1
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Wen M, Medel R, Zasimov PV, Müller C, Riedel S. B[double bond, length as m-dash]P double bonds relieved from steric encumbrance: matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy of the phosphaborene F 2B-P[double bond, length as m-dash]BF and the triradical B[double bond, length as m-dash]PF 3. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8045-8051. [PMID: 38817554 PMCID: PMC11134404 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01913j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Free phosphaborenes have a labile boron-phosphorus double bond and therefore require extensive steric shielding by bulky substituents to prevent isomerisation and oligomerisation. In the present work, the small free phosphaborene F2B-P[double bond, length as m-dash]BF was isolated by matrix-isolation techniques and was characterised by infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum-chemical methods. In contrast to its sterically hindered relatives, this small phosphaborene exhibits an acute BPB angle of 83° at the CCSD(T) level. An alternative orbital structure for the B[double bond, length as m-dash]P double bond is found in the triradical B[double bond, length as m-dash]PF3, the direct adduct of laser-ablated atomic B and PF3. The single-bonded isomer F2B-PF and the dimer F3P-B[triple bond, length as m-dash]B-PF3 are also tentatively assigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Robert Medel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Pavel V Zasimov
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
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2
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Li J, Mei Y, Wang XF, Liu LL. Alkylation and Arylation at Boron in NHC-Stabilized Phosphaborenes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300794. [PMID: 37937445 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphaborenes, featuring a phosphorus-boron multiple bond, remain a relatively untapped area in chemical research due to the limited synthetic methods. Introducing leaving groups as substituents to the phosphorus or boron can pave the way for enhanced functionalization and modification. In this study, we present the synthesis of phosphaborenes featuring an N-heterocyclic boryl group on phosphorus and halogen substituent on boron, with stabilization provided by an N-heterocyclic carbene. Straightforward alkylation/arylation of these phosphaborenes is achieved by substituting the halogen with benzyl and aryl groups at the boron terminus. Our approach offers an efficient route to produce a diverse array of phosphaborene structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Dongguan Key Laboratory for Data Science and Intelligent Medicine, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Xin-Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Baradzenka AG, Vyboishchikov SF, Pilkington M, Nikonov GI. Base-Stabilized Phosphinidene Oxide, Imide and Sulfide. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301842. [PMID: 37490421 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of a base-stabilized phosphinidene (κ2 -NNP)P (12, NNP=phosphinoamidinate) with N2 O afforded a labile phosphinidene oxide (κ2 -NNP)P=O (16) which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Further oxidation of 16 by N2 O or reaction of 12 with two equivalents of pyridine oxide afforded the isolable dioxide (κ2 -NNP)PO2 which was characterized by NMR and SC XRD. Trapping of 16 with tolyl isocyanate resulted in P=O/N=C metathesis, eventually affording a urea-ligated phosphine (κ1 -NNP)P(NTol)2 C=O (17) The mechanism of this reaction was elucidated by DFT calculations. Reactions of phosphinidene 12 with azides generated transient imines (NNP)P=NR, which in the case of R=Tol underwent cycloaddition with tolyl Isocyanate to afford the urea product 17, and in the case of R=SiMe3 reacts with N3 SiMe3 via the addition of N-Si across the P=N bond affording, after the extrusion of dinitrogen, a P,N-heterocyclic compound. Both products of the reactions with azides have been fully characterized, both in solution and the solid-state. Finally, reaction of phosphinidene 12 with one equivalent of sulfur resulted in the isolation of the base-stabilized phosphinidene sulfide (κ2 -NNP)P=S that has also been fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliona G Baradzenka
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sergei F Vyboishchikov
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
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4
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Nees S, Beer H, Just P, Teichmeier LM, Christoffer LE, Guljam A, Kushik, Braunschweig H, Hering-Junghans C. On the Reactivity of Mes*P(PMe 3 ) towards Aluminum(I) Compounds - Evidence for the Intermediate Formation of Phosphaalumenes. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300078. [PMID: 36824017 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphaalumenes are the heavier isoelectronic analogs of alkynes and have eluded facile synthesis until recently. We have reported that the combination of a phosphinidene transfer agent, Ar TerP(PMe3 ) (Ar Ter=2,6-Ar2 -C6 H3 ), with (Cp*Al)4 (Cp*=C5 (CH3 )5 ) afforded the phosphaalumenes Ar TerPAlCp* as isolable, violet, thermally stable compounds. In here we describe attempts to utilize Mes*P(PMe3 ) (Mes*=2,4,6-tBu3 -C6 H2 ) as a phosphinidene source in combination with different Al(I) precursors, namely Dip NacnacAl (Dip Nacnac=HC[C(Me)NDip]2 , Dip=2,6-iPr2 -C6 H3 ), (Cp*Al)4 and Cp3t Al (Cp3t =1,2,4-tBu3 -C5 H2 ). In all cases the formation of phosphaalumenes was not observed, however, their intermediate formation is indicated by formation of the dimer [Cp*Al(μ-PMes*)]2 (2) and C-H-bond activation products along the putative P=Al bond, giving unusual 1,2-P,Al-tetrahydronaphtalene derivatives 1 and 4, clearly underlining the role the sterically demanding group on phosphorus plays in these transformations. The reactivity studies are supported by theoretical studies, demonstrating a thermodynamic preference for the C-H activation products. Additionally, we show that there are potential pitfalls in the synthesis of Cp*2 AlH, the precursor to make (Cp*Al)4 and give recommendations how to circumvent these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Beer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philip Just
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Leon M Teichmeier
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Leif E Christoffer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ailina Guljam
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kushik
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Nazish M, Legendre CM, Ding Y, Schluschaß B, Schwederski B, Herbst-Irmer R, Parvathy P, Parameswaran P, Stalke D, Kaim W, Roesky HW. A Neutral Borylene and its Conversion to a Radical by Selective Hydrogen Transfer. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A successful selective reduction of X2B-Tip (Tip = 1,3,5-iPr3-C6H2, X = I, Br) with KC8 and Mg metal, respectively, in the presence of a hybrid ligand (C6H4(PPh2)LSi) leads to a stable low-valent five-membered ring as a boryl radical [C6H4(PPh2)LSiBTip][Br] (1) and neutral borylene [C6H4(PPh2)LSiBTip] (2). Compound 2 reacts with 1,4-cyclohexadiene, resulting in hydrogen abstraction to afford the radical [C6H4(PPh2)LSiB(H)Tip] (3). Quantum chemical studies reveal that compound 1 is a B-centered radical, and compound 2 is a phosphane and silylene stabilized neutral borylene in a trigonal planar environment, whereas compound 3 is an amidinate-centered radical. Although compounds 1 and 2 are stabilized by hyperconjugation and π-conjugation, they display high H-abstraction energy and basicity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nazish
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina M Legendre
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yi Ding
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Schluschaß
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schwederski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Parameswaran Parvathy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Witte R, Arrowsmith M, Lamprecht A, Schorr F, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H. C-C and C-N Bond Activation, Lewis-Base Coordination and One- and Two-Electron Oxidation at a Linear Aminoborylene. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203663. [PMID: 36562195 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC)-stabilized dicoordinate aminoborylene is synthesized by the twofold reduction of a [(CAAC)BCl2 (TMP)] (TMP=2,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) precursor. NMR-spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic and computational analyses confirm the cumulenic nature of the central C=B=N moiety. Irradiation of [(CAAC)B(TMP)] (2) resulted in an intramolecular C-C bond activation, leading to a doubly-fused C10 BN heterocycle, while the reaction with acetonitrile resulted in an aryl migration from the CAAC to the acetonitrile nitrogen atom, concomitant with tautomerization of the latter to a boron-bound allylamino ligand. One-electron oxidation of 2 with CuX (X=Cl, Br) afforded the corresponding amino(halo)boryl radicals, which were characterized by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Placing 2 under an atmosphere of CO afforded the tricoordinate (CAAC,CO)-stabilized aminoborylene. Finally, the twofold oxidation of 2 with chalcogens led, in the case of N2 O and sulfur, to the splitting of the B-CCAAC bond and formation of the 2,4-diamino-1,3,2,4-dichalcogenadiboretanes and CAAC-chalcogen adducts, whereas with selenium a monomeric boraselenone was isolated, which showed some degree of B-Se multiple bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Witte
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lamprecht
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schorr
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Nees S, Wellnitz T, Dankert F, Härterich M, Dotzauer S, Feldt M, Braunschweig H, Hering-Junghans C. On the Reactivity of Phosphaalumenes towards C-C Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215838. [PMID: 36516342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles containing group 13 and 15 elements such as borazines are an integral part of organic, biomedical and materials chemistry. Surprisingly, heterocycles containing P and Al are rare. We have now utilized phosphaalumenes in reactions with alkynes, alkenes and conjugated double bond systems. With sterically demanding alkynes 1,2-phosphaalumetes were afforded, whereas the reaction with HCCH or HCCSiMe3 gave 1,4-phosphaaluminabarrelenes. Using styrene saturated 1,2-phosphaalumates were formed, which reacted further with additional styrene to give different regio-isomers of 1,4-aluminaphosphorinanes. Using ethylene, a 1,4-aluminaphosphorinane is obtained, while with 1,3-butadiene a bicyclic system containing an aluminacyclopentane and a phosphirane unit was synthesized. The experimental work is supported by theoretical studies to shed light on the mechanism governing the formation of these heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Dotzauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milica Feldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Li J, Lu Z, Liu LL. A Free Phosphaborene Stable at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23691-23697. [PMID: 36520955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Free phosphaborenes (R-P═B-R) are PB analogues of alkynes, and their isolation is a long-sought-after goal. Herein, we demonstrate that the combination of a π-donating and a π-accepting substituent with bulky flanking arene rings enables the isolation of a crystalline free phosphaborene 5 at room temperature. This electron push-pull cooperation, combined with the kinetic protection, hinders its inherent tendency to oligomerize. This species features a PB double bond consisting of a conventional σ bond and a delocalized π bond. The lone pair of electrons at P slightly contributes to the PB bonding. Preliminary reactivity studies show that 5 undergoes facile (cyclo)addition reactions with p-methyl benzaldehyde, p-fluoroacetophenone, and carbon disulfide, the last of which results in facile PB double bond cleavage. Our strategy has a significant impact on the future synthesis of ambiphilic heterodiatomic multiply bonded main group species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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Koner A, Morgenstern B, Andrada DM. Metathesis Reactions of a NHC‐Stabilized Phosphaborene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203345. [PMID: 35583052 PMCID: PMC9401048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The BP unsaturated unit is a very attractive functional group as it provides novel reactivity and unique physical properties. Nonetheless, applications remain limited so far due to the bulky nature of B/P‐protecting groups, required to prevent oligomerization. Herein, we report the synthesis and isolation of a N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized phosphaborene, bearing a trimethylsilyl (TMS) functionality at the P‐terminal, as a room‐temperature‐stable crystalline solid accessible via facile NHC‐induced trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) elimination from its phosphinoborane precursor. This phosphaborene compound, bearing a genuine B=P bond, exhibits a remarkable ability for undergoing P‐centre metathesis reactions, which allows the isolation of a series of unprecedented phosphaborenes. X‐ray crystallographic analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculations provide insights into the B=P bonding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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10
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Li J, Mei Y, Liu LL. An Isolable Phosphaborene Stabilized by an Intramolecular Lewis Base. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Li
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yanbo Mei
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry 1088 Xueyuandadao 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
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11
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Koner A, Morgenstern B, Andrada DM. Metathese Reaktionen eines NHC‐stabilisierten Phosphaborens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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12
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Schulz J, Sárosi MB, Hey‐Hawkins E. Exploring the Reactivity of B‐Connected Carboranylphosphines in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry: A New Frame for a Classic System. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200531. [PMID: 35472172 PMCID: PMC9320892 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The primary phosphines MesPH2 and tBuPH2 react with 9‐iodo‐m‐carborane yielding B9‐connected secondary carboranylphosphines 1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PHR (R=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2 (Mes; 1
a), tBu (1
b)). Addition of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) to 1
a, b resulted in the zwitterionic compounds 1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PHR(p‐C6F4)BF(C6F5)2 (2
a, b) through nucleophilic para substitution of a C6F5 ring followed by fluoride transfer to boron. Further reaction with Me2SiHCl prompted a H−F exchange yielding the zwitterionic compounds 1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PHR(p‐C6F4)BH(C6F5)2 (3
a, b). The reaction of 2
a, b with one equivalent of R'MgBr (R’=Me, Ph) gave the extremely water‐sensitive frustrated Lewis pairs 1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PR(p‐C6F4)B(C6F5)2 (4
a, b). Hydrolysis of the B−C6F4 bond in 4
a, b gave the first tertiary B‐carboranyl phosphines with three distinct substituents, 1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PR(p‐C6F4H) (5
a, b). Deprotonation of the zwitterionic compounds 2
a, b and 3
a, b formed anionic phosphines [1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PR(p‐C6F4)BX(C6F5)2]−[DMSOH]+ (R=Mes, X=F (6
a), R=tBu, X=F (6
b); R=Mes, X=H (7
a), R=tBu, X=H (7
b)). Reaction of 2
a, b with an excess of Grignard reagents resulted in the addition of R’ at the boron atom yielding the anions [1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PR(p‐C6F4)BR’(C6F5)2]− (R=Mes, R’=Me (8
a), R=tBu, R’=Me (8
b); R=Mes, R’=Ph (9
a), R=tBu, R’=Ph (9
b)) with [MgBr(Et2O)n]+ as counterion. The ability of the zwitterionic compounds 3
a, b to hydrogenate imines as well as the Brønsted acidity of 3
a were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schulz
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Menyhárt B. Sárosi
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Linnéstraße 2 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
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13
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Kumar Sarkar S, Kundu S, Nazish M, Kretsch J, Herbst‐Irmer R, Stalke D, Parvathy P, Parameswaran P, Roesky HW. A Carbene‐Stabilized Boryl‐Phosphinidene. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200913. [PMID: 35357049 PMCID: PMC9322276 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis and characterization of the carbene‐stabilized boryl phosphinidenes 1–3 are reported. Compounds 1–3 are obtained by reacting Me‐cAAC=PK (Me2‐cAAC=dimethyl cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene) and dihaloaryl borane in toluene. All three compounds were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Quantum mechanical studies indicated that these compounds have two lone pairs on the P center viz., an σ‐type lone pair and a “hidden” π‐type lone pair. Hence, these compounds can act as double Lewis bases, and the basicity of the π‐type lone pair is higher than the σ‐type lone pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Mohd Nazish
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Johannes Kretsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Parameswaran Parvathy
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode Kerala 673601 India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode Kerala 673601 India
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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14
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Dankert F, Hering-Junghans C. Heavier group 13/15 multiple bond systems: synthesis, structure and chemical bond activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1242-1262. [PMID: 35014640 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heavier group 13/15 multiple bonds have been under investigation since the late 80s and to date, several examples have been published, which shows the obsoleteness of the so-called double bond rule. Especially in the last few years, more and more group 13/15 multiple bonds became synthetically feasible and their application in terms of small molecule activation has been demonstrated. Our group has recently shown that the combination of the pnictinidene precursor DipTer-Pn(PMe3) (Pn = P, As) in combination with Al(I) synthons afforded the first examples of phospha- and arsaalumenes as isolable and thermally robust compounds. This feature article is intended to show the recent developments in the field, to outline early synthetic approaches and to discuss strategies to unlock the synthetic potential of these elusive chemical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dankert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - C Hering-Junghans
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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15
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Nees S, Fantuzzi F, Wellnitz T, Fischer M, Siewert J, Goettel JT, Hofmann A, Härterich M, Braunschweig H, Hering‐Junghans C. Cyclische Dipnictadialane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT) A.-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Malte Fischer
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT) A.-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Jan‐Erik Siewert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT) A.-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - James T. Goettel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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16
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Nees S, Fantuzzi F, Wellnitz T, Fischer M, Siewert J, Goettel JT, Hofmann A, Härterich M, Braunschweig H, Hering‐Junghans C. Cyclo-Dipnictadialanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24318-24325. [PMID: 34478231 PMCID: PMC8596407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Using the AlI precursor Cp3t Al in conjunction with triphosphiranes (PAr)3 (Ar=Mes, Dip, Tip) we have succeeded in preparing Lewis base-free cyclic diphosphadialanes with both the Al and P atoms bearing three substituents. Using the sterically more demanding Dip and Tip substituents the first 1,2-diphospha-3,4-dialuminacyclobutanes were obtained, whereas with Mes substituents [Cp3t Al(μ-PMes)]2 is formed. This divergent reactivity was corroborated by DFT studies, which indicated the thermodynamic preference for the 1,2-diphospha-3,4-dialuminacyclobutane form for sterically more demanding groups on phosphorus. Using Cp*Al we could extend this concept to the corresponding cyclic diarsadialanes [Cp*Al(μ-AsAr)]2 (Ar=Dip, Tip) and additionally add the phosphorus variants [Cp*Al(μ-PAr)]2 (P=Mes, Dip, Tip). The reactivity of one variant [Cp3t Al(μ-PPh)]2 towards NHCs was tested and resulted in double NHC-stabilised [Cp3t (IiPr2 )Al(μ-PPh)]2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Malte Fischer
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Jan‐Erik Siewert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - James T. Goettel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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17
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Feld J, Wilson DWN, Goicoechea JM. Contrasting E-H Bond Activation Pathways of a Phosphanyl-Phosphagallene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22057-22061. [PMID: 34383991 PMCID: PMC8518045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the phosphanyl‐phosphagallene, [H2C{N(Dipp)}]2PP=Ga(Nacnac) (Nacnac=HC[C(Me)N(Dipp)]2; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) towards a series of reagents possessing E−H bonds (primary amines, ammonia, water, phenylacetylene, phenylphosphine, and phenylsilane) is reported. Two contrasting reaction pathways are observed, determined by the polarity of the E−H bonds of the substrates. In the case of protic reagents (δ−E−Hδ+), a frustrated Lewis pair type of mechanism is operational at room temperature, in which the gallium metal centre acts as a Lewis acid and the pendant phosphanyl moiety deprotonates the substrates. Interestingly, at elevated temperatures both NH2iPr and ammonia can react via a second, higher energy, pathway resulting in the hydroamination of the Ga=P bond. By contrast, with hydridic reagents (δ+E−Hδ−), such as phenylsilane, hydroelementation of the Ga=P bond is exclusively observed, in line with the polarisation of the Si−H and Ga=P bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Feld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Rd., Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Daniel W N Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Rd., Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Rd., Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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18
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Feld J, Wilson DWN, Goicoechea JM. Contrasting E−H Bond Activation Pathways of a Phosphanyl‐Phosphagallene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joey Feld
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Rd. Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Daniel W. N. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Rd. Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Rd. Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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19
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Abstract
We report the phospha-bora-Wittig reaction for the direct preparation of phosphaalkenes from aldehydes, ketones, esters, or amides. The transient phosphaborene Mes*P═B-NR2 reacts with carbonyl compounds to form 1,2,3-phosphaboraoxetanes, analogues of oxaphosphetane intermediates in the classical Wittig reaction. 1,2,3-Phosphaboraoxetanes undergo thermal or Lewis acid-promoted cycloreversion, yielding phosphaalkenes. Experimental and density functional theory studies reveal far-reaching similarities between classical and phospha-bora-Wittig reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andryj M Borys
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ella F Rice
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Cowley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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20
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Brückner T, Fantuzzi F, Stennett TE, Krummenacher I, Dewhurst RD, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Isolierung neutraler, mono‐ und dikationischer B
2
P
2
‐Ringe durch Addition eines Diphosphans an eine Bor‐Bor‐Dreifachbindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brückner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Tom E. Stennett
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
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21
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Brückner T, Fantuzzi F, Stennett TE, Krummenacher I, Dewhurst RD, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Isolation of Neutral, Mono-, and Dicationic B 2 P 2 Rings by Diphosphorus Addition to a Boron-Boron Triple Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13661-13665. [PMID: 33844394 PMCID: PMC8252364 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The NHC-stabilised diboryne (B2 (SIDep)2 ; SIDep=1,3-bis(2,6-diethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) undergoes a high-yielding P-P bond activation with tetraethyldiphosphine at room temperature to form a B2 P2 heterocycle via a diphosphoryldiborene by 1,2-diphosphination. The heterocycle can be oxidised to a radical cation and a dication, respectively, depending on the oxidant used and its counterion. Starting from the planar, neutral 1,3-bis(alkylidene)-1,3-diborata-2,4-diphosphoniocyclobutane, each oxidation step leads to decreased B-B distances and loss of planarity by cationisation. X-ray analyses in conjunction with DFT and CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations reveal closed-shell singlet, butterfly-shaped structures for the NHC-stabilised dicationic B2 P2 rings, with their diradicaloid, planar-ring isomers lying close in energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brückner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tom E Stennett
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Fischer M, Nees S, Kupfer T, Goettel JT, Braunschweig H, Hering-Junghans C. Isolable Phospha- and Arsaalumenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4106-4111. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Fischer
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kupfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - James T. Goettel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Borthakur B, Ghosh B, Phukan AK. The flourishing chemistry of carbene stabilized compounds of group 13 and 14 elements. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Borthakur R, Chandrasekhar V. Boron-heteroelement (B–E; E = Al, C, Si, Ge, N, P, As, Bi, O, S, Se, Te) multiply bonded compounds: Recent advances. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Since the discovery that the so-called "double-bond" rule could be broken, the field of molecular main group multiple bonds has expanded rapidly. With the majority of homodiatomic double and triple bonds realised within the p-block, along with many heterodiatomic combinations, this Minireview examines the reactivity of these compounds with a particular emphasis on small molecule activation. Furthermore, whilst their ability to act as transition metal mimics has been explored, their catalytic behaviour is somewhat limited. This Minireview aims to highlight the potential of these complexes towards catalytic application and their role as synthons in further functionalisations making them a versatile tool for the modern synthetic chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Weetman
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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26
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Dilchert K, Scherpf T, Gessner VH. Carbenoid‐Mediated Formation and Activation of Element‐Element and Element–Hydrogen Bonds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr‐University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr‐University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr‐University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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27
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Abstract
Boragermene 3 featuring a double bond between the Ge and dicoordinate B atoms has been synthesized for the first time by reacting the cyclic (alkyl)(boryl)germylene-PMe3 adduct 1 with Cl2 BN(SiMe3 )2 followed by reductive dehalogenation with KC8 . Addition of a Lewis base (Me NHC) to 3 leads to the formation of the corresponding adduct 4, which shows double bond character between the Ge and tricoordinate B atoms. Compound 3 undergoes hydrogenation with H2 concomitant with a complete scission of the Ge=B bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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29
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Schoening J, John L, Wölper C, Schulz S. Synthesis and structures of gallaarsenes LGaAsGa(X)L featuring a Ga-As double bond. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17729-17734. [PMID: 31754681 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03998h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Three equivalents of LGa {L = HC[C(Me)N(2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)]2} react with AsX3 (X = Cl, Br) by insertion into two As-X bonds, followed by the elimination of LGaX2 and formation of LGaAsGa(Cl)L (1) and LGaAsGa(Br)L (2). According to single crystal X-ray analysis, 1 and 2 each exhibit one Ga-As single bond and one Ga-As double bond. The π-bonding contribution (9.71 kcal mol-11 and 9.44 kcal mol-12) was proved by variable temperature (VT) 1H NMR spectroscopy, while the electronic structure of 1' was studied by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schoening
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); Universitätsstr. 7, S07 S03 C30, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Lukas John
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); Universitätsstr. 7, S07 S03 C30, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); Universitätsstr. 7, S07 S03 C30, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); Universitätsstr. 7, S07 S03 C30, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
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30
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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31
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Roy MM, Miao L, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Rivard E. An unexpected Staudinger reaction at an N-heterocyclic carbene-carbon center. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The previously unreported carbene-phosphine adduct (IPr)PCl2N3 [IPr = (HCNDipp)2C:; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3] was synthesized and used as a synthon toward the elusive dichlorophosphazene monomer unit, [Cl2P=N]. (IPr)PCl2N3 was found to undergo halide and azide abstraction when combined with various electrophiles and its thermolysis yielded the unexpected Staudinger reaction product (IPr=N)PCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M.D. Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Linkun Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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32
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Lik A, Kargin D, Isenberg S, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R, Helten H. PBP bridged [3]ferrocenophane: a bisphosphanylborane with a redox trigger. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2471-2474. [PMID: 29387839 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09759j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stereospecific access to the unprecedented P-B-P bridged [3]ferrocenophane Fe(C5H4PtBu)2BMes is presented. In contrast to acyclic ferrocenylphosphanes, we find evidence for a shift of spin-density from Fe to P upon pyramidal inversion of the P centers in the mono-cation; the latter has a lifetime of τ = 0.31(4) s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Lik
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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33
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Lu JS, Yang MC, Su MD. Triple-Bonded Boron≡Phosphorus Molecule: Is That Possible? ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:76-85. [PMID: 31457879 PMCID: PMC6641486 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of substitution on the potential energy surfaces of RB≡PR (R = H, F, OH, SiH3, and CH3) is studied using density functional theories (M06-2X/Def2-TZVP, B3PW91/Def2-TZVP, and B3LYP/LANL2DZ+dp). There is significant theoretical evidence that RB≡PR compounds with smaller substituents are fleeting intermediates, so they would be difficult to be detected experimentally. These theoretical studies using the M06-2X/Def2-TZVP method demonstrate that only the triply bonded R'B≡PR' molecules bearing sterically bulky groups (R' = Tbt (=C6H2-2,4,6-{CH(SiMe3)2}3), SiMe(SitBu3)2, Ar* (=C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-i-Pr3)2), and SiiPrDis2) are significantly stabilized and can be isolated experimentally. Using the simple valence-electron bonding model and some sophisticated theories, the bonding character of R'B≡PR' should be viewed as R'BI PR'. The present theoretical observations indicate that both the electronic and the steric effect of bulkier substituent ligands play a key role in making triply bonded R'B≡PR' species synthetically accessible and isolable in a stable form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Syun Lu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Yang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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34
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Graham CME, Millet CRP, Price AN, Valjus J, Cowley MJ, Tuononen HM, Ragogna PJ. Preparation and Characterization of P2
BCh Ring Systems (Ch=S, Se) and Their Reactivity with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2017; 24:672-680. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron M. E. Graham
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research; Western University; 1151 Richmond St. London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | | | - Amy N. Price
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Juuso Valjus
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre; University of Jyväskylä; P.O. Box 35 Jyväskylä 40014 Finland
| | - Michael J. Cowley
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre; University of Jyväskylä; P.O. Box 35 Jyväskylä 40014 Finland
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research; Western University; 1151 Richmond St. London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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