1
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Sturm L, Artigas A, Coquerel Y, Bechtold IH, Durola F, Bock H. Helicene Aromaticity Deviates from the Clar Rule-On the Electronic Dissimilarity of Large Isomeric Fibonacenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403170. [PMID: 38568685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
This combined experimental and theoretical study illustrates the profound consequences of non-planarity on the electronic properties of polycyclic arenes. Three isomeric [10]fibonacene tetraesters were synthesized through a robust and regiocontrolled Perkin/Mallory approach: a nearly planar [10]phenacene derivative, a moderately twisted [10]semicircle derivative, and a 3D non-planar [10]helicene derivative. The photophysical properties of the 3D [10]helicene isomer were found to be dramatically different from the comparable ones of the [10]phenacene and [10]semicircle isomers. The aromatic properties of the [10]phenacene and [10]semicircle isomers conform well with their predictive Kekulé and Clar analyses, but the [10]helicene isomer deviates from these general topological rules, which appears to be a general phenomenon for [n]fibonacenes with n≥9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla Sturm
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Université de Bordeaux, 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Albert Artigas
- Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer de Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Farnès 69, 17003, Girona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Ivan H Bechtold
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fabien Durola
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
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2
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Hu J, Xiang Q, Tian X, Ye L, Wang Y, Ni Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Chen G, Sun Z. S-Shaped Helical Singlet Diradicaloid and Its Transformation to Circumchrysene via a Two-Stage Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10321-10330. [PMID: 38567901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic hydrocarbons with diradical and polyradical characters usually display unique reactivities in ring-cyclization reactions. However, such reactions are rarely used to construct π-extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here, we describe the synthesis of an S-shaped doubly helical singlet diradicaloid compound and its facile transformation into an unprecedented circumchrysene via a two-stage ring cyclization, which includes: (1) an eletrocylization from diradicaloid precursor and (2) a Scholl reaction. The reaction mechanism was investigated through in situ spectroscopic studies, assisted by theoretical calculations. This reaction sequence yields an optically resolved π-extended [5]helicene derivative with a fluorescence quantum yield up to 85% and a circularly polarized luminescence brightness up to 6.05 M-1 cm-1 in the far-red to near-infrared regions. This sequence also yielded a highly delocalized circumchrysene molecule, exhibiting large electron delocalization, moderate fluorescence quantum yield, and multistage redox properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Hu
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tian
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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3
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Wu MX, Li Y, Liu P, Shi X, Kang H, Zhao XL, Xu L, Li X, Fang J, Fang Z, Cheng Y, Yu H, Shi X, Yang HB. Functionalization of Pentacene: A Facile and Versatile Approach to Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309619. [PMID: 37610742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a facile and versatile strategy for the synthesis of contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) starting from the functionalized pentacene was established. A series of novel PAHs 1-4 and their derivatives were synthesized through a simple two-step synthesis procedure involving an intramolecular reductive Friedel-Crafts cyclization of four newly synthesized pentacene aldehydes 5-8 as a key step. All the molecules were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied in detail. Interestingly, the most striking feature of 1-4 is their highly contorted carbon structures and the accompanying helical chirality. In particular, the optical resolution of 2 was successfully achieved by chiral-phase HPLC, and the enantiomers were characterized by circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. Despite the highly nonplanar conformations, these contorted PAHs exhibited emissive properties with moderate-to-good fluorescence quantum yields, implying the potential utility of this series PAHs as high-quality organic laser dyes. By using a self-assembly method with the help of epoxy resin, a bottle microlaser based on 3 a was successfully illustrated with a lasing wavelength of 567.8 nm at a threshold of 0.3 mJ/cm2 . We believe that this work will shed light on the chemical versatility of pentacene and its derivatives in the construction of novel functionalized PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yantong Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Shi
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Fang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ya Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Huakang Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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4
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Xu X, Muñoz-Mármol R, Vasylevskyi S, Villa A, Folpini G, Scotognella F, Maria Paternò G, Narita A. Synthesis of Bioctacene-Incorporated Nanographene with Near-Infrared Chiroptical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218350. [PMID: 36727244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a hexabenzoperihexacene (HBPH) with two incorporated octacene substructures, which was unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The theoretical isomerization barrier of the (P,P)-/(P,M)-forms was estimated to be 38.4 kcal mol-1 , and resolution was achieved by chiral HPLC. Notably, the enantiomers exhibited opposite circular dichroism responses up to the near-infrared (NIR) region (830 nm) with a high gabs value of 0.017 at 616 nm. Moreover, HBPH demonstrated NIR emission with a maximum at 798 nm and an absolute PLQY of 41 %. The excited-state photophysical properties of HBPH were investigated by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing an intriguing feature that was attributed to the rotational and/or conformational dynamics of HBPH after excitation. These results provide new insight into the design of chiral nanographene with NIR optical properties for potential chiroptical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Andrea Villa
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Folpini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Paternò
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Guo J, Zhang T, Li Z, Ye K, Wang Y, Dou C. Distorted B/O-containing nanographenes with tunable optical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2644-2647. [PMID: 36779481 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two B/O-containing nanographenes, which feature the fusion of three or six planar B/O-heterocycles onto one hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene π-framework. Incorporation of the B/O-heterocycles not only leads to distorted geometries, but also modulates the electronic structures and results in gradually red-shifted absorptions and fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zeyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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6
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Yang B, Gu Y, Paternò GM, Teyssandier J, Maghsoumi A, Barker AJ, Mali KS, Scotognella F, De Feyter S, Tommasini M, Feng X, Narita A, Müllen K. Zigzag-Edged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Benzo[m]tetraphene Precursors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203981. [PMID: 36695295 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of zigzag-edged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Z1-Z3) were synthesized from 2,12-dibromo-7,14-diphenyl-benzo[m]tetraphene (9) as a versatile building block. Their structures were unambiguously confirmed by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 1 H NMR, Raman, and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies as well as scanning tunneling microscopy. The fingerprint vibrational modes were elucidated with theoretical support. The edge- and size-dependent optical properties were characterized by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Moreover, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy revealed distinct modulation of the photophysical properties upon π-extension from Z1 to Z2, the latter having a gulf edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giuseppe M Paternò
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Maghsoumi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alex J Barker
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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7
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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8
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Liu Z, Fu S, Liu X, Narita A, Samorì P, Bonn M, Wang HI. Small Size, Big Impact: Recent Progress in Bottom-Up Synthesized Nanographenes for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106055. [PMID: 35218329 PMCID: PMC9259728 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up synthesized graphene nanostructures, including 0D graphene quantum dots and 1D graphene nanoribbons, have recently emerged as promising candidates for efficient, green optoelectronic, and energy storage applications. The versatility in their molecular structures offers a large and novel library of nanographenes with excellent and adjustable optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. In this minireview, recent progress on the fundamental understanding of the properties of different graphene nanostructures, and their state-of-the-art applications in optoelectronics and energy storage are summarized. The properties of pristine nanographenes, including high emissivity and intriguing blinking effect in graphene quantum dots, superior charge transport properties in graphene nanoribbons, and edge-specific electrochemistry in various graphene nanostructures, are highlighted. Furthermore, it is shown that emerging nanographene-2D material-based van der Waals heterostructures provide an exciting opportunity for efficient green optoelectronics with tunable characteristics. Finally, challenges and opportunities of the field are highlighted by offering guidelines for future combined efforts in the synthesis, assembly, spectroscopic, and electrical studies as well as (nano)fabrication to boost the progress toward advanced device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919‐1 Tancha, Onna‐sonKunigamiOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
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9
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Gu Y, Vega‐Mayoral V, Garcia‐Orrit S, Schollmeyer D, Narita A, Cabanillas‐González J, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Cove‐Edged Hexa‐
peri
‐hexabenzo‐bis‐
peri
‐octacene: Molecular Conformations and Amplified Spontaneous Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201088. [PMID: 35192234 PMCID: PMC9311809 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Synthetic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Victor Vega‐Mayoral
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies IMDEA Nanociencia c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Saül Garcia‐Orrit
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies IMDEA Nanociencia c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Synthetic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Juan Cabanillas‐González
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies IMDEA Nanociencia c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Synthetic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Synthetic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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10
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Liu T, Tonnelé C, Zhao S, Rondin L, Elias C, Medina-Lopez D, Okuno H, Narita A, Chassagneux Y, Voisin C, Campidelli S, Beljonne D, Lauret JS. Vibronic effect and influence of aggregation on the photophysics of graphene quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3826-3833. [PMID: 35194627 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots, atomically precise nanopieces of graphene, are promising nano-objects with potential applications in various domains such as photovoltaics, quantum light emitters and bio-imaging. Despite their interesting prospects, precise reports on their photophysical properties remain scarce. Here, we report on a study of the photophysics of C96H24(C12H25) graphene quantum dots. A combination of optical studies down to the single molecule level with advanced molecular modelling demonstrates the importance of coupling to vibrations in the emission process. Optical fingerprints for H-like aggregates are identified. Our combined experimental-theoretical investigations provide a comprehensive description of the light absorption and emission properties of nanographenes, which not only represents an essential step towards precise control of sample production but also paves the way for new exciting physics focused on twisted graphenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liu
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, Orsay, France.
| | | | - Shen Zhao
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, Orsay, France.
| | - Loïc Rondin
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, Orsay, France.
| | - Christine Elias
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, Orsay, France.
| | - Daniel Medina-Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hanako Okuno
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA INAC-MEM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yannick Chassagneux
- LPENS, PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Voisin
- LPENS, PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Campidelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Jean-Sébastien Lauret
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, Orsay, France.
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11
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Gu Y, Vega‐Mayoral V, Garcia‐Orrit S, Schollmeyer D, Narita A, Cabanillas‐González J, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Cove‐Edged Hexa‐
peri
‐hexabenzo‐bis‐
peri
‐octacene: Molecular Conformations and Amplified Spontaneous Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Synthetic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Victor Vega‐Mayoral
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies IMDEA Nanociencia c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Saül Garcia‐Orrit
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies IMDEA Nanociencia c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Synthetic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Juan Cabanillas‐González
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies IMDEA Nanociencia c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Synthetic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Synthetic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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12
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Drummer MC, Singh V, Gupta N, Gesiorski JL, Weerasooriya RB, Glusac KD. Photophysics of nanographenes: from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to graphene nanoribbons. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:163-184. [PMID: 33963981 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and nanoribbons (GNRs) are classes of nanographene molecules that exhibit highly tunable photophysical properties. There have been great strides in recent years to advance our understanding of nanographene photophysics and develop their use in light-harvesting systems, such as artificial photosynthesis. Here, we review the latest studies of GQDs and GNRs which have shed new light onto their photophysical underpinnings through computational and advanced spectroscopic techniques. We discuss how the size, symmetry, and shape of nanographenes influence their molecular orbital structures and, consequentially, their spectroscopic signatures. The scope of this review is to comprehensively lay out the general photophysics of nanographenes starting with benzene and building up to larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, GQDs, and GNRs. We also explore a collection of publications from recent years that build upon the current understanding of nanographene photophysics and their potential application in light-driven processes from display, lasing, and sensing technology to photocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Drummer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Varun Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jonathan L Gesiorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ravindra B Weerasooriya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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13
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Paternò GM, Chen Q, Muñoz-Mármol R, Guizzardi M, Bonal V, Kabe R, Barker AJ, Boj PG, Chatterjee S, Ie Y, Villalvilla JM, Quintana JA, Scotognella F, Müllen K, Díaz-García MA, Narita A, Lanzani G. Excited states engineering enables efficient near-infrared lasing in nanographenes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:393-402. [PMID: 34605501 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00846c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spectral overlap between stimulated emission (SE) and absorption from dark states (i.e. charges and triplets) especially in the near-infrared (NIR), represents one of the most effective gain loss channels in organic semiconductors. Recently, bottom-up synthesis of atomically precise graphene nanostructures, or nanographenes (NGs), has opened a new route for the development of environmentally and chemically stable materials with optical gain properties. However, also in this case, the interplay between gain and absorption losses has hindered the attainment of efficient lasing action in the NIR. Here, we demonstrate that the introduction of two fluoranthene imide groups to the NG core leads to a more red-shifted emission than the precursor NG molecule (685 vs. 615 nm) and also with a larger Stokes shift (45 nm vs. 2 nm, 1026 cm-1vs. 53 cm-1, respectively). Photophysical results indicate that, besides the minimisation of ground state absorption losses, such substitution permits to suppress the detrimental excited state absorption in the NIR, which likely arises from a dark state with charge-transfer character and triplets. This has enabled NIR lasing (720 nm) from all-solution processed distributed feedback devices with one order of magnitude lower thresholds than those of previously reported NIR-emitting NGs. This study represents an advance in the field of NGs and, in general, organic semiconductor photonics, towards the development of cheap and stable NIR lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe M Paternò
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Pascoli 10, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Michele Guizzardi
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Víctor Bonal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Ryota Kabe
- Organic Optoelectronics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Alexander J Barker
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Pascoli 10, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Pedro G Boj
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Shreyam Chatterjee
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - José M Villalvilla
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - José A Quintana
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - María A Díaz-García
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Pascoli 10, 20133, Milano, Italy.
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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14
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Xu X, Serra G, Villa A, Muñoz-Mármol R, Vasylevskyi S, Gadea M, Lucotti A, Lin Z, Boj PG, Kabe R, Tommasini M, Díaz-García MÁ, Scotognella F, Paternò GM, Narita A. Synthesis of zigzag- and fjord-edged nanographene with dual amplified spontaneous emission. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13040-13045. [DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dibenzo[a,m]dinaphtho[ef,hi]coronene with zigzag and fjord edges was synthesized and characterized, demonstrating a nonplanar structure with near-infrared stimulated emission with a relatively long lifetime and dual-amplified spontaneous emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Villa
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Marcos Gadea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Zensen Lin
- Organic Optoelectronic Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Pedro G. Boj
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Ryota Kabe
- Organic Optoelectronic Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - María Á. Díaz-García
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | | | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Qiu Z, Narita A, Müllen K. Spiers Memorial Lecture. Carbon nanostructures by macromolecular design - from branched polyphenylenes to nanographenes and graphene nanoribbons. Faraday Discuss 2021; 227:8-45. [PMID: 33290471 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are unique connectors between the domains of 1D-conjugated polymers and 2D-graphenes. They can be synthesized with high precision by oxidative flattening processes from dendritic or branched 3D-polyphenylene precursors. Their size, shape and edge type enable not only accurate control of classical (opto)electronic properties, but also access to unprecedented high-spin structures and exotic quantum states. NGs and GNRs serve as active components of devices such as field-effect transistors and as ideal objects for nanoscience. This field of research includes their synthesis after the deposition of suitable monomers on surfaces. An additional advantage of this novel concept is in situ monitoring of the reactions by scanning tunnelling microscopy and electronic characterization of the products by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Xu X, Kinikar A, Di Giovannantonio M, Ruffieux P, Müllen K, Fasel R, Narita A. On-Surface Synthesis of Dibenzohexacenohexacene and Dibenzopentaphenoheptaphene. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amogh Kinikar
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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17
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Nathusius M, Ejlli B, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF, Müllen K. Chrysene-Based Blue Emitters. Chemistry 2020; 26:15089-15093. [PMID: 32741022 PMCID: PMC7756344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chrysene and its bisbenzannulated homologue, naphtho[2,3-c]tetraphene, were synthesized through a PtCl2 -catalyzed cyclization of alkynes, which also furnished corresponding biaryls subsequent to a Glaser coupling reaction of the starting alkynes. The optoelectronic properties of 5,5'-bichrysenyl and 6,6'-binaphtho[2,3-c]tetraphene were compared to their chrysene-based "monomers". Oxidative cyclodehydrogenations of bichrysenyl and its higher homologue towards large nanographenes were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Nathusius
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Ejlli
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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18
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Diels-Alder Cycloaddition to the Bay Region of Perylene and Its Derivatives as an Attractive Strategy for PAH Core Expansion: Theoretical and Practical Aspects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225373. [PMID: 33213037 PMCID: PMC7698498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PAHs (polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons), the compound group that contains perylene and its derivatives, including functionalized ones, have attracted a great deal of interest in many fields of science and modern technology. This review presents all of the research devoted to modifications of PAHs that are realized via the Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition of various dienophiles to the bay regions of PAHs, leading to the π-extension of the starting molecule. This type of annulative π-extension (APEX) strategy has emerged as a powerful and efficient synthetic method for the construction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their functionalized derivatives, nanographenes, and π-extended fused heteroarenes. Then, [4 + 2] cycloadditions of ethylenic dienophiles, -N=N-, i.e., diazo-dienophiles and acetylenic dienophiles, are presented. This subject is discussed from the organic synthesis point of view but supported by theoretical calculations. The possible applications of DA cycloaddition to PAH bay regions in various science and technology areas, and the prospects for the development of this synthetic method, are also discussed.
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19
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Xu X, Chen Q, Narita A. Synthesis and Characterization of Dibenzo[<i>hi,st</i>]ovalene as a Highly Fluorescent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Its π-Extension to Circumpyrene. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
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20
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Dumslaff T, Gu Y, Paternò GM, Qiu Z, Maghsoumi A, Tommasini M, Feng X, Scotognella F, Narita A, Müllen K. Hexa- peri-benzocoronene with two extra K-regions in an ortho-configuration. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12816-12821. [PMID: 34094476 PMCID: PMC8163021 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There are three possible isomers for hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) with two extra K-regions, but only two of them have been reported, namely with the meta- and para-configurations. Herein, we describe the synthesis of HBC 4 with two extra K-regions in the ortho-configuration, forming a longer zigzag edge compared with the other two isomers. The structure of 4 was validated by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, as well as Raman and infrared spectroscopies supported by density functional theory calculations. The optical properties of 4 were investigated by UV/vis absorption and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Together with the analysis of aromaticity, the influence of the zigzag edge on the π-conjugation pathway and HOMO–LUMO gaps of the three isomers were investigated. We reported the synthesis of hexa-peri-benzocoronene (HBC) with two extra K-regions adopting an ortho-configuration. The systematical study provides deep insights about the effect of zigzag edge on the π-conjugated pathway and molecular design.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Dumslaff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Giuseppe M Paternò
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ali Maghsoumi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology Walther-Hempel-Bau Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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21
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Kurpanik A, Matussek M, Szafraniec-Gorol G, Filapek M, Lodowski P, Marcol-Szumilas B, Ignasiak W, Małecki JG, Machura B, Małecka M, Danikiewicz W, Pawlus S, Krompiec S. APEX Strategy Represented by Diels-Alder Cycloadditions-New Opportunities for the Syntheses of Functionalised PAHs. Chemistry 2020; 26:12150-12157. [PMID: 32339360 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diels-Alder cycloaddition of various dienophiles to the bay region of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a particularly effective and useful tool for the modification of the structure of PAHs and thereby their final properties. The Diels-Alder cycloaddition belongs to the single-step annulative π-extension (APEX) reactions and represents the maximum in synthetic efficiency for the constructions of π-extended PAHs including functionalised ones, nanographenes, and π-extended fused heteroarenes. Herein we report new applications of the APEX strategy for the synthesis of derivatives of 1,2-diarylbenzo[ghi]perylene, 1,2-diarylbenzo[ghi]perylenebisimide and 1,2-disubstituted-benzo[j]coronene. Namely, the so far unknown cycloaddition of 1,2-diarylacetylenes into the perylene and perylenebisimide bay regions was used. 1,2-Disubstituted-benzo[j]coronenes were obtained via cycloaddition of benzyne into 1,2-diarylbenzo[ghi]perylenes by using a new highly effective system for benzyne generation and/or high pressure conditions. Moreover, we report an unprecedented Diels-Alder cycloaddition-cycloaromatisation domino-type reaction between 1,4-(9,9-dialkylfluoren-3-yl)-1,3-butadiynes and perylene. The obtained diaryl-substituted core-extended PAHs were characterised by DFT calculation as well as electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kurpanik
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Matussek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Szafraniec-Gorol
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Filapek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Lodowski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Marcol-Szumilas
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Witold Ignasiak
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Witold Danikiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Pawlus
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics &, Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Stanisław Krompiec
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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22
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Dual Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Lasing from Nanographene Films. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081525. [PMID: 32759768 PMCID: PMC7466616 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemically synthesized zigzag-edged nanographenes (NG) have recently demonstrated great success as the active laser units in solution-processed organic distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Here, we report the first observation of dual amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from a large-size NG derivative (with 12 benzenoid rings) dispersed in a polystyrene film. ASE is observed simultaneously at the 685 and 739 nm wavelengths, which correspond to different transitions of the photoluminescence spectrum. Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy has been used to ascertain the underlying photophysical processes taking place in the films. DFB lasers, based on these materials and top-layer nanostructured polymeric resonators (i.e., one or two-dimensional surface relief gratings), have been fabricated and characterized. Lasers emitting close to either one of the two possible ASE wavelengths, or simultaneously at both of them, have been prepared by proper selection of the resonator parameters.
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23
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Jiang Y, Liu YY, Liu X, Lin H, Gao K, Lai WY, Huang W. Organic solid-state lasers: a materials view and future development. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5885-5944. [PMID: 32672260 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lasing applications have spread over various aspects of human life. To meet the developing trends of the laser industry towards being miniature, portable, and highly integrated, new laser technologies are in urgent demand. Organic semiconductors are promising gain medium candidates for novel laser devices, due to their convenient processing techniques, ease of spectral and chemical tuning, low refractive indexes, mechanical flexibilities, and low thresholds, etc. organic solid-state lasers (OSSLs) open up a new horizon of simple, low-cost, time-saving, versatile and environmental-friendly manufacturing technologies for new and desirable laser structures (micro-, asymmetric, flexible, etc.) to unleash the full potential of semiconductor lasers for future electronics. Besides the development of optical feedback structures, the design and synthesis of robust organic gain media is critical as a vigorous aspect of OSSLs. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in organic gain materials, mainly focused on organic semiconductors for OSSLs. The significant breakthroughs toward electrical pumping of OSSLs are emphasized. Opportunities, challenges and future research directions for the design of organic gain media are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - He Lin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. and Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. and Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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24
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Zou Y, Bonal V, Moles Quintero S, Boj PG, Villalvilla JM, Quintana JA, Li G, Wu S, Jiang Q, Ni Y, Casado J, Díaz‐García MA, Wu J. Perylene‐Fused, Aggregation‐Free Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Solution‐Processed Distributed Feedback Lasers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14927-14934. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Víctor Bonal
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Sergio Moles Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Malaga Campus de Teations s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - Pedro G. Boj
- Departamento Óptica Farmacología y Anatomía, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - José M. Villalvilla
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - José A. Quintana
- Departamento Óptica Farmacología y Anatomía, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Malaga Campus de Teations s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - María A. Díaz‐García
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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25
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Zou Y, Bonal V, Moles Quintero S, Boj PG, Villalvilla JM, Quintana JA, Li G, Wu S, Jiang Q, Ni Y, Casado J, Díaz‐García MA, Wu J. Perylene‐Fused, Aggregation‐Free Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Solution‐Processed Distributed Feedback Lasers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Víctor Bonal
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Sergio Moles Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Malaga Campus de Teations s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - Pedro G. Boj
- Departamento Óptica Farmacología y Anatomía, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - José M. Villalvilla
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - José A. Quintana
- Departamento Óptica Farmacología y Anatomía, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Malaga Campus de Teations s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - María A. Díaz‐García
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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26
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Xu X, Müllen K, Narita A. Syntheses and Characterizations of Functional Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Graphene Nanoribbons. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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27
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Hu YX, Zhang J, Wang X, Lu Z, Zhang F, Yang X, Ma Z, Yin J, Xia H, Liu SH. One-pot syntheses of irida-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10894-10899. [PMID: 32180921 PMCID: PMC7046080 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03914g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalla-analogues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have captivated chemists with their fascinating structures and unique electronic properties. To date, metallabenzene, metallanaphthalene and metallaanthracene have been reported. Metalla-analogues with more complicated fused rings have rarely been reported. Herein, we have successfully synthesized a series of new iridafluoranthenes and fused-ring iridafluoranthenes ranging from pentacyclic to heptacyclic metallaaromatic hydrocarbons in high yields under mild reaction conditions for the first time. Their photophysical and redox properties were also explored using UV-vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry combined with TD-DFT calculations. The present work may offer an important guideline for the design and construction of new polycyclic metallaaromatic hydrocarbons and metalla-nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Department of Chemistry , Shenzhen Grubbs Institute , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Zhihua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Haiping Xia
- Department of Chemistry , Shenzhen Grubbs Institute , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China . ;
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28
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Chen Q, Schollmeyer D, Müllen K, Narita A. Synthesis of Circumpyrene by Alkyne Benzannulation of Brominated Dibenzo[ hi, st]ovalene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19994-19999. [PMID: 31816238 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal catalyzed alkyne benzannulation allowed an unprecedented synthesis of circumpyrene, starting from 3,11-dibromo-6,14-dimesityldibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV). The circumpyrene was characterized by a combination of NMR, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing its multizigzag-edged structure. Two newly introduced C═C bonds in circumpyrene strongly perturbed the electronic structures of DBOV, as evidenced by increased optical and electrochemical energy gaps. This is in good agreement with an increased number of Clar's sextets as well as a decreased number of π-electrons in the conjugation pathway of circumpyrene, according to anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) calculations. The present approach opens a new avenue to multizigzag-edged nanographenes and offers insights into their (opto)electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 , Mainz , Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 , Mainz , Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 , Mainz , Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit , Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami , Okinawa 904-0495 , Japan
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29
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Liu X, Chen SY, Chen Q, Yao X, Gelléri M, Ritz S, Kumar S, Cremer C, Landfester K, Müllen K, Parekh SH, Narita A, Bonn M. Nanographenes: Ultrastable, Switchable, and Bright Probes for Super-Resolution Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:496-502. [PMID: 31657497 PMCID: PMC6972658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy has enabled important breakthroughs in biology and materials science. Implementations such as single‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) and minimal emission fluxes (MINFLUX) microscopy in the localization mode exploit fluorophores that blink, i.e., switch on and off, stochastically. Here, we introduce nanographenes, namely large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that can also be regarded as atomically precise graphene quantum dots, as a new class of fluorophores for super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy. Nanographenes exhibit outstanding photophysical properties: intrinsic blinking even in air, excellent fluorescence recovery, and stability over several months. As a proof of concept for super‐resolution applications, we use nanographenes in SMLM to generate 3D super‐resolution images of silica nanocracks. Our findings open the door for the widespread application of nanographenes in super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shih-Ya Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xuelin Yao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Márton Gelléri
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Ritz
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Christoph Cremer
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Mainz, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Mainz (JGU), Mainz, Germany.,Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), and, Kirchhoff Institute for Physics (KIP), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sapun H Parekh
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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30
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Liu X, Chen S, Chen Q, Yao X, Gelléri M, Ritz S, Kumar S, Cremer C, Landfester K, Müllen K, Parekh SH, Narita A, Bonn M. Nanographene: ultrastabile, schaltbare und helle Sonden für die hochauflösende Mikroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Shih‐Ya Chen
- Institut für Molekularbiologie gGmbH (IMB) Mainz Deutschland
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Xuelin Yao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Márton Gelléri
- Institut für Molekularbiologie gGmbH (IMB) Mainz Deutschland
| | - Sandra Ritz
- Institut für Molekularbiologie gGmbH (IMB) Mainz Deutschland
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
| | - Christoph Cremer
- Institut für Molekularbiologie gGmbH (IMB) Mainz Deutschland
- Physikalisches Institut Universität Mainz (JGU) Mainz Deutschland
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie (IPMB), und Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik (KIP) Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz Deutschland
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa Japan
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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31
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Chen Q, Thoms S, Stöttinger S, Schollmeyer D, Müllen K, Narita A, Basché T. Dibenzo[ hi, st]ovalene as Highly Luminescent Nanographene: Efficient Synthesis via Photochemical Cyclodehydroiodination, Optoelectronic Properties, and Single-Molecule Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16439-16449. [PMID: 31589425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV), as a new nanographene, has demonstrated promising optical properties, such as red emission with a high fluorescence quantum yield of 79% and stimulated emission, as well as high thermal stability and photostability, which indicated its promise as a light-emitting and optical gain material. However, the previous synthetic routes required at least 12 steps. This obstructed access to different derivatives, e.g., to obtain crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis and to tune the optoelectronic properties. Here, we report an efficient synthetic pathway to DBOV based on a sequential iodination-benzannulation of bi(naphthylphenyl)diyne, followed by photochemical cyclodehydroiodination (PCDHI). This protocol included a fused bischrysene as a key intermediate and furnished scalable amounts of meso-substituted DBOV derivatives with different substituents. DBOV with 2,6-dimethylphenyl groups could be used for single-crystal X-ray analysis, revealing the precise structure of the DBOV core. The optoelectronic properties of the DBOV derivatives were investigated by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations. Single-molecule spectroscopy at room and low temperatures provided novel insights into the photophysics of DBOV embedded in a polymer film. As a result of weak coupling of the optical transitions to the matrix, single-molecule emission spectra at 4.5 K showed narrow vibronic lines. The fluorescence autocorrelation function covering 9 orders of magnitude in time displayed high contrast photon antibunching and bunching, from which the fluorescence decay rate and the triplet population and depopulation rates could be retrieved. Remarkably, the intersystem crossing rate into the triplet state decreased by more than an order of magnitude at low temperature, demonstrating that temperature can be a crucial parameter to boost single photon emission of an aromatic hydrocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Stefan Thoms
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Sven Stöttinger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit , Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , Okinawa 904-0495 , Japan
| | - Thomas Basché
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
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32
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Hu Y, Paternò GM, Wang XY, Wang XC, Guizzardi M, Chen Q, Schollmeyer D, Cao XY, Cerullo G, Scotognella F, Müllen K, Narita A. π-Extended Pyrene-Fused Double [7]Carbohelicene as a Chiral Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12797-12803. [PMID: 31330100 PMCID: PMC6696512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A π-extended double [7]carbohelicene 2 with fused pyrene units was synthesized, revealing considerable intra- and intermolecular π-π interactions as confirmed with X-ray crystallography. As compared to the previous double [7]carbohelicene 1, the π-extended homologue 2 demonstrated considerably red-shifted absorption with an onset at 645 nm (1: 550 nm) corresponding to a smaller optical gap of 1.90 eV (1: 2.25 eV). A broad near-infrared emission from 600 to 900 nm with a large Stokes shift of ∼100 nm (2.3 × 103 cm-1) was recorded for 2, implying formation of an intramolecular excimer upon excitation, which was corroborated with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, 2 revealed remarkable chiral stability with a fairly high isomerization barrier of 46 kcal mol-1, according to density functional theory calculations, which allowed optical resolution by chiral HPLC and suggests potential applications in chiroptical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbin Hu
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department
of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Giuseppe M. Paternò
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Xin-Chang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Michele Guizzardi
- IFN-CNR,
Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR,
Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano 20133, Italy
- IFN-CNR,
Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Organic
and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute
of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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33
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Solution-processed nanographene distributed feedback lasers. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3327. [PMID: 31346182 PMCID: PMC6658550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of nanographene molecules constitutes the bottom-up approach toward graphene, simultaneously providing rational chemical design, structure-property control and exploitation of their semiconducting and luminescence properties. Here, we report nanographene-based lasers from three zigzag-edged polycyclic aromatics. The devices consist of a passive polymer film hosting the nanographenes and a top-layer polymeric distributed feedback resonator. Both the active material and the laser resonator are processed from solution, key for the purpose of obtaining low-cost devices with mechanical flexibility. The prepared lasers show narrow linewidth ( < 0.13 nm) emission at different spectral regions covering a large segment of the visible spectrum, and up to the vicinity of the near-infrared. They show outstandingly long operational lifetimes (above 105 pump pulses) and very low thresholds. These results represent a significant step forward in the field of graphene and broaden its versatility in low-cost devices implying light emission, such as lasers. Chemically synthesized graphene nanosheets offer device design flexibility and improved optoelectronic performance. Here, the authors report solution-processed distributed feedback lasers with graphene nanosheets as active media having linewidths < 0.13 nm, long operational lifetimes and low thresholds.
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34
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Abstract
Bilayer graphene consists of two stacked graphene layers bound together by van der Waals interaction. As the molecular analog of bilayer graphene, molecular bilayer graphene (MBLG) can offer useful insights into the structural and functional properties of bilayer graphene. However, synthesis of MBLG, which requires discrete assembly of two graphene fragments, has proved to be challenging. Here, we show the synthesis and characterization of two structurally well-defined MBLGs, both consisting of two π-π stacked nanographene sheets. We find they have excellent stability against variation of concentration, temperature and solvents. The MBLGs show sharp absorption and emission peaks, and further time-resolved spectroscopic studies reveal drastically different lifetimes for the bright and dark Davydov states in these MBLGs.
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35
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36
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37
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Pankova AS, Shestakov AN, Kuznetsov MA. Cyclization of ortho-ethynylbiaryls as an emerging versatile tool for the construction of polycyclic arenes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cyclization and cycloisomerization of ortho-aryl(ethynyl)arenes provide an easy direct access to fused polycyclic aromatic carbo- and heterocycles. This methodology has demonstrated an impressive progress in the recent years. The goal of this review is to give a comprehensive outlook on the synthetic potential, scope, limitations, and mechanistic aspects of the cyclization reactions. The material is arranged according to the activation method that can be used to induce cyclization: pyrolysis, metal catalysis, electrophilic activation, radical induction, base catalysis. Particular attention is paid to the specificity of ortho-ethynylbiaryls with a heterocyclic central core.
The bibliography includes 257 references.
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38
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Aumaitre C, Morin J. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Potential Building Blocks for Organic Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1142-1154. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Aumaitre
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA) 1045 Ave de la Medicine, Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada G1V0A6
| | - Jean‐François Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA) 1045 Ave de la Medicine, Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada G1V0A6
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39
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Yao X, Wang XY, Simpson C, Paternò GM, Guizzardi M, Wagner M, Cerullo G, Scotognella F, Watson MD, Narita A, Müllen K. Regioselective Hydrogenation of a 60-Carbon Nanographene Molecule toward a Circumbiphenyl Core. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4230-4234. [PMID: 30794391 PMCID: PMC6728095 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Regioselective peripheral
hydrogenation of a nanographene molecule
with 60 contiguous sp2 carbons provides unprecedented access
to peralkylated circumbiphenyl (1). Conversion to the
circumbiphenyl core structure was unambiguously validated by MALDI-TOF
mass spectrometry, NMR, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. UV–vis
absorption spectra and DFT calculations demonstrated the significant
change of the optoelectronic properties upon peripheral hydrogenation.
Stimulated emission from 1, observed via ultrafast transient
absorption measurements, indicates potential as an optical gain material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Yao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Christopher Simpson
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Giuseppe M Paternò
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Michele Guizzardi
- IFN-CNR, Department of Physics , Politecnico di Milano , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Department of Physics , Politecnico di Milano , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology , 20133 Milano , Italy.,IFN-CNR, Department of Physics , Politecnico di Milano , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Mark D Watson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , United States
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit , Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , Okinawa 904-0495 , Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
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40
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Chen Q, Wang D, Baumgarten M, Schollmeyer D, Müllen K, Narita A. Regioselective Bromination and Functionalization of Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene as Highly Luminescent Nanographene with Zigzag Edges. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1703-1707. [PMID: 30775845 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV) is a nanographene with a combination of zigzag and armchair edges, consisting of 38 sp2 carbons. Excellent optical properties with strong red emission have been demonstrated. Here we report the regioselective bromination of DBOV bearing two mesityl groups (DBOV-Mes) by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) under mild conditions. The dibrominated DBOV was further subjected to transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, that is, Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling, demonstrating the edge-decoration of DBOV with different functional groups. Notably, DBOVs arylated at the bay regions showed intense red emission and enhanced fluorescence quantum yields of up to 0.97. Amphoteric reduction and oxidation behavior were observed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Chemical oxidation to stable radical cation species was also demonstrated, followed by reduction back to their neutral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Di Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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41
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Li Y, Zhou W, Shen H, Gu Y, Li Y. X-Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Optical Properties and Tunable Assembly Ability. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:491-498. [PMID: 30600942 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although a number of synthetic methodologies have been developed to prepare stable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), much less research has been devoted to functionalizing the peripheries of molecules to tune the self-assembly ability or introduce functional groups without altering their photophysical properties. Herein, we report twisted "X"-shaped molecules prepared through annulation of hexacene with benzoanthracene on the zigzag edge, and an investigation of their photophysical properties and self-assembly properties. The shape-complementary "X"-shaped molecules prefer to dimerize, while the π-extension would lead to one-dimensional π-stacking. Our findings give some insights into the design of stable PAHs without disturbing the electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Weixiang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Han Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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42
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Tasior M, Clermont G, Blanchard-Desce M, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Synthesis of Bis(arylethynyl)pyrrolo[3,2-b
]pyrroles and Effect of Intramolecular Charge Transfer on Their Photophysical Behavior. Chemistry 2018; 25:598-608. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Guillaume Clermont
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255; Université de Bordeaux; Cours de la libération 351 33405 Talence France
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255; Université de Bordeaux; Cours de la libération 351 33405 Talence France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230; Université de Nantes; Rue de la Houssinière 2 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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43
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Lungerich D, Papaianina O, Feofanov M, Liu J, Devarajulu M, Troyanov SI, Maier S, Amsharov K. Dehydrative π-extension to nanographenes with zig-zag edges. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4756. [PMID: 30420660 PMCID: PMC6232111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zig-zag nanographenes are promising candidates for the applications in organic electronics due to the electronic properties induced by their periphery. However, the synthetic access to these compounds remains virtually unexplored. There is a lack in efficient and mild strategies origins in the reduced stability, increased reactivity, and low solubility of these compounds. Herein we report a facile access to pristine zig-zag nanographenes, utilizing an acid-promoted intramolecular reductive cyclization of arylaldehydes, and demonstrate a three-step route to nanographenes constituted of angularly fused tetracenes or pentacenes. The mild conditions are scalable to gram quantities and give insoluble nanostructures in close to quantitative yields. The strategy allows the synthesis of elusive low bandgap nanographenes, with values as low as 1.62 eV. Compared to their linear homologues, the structures have an increased stability in the solid-state, even though computational analyses show distinct diradical character. The structures were confirmed by X-ray diffraction or scanning tunneling microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Technology Innovation Presidential Endowed Chair, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Olena Papaianina
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Feofanov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirunalini Devarajulu
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sergey I Troyanov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Sabine Maier
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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44
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Wang K, Zhang W, Gao Z, Yan Y, Lin X, Dong H, Zhang C, Zhang W, Yao J, Zhao YS. Stimulated Emission-Controlled Photonic Transistor on a Single Organic Triblock Nanowire. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13147-13150. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianqing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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45
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Huang Y, Xu F, Ganzer L, Camargo FVA, Nagahara T, Teyssandier J, Van Gorp H, Basse K, Straasø LA, Nagyte V, Casiraghi C, Hansen MR, De Feyter S, Yan D, Müllen K, Feng X, Cerullo G, Mai Y. Intrinsic Properties of Single Graphene Nanoribbons in Solution: Synthetic and Spectroscopic Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10416-10420. [PMID: 30084630 PMCID: PMC6643163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report a novel type of structurally defined graphene nanoribbons
(GNRs) with uniform width of 1.7 nm and average length up to 58 nm.
These GNRs are decorated with pending Diels–Alder cycloadducts
of anthracenyl units and N-n-hexadecyl
maleimide. The resultant bulky side groups on GNRs afford excellent
dispersibility with concentrations of up to 5 mg mL–1 in many organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), two orders
of magnitude higher than the previously reported GNRs. Multiple spectroscopic
studies confirm that dilute dispersions in THF (<0.1 mg mL–1) consist mainly of nonaggregated ribbons, exhibiting
near-infrared emission with high quantum yield (9.1%) and long lifetime
(8.7 ns). This unprecedented dispersibility allows resolving in real-time
ultrafast excited-state dynamics of the GNRs, which displays features
of small isolated molecules in solution. This study achieves a breakthrough
in the dispersion of GNRs, which opens the door for unveiling obstructed
GNR-based physical properties and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Franco V A Camargo
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Tetsuhiko Nagahara
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology , Kyoto Institute of Technology , 606-8585 Kyoto , Japan
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan, 200 F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Hans Van Gorp
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan, 200 F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Kristoffer Basse
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Lasse Arnt Straasø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Vaiva Nagyte
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M139PL , United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M139PL , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstr. 28/30 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan, 200 F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Mommsenstrasse 4 , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
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46
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Progress on Crystal Growth of Two-Dimensional Semiconductors for Optoelectronic Applications. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8060252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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47
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Liu YM, Hou H, Zhou YZ, Zhao XJ, Tang C, Tan YZ, Müllen K. Nanographenes as electron-deficient cores of donor-acceptor systems. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1901. [PMID: 29765041 PMCID: PMC5954131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of nanographenes (NGs) with electro-active molecules can establish donor-acceptor π-systems in which the former generally serve as the electron-donating moieties due to their electronic-rich nature. In contrast, here we report a series of reversed donor-acceptor structures are obtained by C–N coupling of electron-deficient perchlorinated NGs with electron-rich anilines. Selective amination at the vertexes of the NGs is unambiguously shown through X-ray crystallography. By varying the donating ability of the anilino groups, the optical and assembly properties of donor-acceptor NGs can be finely modulated. The electron-deficient concave core of the resulting conjugates can host electron-rich guest molecules by intermolecular donor-acceptor interactions and gives rise to charge-transfer supramolecular architectures. Nanographenes in donor-acceptor π-systems generally serve as electron-donating moieties but the reversed structures are hardly reported. Here, the authors present a facile synthetic protocol towards reversed donor-acceptor nanographenes by amination and demonstrate fine property tuning by varying the donating ability of the aniline groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Hao Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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48
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Wang XY, Narita A, Müllen K. Precision synthesis versus bulk-scale fabrication of graphenes. Nat Rev Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-017-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Handke M, Adachi T, Hu C, Ward MD. Encapsulation of Isolated Luminophores within Supramolecular Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Handke
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003-6688 USA
| | - Takuji Adachi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003-6688 USA
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003-6688 USA
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003-6688 USA
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50
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Handke M, Adachi T, Hu C, Ward MD. Encapsulation of Isolated Luminophores within Supramolecular Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14003-14006. [PMID: 28922537 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The sequestration of luminophores within supramolecular polyhedral compartments of a crystalline zeolite-like hydrogen-bonded framework illustrates a unique approach to limiting the self-quenching ordinarily exhibited at the high concentrations achievable in this framework. A range of differently sized luminescent guests, namely coumarin 1, coumarin 4, fluorescein, [Ru(bpy)3 ]Cl2 , and rhodamine B, can be encapsulated in amounts of up to one molecule per cage, equivalent to a concentration of 0.175 m, which is significantly higher than the concentration at which aggregation-induced quenching occurs in other media. The luminescence spectra of the encapsulated guests are consistent with the presence of isolated monomers and the absence of self-quenching. The emission color of the single crystals can be tuned readily from blue to red through the choice of guest molecules. These observations promise an approach to organic solid-state lasing compounds if crystals of sufficient size and quality can be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Handke
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6688, USA
| | - Takuji Adachi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6688, USA
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6688, USA
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6688, USA
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