1
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He M, Piscelli BA, Cormanich RA, O’Hagan D. Conformational Analysis Explores the Role of Electrostatic Nonclassical CF···HC Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Selectively Halogenated Cyclohexanes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4009-4018. [PMID: 38441063 PMCID: PMC10949234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The conformational equilibria of selectively halogenated cyclohexanes are explored both experimentally (VT-NMR) for 1,1,4,-trifluorocyclohexane 7 and by computational analysis (M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level), with the latter approach extending to a wider range of more highly fluorinated cyclohexanes. Perhaps unexpectedly, 7ax is preferred over the 7eq conformation by ΔG = 1.06 kcal mol-1, contradicting the accepted norm for substituents on cyclohexanes. The axial preference is stronger again in 1,1,3,3,4,5,5,-heptafluorocyclohexane 9 (ΔG = 2.73 kcal mol-1) as the CF2 groups further polarize the isolated CH2 hydrogens. Theoretical decomposition of electrostatic and hyperconjugative effects by natural bond orbital analysis indicated that nonclassical hydrogen bonding (NCHB) between the C-4 fluorine and the diaxial hydrogens at C-2 and C-6 in cyclohexane 7 and 9 largely accounts for the observed bias. The study extended to changing fluorine (F) for chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) at the pseudoanomeric position in the cyclohexanes. Although these halogens do not become involved in NCHBs, they polarize the geminal -CHX- hydrogen at the pseudoanomeric position to a greater extent than fluorine, and consequent electrostatic interactions influence conformer stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan He
- School
of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno A. Piscelli
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Estadual
de Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Cormanich
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Estadual
de Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - David O’Hagan
- School
of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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2
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Craig A, Kogler J, Laube M, Ullrich M, Donat CK, Wodtke R, Kopka K, Stadlbauer S. Preparation of 18F-Labeled Tracers Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein via Sulfur [ 18F]Fluoride Exchange Reaction. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2749. [PMID: 38140090 PMCID: PMC10747913 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection and treatment of cancers can significantly increase patient prognosis and enhance the quality of life of affected patients. The emerging significance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a new frontier for cancer diagnosis and therapy may be exploited by radiolabeled tracers for diagnostic imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the TME are identified by biomarkers such as fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα), which are expressed on their surfaces. Targeting FAPα using small-molecule 18F-labeled inhibitors (FAPIs) has recently garnered significant attention for non-invasive tumor visualization using PET. Herein, two potent aryl-fluorosulfate-based FAPIs, 12 and 13, were synthetically prepared, and their inhibition potency was determined using a fluorimetric FAP assay to be IC50 9.63 and 4.17 nM, respectively. Radiofluorination was performed via the sulfur [18F]fluoride exchange ([18F]SuFEx) reaction to furnish [18F]12 and [18F]13 in high activity yields (AY) of 39-56% and molar activities (Am) between 20-55 GBq/µmol. In vitro experiments focused on the stability of the radiolabeled FAPIs after incubation with human serum, liver microsomes and liver cytosol. Preliminary PET studies of the radioligands were performed in healthy mice to investigate the in vivo biodistribution and 18F defluorination rate. Fast pharmacokinetics for the FAP-targeting tracers were retained and considerable bone uptake, caused by either 18F defluorination or radioligand accumulation, was observed. In summary, our findings demonstrate the efficiency of [18F]SuFEx as a radiolabeling method as well as its advantages and limitations with respect to PET tracer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Craig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
| | - Jürgen Kogler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
| | - Cornelius K. Donat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Stadlbauer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Deng M, Wilde M, Welch JT. N-(2-Tetrafluoro(trifluoromethyl)-λ 6-sulfanyl(CF 3SF 4)-ethyl) Amines: The Influence of the CF 3SF 4 Group on Lipophilicity and p Ka. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15639-15646. [PMID: 37934773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A practical synthetic path for the preparation of trans-CF3SF4-substituted amines has been described. Primary and secondary amines bearing a variety of different functional groups including amino acids, cyclic amines, and nucleosides were prepared. The desired amines were synthesized under mild conditions. The influence of the CF3SF4-group on the pKa and log D of a standard amine was established. The unusual conformation of the trans-CF3SF4-substituted tosylate has been verified via its crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqian Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Max Wilde
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - John T Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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4
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Li CY, Zhang Z, Yan X. Ir-Catalyzed Ortho-Selective C-H Borylation of Difluoromethyl Arenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:7278-7282. [PMID: 37782225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The difluoromethyl group (CF2H) has received great attention due to its distinct properties in recent years. Herein, we report a new strategy for postmodification of difluoromethyl compounds. Ortho-selective C-H borylation of difluoromethyl arenes is achieved by a cyclometalated mesoionic carbene-Ir complex. The regioselectivity is controlled by a hydrogen bond between CF2H and the boryl group via the outer-sphere direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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5
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Poškaitė G, Wheatley DE, Wells N, Linclau B, Sinnaeve D. Obtaining Pure 1H NMR Spectra of Individual Pyranose and Furanose Anomers of Reducing Deoxyfluorinated Sugars. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13908-13925. [PMID: 37754916 PMCID: PMC10563139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to tautomeric equilibria, NMR spectra of reducing sugars can be complex with many overlapping resonances. This hampers coupling constant determination, which is required for conformational analysis and configurational assignment of substituents. Given that mixtures of interconverting species are physically inseparable, easy-to-use techniques that enable facile full 1H NMR characterization of sugars are of interest. Here, we show that individual spectra of both pyranoside and furanoside forms of reducing fluorosugars can be obtained using 1D FESTA. We discuss the unique opportunities offered by FESTA over standard sel-TOCSY and show how it allows a more complete characterization. We illustrate the power of FESTA by presenting the first full NMR characterization of many fluorosugars, including of the important fluorosugar 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucose. We discuss in detail all practical considerations for setting up FESTA experiments for fluorosugars, which can be extended to any mixture of fluorine-containing species interconverting slowly on the NMR frequency-time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabija Poškaitė
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Wheatley
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Wells
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus
Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Davy Sinnaeve
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000 Lille, France
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6
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Zhang W, Liang Y. The wide presence of fluorinated compounds in common chemical products and the environment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108393-108410. [PMID: 37775629 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The C-F bonds, due to their many unique features, have been incorporated into numerous compounds in countless products and applications. These fluorinated compounds eventually are disposed of and released into the environment through different pathways. In this review, we analyzed the occurrence of these fluorinated compounds in seven types of products (i.e., refrigerants/propellants, aqueous film-forming foam, cosmetics, food packaging, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, coating materials) and discussed their fate in the environment. This is followed by describing the quantity of fluorinated compounds from each source based on available data. Total on- and off-site disposal or other releases of 536 fluorinated compounds in 2021 were analyzed using the data sourced from the U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). Among the chemicals examined, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were the primary contributors in terms of total mass. Upon examining the seven sources of fluorinated compounds, it became evident that additional contributors are also responsible for the presence of organofluorine compounds in the environment. Although various toxic degradation products of fluorinated compounds could form in the environment, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was specifically highlighted in this review given the fact that it is a common dead-end degradation product of > 1 million chemicals. This paper ended with a discussion of several questions raised from this study. The path forward was elaborated as well for the purpose of protecting the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilan Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
- , Albany, USA.
| | - Yanna Liang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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7
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Dobson LS, Zhang Q, McKay BA, Oke O, Isanbor C, Khan MF, Piscelli BA, Cordes DB, Cormanich RA, Murphy CD, O’Hagan D. Aryl (β,β',β″-Trifluoro)- tert-butyl: A Candidate Motif for the Discovery of Bioactives. Org Lett 2023; 25:6802-6807. [PMID: 37682007 PMCID: PMC10521027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The (β,β',β″-trifluoro)-tert-butyl (TFTB) group has received very little attention in the literature. This work presents a direct synthesis of this group and explores its properties. The TFTB group arises when the methyl groups of a tert-butyl moiety are exchanged for fluoromethyl groups. Sequential fluoromethylations result in a decrease of Log P (increasing hydrophilicity), ultimately by 1.7 Log P units in the TFTB group relative to that of tert-butyl benzene itself. A focus is placed on synthetic transformations, conformational analysis, and metabolism of the TFTB group in the context of presenting a favorable profile as a motif for the discovery of bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca S. Dobson
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Qingzhi Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Benjamin A. McKay
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Oluwayinka Oke
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
- Chemistry
Department, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos 101245, Nigeria
| | | | - Mohd Faheem Khan
- School
of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bruno A. Piscelli
- Chemistry
Institute, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - David B. Cordes
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Rodrigo A. Cormanich
- Chemistry
Institute, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Cormac D. Murphy
- School
of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David O’Hagan
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
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8
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Wei X, Wang P, Liu F, Ye X, Xiong D. Drug Discovery Based on Fluorine-Containing Glycomimetics. Molecules 2023; 28:6641. [PMID: 37764416 PMCID: PMC10536126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycomimetics, which are synthetic molecules designed to mimic the structures and functions of natural carbohydrates, have been developed to overcome the limitations associated with natural carbohydrates. The fluorination of carbohydrates has emerged as a promising solution to dramatically enhance the metabolic stability, bioavailability, and protein-binding affinity of natural carbohydrates. In this review, the fluorination methods used to prepare the fluorinated carbohydrates, the effects of fluorination on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of natural sugars, and the biological activities of fluorinated sugars are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, No. 161, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi 046012, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Fen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinshan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Decai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
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9
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Columbus I, Ghindes-Azaria L, Herzog IM, Blum E, Parvari G, Eichen Y, Cohen Y, Gershonov E, Drug E, Saphier S, Elias S, Smolkin B, Zafrani Y. Species-specific lipophilicities of fluorinated diketones in complex equilibria systems and their potential as multifaceted reversible covalent warheads. Commun Chem 2023; 6:197. [PMID: 37715018 PMCID: PMC10504258 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined molecular, physicochemical and chemical properties of electrophilic warheads can be applied to create covalent drugs with diverse facets. Here we study these properties in fluorinated diketones (FDKs) and their multicomponent equilibrium systems in the presence of protic nucleophiles, revealing the potential of the CF2(CO)2 group to act as a multifaceted warhead for reversible covalent drugs. The equilibria compositions of various FDKs in water/octanol contain up to nine species. A simultaneous direct species-specific 19F-NMR-based log P determination of these complex equilibria systems was achieved and revealed in some cases lipophilic to hydrophilic shifts, indicating possible adaptation to different environments. This was also demonstrated in 19F-MAS-NMR-based water-membrane partitioning measurements. An interpretation of the results is suggested by the aid of a DFT study and 19F-DOSY-NMR spectroscopy. In dilute solutions, a model FDK reacted with protected cysteine to form two hemi-thioketal regioisomers, indicating possible flexible regio-reactivity of CF2(CO)2 warheads toward cysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lee Ghindes-Azaria
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ido Michael Herzog
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eliav Blum
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Gershonov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Drug
- Department of Analytic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Sigal Saphier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
| | - Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Boris Smolkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
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10
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Quintana JI, Atxabal U, Unione L, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Exploring multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions by NMR. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1591-1613. [PMID: 36753338 PMCID: PMC9987413 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been widely employed to assess diverse features of glycan-protein molecular recognition events. Different types of qualitative and quantitative information at different degrees of resolution and complexity can be extracted from the proper application of the available NMR-techniques. In fact, affinity, structural, kinetic, conformational, and dynamic characteristics of the binding process are available. Nevertheless, except in particular cases, the affinity of lectin-sugar interactions is weak, mostly at the low mM range. This feature is overcome in biological processes by using multivalency, thus augmenting the strength of the binding. However, the application of NMR methods to monitor multivalent lectin-glycan interactions is intrinsically challenging. It is well known that when large macromolecular complexes are formed, the NMR signals disappear from the NMR spectrum, due to the existence of fast transverse relaxation, related to the large size and exchange features. Indeed, at the heart of the molecular recognition event, the associated free-bound chemical exchange process for both partners takes place in a particular timescale. Thus, these factors have to be considered and overcome. In this review article, we have distinguished, in a subjective manner, the existence of multivalent presentations in the glycan or in the lectin. From the glycan perspective, we have also considered whether multiple epitopes of a given ligand are presented in the same linear chain of a saccharide (i.e., poly-LacNAc oligosaccharides) or decorating different arms of a multiantennae scaffold, either natural (as in multiantennae N-glycans) or synthetic (of dendrimer or polymer nature). From the lectin perspective, the presence of an individual binding site at every monomer of a multimeric lectin may also have key consequences for the binding event at different levels of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Quintana
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Unai Atxabal
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Luca Unione
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science and Technology, EHU-UPV, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Saphier S, Katalan S, Yacov G, Berliner A, Redy-Keisar O, Fridkin G, Ghindes-Azaria L, Columbus I, Pevzner A, Drug E, Prihed H, Gershonov E, Eichen Y, Elias S, Parvari G, Zafrani Y. Placing CF 2 in the Center: Major Physicochemical Changes Upon a Minor Structural Alteration in Gem-Difunctional Compounds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202939. [PMID: 36374157 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine atoms play an important role in all branches of chemistry and accordingly, it is very important to study their unique and varied effects systematically, in particular, the structure-physicochemical properties relationship. The present study describes exceptional physicochemical effects resulting from a H/F exchange at the methylene bridge of gem-difunctional compounds. The Δlog P(CF2-CH2) values, that is, the change in lipophilicity, observed for the CH2 /CF2 replacement in various α,α-phenoxy- and thiophenoxy-esters/amides, diketones, benzodioxoles and more, fall in the range of 0.6-1.4 units, which for most cases, is far above the values expected for such a replacement. Moreover, for compounds holding more than one such gem-difunctional moiety, the effect is nearly additive, so one can switch from a hydrophilic compound to a lipophilic one in a limited number of H/F exchanges. DFT studies of some of these systems revealed that polarity, conformational preference as well as charge distributions are strongly affected by such hydrogen to fluorine atom substitution. The pronounced effects described, are a result of the interplay between changes in polarity, H-bond basicity and molecular volume, which were obtained with a very low 'cost' in terms of molecular weight or steric effects and may have a great potential for implementation in various fields of chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Saphier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Shahaf Katalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Guy Yacov
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Anat Berliner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Orit Redy-Keisar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Lee Ghindes-Azaria
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Eyal Drug
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Hagit Prihed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Eytan Gershonov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
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12
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Dal Colle MCS, Fittolani G, Delbianco M. Synthetic Approaches to Break the Chemical Shift Degeneracy of Glycans. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200416. [PMID: 36005282 PMCID: PMC10087674 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is the leading technique for determining glycans' three-dimensional structure and dynamic in solution as well as a fundamental tool to study protein-glycan interactions. To overcome the severe chemical shift degeneracy of these compounds, synthetic probes carrying NMR-active nuclei (e. g., 13 C or 19 F) or lanthanide tags have been proposed. These elegant strategies permitted to simplify the complex NMR analysis of unlabeled analogues, shining light on glycans' conformational aspects and interaction with proteins. Here, we highlight some key achievements in the synthesis of specifically labeled glycan probes and their contribution towards the fundamental understanding of glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene C S Dal Colle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Jia Q, Ni Y, Liu Z, Gu X, Cui Z, Fan M, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Ma J. Fast Prediction of Lipophilicity of Organofluorine Molecules: Deep Learning-Derived Polarity Characters and Experimental Tests. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:4928-4936. [PMID: 36223527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fast and accurate estimation of lipophilicity for organofluorine molecules is in great demand for accelerating drug and materials discovery. A lipophilicity data set of organofluorine molecules (OFL data set), containing 1907 samples, is constructed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental measurements. An efficient and interpretable model, called PoLogP, is developed to predict the n-octanol/water partition coefficient, log Po/w, of organofluorine molecules on the basis of the descriptors of polarization, which is a combination of polarity descriptors, including the molecular polarity index and molecular polarizability (α), and hydrogen bond (HBs) index, consisting of the number of donors (NHBD) and acceptors (NHBA and NHB-FA). The present PoLogP with a combination of polarity descriptors is demonstrated to perform better than the dipole moment (μ) alone for the F-contained molecules. With the aid of a multilevel attention graph convolutional neural network model, the fast generation of polarity descriptors of organofluorine molecules could be achieved with the DFT accuracy based only on a topological molecular graph structure. The performance of PoLogP is further validated on synthesized organofluorine molecules and 2626 non-fluorinated molecules with satisfactory accuracy, highlighting the potential usage of PoLogP in high-throughput screening of the functional molecules with the desired solubility in various solvent media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ziteng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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14
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Wang Y, Lee W, Chen YC, Zhou Y, Plise E, Migliozzi M, Crawford JJ. Turning the Other Cheek: Influence of the cis-Tetrafluorocyclohexyl Motif on Physicochemical and Metabolic Properties. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1517-1523. [PMID: 36105337 PMCID: PMC9465827 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
The targeted introduction of substituents in order to
tailor a
molecule’s pharmacologic, physicochemical, and metabolic properties
has long been of interest to medicinal chemists. The all-cis tetrafluorocyclohexyl motif—dubbed Janus face, due to its
electrostatically polarized cyclohexyl ring—represents one
such example where chemists might incorporate a metabolically stable,
polar, lipocompatible motif. To better understand its potential utility,
we have synthesized three series of matched molecular pairs (MMPs)
where each MMP differs only in the cyclohexane unit, i.e., with a
tetrafluorocyclohexyl or a standard cyclohexyl motif. With the introduction
of the facially polarized all-cis tetrafluorocyclohexyl
ring, the resulting compounds have significantly modified physicochemical
properties (e.g., kinetic solubility, lipophilicity and permeability)
and metabolic stabilities. These results further speak to the promise
of this substituent as a tactic to improve the drug-like properties
of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wendy Lee
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yuhui Zhou
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emile Plise
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Madyson Migliozzi
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James J. Crawford
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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15
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Patel C, Roy D. Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients of Fluorinated Drug Molecules with Continuum Solvation Models. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4185-4190. [PMID: 35748869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have examined the efficiency of continuum solvation models, used with density functional theory methods, in calculating octanol-water partition coefficients (logP) of 56 fluorine containing drug molecules. The solvation model based on density model computed logP values that are in good agreement with the benchmark values. The conductor-like polarizable continuum models computed results have issues in predicting correct trend, often with reversal of sign from benchmark. The choice of basis set does not show significant effect, and the selection of atomic radii affects geometry convergence during calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Patel
- Department of Applied Sciences, College of Engineering, Wellesley Road, Shivajinagar, Pune 411005, India
| | - Dipankar Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
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16
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Columbus I, Ghindes-Azaria L, Chen R, Yehezkel L, Redy-Keisar O, Fridkin G, Amir D, Marciano D, Drug E, Gershonov E, Klausner Z, Saphier S, Elias S, Pevzner A, Eichen Y, Parvari G, Smolkin B, Zafrani Y. Studying Lipophilicity Trends of Phosphorus Compounds by 31P-NMR Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool for the Design of P-Containing Drugs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8511-8524. [PMID: 35678759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systematically studying the lipophilicity of phosphorus compounds is of great importance for many chemical and biological fields and particularly for medicinal chemistry. Here, we report on the study of trends in the lipophilicity of a wide set of phosphorus compounds relevant to drug design including phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphonates, thiophosphonates, bis-phosphonates, and phosphine chalcogenides. This was enabled by the development of a straightforward log P determination method for phosphorus compounds based on 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The log P values measured ranged between -3.2 and 3.6, and the trends observed were interpreted using a DFT study of the dipole moments and by H-bond basicity (pKHB) measurements of selected compounds. Clear signal separation in 31P-NMR spectroscopy grants the method high tolerability to impurities. Moreover, the wide range of chemical shifts for the phosphorus nucleus (250 to -250 ppm) enables a direct simultaneous log P determination of phosphorus compound mixtures in a single shake-flask experiment and 31P-NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Lee Ghindes-Azaria
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ravit Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Lea Yehezkel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Orit Redy-Keisar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Dafna Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Daniele Marciano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Eyal Drug
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Eytan Gershonov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ziv Klausner
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Sigal Saphier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Boris Smolkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
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17
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Abstract
![]()
Fluorinated
carbohydrates have found many applications in the glycosciences.
Typically, these contain fluorination at a single position. There
are not many applications involving polyfluorinated carbohydrates,
here defined as monosaccharides in which more than one carbon has
at least one fluorine substituent directly attached to it, with the
notable exception of their use as mechanism-based inhibitors. The
increasing attention to carbohydrate physical properties, especially
around lipophilicity, has resulted in a surge of interest for this
class of compounds. This review covers the considerable body of work
toward the synthesis of polyfluorinated hexoses, pentoses, ketosugars,
and aminosugars including sialic acids and nucleosides. An overview
of the current state of the art of their glycosidation is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kler Huonnic
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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18
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Alexandrino DAM, Almeida CMR, Mucha AP, Carvalho MF. Revisiting pesticide pollution: The case of fluorinated pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118315. [PMID: 34634397 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated pesticides acquired a significant market share in the agrochemical sector due to the surge of new fluoroorganic ingredients approved in the last two decades. This growing trend has not been accompanied by a comprehensive scientific and regulatory framework entailing all their potential negative impacts for the environment, especially when considering the hazardous properties that may result from the incorporation of fluorine into organic molecules. This review aims to address the safe/hazardous dichotomy associated with fluorinated pesticides by providing an updated outlook on their relevancy in the agrochemical sector and how it leads to their role as environmental pollutants. Specifically, the environmental fate and distribution of these pesticides in the ecosystems is discussed, while also analysing their potential to act as toxic substances for non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo A M Alexandrino
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - C Marisa R Almeida
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana P Mucha
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 790, 4150-171, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria F Carvalho
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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19
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Lessard O, Lainé D, Fecteau CÉ, Johnson PA, Giguère D. Fundamental curiosity of multivicinal inter-halide stereocenters. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01433e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective strategy allowed the striking impact of a single halogen on the physical properties of inter-halide alkane units to be unravelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lessard
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Danny Lainé
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Charles-Émile Fecteau
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Paul A. Johnson
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
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20
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Delamare A, Naulet G, Kauffmann B, Guichard G, Compain G. Hexafluoroisobutylation of Enolates Through a Tandem Elimination/Allylic Shift/Hydrofluorination Reaction. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9507-9514. [PMID: 36091907 PMCID: PMC9400614 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The isobutyl side chain is a highly prevalent hydrophobic group in drugs, and it notably constitutes the side chain of leucine. Its replacement by a hexafluorinated version containing two CF3...
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Delamare
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Guillaume Naulet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, UAR 3033 F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Guillaume Compain
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB F-33600 Pessac France
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21
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Zhang M, Chen HW, Liu QQ, Gao FT, Li YX, Hu XG, Yu CY. De Novo Synthesis of Orthogonally-Protected C2-Fluoro Digitoxoses and Cymaroses: Development and Application for the Synthesis of Fluorinated Digoxin. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1272-1284. [PMID: 34964642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by Roush's pioneering work on rare sugars, we have developed a scalable, stereoselective, de novo synthesis of orthogonally protected C2-fluoro digitoxose and cymarose, utilizing Sharpless kinetic resolution and organocatalytic fluorination as key steps. The utility of this strategy is demonstrated by the synthesis of a fluorinated analogue of digoxin, which indicates the fluorine on the sugar ring may have a significant impact on biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Wei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Feng-Teng Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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22
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Linclau B, Wang Z, Jeffries B, Graton J, Carbajo RJ, Sinnaeve D, Le Questel J, Scott JS, Chiarparin E. Relating Conformational Equilibria to Conformer‐Specific Lipophilicities: New Opportunities in Drug Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University Campus Sterre, S4 Krijgslaan 281 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Benjamin Jeffries
- School of Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Jérôme Graton
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230 Université de Nantes CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 44000 Nantes France
| | | | - Davy Sinnaeve
- Univ. Lille Inserm Institut Pasteur de Lille CHU Lille U1167—RID-AGE—Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases 59000 Lille France
- CNRS ERL9002—Integrative Structural Biology 59000 Lille France
| | - Jean‐Yves Le Questel
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230 Université de Nantes CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 44000 Nantes France
| | - James S. Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D AstraZeneca Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
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23
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Linclau B, Wang Z, Jeffries B, Graton J, Carbajo RJ, Sinnaeve D, Le Questel JY, Scott JS, Chiarparin E. Relating Conformational Equilibria to Conformer-Specific Lipophilicities: New Opportunities in Drug Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114862. [PMID: 34913249 PMCID: PMC9304282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Efficient drug discovery is based on a concerted effort in optimizing bioactivity and compound properties such as lipophilicity, and is guided by efficiency metrics that reflect both aspects. While conformation–activity relationships and ligand conformational control are known strategies to improve bioactivity, the use of conformer‐specific lipophilicities (logp) is much less explored. Here we show how conformer‐specific logp values can be obtained from knowledge of the macroscopic logP value, and of the equilibrium constants between the individual species in water and in octanol. This is illustrated with fluorinated amide rotamers, with integration of rotamer 19F NMR signals as a facile, direct method to obtain logp values. The difference between logp and logP optimization is highlighted, giving rise to a novel avenue for lipophilicity control in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Benjamin Jeffries
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jérôme Graton
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Rodrigo J Carbajo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Davy Sinnaeve
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular, Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, 59000, Lille, France.,CNRS, ERL9002-Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Yves Le Questel
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - James S Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
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24
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Helesbeux JJ, Carro L, McCarthy FO, Moreira VM, Giuntini F, O’Boyle N, Matthews SE, Bayraktar G, Bertrand S, Rochais C, Marchand P. 29th Annual GP2A Medicinal Chemistry Conference. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121278. [PMID: 34959677 PMCID: PMC8708472 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 29th Annual GP2A (Group for the Promotion of Pharmaceutical chemistry in Academia) Conference was a virtual event this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and spanned three days from Wednesday 25 to Friday 27 August 2021. The meeting brought together an international delegation of researchers with interests in medicinal chemistry and interfacing disciplines. Abstracts of keynote lectures given by the 10 invited speakers, along with those of the 8 young researcher talks and the 50 flash presentation posters, are included in this report. Like previous editions, the conference was a real success, with high-level scientific discussions on cutting-edge advances in the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Carro
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Florence O. McCarthy
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, College Road, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Vânia M. Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Niamh O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Susan E. Matthews
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Gülşah Bayraktar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOmer, Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Christophe Rochais
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Normandie Univ., F-14032 Caen, France;
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed, Nantes Université, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-253-009-155
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25
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Lizarme-Salas Y, Yu TT, de Bruin-Dickason C, Kumar N, Hunter L. Fluorinated quorum sensing inhibitors: enhancement of potency through conformational control. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9629-9636. [PMID: 34709279 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01649k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system is a target for non-lethal antibacterial agents that do not encourage the development of resistance. QS inhibitors commonly contain a polar "head" moiety and a lipidic "tail" moiety. In this work, we synthesised novel QS inhibitor candidates in which the lipidic "tail" is decorated with stereospecifically positioned fluorine atoms. The presence of fluorine is shown to bias the molecules into distinctive conformations that are pre-organised for binding to the QS receptor. This translates into significant increases in QS inhibitory potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvixza Lizarme-Salas
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Tsz Tin Yu
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia.
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26
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Berrino E, Michelet B, Martin‐Mingot A, Carta F, Supuran CT, Thibaudeau S. Modulating the Efficacy of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors through Fluorine Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Berrino
- University of Florence NEUROFARBA Dept. Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Bastien Michelet
- Superacid Group in “Organic Synthesis” Team Université de Poitiers CNRS UMR 7285 IC2MP Bât. B28, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 09 France
| | - Agnès Martin‐Mingot
- Superacid Group in “Organic Synthesis” Team Université de Poitiers CNRS UMR 7285 IC2MP Bât. B28, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 09 France
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- University of Florence NEUROFARBA Dept. Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- University of Florence NEUROFARBA Dept. Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- Superacid Group in “Organic Synthesis” Team Université de Poitiers CNRS UMR 7285 IC2MP Bât. B28, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 09 France
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27
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Gilbert A, Langowski P, Paquin JF. Synthesis of N-(2-SF5-ethyl)amines and impact of the SF5 substituent on their basicity and lipophilicity. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Giguère D, St-Gelais J. Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of GB1107: An Orally Active Galectin-3 Antagonist. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1517-7177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSmall-molecule galectin inhibitors are useful research tools that could also be used as potential drug candidates. In that context, GB1107, a monosaccharidic galectin inhibitor, was shown to be an orally active galectin-3 antagonist that inhibits lung adenocarcinoma growth. Herein, a protecting-group-free synthesis of GB1107, along with other analogues is described. Starting from inexpensive levoglucosan, a Payne rearrangement/azidation process was used as key step. Finally, the use of a log P determination method based on 19F NMR spectroscopy was explored to assess the lipophilicity of galectin inhibitors.
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29
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Kurfiřt M, Dračínský M, Červenková Šťastná L, Cuřínová P, Hamala V, Hovorková M, Bojarová P, Karban J. Selectively Deoxyfluorinated N-Acetyllactosamine Analogues as 19 F NMR Probes to Study Carbohydrate-Galectin Interactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:13040-13051. [PMID: 34216419 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are widely expressed galactose-binding lectins implied, for example, in immune regulation, metastatic spreading, and pathogen recognition. N-Acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc, LacNAc) and its oligomeric or glycosylated forms are natural ligands of galectins. To probe substrate specificity and binding mode of galectins, we synthesized a complete series of six mono-deoxyfluorinated analogues of LacNAc, in which each hydroxyl has been selectively replaced by fluorine while the anomeric position has been protected as methyl β-glycoside. Initial evaluation of their binding to human galectin-1 and -3 by ELISA and 19 F NMR T2 -filter revealed that deoxyfluorination at C3, C4' and C6' completely abolished binding to galectin-1 but very weak binding to galectin-3 was still detectable. Moreover, deoxyfluorination of C2' caused an approximately 8-fold increase in the binding affinity towards galectin-1, whereas binding to galectin-3 was essentially not affected. Lipophilicity measurement revealed that deoxyfluorination at the Gal moiety affects log P very differently compared to deoxyfluorination at the GlcNAc moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kurfiřt
- Department of Bioorganic Compounds and Nanocomposites, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Červenková Šťastná
- Department of Bioorganic Compounds and Nanocomposites, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cuřínová
- Department of Bioorganic Compounds and Nanocomposites, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Hamala
- Department of Bioorganic Compounds and Nanocomposites, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hovorková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Karban
- Department of Bioorganic Compounds and Nanocomposites, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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30
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Martins FA, Freitas MP. An examination of the relationship between molecular dipole moment and blood-gas partition for common anaesthetic gases. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6665-6670. [PMID: 34271574 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solubility of inhalational anaesthetics in the bloodstream is related to the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), which is an indicator of anaesthetic gas potency. The blood-gas partition coefficient (Kbg) is a measure of how much anaesthetics bind to plasma proteins in the blood compared to air. Just like the octanol-water partition coefficient, the Kbg may be related to the molecular dipole moment (μ), which can be modulated by the molecular conformation. Our quantum-chemical calculations demonstrated that subtle stereoelectronic interactions, namely those responsible for the anomeric and gauche effects, control the conformational equilibrium of some widely used volatile fluorinated anaesthetics and, consequently, of their molecular dipole moments. Since a remarkable correlation between empirical Kbg and calculated μ was found for these anaesthetics, the average molecular dipole moments may be used to predict the anaesthetic gas potency and other properties, such as lipid solubility, of inhalational anaesthetic analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Matheus P Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
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31
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Kubyshkin V. Experimental lipophilicity scale for coded and noncoded amino acid residues. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7031-7040. [PMID: 34333582 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among other features, the polarity of amino acid residues is the key parameter for understanding their role in proteins. The wide occurrence of protein modifications in nature and the advent of genetic code engineering techniques created a need for an experimental polarity value integrating both coded (canonical) and noncoded (noncanonical) residues on one universal scale. To address this issue, this work reports on a polarity scale based on the experimental lipophilicity of methyl esters of N-acetylamino acids. The derivatization of amino acids was performed in two steps under mild conditions that allowed conversion of a wide array of amino acids into analytical derivatives. The partitioning/distribution between octan-1-ol and water/buffer was measured using the intensity of the NMR signal as a characteristic for the concentration. The reference set of twenty coded amino acids generated log P values spanning 5.1 units: from tryptophan being the most hydrophobic to aspartate being the most hydrophilic. Furthermore, lipophilicity was measured for a set of analogues of phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine, proline, and lysine that are typical in nature and/or laboratory practice. The polarity scale reported here will aid the rationalization of amino acid replacements in proteins, and will guide further efforts in experimental genetic code engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Chemistry Department, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
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32
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Glyn RJ, Pattison G. Effects of Replacing Oxygenated Functionality with Fluorine on Lipophilicity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10246-10259. [PMID: 34213355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of oxygenated functionality (hydroxy and alkoxy) with a fluorine atom is a commonly used bioisosteric replacement in medicinal chemistry. In this paper, we use molecular matched-pair analysis to better understand the effects of this replacement on lipophilicity. It seems that the reduced log P of the oxygenated compound is normally dominant in determining the size of this difference. We observe that the presence of additional electron-donating groups on an aromatic ring generally increases the difference in lipophilicity between an oxygenated compound and its fluorinated analogue, while electron-withdrawing groups lead to smaller differences. Ortho-substituted compounds generally display a reduced difference in log P compared to para- and meta-substituted compounds, particularly if an ortho-substituent can form an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Hydrogen-bond acceptors remote to an aromatic ring containing fluorine/oxygen can also reduce the difference in log P between oxygen- and fluorine-substituted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Glyn
- Chemistry Research and Enterprise Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Graham Pattison
- Chemistry Research and Enterprise Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
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33
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Wheatley DE, Fontenelle CQ, Kuppala R, Szpera R, Briggs EL, Vendeville JB, Wells NJ, Light ME, Linclau B. Synthesis and Structural Characteristics of all Mono- and Difluorinated 4,6-Dideoxy-d- xylo-hexopyranoses. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7725-7756. [PMID: 34029099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions are implicated in many biochemical/biological processes that are fundamental to life and to human health. Fluorinated carbohydrate analogues play an important role in the study of these interactions and find application as probes in chemical biology and as drugs/diagnostics in medicine. The availability and/or efficient synthesis of a wide variety of fluorinated carbohydrates is thus of great interest. Here, we report a detailed study on the synthesis of monosaccharides in which the hydroxy groups at their 4- and 6-positions are replaced by all possible mono- and difluorinated motifs. Minimization of protecting group use was a key aim. It was found that introducing electronegative substituents, either as protecting groups or as deoxygenation intermediates, was generally beneficial for increasing deoxyfluorination yields. A detailed structural study of this set of analogues demonstrated that dideoxygenation/fluorination at the 4,6-positions caused very little distortion both in the solid state and in aqueous solution. Unexpected trends in α/β anomeric ratios were identified. Increasing fluorine content always increased the α/β ratio, with very little difference between regio- or stereoisomers, except when 4,6-difluorinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Wheatley
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Clement Q Fontenelle
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Ramakrishna Kuppala
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Robert Szpera
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Edward L Briggs
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | | | - Neil J Wells
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Mark E Light
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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34
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Berrino E, Michelet B, Martin-Mingot A, Carta F, Supuran CT, Thibaudeau S. Modulating the Efficacy of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors through Fluorine Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23068-23082. [PMID: 34028153 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of fluorine atoms and/or fluoroalkyl groups can lead to many beneficial effects in biologically active molecules, such as enhanced metabolic stability, bioavailability, lipophilicity, and membrane permeability, as well as a strengthening of protein-ligand binding interactions. However, this "magic effect" of fluorine atom(s) insertion can often be meaningless. Taking advantage of the wide range of data coming from the quest for carbonic anhydrase (CA) fluorinated inhibitors, this Minireview attempts to give "general guidelines" on how to wisely insert fluorine atom(s) within an inhibitor moiety to precisely enhance or disrupt ligand-protein interactions, depending on the target location of the fluorine substitution in the ligand. Multiple approaches such as ITC, kinetic and inhibition studies, X-ray crystallography, and NMR spectroscopy are useful in dissecting single binding contributions to the overall observed effect. The exploitation of innovative directions made in the field of protein and ligand-based fluorine NMR screening is also discussed to avoid misconduct and finely tune the exploitation of selective fluorine atom insertion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Berrino
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Bastien Michelet
- Superacid Group in "Organic Synthesis" Team, Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7285 IC2MP, Bât. B28, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Agnès Martin-Mingot
- Superacid Group in "Organic Synthesis" Team, Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7285 IC2MP, Bât. B28, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- Superacid Group in "Organic Synthesis" Team, Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7285 IC2MP, Bât. B28, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
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35
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Hamala V, Červenková Šťastná L, Kurfiřt M, Cuřínová P, Dračínský M, Karban J. Synthesis of multiply fluorinated N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine analogs via the corresponding deoxyfluorinated glucosazide and galactosazide phenyl thioglycosides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1086-1095. [PMID: 34093878 PMCID: PMC8144920 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple fluorination of glycostructures has emerged as an attractive way of modulating their protein affinity, metabolic stability, and lipophilicity. Here we described the synthesis of a series of mono-, di- and trifluorinated N-acetyl-ᴅ-glucosamine and ᴅ-galactosamine analogs. The key intermediates are the corresponding multiply fluorinated glucosazide and galactosazide thioglycosides prepared from deoxyfluorinated 1,6-anhydro-2-azido-β-ᴅ-hexopyranose precursors by ring-opening reaction with phenyl trimethylsilyl sulfide. Nucleophilic deoxyfluorination at C4 and C6 by reaction with DAST, thioglycoside hydrolysis and azide/acetamide transformation completed the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Hamala
- Department of Bioorganic Compounds and Nanocomposites, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Červenková Šťastná
- Department of Bioorganic Compounds and Nanocomposites, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kurfiřt
- Department of Bioorganic Compounds and Nanocomposites, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cuřínová
- Department of Bioorganic Compounds and Nanocomposites, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- NMR Spectroscopy group, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, 16000 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Karban
- Department of Bioorganic Compounds and Nanocomposites, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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36
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Zafrani Y, Parvari G, Amir D, Ghindes-Azaria L, Elias S, Pevzner A, Fridkin G, Berliner A, Gershonov E, Eichen Y, Saphier S, Katalan S. Modulation of the H-Bond Basicity of Functional Groups by α-Fluorine-Containing Functions and its Implications for Lipophilicity and Bioisosterism. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4516-4531. [PMID: 33844540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the H-bond basicity (pKHB) of various functional groups (FGs) by attaching fluorine functions and its impact on lipophilicity and bioisosterism considerations are described. In general, H/F replacement at the α-position to H-bond acceptors leads to a decrease of the pKHB value, resulting, in many cases, in a dramatic increase in the compounds' lipophilicity (log Po/w). In the case of α-CF2H, we found that these properties may also be affected by intramolecular H-bonds between CF2H and the FG. A computational study of ketone and sulfone series revealed that α-fluorination can significantly affect overall polarity, charge distribution, and conformational preference. The unique case of α-di- and trifluoromethyl ketones, which exist in octanol/water phases as ketone, hemiketal, and gem-diol forms, in equilibrium, prevents direct log Po/w determination by conventional methods, and therefore, the specific log Po/w values of these species were determined directly, for the first time, using Linclau's 19F NMR-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Dafna Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Lee Ghindes-Azaria
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Anat Berliner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Eytan Gershonov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Sigal Saphier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shahaf Katalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
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37
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Liu MX, Ding N, Chen S, Yu YL, Wang JH. One-Step Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles Capable of Long-Term Tracking Lipid Droplet for Real-Time Monitoring of Lipid Catabolism and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Lipid-Lowering Drugs. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5284-5290. [PMID: 33724008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular lipid-rich organelles, which not only serve as neutral lipid reservoirs but also involve in many physiological processes and are associated with a variety of metabolic diseases and cancers. Long-term tracking of the state and behavior of LDs is of great significance but challenging. The difficulty is largely due to the lack of low cytotoxicity, high photobleaching resistance, and long intracellular retention probes that are capable of long-term tracking LDs. Herein, we report the discovery of two amphiphilic LD-targeting carbon nanoparticles (CNPs, i.e., CPDs and CDs) prepared by one-step room-temperature and hydrothermal methods. Their high lipid-water partition coefficient (log P > 2.13) and strong positive solvatochromism property ensure the quality of LD imaging. Especially, CDs exhibit favorable biocompatibility (2 mg mL-1, cell viability >90%), excellent photostability (after continuous laser irradiation on a confocal microscope for 2 h, relative FL intensity >85%), and superior intracellular retention ability, thereby enabling long-term tracking of LDs in hepatocytes for up to six passages. Based on the excellent long-term tracking ability, CDs are successfully applied to observe autophagy in a typical catabolic process and to evaluate the effect of a commonly used lipid-lowering drug atorvastatin on hepatocyte lipid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xian Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Na Ding
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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38
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Lainé D, Lessard O, St-Gelais J, Giguère D. From Carbohydrates to Complex Organofluorines: Synthesis, Conformation, and Lipophilicity of Multivicinal-Fluorine-Containing Hexitol Analogues. Chemistry 2021; 27:3799-3805. [PMID: 33290627 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the preparation of fluorine-containing organic molecules. Multivicinal-fluorine analogues are among the most intriguing and promising compounds, but their physical and biological investigations are held back by challenging syntheses. Herein, we report on the synthesis of a large set of novel polyfluorohexitols. The dominant solution-state conformation of all trifluorohexitols was determined, and the solid-state conformations of some analogues were compared. Finally, the lipophilicity of a large set of polyfluorinated hexopyranose and hexitol analogues was attributed by using a log P determination method based on 19 F NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Lainé
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Olivier Lessard
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jacob St-Gelais
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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39
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Louvel D, Ghiazza C, Debrauwer V, Khrouz L, Monnereau C, Tlili A. Forging C-SeCF 3 Bonds with Trifluoromethyl Tolueneselenosulfonate under Visible-Light. CHEM REC 2021; 21:417-426. [PMID: 33502093 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This account highlights some of our recent work on photoinduced trifluoromethylselenolation reactions. This research program relies primarily on the design of a new key shelf-stable selenating reagent that can be involved in various radical processes In particular, we demonstrated that trifluoromethylselenolation of arenes, alkenes, alkynes as well as aliphatic organic building blocks can be readily achieved under visible-light irradiation. Mechanistic investigations based on 19 F NMR studies, EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and luminescence studies allowed us to shed the light on the different proposed mechanisms in the designed methodologies. The applicative potential of these strategies was further demonstrated through the synthesis of bioactive analogue containing SeCF3 motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Louvel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Clément Ghiazza
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Debrauwer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Monnereau
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Anis Tlili
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
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40
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Linclau B, Ardá A, Reichardt NC, Sollogoub M, Unione L, Vincent SP, Jiménez-Barbero J. Fluorinated carbohydrates as chemical probes for molecular recognition studies. Current status and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 49:3863-3888. [PMID: 32520059 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00099b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an extensive summary of the effects of carbohydrate fluorination with regard to changes in physical, chemical and biological properties with respect to regular saccharides. The specific structural, conformational, stability, reactivity and interaction features of fluorinated sugars are described, as well as their applications as probes and in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | | | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Luca Unione
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphane P Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain. and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain and Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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41
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Troup RI, Jeffries B, Saudain REB, Georgiou E, Fish J, Scott JS, Chiarparin E, Fallan C, Linclau B. Skipped Fluorination Motifs: Synthesis of Building Blocks and Comparison of Lipophilicity Trends with Vicinal and Isolated Fluorination Motifs. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1882-1900. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert I. Troup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Benjamin Jeffries
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | | | - Eleni Georgiou
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Johanna Fish
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - James S. Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Charlene Fallan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Bruno Linclau
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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42
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Hamala V, Červenková Šťastná L, Kurfiřt M, Cuřínová P, Balouch M, Hrstka R, Voňka P, Karban J. The effect of deoxyfluorination and O-acylation on the cytotoxicity of N-acetyl-D-gluco- and D-galactosamine hemiacetals. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4497-4506. [PMID: 33949602 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fully acetylated deoxyfluorinated hexosamine analogues and non-fluorinated 3,4,6-tri-O-acylated N-acetyl-hexosamine hemiacetals have previously been shown to display moderate anti-proliferative activity. We prepared a set of deoxyfluorinated GlcNAc and GalNAc hemiacetals that comprised both features: O-acylation at the non-anomeric positions with an acetyl, propionyl and butanoyl group, and deoxyfluorination at selected positions. Determination of the in vitro cytotoxicity towards the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and HEK-293 cell lines showed that deoxyfluorination enhanced cytotoxicity in most analogues. Increasing the ester alkyl chain length had a variable effect on the cytotoxicity of fluoro analogues, which contrasted with non-fluorinated hemiacetals where butanoyl derivatives had always higher cytotoxicity than acetates. Reaction with 2-phenylethanethiol indicated that the recently described S-glyco-modification is an unlikely cause of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Hamala
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic. and University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Červenková Šťastná
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kurfiřt
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic. and University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cuřínová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Balouch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, žlutý kopec 7, Brno, 65653, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Voňka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, žlutý kopec 7, Brno, 65653, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Karban
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
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43
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Martínez JD, Manzano AI, Calviño E, Diego AD, Rodriguez de Francisco B, Romanò C, Oscarson S, Millet O, Gabius HJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, Cañada FJ. Fluorinated Carbohydrates as Lectin Ligands: Simultaneous Screening of a Monosaccharide Library and Chemical Mapping by 19F NMR Spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16072-16081. [PMID: 33258593 PMCID: PMC7773211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition of carbohydrates is a key step in essential biological processes. Carbohydrate receptors can distinguish monosaccharides even if they only differ in a single aspect of the orientation of the hydroxyl groups or harbor subtle chemical modifications. Hydroxyl-by-fluorine substitution has proven its merits for chemically mapping the importance of hydroxyl groups in carbohydrate-receptor interactions. 19F NMR spectroscopy could thus be adapted to allow contact mapping together with screening in compound mixtures. Using a library of fluorinated glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), and galactose (Gal) derived by systematically exchanging every hydroxyl group by a fluorine atom, we developed a strategy combining chemical mapping and 19F NMR T2 filtering-based screening. By testing this strategy on the proof-of-principle level with a library of 13 fluorinated monosaccharides to a set of three carbohydrate receptors of diverse origin, i.e. the human macrophage galactose-type lectin, a plant lectin, Pisum sativum agglutinin, and the bacterial Gal-/Glc-binding protein from Escherichia coli, it became possible to simultaneously define their monosaccharide selectivity and identify the essential hydroxyls for interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Daniel Martínez
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ana I. Manzano
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Calviño
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana de Diego
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cecilia Romanò
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Oscar Millet
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV-EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Cañada
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias
(CIBERES), Avda Monforte
de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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44
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Demchuk OP, Hryshchuk OV, Vashchenko BV, Trofymchuk SA, Melnykov KP, Skreminskiy A, Volochnyuk DM, Grygorenko OO. Fluoroalkyl‐Containing 1,2‐Disubstituted Cyclobutanes: Advanced Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr P. Demchuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V. Hryshchuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | | | - Kostiantyn P. Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | | | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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45
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Hevey R. The Role of Fluorine in Glycomimetic Drug Design. Chemistry 2020; 27:2240-2253. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hevey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Basel, Pharmazentrum Klingelbergstrasse 50 4056 Basel Switzerland
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46
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Wang Q, Lübcke M, Biosca M, Hedberg M, Eriksson L, Himo F, Szabó KJ. Enantioselective Construction of Tertiary Fluoride Stereocenters by Organocatalytic Fluorocyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20048-20057. [PMID: 33191747 PMCID: PMC7735711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
1,1-Disubstituted styrenes with internal
oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles
undergo oxidative fluorocyclization reactions with in situ generated chiral iodine(III)-catalysts. The resulting fluorinated
tetrahydrofurans and pyrrolidines contain a tertiary carbon–fluorine
stereocenter. Application of a new 1-naphthyllactic acid-based iodine(III)-catalyst
allows the control of tertiary carbon–fluorine stereocenters
with up to 96% ee. Density functional theory calculations are performed
to investigate the details of the mechanism and the factors governing
the stereoselectivity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marvin Lübcke
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Biosca
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hedberg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Eriksson
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kálmán J Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Erdeljac N, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Conformational Analysis of Acyclic α-Fluoro Sulfur Motifs. Chemistry 2020; 26:13704-13715. [PMID: 32735052 PMCID: PMC7702044 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive small molecules containing α-fluoro sulfur motifs [RS(O)n CH2 F] are appearing with increasing frequency in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical sectors. Prominent examples include the anti-asthma drug Flovent® and the phenylpyrazole insecticide pyrafluprole. Given the popularity of these structural units in bioactive small molecule design, together with the varying oxidation states of sulfur, a conformational analysis of α-fluoro sulfides, sulfoxides, and sulfones, would be instructive in order to delineate the non-covalent interactions that manifest themselves in structure. A combined crystallographic and computational analysis demonstrates the importance of hyperconjugative donor-acceptor interactions in achieving acyclic conformational control. The conformational disparity in the syn- and anti-diastereoisomers of α-fluorosulfoxides is particularly noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Erdeljac
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
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48
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Chernykh AV, Olifir OS, Kuchkovska YO, Volochnyuk DM, Yarmolchuk VS, Grygorenko OO. Fluoroalkyl-Substituted Cyclopropane Derivatives: Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12692-12702. [PMID: 32870003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of all 12 cis- and trans-cyclopropanecarboxylic acids and cyclopropylamines bearing CH2F, CHF2, and CF3 substituents were synthesized by different methods on a multigram scale. Dissociation constants (pKa) and log P values were measured for the obtained compounds or their derivatives to evaluate the influence of the type and relative position of fluoroalkyl substituents on the acidity and lipophilicity of monofunctionalized cyclopropanes. An analysis of the selected products by X-ray crystallography was carried out to obtain a better insight into the observed differences in physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleksandr S Olifir
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Yuliya O Kuchkovska
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | | | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
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49
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St-Gelais J, Côté É, Lainé D, Johnson PA, Giguère D. Addressing the Structural Complexity of Fluorinated Glucose Analogues: Insight into Lipophilicities and Solvation Effects. Chemistry 2020; 26:13499-13506. [PMID: 32652740 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized all mono-, di-, and trifluorinated glucopyranose analogues at positions C-2, C-3, C-4, and C-6. This systematic investigation allowed us to perform direct comparison of 19 F resonances of fluorinated glucose analogues and also to determine their lipophilicities. Compounds with a fluorine atom at C-6 are usually the most hydrophilic, whereas those with vicinal polyfluorinated motifs are the most lipophilic. Finally, the solvation energies of fluorinated glucose analogues were assessed for the first time by using density functional theory. This method allowed the log P prediction of fluoroglucose analogues, which was comparable to the C log P values obtained from various web-based programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob St-Gelais
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Émilie Côté
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Danny Lainé
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Paul A Johnson
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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50
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Jeffries B, Wang Z, Troup RI, Goupille A, Le Questel JY, Fallan C, Scott JS, Chiarparin E, Graton J, Linclau B. Lipophilicity trends upon fluorination of isopropyl, cyclopropyl and 3-oxetanyl groups. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2141-2150. [PMID: 32952731 PMCID: PMC7476584 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic comparison of lipophilicity modulations upon fluorination of isopropyl, cyclopropyl and 3-oxetanyl substituents, at a single carbon atom, is provided using directly comparable, and easily accessible model compounds. In addition, comparison with relevant linear chain derivatives is provided, as well as lipophilicity changes occurring upon chain extension of acyclic precursors to give cyclopropyl containing compounds. For the compounds investigated, fluorination of the isopropyl substituent led to larger lipophilicity modulation compared to fluorination of the cyclopropyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jeffries
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Robert I Troup
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Anaïs Goupille
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Charlene Fallan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - James S Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | | | - Jérôme Graton
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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