1
|
Eslami SM, van der Donk WA. Proteases Involved in Leader Peptide Removal during RiPP Biosynthesis. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2024; 4:20-36. [PMID: 38404746 PMCID: PMC10885120 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) have received much attention in recent years because of their promising bioactivities and the portability of their biosynthetic pathways. Heterologous expression studies of RiPP biosynthetic enzymes identified by genome mining often leave a leader peptide on the final product to prevent toxicity to the host and to allow the attachment of a genetically encoded affinity purification tag. Removal of the leader peptide to produce the mature natural product is then carried out in vitro with either a commercial protease or a protease that fulfills this task in the producing organism. This review covers the advances in characterizing these latter cognate proteases from bacterial RiPPs and their utility as sequence-dependent proteases. The strategies employed for leader peptide removal have been shown to be remarkably diverse. They include one-step removal by a single protease, two-step removal by two dedicated proteases, and endoproteinase activity followed by aminopeptidase activity by the same protease. Similarly, the localization of the proteolytic step varies from cytoplasmic cleavage to leader peptide removal during secretion to extracellular leader peptide removal. Finally, substrate recognition ranges from highly sequence specific with respect to the leader and/or modified core peptide to nonsequence specific mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Eslami
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, University of
Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Calugi L, Sautariello G, Lenci E, Mattei ML, Coppa C, Cini N, Contini A, Trabocchi A. Identification of a short ACE2-derived stapled peptide targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115118. [PMID: 36682293 PMCID: PMC9842534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a series of peptide derivatives based on a short ACE2 α-helix 1 epitope and subsequent [i - i+4] stapling of the secondary structure resulted in the identification of a 9-mer peptide capable to compete with recombinant ACE2 towards Spike RBD in the micromolar range. Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 Spike inhibitor screening based on colorimetric ELISA assay and structural studies by circular dichroism showed the ring-closing metathesis cyclization being capable to stabilize the helical structure of the 9-mer 34HEAEDLFYQ42 epitope better than the triazole stapling via click chemistry. MD simulations showed the stapled peptide being able not only to bind the Spike RBD, sterically interfering with ACE2, but also showing higher affinity to the target as compared to parent epitope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Calugi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Sautariello
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lenci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Leucio Mattei
- General Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Crescenzo Coppa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cini
- General Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Contini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mordhorst S, Ruijne F, Vagstad AL, Kuipers OP, Piel J. Emulating nonribosomal peptides with ribosomal biosynthetic strategies. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:7-36. [PMID: 36685251 PMCID: PMC9811515 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide natural products are important lead structures for human drugs and many nonribosomal peptides possess antibiotic activity. This makes them interesting targets for engineering approaches to generate peptide analogues with, for example, increased bioactivities. Nonribosomal peptides are produced by huge mega-enzyme complexes in an assembly-line like manner, and hence, these biosynthetic pathways are challenging to engineer. In the past decade, more and more structural features thought to be unique to nonribosomal peptides were found in ribosomally synthesised and posttranslationally modified peptides as well. These streamlined ribosomal pathways with modifying enzymes that are often promiscuous and with gene-encoded precursor proteins that can be modified easily, offer several advantages to produce designer peptides. This review aims to provide an overview of recent progress in this emerging research area by comparing structural features common to both nonribosomal and ribosomally synthesised and posttranslationally modified peptides in the first part and highlighting synthetic biology strategies for emulating nonribosomal peptides by ribosomal pathway engineering in the second part.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silja Mordhorst
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Fleur Ruijne
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anna L Vagstad
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Possible Functional Roles of Patellamides in the Ascidian-Prochloron Symbiosis. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020119. [PMID: 35200648 PMCID: PMC8875616 DOI: 10.3390/md20020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patellamides are highly bioactive compounds found along with other cyanobactins in the symbiosis between didemnid ascidians and the enigmatic cyanobacterium Prochloron. The biosynthetic pathway of patellamide synthesis is well understood, the relevant operons have been identified in the Prochloron genome and genes involved in patellamide synthesis are among the most highly transcribed cyanobacterial genes in hospite. However, a more detailed study of the in vivo dynamics of patellamides and their function in the ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis is complicated by the fact that Prochloron remains uncultivated despite numerous attempts since its discovery in 1975. A major challenge is to account for the highly dynamic microenvironmental conditions experienced by Prochloron in hospite, where light-dark cycles drive rapid shifts between hyperoxia and anoxia as well as pH variations from pH ~6 to ~10. Recently, work on patellamide analogues has pointed out a range of different catalytic functions of patellamide that could prove essential for the ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis and could be modulated by the strong microenvironmental dynamics. Here, we review fundamental properties of patellamides and their occurrence and dynamics in vitro and in vivo. We discuss possible functions of patellamides in the ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis and identify important knowledge gaps and needs for further experimental studies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Brewster RC, Labeaga IC, Soden CE, Jarvis AG. Macrocylases as synthetic tools for ligand synthesis: enzymatic synthesis of cyclic peptides containing metal-binding amino acids. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211098. [PMID: 34737880 PMCID: PMC8564625 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improving the sustainability of synthesis is a major goal in green chemistry, which has been greatly aided by the development of asymmetric transition metal catalysis. Recent advances in asymmetric catalysis show that the ability to control the coordination sphere of substrates can lead to improvements in enantioselectivity and activity, in a manner resembling the operation of enzymes. Peptides can be used to mimic enzyme structures and their secondary interactions and they are easily accessible through solid-phase peptide synthesis. Despite this, cyclic peptides remain underexplored as chiral ligands for catalysis due to synthetic complications upon macrocyclization. Here, we show that the solid-phase synthesis of peptides containing metal-binding amino acids, bipyridylalanine (1), phenyl pyridylalanine (2) and N,N-dimethylhistidine (3) can be combined with peptide macrocylization using peptide cyclase 1 (PCY1) to yield cyclic peptides under mild conditions. High conversions of the linear peptides were observed (approx. 90%) and the Cu-bound cyclo(FSAS(1)SSKP) was shown to be a competent catalyst in the Friedel-Crafts/conjugate addition of indole. This study shows that PCY1 can tolerate peptides containing amino acids with classic inorganic and organometallic ligands as side chains, opening the door to the streamlined and efficient development of cyclic peptides as metal ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Brewster
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
| | - Irati Colmenero Labeaga
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
| | - Catriona E. Soden
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
| | - Amanda G. Jarvis
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu D, Rubin GM, Dhakal D, Chen M, Ding Y. Biocatalytic synthesis of peptidic natural products and related analogues. iScience 2021; 24:102512. [PMID: 34041453 PMCID: PMC8141463 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidic natural products (PNPs) represent a rich source of lead compounds for the discovery and development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, the chemical synthesis of PNPs with diverse modifications for drug research is often faced with significant challenges, including the unavailability of constituent nonproteinogenic amino acids, inefficient cyclization protocols, and poor compatibility with other functional groups. Advances in the understanding of PNP biosynthesis and biocatalysis provide a promising, sustainable alternative for the synthesis of these compounds and their analogues. Here we discuss current progress in using native and engineered biosynthetic enzymes for the production of both ribosomally and nonribosomally synthesized peptides. In addition, we highlight new in vitro and in vivo approaches for the generation and screening of PNP libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dake Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Garret M. Rubin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Manyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Begini F, Balaguez RA, Larroza A, Lopes EF, Lenardão EJ, Santi C, Alves D. Synthesis of 4-Arylselanyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazoles from Selenium-Containing Carbinols. Molecules 2021; 26:2224. [PMID: 33921473 PMCID: PMC8070154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a simple way to achieve 4-arylselanyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles from selenium-containing carbinols in a one-pot strategy. The selenium-containing carbinols were used as starting materials to produce a range of selanyl-triazoles in moderate to good yields, including a quinoline and Zidovudine derivatives. One-pot protocols are crucial to the current concerns about waste production and solvent consumption, avoiding the isolation and purification steps of the reactive terminal selanylalkynes. We could also isolate an interesting and unprecedented by-product with one alkynylselenium moiety connected to the triazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Begini
- Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Renata A. Balaguez
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Brazil; (R.A.B.); (A.L.); (E.F.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Allya Larroza
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Brazil; (R.A.B.); (A.L.); (E.F.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Eric F. Lopes
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Brazil; (R.A.B.); (A.L.); (E.F.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Brazil; (R.A.B.); (A.L.); (E.F.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Claudio Santi
- Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Diego Alves
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Brazil; (R.A.B.); (A.L.); (E.F.L.); (E.J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Montalbán-López M, Scott TA, Ramesh S, Rahman IR, van Heel AJ, Viel JH, Bandarian V, Dittmann E, Genilloud O, Goto Y, Grande Burgos MJ, Hill C, Kim S, Koehnke J, Latham JA, Link AJ, Martínez B, Nair SK, Nicolet Y, Rebuffat S, Sahl HG, Sareen D, Schmidt EW, Schmitt L, Severinov K, Süssmuth RD, Truman AW, Wang H, Weng JK, van Wezel GP, Zhang Q, Zhong J, Piel J, Mitchell DA, Kuipers OP, van der Donk WA. New developments in RiPP discovery, enzymology and engineering. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:130-239. [PMID: 32935693 PMCID: PMC7864896 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to June 2020Ribosomally-synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a large group of natural products. A community-driven review in 2013 described the emerging commonalities in the biosynthesis of RiPPs and the opportunities they offered for bioengineering and genome mining. Since then, the field has seen tremendous advances in understanding of the mechanisms by which nature assembles these compounds, in engineering their biosynthetic machinery for a wide range of applications, and in the discovery of entirely new RiPP families using bioinformatic tools developed specifically for this compound class. The First International Conference on RiPPs was held in 2019, and the meeting participants assembled the current review describing new developments since 2013. The review discusses the new classes of RiPPs that have been discovered, the advances in our understanding of the installation of both primary and secondary post-translational modifications, and the mechanisms by which the enzymes recognize the leader peptides in their substrates. In addition, genome mining tools used for RiPP discovery are discussed as well as various strategies for RiPP engineering. An outlook section presents directions for future research.
Collapse
|
10
|
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Library of AGE‐Related Amino Acid Triazole Crosslinkers. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
11
|
Rečnik LM, Kandioller W, Mindt TL. 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles as Amide Bond Surrogates for the Stabilisation of Linear Peptides with Biological Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E3576. [PMID: 32781656 PMCID: PMC7465391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides represent an important class of biologically active molecules with high potential for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents due to their structural diversity, favourable pharmacokinetic properties, and synthetic availability. However, the widespread use of peptides and conjugates thereof in clinical applications can be hampered by their low stability in vivo due to rapid degradation by endogenous proteases. A promising approach to circumvent this potential limitation includes the substitution of metabolically labile amide bonds in the peptide backbone by stable isosteric amide bond mimetics. In this review, we focus on the incorporation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as amide bond surrogates in linear peptides with the aim to increase their stability without impacting their biological function(s). We highlight the properties of this heterocycle as a trans-amide bond surrogate and summarise approaches for the synthesis of triazole-containing peptidomimetics via the Cu(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The impacts of the incorporation of triazoles in the backbone of diverse peptides on their biological properties such as, e.g., blood serum stability and affinity as well as selectivity towards their respective molecular target(s) are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Rečnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sarkar S, Gu W, Schmidt EW. Expanding the chemical space of synthetic cyclic peptides using a promiscuous macrocyclase from prenylagaramide biosynthesis. ACS Catal 2020; 10:7146-7153. [PMID: 33457065 PMCID: PMC7805243 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are excellent drug candidates, placing macrocyclization reactions at the apex of drug development. PatG and related dual-action proteases from cyanobactin biosynthesis are responsible for cleaving off the C-terminal recognition sequence and macrocyclizing the substrate to provide cyclic peptides. This reaction has found use in the enzymatic synthesis of diverse macrocycles. However, these enzymes function best on substrates that terminate with the non-proteinogenic thiazole/thiazoline residue, complicating synthetic strategies. Here, we biochemically characterize a new class of PatG-like macrocyclases that natively use proline, obviating the necessity of additional chemical or biochemical steps. We experimentally define the biochemical steps involved in synthesizing the widespread prenylagaramide-like natural products, including macrocyclization and prenylation. Using saturation mutagenesis, we show that macrocyclase PagG and prenyltransferase PagF are highly promiscuous, producing a library of more than 100 cyclic peptides and their prenylated derivatives in vitro. By comparing our results to known cyanobactin macrocyclases, we catalog a series of enzymes from this family that should synthesize most small macrocycles. Collectively, these data reveal that, by selecting the right cyanobactin macrocyclase, a large array of enzymatically synthesized macrocycles are accessible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Sarkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Wenjia Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Schilling PE, Kontaxis G, Dragosits M, Schiestl RH, Becker CFW, Maier I. Mannosylated hemagglutinin peptides bind cyanovirin-N independent of disulfide-bonds in complementary binding sites. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11079-11087. [PMID: 35495330 PMCID: PMC9050506 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01128b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) has been shown to reveal broad neutralizing activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to specifically bind Manα(1→2)Manα units exposed on various glycoproteins of enveloped viruses, such as influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and Ebola glycoprotein. Chemically synthesized dimannosylated HA peptides bound domain-swapped and dimeric CV-N with either four disulfide-bonds (Cys–Cys), or three Cys–Cys bonds and an intact fold of the high-affinity binding site at an equilibrium dissociation constant KD of 10 μM. Cys–Cys mutagenesis with ion-pairing amino-acids glutamic acid and arginine was calculated by in silico structure-based protein design and allowed for recognizing dimannose and dimannosylated peptide binding to low-affinity binding sites (KD ≈ 11 μM for one C58–C73 bond, and binding to dimannosylated peptide). In comparison, binding to HA was achieved based on one ion-pairing C58E–C73R substitution at KD = 275 nM, and KD = 5 μM for two C58E–C73R substitutions. We were utilizing a triazole bioisostere linkage to form the respective mannosylated-derivative on the HA peptide sequence of residues glutamine, glycine, and glutamic acid. Thus, mono- and dimannosylated peptides with N-terminal cysteine facilitated site-specific interactions with HA peptides, mimicking a naturally found N-linked glycosylation site on the HA head domain. Di-mannosylated peptides reveal mannose binding to cyanovirin-N (CV-N) low-affinity binding sites.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp E Schilling
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Georg Kontaxis
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna Campus Vienna Bohrgasse 5 A-1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Dragosits
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Muthgasse 18 A-1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Robert H Schiestl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles CA-90095 USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South Los Angeles CA-90095 USA +1-310-267-2578 +1-310-267-2087
| | - Christian F W Becker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Irene Maier
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38 A-1090 Vienna Austria.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South Los Angeles CA-90095 USA +1-310-267-2578 +1-310-267-2087
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu X, Zhou X, Shen B, Kim Y, Wang H, Pan W, Kim J, Lee M. Porous Nanosheet Assembly for Macrocyclization and Self-Release. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1904-1910. [PMID: 31927918 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic structures are challenging synthetic targets owing to various potential applications ranging from drug discovery to nanomaterials. Their use, however, is highly limited due to synthetic difficulties arising from an entropic penalty for folding of linear chains. Here, we report single-layered porous nanosheets with 2D ordered internal cavities that act as a highly efficient macrocycle generator, changing linear substrates to release as macrocycles in aqueous methanol solution. The nanosheets with hydrophobic cavities encapsulate a linear substrate with nearly perfect uptake, perform clean cyclization, and then spontaneously release as a pure macrocycle. The self-separation of the macrocycle that precipitates from the solution leads to repeated cycles of macrocycle generation; thereby, the single-layered porous materials enabling catch and release offer a powerful novel strategy for repeated macrocycle generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Xiaobin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Bowen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Yongju Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science & Technology , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Huaxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Wanting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Jehan Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Postech , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 790-784 , Korea
| | - Myongsoo Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Virelli M, Wang W, Kuniyil R, Wu J, Zanoni G, Fernandez A, Scott J, Vendrell M, Ackermann L. BODIPY‐Labeled Cyclobutanes by Secondary C(sp
3
)−H Arylations for Live‐Cell Imaging. Chemistry 2019; 25:12712-12718. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Virelli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Wei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Jun Wu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Antonio Fernandez
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Jamie Scott
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Potsdamer Strasse 58 10785 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ojo OS, Nardone B, Musolino SF, Neal AR, Wilson L, Lebl T, Slawin AMZ, Cordes DB, Taylor JE, Naismith JH, Smith AD, Westwood NJ. Synthesis of the natural product descurainolide and cyclic peptides from lignin-derived aromatics. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:266-273. [PMID: 29242868 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02697h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alternative sources of potential feedstock chemicals are of increasing importance as the availability of oil decreases. The biopolymer lignin is viewed as a source of useful mono-aromatic compounds as exemplified by the industrial scale production of vanillin from this biomass. Alternative lignin-derived aromatics are available in pure form but to date examples of the use of these types of compounds are rare. Here we address this issue by reporting the conversion of an aromatic keto-alcohol to the anti- and syn-isomers of Descurainolide A. The key step involves a rhodium-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction. Enantio-enriched allylic alcohols were generated via an isothiourea-catalyzed kinetic resolution enabling access to both the (2R,3R) and (2S,3S) enantiomers of anti-Descurainolide A. In addition we show that the lignin-derived keto-alcohols can be converted into unnatural amino acid derivatives of tyrosine. Finally, these amino acids were incorporated into cyclic peptide scaffolds through the use of both chemical and an enzyme-mediated macrocylisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Stephen Ojo
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews and EaStCHEM, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stefanucci A, Lei W, Pieretti S, Novellino E, Dimmito MP, Marzoli F, Streicher JM, Mollica A. On resin click-chemistry-mediated synthesis of novel enkephalin analogues with potent anti-nociceptive activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5771. [PMID: 30962495 PMCID: PMC6453917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the chemical synthesis of two DPDPE analogues 7a (NOVA1) and 7b (NOVA2). This entailed the solid-phase synthesis of two enkephalin precursor chains followed by a CuI-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, with the aim of improving in vivo analgesic efficacy versus DPDPE. NOVA2 showed good affinity and selectivity for the μ-opioid receptor (KI of 59.2 nM, EC50 of 12.9 nM, EMax of 87.3%), and long lasting anti-nociceptive effects in mice when compared to DPDPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale Ricerca e Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei farmaci, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilisa Pia Dimmito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Marzoli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale Ricerca e Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei farmaci, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen A, Samankumara LP, Dodlapati S, Wang D, Adhikari S, Wang G. Syntheses of
Bis
‐Triazole Linked Carbohydrate Based Macrocycles and Their Applications for Accelerating Copper Sulfate Mediated Click Reaction. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anji Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Old Dominion University 4541 Hampton Boulevard 23529 Norfolk VA USA
| | - Lalith P. Samankumara
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 900 Ridgebury Road 06877 Ridgefield CT USA
| | - Sanjeeva Dodlapati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Old Dominion University 4541 Hampton Boulevard 23529 Norfolk VA USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Old Dominion University 4541 Hampton Boulevard 23529 Norfolk VA USA
| | - Surya Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Old Dominion University 4541 Hampton Boulevard 23529 Norfolk VA USA
| | - Guijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Old Dominion University 4541 Hampton Boulevard 23529 Norfolk VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are an emerging class of therapeutics that can modulate targets not amenable to traditional small molecule intervention (e.g., protein-protein interactions). However, N-to-C macrocyclization of peptides is a challenging and often a low yielding chemical transformation. Several macrocyclases from cyanobactin biosynthetic clusters have been used to catalyze this reaction.This chapter provides practical guidance to the processes of heterologous expression and purification of these enzymes as well as performing in vitro biochemical reactions. Finally, approaches to recover the final product from an enzymatic reaction mixture are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael E Houssen
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Athiyarath V, Sureshan KM. Spontaneous Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Evolution of Two Cross-Laminated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Athiyarath
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695 551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695 551 India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Athiyarath V, Sureshan KM. Spontaneous Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Evolution of Two Cross-Laminated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:612-617. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Athiyarath
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695 551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695 551 India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gu W, Sardar D, Pierce E, Schmidt EW. Roads to Rome: Role of Multiple Cassettes in Cyanobactin RiPP Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16213-16221. [PMID: 30387998 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are ubiquitous natural products. Bioactive RiPPs are produced from a precursor peptide, which is modified by enzymes. Usually, a single product is encoded in a precursor peptide. However, in cyanobactins and several other RiPP pathways, a single precursor peptide encodes multiple bioactive products flanking with recognition sequences known as "cassettes". The role of multiple cassettes in one peptide is mysterious, but in general their presence is a marker of biosynthetic plasticity. Here, we show that in cyanobactin biosynthesis the presence of multiple cassettes confers distributive enzyme processing to multiple steps of the pathway, a feature we propose to be a hallmark of multicassette RiPPs. TruD heterocyclase is stochastic and distributive. Although a canonical biosynthetic route is favored with certain substrates, every conceivable biosynthetic route is accepted. Together, these factors afford greater plasticity to the biosynthetic pathway by equalizing the processing of each cassette, enabling access to chemical diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Debosmita Sardar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Elizabeth Pierce
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Eric W Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Goto Y, Suga H. Engineering of RiPP pathways for the production of artificial peptides bearing various non-proteinogenic structures. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 46:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
25
|
Gu W, Dong SH, Sarkar S, Nair SK, Schmidt EW. The Biochemistry and Structural Biology of Cyanobactin Pathways: Enabling Combinatorial Biosynthesis. Methods Enzymol 2018; 604:113-163. [PMID: 29779651 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobactin biosynthetic enzymes have exceptional versatility in the synthesis of natural and unnatural products. Cyanobactins are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides synthesized by multistep pathways involving a broad suite of enzymes, including heterocyclases/cyclodehydratases, macrocyclases, proteases, prenyltransferases, methyltransferases, and others. Here, we describe the enzymology and structural biology of cyanobactin biosynthetic enzymes, aiming at the twin goals of understanding biochemical mechanisms and biosynthetic plasticity. We highlight how this common suite of enzymes may be utilized to generate a large array or structurally and chemically diverse compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Shi-Hui Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Snigdha Sarkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Satish K Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
| | - Eric W Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ludewig H, Czekster CM, Oueis E, Munday ES, Arshad M, Synowsky SA, Bent AF, Naismith JH. Characterization of the Fast and Promiscuous Macrocyclase from Plant PCY1 Enables the Use of Simple Substrates. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:801-811. [PMID: 29377663 PMCID: PMC5859912 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic ribosomally derived peptides possess diverse bioactivities and are currently of major interest in drug development. However, it can be chemically challenging to synthesize these molecules, hindering the diversification and testing of cyclic peptide leads. Enzymes used in vitro offer a solution to this; however peptide macrocyclization remains the bottleneck. PCY1, involved in the biosynthesis of plant orbitides, belongs to the class of prolyl oligopeptidases and natively displays substrate promiscuity. PCY1 is a promising candidate for in vitro utilization, but its substrates require an 11 to 16 residue C-terminal recognition tail. We have characterized PCY1 both kinetically and structurally with multiple substrate complexes revealing the molecular basis of recognition and catalysis. Using these insights, we have identified a three residue C-terminal extension that replaces the natural recognition tail permitting PCY1 to operate on synthetic substrates. We demonstrate that PCY1 can macrocyclize a variety of substrates with this short tail, including unnatural amino acids and nonamino acids, highlighting PCY1's potential in biocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Ludewig
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Clarissa M. Czekster
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Oueis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth S. Munday
- EaStChem, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia A. Synowsky
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew F. Bent
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James H. Naismith
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
- Biotherapy Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meister D, Taimoory SM, Trant JF. Unnatural amino acids improve affinity and modulate immunogenicity: Developing peptides to treat MHC type II autoimmune disorders. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meister
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - S. Maryamdokht Taimoory
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - John F. Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaldas SJ, Yudin AK. Achieving Skeletal Diversity in Peptide Macrocycles through The Use of Heterocyclic Grafts. Chemistry 2018; 24:7074-7082. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif J. Kaldas
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bauer M, Wang W, Lorion MM, Dong C, Ackermann L. Internal Peptide Late-Stage Diversification: Peptide-Isosteric Triazoles for Primary and Secondary C(sp 3 )-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:203-207. [PMID: 29135064 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Secondary C(sp3 )-H arylations were accomplished by palladium catalysis with triazoles as peptide bond isosteres. The unique power of this approach is highlighted by the possibility of achieving secondary C(sp3 )-H functionalizations on terminal peptides as well as the unprecedented positional-selective C(sp3 )-H functionalization of internal peptide positions, setting the stage for modular peptide late-stage diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Bauer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mélanie M Lorion
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Internal Peptide Late-Stage Diversification: Peptide-Isosteric Triazoles for Primary and Secondary C(sp3
)−H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
31
|
Schmidt M, Toplak A, Quaedflieg PJLM, van Maarseveen JH, Nuijens T. Enzyme-catalyzed peptide cyclization. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2017; 26:11-16. [PMID: 29249237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent advancement of peptide macrocycles as promising therapeutics creates a need for novel methodologies for their efficient synthesis and (large scale) production. Within this context, due to the favorable properties of biocatalysts, enzyme-mediated methodologies have gained great interest. Enzymes such as sortase A, butelase 1, peptiligase and omniligase-1 represent extremely powerful and valuable enzymatic tools for peptide ligation, since they can be applied to generate complex cyclic peptides with exquisite biological activity. Therefore, the use of enzymatic strategies will effectively supplement the scope of existing chemical methodologies and will accelerate the development of future cyclic peptide therapeutics. The advantages and disadvantages of the different enzymatic methodologies will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schmidt
- EnzyPep B.V., Brightlands Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands; Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Toplak
- EnzyPep B.V., Brightlands Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan H van Maarseveen
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Nuijens
- EnzyPep B.V., Brightlands Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oueis E, Stevenson H, Jaspars M, Westwood NJ, Naismith JH. Bypassing the proline/thiazoline requirement of the macrocyclase PatG. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12274-12277. [PMID: 29090689 PMCID: PMC5708355 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06550g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is a fast developing field in which an enzyme's natural capabilities are harnessed or engineered for synthetic chemistry. The enzyme PatG is an extremely promiscuous macrocyclase enzyme tolerating both non-natural amino acids and non-amino acids within the substrate. It does, however, require a proline or thiazoline at the C-terminal position of the core peptide which means the final product must contain this group. Here, we show guided by structural insight we have identified two synthetic routes, triazole and a double cysteine, that circumvent this requirement. With the triazole, we show PatGmac can macrocyclise substrates that do not contain any amino acids in the final product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Oueis
- Biomedical Science Research Complex & School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , BSRC , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - H. Stevenson
- Biomedical Science Research Complex & School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , BSRC , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - M. Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Aberdeen , Old Aberdeen , AB24 3UE , UK
| | - N. J. Westwood
- Biomedical Science Research Complex & School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , BSRC , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - J. H. Naismith
- Biomedical Science Research Complex & School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , BSRC , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy , Sichuan University , China
- Division of Structural Biology , Oxford University , OX3 7BN , UK
- Research Complex at Harwell , Didicot, Oxon , OX11 0FA , UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Characterization of a dual function macrocyclase enables design and use of efficient macrocyclization substrates. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1045. [PMID: 29051530 PMCID: PMC5648786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide macrocycles are promising therapeutic molecules because they are protease resistant, structurally rigid, membrane permeable, and capable of modulating protein-protein interactions. Here, we report the characterization of the dual function macrocyclase-peptidase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the highly toxic amanitin toxin family of macrocycles. The enzyme first removes 10 residues from the N-terminus of a 35-residue substrate. Conformational trapping of the 25 amino-acid peptide forces the enzyme to release this intermediate rather than proceed to macrocyclization. The enzyme rebinds the 25 amino-acid peptide in a different conformation and catalyzes macrocyclization of the N-terminal eight residues. Structures of the enzyme bound to both substrates and biophysical analysis characterize the different binding modes rationalizing the mechanism. Using these insights simpler substrates with only five C-terminal residues were designed, allowing the enzyme to be more effectively exploited in biotechnology.
Collapse
|
34
|
Scoccia J, Pérez SJ, Sinka V, Cruz DA, López-Soria JM, Fernández I, Martín VS, Miranda PO, Padrón JI. Direct Access to 2,3,4,6-Tetrasubstituted Tetrahydro-2H-pyrans via Tandem SN2′–Prins Cyclization. Org Lett 2017; 19:4834-4837. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Scoccia
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av Alem 1253, 800 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- INQUISUR, CONICET, Av Alem 1253, 800 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Sixto J. Pérez
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”
(CIBICAN), “Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Unidad
Asociada al CSIC”, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Victoria Sinka
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Daniel A. Cruz
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”
(CIBICAN), “Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Unidad
Asociada al CSIC”, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan M. López-Soria
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor S. Martín
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”
(CIBICAN), “Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Unidad
Asociada al CSIC”, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro O. Miranda
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan I. Padrón
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”
(CIBICAN), “Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Unidad
Asociada al CSIC”, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Strack M, Billard É, Chatenet D, Lubell WD. Urotensin core mimics that modulate the biological activity of urotensin-II related peptide but not urotensin-II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
The synthesis and utilization of all carbon-chain 'carbocontiguous' azidoalkynyl precursors for an intramolecular click reaction is described. The substrates contain both azidoalkyl and ethynylmethyl groups which are conjoined by a 2-(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-4,5-diphenyloxazole lynchpin and are suitably disposed for ring closure. On promotion by copper salts, a number of cyclic click products having the 1,4-disubstituted endo-fused triazole component and the 4,5-diphenyloxazole component are obtained. In one case, removal of the phenylsulfonylmethyl group from the substrate prior to cyclization gave the 1,5-disubstituted exo-fused triazole. The utilization of CuSO4/sodium ascorbate system appears to be the optimal conditions for closure/cyclization and afforded the cyclized products in yields of 84-95%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin C Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292 USA
| | - Frederick A Luzzio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292 USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
![]()
Prolyl
oligopeptidase B from Galerina marginata (GmPOPB)
has recently been discovered as a peptidase capable of
breaking and forming peptide bonds to yield a cyclic peptide. Despite
the relevance of prolyl oligopeptidases in human biology and disease,
a kinetic analysis pinpointing rate-limiting steps for a member of
this enzyme family is not available. Macrocyclase enzymes are currently
exploited to produce cyclic peptides with potential therapeutic applications.
Cyclic peptides are promising druglike molecules because of their
stability and conformational rigidity. Here we describe an in-depth
kinetic characterization of a prolyl oligopeptidase acting as a macrocyclase
enzyme. By combining steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics, we
propose a kinetic sequence in which a step after macrocyclization
limits steady-state turnover. Additionally, product release is ordered,
where the cyclic peptide departs first followed by the peptide tail.
Dissociation of the peptide tail is slow and significantly contributes
to the turnover rate. Furthermore, trapping of the enzyme by the peptide
tail becomes significant beyond initial rate conditions. The presence
of a burst of product formation and a large viscosity effect further
support the rate-limiting nature of a physical step occurring after
macrocyclization. This is the first detailed description of the kinetic
sequence of a macrocyclase enzyme from this class. GmPOPB is among
the fastest macrocyclases described to date, and this work is a necessary
step toward designing broad-specificity efficient macrocyclases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M Czekster
- School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews K16 9ST, U.K
| | - James H Naismith
- School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews K16 9ST, U.K.,Biotherapy Centre, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Burkhart BJ, Schwalen CJ, Mann G, Naismith JH, Mitchell DA. YcaO-Dependent Posttranslational Amide Activation: Biosynthesis, Structure, and Function. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5389-5456. [PMID: 28256131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With advances in sequencing technology, uncharacterized proteins and domains of unknown function (DUFs) are rapidly accumulating in sequence databases and offer an opportunity to discover new protein chemistry and reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review, the formerly enigmatic YcaO superfamily (DUF181), has been found to catalyze a unique phosphorylation of a ribosomal peptide backbone amide upon attack by different nucleophiles. Established nucleophiles are the side chains of Cys, Ser, and Thr which gives rise to azoline/azole biosynthesis in ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products. However, much remains unknown about the potential for YcaO proteins to collaborate with other nucleophiles. Recent work suggests potential in forming thioamides, macroamidines, and possibly additional post-translational modifications. This review covers all knowledge through mid-2016 regarding the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), natural products, functions, mechanisms, and applications of YcaO proteins and outlines likely future research directions for this protein superfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greg Mann
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University , Sichuan, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Oueis E, Nardone B, Jaspars M, Westwood NJ, Naismith JH. Synthesis of Hybrid Cyclopeptides through Enzymatic Macrocyclization. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:11-14. [PMID: 28168143 PMCID: PMC5288752 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products comprise a diverse array of molecules, many of which are biologically active. Most natural products are derived from combinations of polyketides, peptides, sugars, and fatty-acid building blocks. Peptidic macrocycles have attracted attention as potential therapeutics possessing cell permeability, stability, and easy-to-control variability. Here, we show that enzymes from the patellamide biosynthetic pathway can be harnessed to make macrocycles that are hybrids of amino acids and a variety of manmade chemical building blocks, including aryl rings, polyethers, and alkyl chains. We have made macrocycles with only three amino acids, one of which can be converted to a thiazoline or a thiazole ring. We report the synthesis of 18 peptide hybrid macrocycles, nine of which have been isolated and fully characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Oueis
- School of ChemsitryUniversity of St AndrewsBSRC, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Brunello Nardone
- School of ChemsitryUniversity of St AndrewsBSRC, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of AberdeenOld AberdeenAB24 3UEUK
| | - Nicholas J. Westwood
- School of ChemsitryUniversity of St AndrewsBSRC, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - James H. Naismith
- School of ChemsitryUniversity of St AndrewsBSRC, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
- State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityP. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Czekster CM, Ge Y, Naismith JH. Mechanisms of cyanobactin biosynthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 35:80-88. [PMID: 27639115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobactins are a diverse collection of natural products that originate from short peptides made on a ribosome. The amino acids are modified in a series of transformations catalyzed by multiple enzymes. The patellamide pathway is the most well studied and characterized example. Here we review the structures and mechanisms of the enzymes that cleave peptide bonds, macrocyclise peptides, heterocyclise cysteine (as well as threonine and serine) residues, oxidize five-membered heterocycles and attach prenyl groups. Some enzymes operate by novel mechanisms which is of interest and in addition the enzymes uncouple recognition from catalysis. The normally tight relationship between these factors hinders biotechnology. The cyanobactin pathway may be particularly suitable for exploitation, with progress observed with in vivo and in vitro approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Melo Czekster
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST Scotland, UK
| | - Ying Ge
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST Scotland, UK
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST Scotland, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Oueis E, Jaspars M, Westwood NJ, Naismith JH. Enzymatic Macrocyclization of 1,2,3-Triazole Peptide Mimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5842-5. [PMID: 27059105 PMCID: PMC4924597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The macrocyclization of linear peptides is very often accompanied by significant improvements in their stability and biological activity. Many strategies are available for their chemical macrocyclization, however, enzyme-mediated methods remain of great interest in terms of synthetic utility. To date, known macrocyclization enzymes have been shown to be active on both peptide and protein substrates. Here we show that the macrocyclization enzyme of the cyanobactin family, PatGmac, is capable of macrocyclizing substrates with one, two, or three 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazole moieties. The introduction of non-peptidic scaffolds into macrocycles is highly desirable in tuning the activity and physical properties of peptidic macrocycles. We have isolated and fully characterized nine non-natural triazole-containing cyclic peptides, a further ten molecules are also synthesized. PatGmac has now been shown to be an effective and versatile tool for the ring closure by peptide bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Oueis
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, BSRC, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Nicholas J Westwood
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, BSRC, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, BSRC, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, China.
| |
Collapse
|