path among three possibilities and the kinetics of the reaction was significantly faster in the presence of an ionic liquid. Heteropolyacids and ionic liquid effect allowed tuning of the Biginelli reaction mechanism and synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives in an efficient, recyclable fashion. The role of acidic strength and supported heteropolyacid is disclosed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elon F. Freitas
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Chemistry Institute, (IQ-UnB)
- University of Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro – Asa Norte
- Brasília-DF
| | - Roberto Y. Souza
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília
- Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brasília-DF
| | - Saulo T. A. Passos
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília
- Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brasília-DF
| | - José A. Dias
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Chemistry Institute, (IQ-UnB)
- University of Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro – Asa Norte
- Brasília-DF
| | - Silvia C. L. Dias
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Chemistry Institute, (IQ-UnB)
- University of Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro – Asa Norte
- Brasília-DF
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília
- Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brasília-DF
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Cheng GJ, Zhong XM, Wu YD, Zhang X. Mechanistic understanding of catalysis by combining mass spectrometry and computation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12749-12764. [PMID: 31560354 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05458h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The combination of mass spectrometry and computational chemistry has been proven to be powerful for exploring reaction mechanisms. The former provides information of reaction intermediates, while the latter gives detailed reaction energy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Juan Cheng
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xiu-Mei Zhong
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
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European Young Chemist Award: A. Porchetta, M. Atzori, and S. Fabiano / EuChemS Award for Service: F. De Angelis, S. Facchetti, and R. Salzer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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