1
|
Zhang H, Xiao Y, Lemmerer M, Bortolato T, Maulide N. Domino Conjugate Addition-1,4-Aryl Migration for the Synthesis of α,β-Difunctionalized Amides. JACS AU 2024; 4:2456-2461. [PMID: 39055149 PMCID: PMC11267538 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A domino difunctionalization of sulfonyl(acryl)imides to form β-substituted α-aryl amides is reported. This transformation involves a 1,4-addition followed by a polar Truce-Smiles rearrangement process, entropically driven by release of SO2. A wide range of carbon- and heteroatom-based nucleophiles and sulfonyl imides were employed, allowing rapid access to highly functionalized amides. In contrast to related reactions with a radical pathway, unbiased substrates could be employed. Despite the usual requirement of an electron-poor migrating moiety for the SNAr event, we herein report unique and unprecedented vinylogous migrations of electron-neutral arenes. Additionally, a one-pot process toward β-amido amides starting from acrylic acids has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Zhang
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler
Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yi Xiao
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM
Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of
Sciences, Lazarettgasse
14, AKH BT 25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miran Lemmerer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tommaso Bortolato
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler
Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM
Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of
Sciences, Lazarettgasse
14, AKH BT 25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kotwal N, Chauhan P. Evolution in the asymmetric synthesis of biaryl ethers and related atropisomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6837-6846. [PMID: 38767332 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01655f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Axially chiral biaryl ethers and related compounds hold valuable potential in natural products, medicinal chemistry, and catalysis; however, their asymmetric syntheses have always been overlooked compared to other biaryl/hetero-biaryl atropisomers. Unlike the later class molecules bearing a single chiral axis, the former category possesses a unique type of atropisomerism bearing two potential axes. Due to their great importance in diverse research domains, catalytic atropselective biaryl ether synthesis has recently witnessed an upsurge. This highlight article provides an elaborated view on the developments of catalytic synthetic methods that have been explored to achieve dual axial chirality in biaryl ethers and related scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Kotwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221 J&K, India.
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221 J&K, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng J, Lu CJ, Liu RR. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Atropisomers Featuring an Aza Axis. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2537-2554. [PMID: 37694726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAtropisomers bearing a rotation-restricted axis are common structural units in natural products, chiral ligands, and drugs; thus, the prevalence of asymmetric synthesis has increased in recent decades. Research into atropisomers featuring an N-containing axis (N-X atropisomers) remains in its infancy compared with the well-developed C-C atropisomer analogue. Notably, N-X atropisomers could offer divergent scaffolds, which are extremely important in bioactive molecules. The asymmetric synthesis of N-X atropisomers is recognized as both appealing and challenging. Recently, we devoted our efforts to the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of N-X atropisomers, benzimidazole-aryl N-C atropisomers, indole-aryl N-C atropisomers, hydrogen-bond-assisted N-C atropisomers, pyrrole-pyrrole N-N atropisomers, pyrrole-indole N-N atropisomers, and indole-indole N-N atropisomers. To obtain the N-C atropisomers, an asymmetric Buchwald-Hartwig reaction of amidines or enamines was employed. Using a Pd(OAc)2/(S)-BINAP or Pd(OAc)2/(S)-Xyl-BINAP catalyst system, benzimidazole-aryl N-C atropisomers and indole-aryl N-C atropisomers were readily obtained. To address the issue of the reduced stability of the diarylamine axis, a six-membered intramolecular N-H-O hydrogen bond was introduced into the N-C atropisomer scaffold. A tandem N-arylation/oxidation process was used for the chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of N-aryl quinone atropisomers. For N-N atropisomers, a copper-mediated asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation/arylation reaction was developed. The desymmetrization process was completed successfully via a Cu(OTf)2/chiral bisoxazoline or (CuOTf)·Tol/bis(phosphine) dioxide system, thereby achieving the first catalytic asymmetric synthesis of N/N bipyrrole atropisomers. Asymmetric Buchwald-Hartwig amination of enamines was utilized to provide N-N bisindole atropisomers with excellent stereogenic control. This was the first asymmetric synthesis of N-N atropisomers featuring a bisindole structural scaffold using the de novo indole construction strategy. The asymmetric N-N heterobiaryl atropisomer synthesis was substantially facilitated using palladium-catalyzed transient directing group (TDG)-mediated C-H functionalization. Atropisomeric alkenylation, allylation, or alkynylation was accomplished using the Pd(OAc)2/l-tert-leucine system. Herein, we summarize our work on the palladium-, copper-, and CPA-catalyzed asymmetric syntheses of N-C and N-N atropisomers. Furthermore, the application of our work in the synthesis of bioactive molecule analogues and axially chiral ligands is demonstrated. Subsequently, the stability of the chiral N-containing axis is briefly discussed in terms of single crystals and obtained rotational barriers. Finally, an outlook on the asymmetric N-X atropisomer synthesis is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chuan-Jun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ren-Rong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roos CB, Chiang CH, Murray LAM, Yang D, Schulert L, Narayan ARH. Stereodynamic Strategies to Induce and Enrich Chirality of Atropisomers at a Late Stage. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10641-10727. [PMID: 37639323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers, where chirality arises from restricted rotation around a single bond, are atropisomers. Due to the unique nature of the origins of their chirality, synthetic strategies to access these compounds in an enantioselective manner differ from those used to prepare enantioenriched compounds containing point chirality arising from an unsymmetrically substituted carbon center. In particular stereodynamic transformations, such as dynamic kinetic resolutions, thermodynamic dynamic resolutions, and deracemizations, which rely on the ability to racemize or interconvert enantiomers, are a promising set of transformations to prepare optically pure compounds in the late stage of a synthetic sequence. Translation of these synthetic approaches from compounds with point chirality to atropisomers requires an expanded toolbox for epimerization/racemization and provides an opportunity to develop a new conceptual framework for the enantioselective synthesis of these compounds.
Collapse
|
5
|
Morris DTJ, Clayden J. Screw sense and screw sensibility: communicating information by conformational switching in helical oligomers. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2480-2496. [PMID: 36928473 PMCID: PMC10068589 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00982j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems have evolved a number of different strategies to communicate information on the molecular scale. Among these, the propagation of conformational change is among the most important, being the means by which G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) use extracellular signals to modulate intracellular processes, and the way that opsin proteins translate light signals into nerve impulses. The developing field of foldamer chemistry has allowed chemists to employ conformationally well-defined synthetic structures likewise to mediate information transfer, making use of mechanisms that are not found in biological contexts. In this review, we discuss the use of switchable screw-sense preference as a communication mechanism. We discuss the requirements for functional communication devices, and show how dynamic helical foldamers derived from the achiral monomers such as α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and meso-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine fulfil them by communicating information in the form of switchable screw-sense preference. We describe the various stimuli that can be used to switch screw sense, and explore the way that propagation of the resulting conformational preference in a well-defined helical molecule allows screw sense to control chemical events remote from a source of information. We describe the operation of these conformational switches in the membrane phase, and outline the progress that has been made towards using conformational switching to communicate between the exterior and interior of a phospholipid vesicle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T J Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu D, Yu L, Luo H, Xue X, Chen Z. Atroposelective Electrophilic Sulfenylation of
N
‐Aryl Aminoquinone Derivatives Catalyzed by Chiral SPINOL‐Derived Sulfide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211782. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Lu Yu
- College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Hui‐Yun Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu D, Yu L, Luo HY, Xue XS, Chen ZM. Atroposelective Electrophilic Sulfenylation of N‐Aryl Aminoquinone Derivatives Catalyzed by Chiral SPINOL‐Derived Sulfide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng Zhu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Lu Yu
- Nankai University college of chemistry 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300071 CHINA
| | - Hui-Yun Luo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhi-Min Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 800 Dongchuan RD. Minhang District 200240 Shanghai CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Homma D, Taketani S, Shirai T, Caytan E, Roussel C, Elguero J, Alkorta I, Kitagawa O. Rotational Behavior of N-(5-Substituted-pyrimidin-2-yl)anilines: Relayed Electronic Effect in Two N-Ar Bond Rotations. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8118-8125. [PMID: 35657258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N-Methyl-2-methoxymethylanilines 1 bearing various 5-substituted-pyrimidin-2-yl groups were prepared, and their rotational behaviors were explored in detail. It was revealed that the rotational barriers around two N-Ar bonds increase in proportion to the electron-withdrawing ability of substituents X at the 5-position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Homma
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Shuhei Taketani
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Elsa Caytan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wales SM, Saunthwal RK, Clayden J. C(sp 3)-Arylation by Conformationally Accelerated Intramolecular Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (S NAr). Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1731-1747. [PMID: 35620846 PMCID: PMC9219115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The asymmetric synthesis of heavily substituted benzylic stereogenic
centers, prevalent in natural products, therapeutics, agrochemicals,
and catalysts, is an ongoing challenge. In this Account, we outline
our contribution to this endeavor, describing our discovery of a series
of new reactions that not only have synthetic applicability but also
present significant mechanistic intrigue. The story originated from
our longstanding interest in the stereochemistry and reactivity of
functionalized organolithiums. While investigating the lithiation
chemistry of ureas (a “Cinderella” sister of the more
established amides and carbamates), we noted an unexpected Truce–Smiles
(T-S) rearrangement involving the 1,4-N → C transposition of
a urea N′-aryl group to the α-carbanion
of an adjacent N-benzyl group. Despite this reaction
formally constituting an SNAr substitution, we found it
to be remarkably tolerant of the electronic properties of the migrating
aryl substituent and the degree of substitution at the carbanion.
Moreover, in contrast to classical SNAr reactions, the
rearrangement was sufficiently rapid that it took place under conditions
compatible with configurational stability in an organolithium intermediate,
enabling enantiospecific arylation at benzylic stereogenic centers.
Experimental and computational studies confirmed a low kinetic barrier
to the aryl migration arising from the strong preference for a trans arrangement of the urea N′-aryl
and carbonyl groups, populating a reactive conformer in which spatial
proximity was enforced between the carbanion and N′-aryl group, hugely accelerating ipso-substitution. This discovery led us to uncover a whole series of conformationally
accelerated intramolecular N → C aryl transfers using different
anilide-based functional groups, including a diverse range of urea,
carbamate, and thiocarbamate-substituted anions. Products included
enantioenriched α-tertiary amines (including α-arylated
N-heterocycles) and alcohols, as well as rare α-tertiary thiols.
Synthetically challenging diarylated centers with differentiated aryl
groups featured heavily in all product sets. The absolute enantiospecificity
(retention versus inversion) of the reaction was dependent on the
heteroatom α to the lithiation site: the origin of this stereodivergence
was probed both experimentally and computationally. Asymmetric variants
of the rearrangement were realized by enantioselective deprotonation,
and connective strategies were developed in which an intermolecular
C–C bond-forming event preceded the anionic rearrangement.
Substrates where the N′-nucleofuge (at the
aryl ipso position) was tethered to the migrating
arene allowed us to use the rearrangement as a ring expansion method
to generate 8- to 12-membered medium-ring N-heterocycles from very
simple precursors. Stabilized carbon nucleophiles such as alkali metal
enolates also readily promoted intramolecular N → C aryl transfer
in N′-arylureas, opening up access to biologically
relevant hydantoins, and enabling a “chiral memory”
approach for the (hetero)arylation of chiral α-amino acids with
programmable retention or inversion of configuration. Collectively,
our studies of electronically versatile T-S rearrangements in anilide-based
systems have culminated in a practical and general strategy for transition
metal-free C(sp3)-arylation. More broadly, our results
highlight the power of conformational activation to achieve unprecedented
reactivity in the construction of challenging C–C bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Wales
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Rakesh K. Saunthwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Allen AR, Noten EA, Stephenson CRJ. Aryl Transfer Strategies Mediated by Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2695-2751. [PMID: 34672526 PMCID: PMC9272681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Radical aryl migrations are powerful techniques to forge new bonds in aromatic compounds. The growing popularity of photoredox catalysis has led to an influx of novel strategies to initiate and control aryl migration starting from widely available radical precursors. This review encapsulates progress in radical aryl migration enabled by photochemical methods─particularly photoredox catalysis─since 2015. Special attention is paid to descriptions of scope, mechanism, and synthetic applications of each method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Efrey A. Noten
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ren Y, An Z, Zhao P, Li M, Yan R. Iron-catalyzed one-pot cyclization and amination of 2-alkynylthioanisoles using nitrosobenzenes as the amine source. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00535b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct strategy for the synthesis of 3-phenylaminobenzothiophene via iron-catalyzed cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles and nitrosoarenes is presented in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenyu An
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Pengbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mengxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rao J, Ren X, Zhu X, Guo Z, Wang C, Zhou CY. Ruthenium-catalyzed reaction of diazoquinones with arylamines to synthesize diarylamines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01134d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diarylamine scaffold is common in bioactive molecules. Herein, we report a Ru(ii)-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling reaction of diazoquinones with arylamines, which provides access to a range of functionalized diarylamines in 43–97% yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Rao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin W, Zhao Q, Li Y, Pan M, Yang C, Yang GH, Li X. Asymmetric synthesis of N-N axially chiral compounds via organocatalytic atroposelective N-acylation. Chem Sci 2021; 13:141-148. [PMID: 35059162 PMCID: PMC8694391 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05360d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the well-developed C-C and C-N axial chirality, the asymmetric synthesis of N-N axial chirality remains elusive and challenging. Herein we report the first atroposelective N-acylation reaction of quinazolinone type benzamides with cinnamic anhydrides for the direct catalytic synthesis of optically active atropisomeric quinazolinone derivatives. This reaction features mild conditions and a broad substrate scope and produces N-N axially chiral compounds with high yields and very good enantioselectivities. Besides, the synthetic utility of the protocol was proved by a large scale reaction, transformation of the product and the utilization of the product as an acylation kinetic resolution reagent. Moreover, DFT calculations provide convincing evidence for the interpretation of stereoselection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Guo-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Radical and Ionic Mechanisms in Rearrangements of o-Tolyl Aryl Ethers and Amines Initiated by the Grubbs-Stoltz Reagent, Et 3SiH/KO tBu. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226879. [PMID: 34833971 PMCID: PMC8619283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements of o-tolyl aryl ethers, amines, and sulfides with the Grubbs–Stoltz reagent (Et3SiH + KOtBu) were recently announced, in which the ethers were converted to o-hydroxydiarylmethanes, while the (o-tol)(Ar)NH amines were transformed into dihydroacridines. Radical mechanisms were proposed, based on prior evidence for triethylsilyl radicals in this reagent system. A detailed computational investigation of the rearrangements of the aryl tolyl ethers now instead supports an anionic Truce–Smiles rearrangement, where the initial benzyl anion can be formed by either of two pathways: (i) direct deprotonation of the tolyl methyl group under basic conditions or (ii) electron transfer to an initially formed benzyl radical. By contrast, the rearrangements of o-tolyl aryl amines depend on the nature of the amine. Secondary amines undergo deprotonation of the N-H followed by a radical rearrangement, to form dihydroacridines, while tertiary amines form both dihydroacridines and diarylmethanes through radical and/or anionic pathways. Overall, this study highlights the competition between the reactive intermediates formed by the Et3SiH/KOtBu system.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liang S, Wei K, Lin Y, Liu T, Wei D, Han B, Yu W. Visible-Light-Driven Aryl Migration and Cyclization of α-Azido Amides. Org Lett 2021; 23:4527-4531. [PMID: 34042459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports two new visible-light-promoted radical reactions of α-azido amides. By catalysis of [Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)]PF6 with i-Pr2NEt as the reducing agent, N-aryl α-azido tertiary amides were first converted to the corresponding aminyl radicals through reduction of the azido group; the aminyl radicals then underwent N-to-N aryl migration to give α-anilinyl-functionalized amides. α-Azido secondary amides, on the other hand, reacted with the solvent ethanol and i-Pr2NEt to afford the imidazolinone products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kaijie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yajun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tuming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abrams R, Jesani MH, Browning A, Clayden J. Triarylmethanes and their Medium-Ring Analogues by Unactivated Truce-Smiles Rearrangement of Benzanilides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11272-11277. [PMID: 33830592 PMCID: PMC8252078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution (Truce–Smiles rearrangement) of the anions of 2‐benzyl benzanilides leads to triarylmethanes in an operationally simple manner. The reaction succeeds even without electronic activation of the ring that plays the role of electrophile in the SNAr reaction, being accelerated instead by the preferred conformation imposed by the tertiary amide tether. The amide substituent of the product may be removed or transformed into alternative functional groups. A ring‐expanding variant (n to n+4) of the reaction provided a route to doubly benzo‐fused medium ring lactams of 10 or 11 members. Hammett analysis returned a ρ value consistent with the operation of a partially concerted reaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Mehul H Jesani
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Alex Browning
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The atroposelective formation of C-N bonds has recently emerged within the field of amination reactions. On first sight, it may seem quite surprising that such an ancient class of organic coupling reactions (Gabriel, Ullmann, Goldberg, Buchwald, Hartwig and many others) has so few enantioselective solutions, and this in spite of asymmetric synthesis being now a mature concept and field. Why should enantioselective C-N bond formation be so difficult? This question and some of the first examples that promise an imminent change of paradigm are herein discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinzenz Thönnißen
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Frederic W. Patureau
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abrams R, Jesani MH, Browning A, Clayden J. Triarylmethanes and their Medium‐Ring Analogues by Unactivated Truce–Smiles Rearrangement of Benzanilides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Mehul H. Jesani
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Alex Browning
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Matsuzawa T, Hosoya T, Yoshida S. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of N-Arylphenothiazines through an N- and S-Arylation Sequence. Org Lett 2021; 23:2347-2352. [PMID: 33667111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic method of N-arylphenothiazines from o-sulfanylanilines under transition-metal-free conditions is disclosed. An N- and S-arylation sequence of o-sulfanylanilines enabled us to synthesize a wide variety of N-arylphenothiazines. In particular, one-pot synthesis of N-arylphenothiazines was accomplished from easily available modules through preparation of o-sulfanylanilines by thioamination of aryne intermediates and following N- and S-arylation sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Millward MJ, Ellis E, Ward JW, Clayden J. Hydantoin-bridged medium ring scaffolds by migratory insertion of urea-tethered nitrile anions into aromatic C-N bonds. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2091-2096. [PMID: 34163972 PMCID: PMC8179327 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicyclic or tricyclic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds were constructed rapidly by intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution of metallated nitriles tethered by a urea linkage to a series of electronically unactivated heterocyclic precursors. The substitution reaction constitutes a ring expansion, enabled by the conformationally constrained tether between the nitrile and the heterocycle. Attack of the metallated urea leaving group on the nitrile generates a hydantoin that bridges the polycyclic products. X-ray crystallography reveals ring-dependant strain within the hydantoin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie J Millward
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Emily Ellis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - John W Ward
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Posada L, Davyt D, Serra G. First total synthesis of versicotide A, B and C. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43653-43659. [PMID: 35519702 PMCID: PMC9058379 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09635k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of versicotides A-C, natural products containing anthranilic acid and NMe-Ala, were achieved by solid phase peptide synthesis on 2-chlorotrityl resin followed by solution phase macrocyclization. Using an oxyma additive, the difficult coupling reactions to the deactivated aromatic amine of o-aminobenzoic acid, were performed in high yield, avoiding anthranilic rearrangements or side reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Posada
- Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República General Flores 2124 CC1157 Montevideo Uruguay
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República Uruguay
| | - Danilo Davyt
- Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República General Flores 2124 CC1157 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Gloria Serra
- Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República General Flores 2124 CC1157 Montevideo Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Costil R, Sterling AJ, Duarte F, Clayden J. Atropisomerism in Diarylamines: Structural Requirements and Mechanisms of Conformational Interconversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18670-18678. [PMID: 32633101 PMCID: PMC7589358 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In common with other hindered structures containing two aromatic rings linked by a short tether, diarylamines may exhibit atropisomerism (chirality due to restricted rotation). Previous examples have principally been tertiary amines, especially those with cyclic scaffolds. Little is known of the structural requirement for atropisomerism in structurally simpler secondary and acyclic diarylamines. In this paper we describe a systematic study of a series of acyclic secondary diarylamines, and we quantify the degree of steric hindrance in the ortho positions that is required for atropisomerism to result. Through a detailed experimental and computational analysis, the role of each ortho-substituent on the mechanism and rate of conformational interconversion is rationalised. We also present a simple predictive model for the design of configurationally stable secondary diarylamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Costil
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBS8 1TSBristolUK
| | | | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford UniversityMansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBS8 1TSBristolUK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feberero C, Sedano C, Suárez-Pantiga S, López CS, Sanz R. Experimental and Computational Study of the 1,5-O → N Carbamoyl Snieckus-Fries-Type Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12561-12578. [PMID: 32897069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of o-lithiated O-aryl N,N-diethylcarbamates with different C-N multiple bond electrophiles have been thoroughly studied. A 1,5-O → N carbamoyl shift, a new variation of the anionic Fries-type rearrangement, takes place when nitriles, imines, or alkylcarbodiimides are employed. In these cases, the carbamoyl group plays a dual role as a directing group, building up a variety of functional groups through the 1,5-O → N carbamoyl migration. On the other hand, the use of iso(thio)cyanates and arylcarbodiimides led to non-rearranged o-functionalized O-arylcarbamates. This reactivity was further computationally explored, and the governing factor could be traced back to the relative basicity of the alternative products (migrated vs nonmigrated substrates). This exploration also provided interesting insights about the degree of complexation of the lithium cations onto these substrates. A new access to useful 2-hydroxybenzophenone derivatives has also been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Feberero
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Sedano
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Silva López
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica and CITACA (Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Atropisomerism in Diarylamines: Structural Requirements and Mechanisms of Conformational Interconversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
25
|
Costil R, Crespi S, Pfeifer L, Feringa BL. Modulation of a Supramolecular Figure-of-Eight Strip Based on a Photoswitchable Stiff-Stilbene. Chemistry 2020; 26:7783-7787. [PMID: 32343010 PMCID: PMC7384132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The preparation, assembly and dynamic properties of photoswitchable bisphosphine ligands based on the stiff-stilbene scaffold are reported. Directional bonding and coordination-induced assembly allow complexation of these ligands with palladium(II), resulting in the formation of discrete metallo-supramolecular entities. While the Z isomer forms a simple bidentate metallo-macrocycle, an intricate double helicate figure-of-eight dimer is observed with the E ligand. Topologically 3D complexes can thus be obtained from 2D ligands. Upon irradiation with UV light, isomerization of the ligands allows control of the architecture of the formed complexes, resulting in a light-triggered modulation of the supramolecular topology. Furthermore, a mechanistic investigation unveiled the dynamic nature of the helicate chirality, where a transmission of motion from the palladium centers yields an "eight-to-eight" inversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Costil
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jiang X, Wei X, Lin F, Zhang Z, Yao G, Yang S, Zhao W, Zhao C, Xu H. Substrate-Controlled [5+1] Annulation of 5-Amino-1H
-phenylpyrazoles with Alkenes: Divergent Synthesis of Multisubstituted 4,5-Dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a
]quinazolines. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xunyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; South China Botanical Garden; 510650 Guangzhou China
| | - Fei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Guangkai Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Weijing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vaidya SD, Toenjes ST, Yamamoto N, Maddox SM, Gustafson JL. Catalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N-Aryl Quinoid Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2198-2203. [PMID: 31944689 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diarylamines and related scaffolds are among the most common chemotypes in modern drug discovery. While they can potentially possess two chiral axes, there are no studies on their enantioselective synthesis, as these axes typically possess lower stereochemical stabilities. Herein, we report a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed atroposelective electrophilic halogenation of N-aryl quinoids, a class of compounds that are analogous to diarylamines. This chemistry yields a large range of stereochemically stable N-aryl quinoids in excellent yields and atroposelectivity. This work represents the first example of the atroposelective synthesis of a diarylamine-like scaffold and will serve as a gateway to fundamental and applied studies on the scarcely studied chirality of these ubiquitous chiral scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar D Vaidya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182-1030 , United States
| | - Sean T Toenjes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182-1030 , United States
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182-1030 , United States
| | - Sean M Maddox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182-1030 , United States
| | - Jeffrey L Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182-1030 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu C, Jiang Q, Lin Y, Fang Z, Guo K. C- to N-Center Remote Heteroaryl Migration via Electrochemical Initiation of N Radical by Organic Catalyst. Org Lett 2020; 22:795-799. [PMID: 31922422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein an exogenous oxidant- and metal-free electrochemical heteroaryl migration triggered by N radicals to construct new N-C bonds was developed. This methodology features a high atom economy and utilization rate of energy, and it is insensitive to water and air. Moreover, a user-friendly undivided cell was employed. The use of an organic catalyst makes it more efficient, green, and practical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Yang Lin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Birepinte M, Robert F, Pinet S, Chabaud L, Pucheault M. Non-biaryl atropisomerism at the C–B bond in sterically hindered aminoarylboranes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3007-3011. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sterically hindered aminoarylboranes with atropisomerism about the C–B bond were prepared and resolved by chiral stationary phase HPLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Birepinte
- Institute of Molecular Science
- CNRS
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence cedex
- France
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Institute of Molecular Science
- CNRS
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence cedex
- France
| | - Sandra Pinet
- Institute of Molecular Science
- CNRS
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence cedex
- France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Institute of Molecular Science
- CNRS
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence cedex
- France
| | - Mathieu Pucheault
- Institute of Molecular Science
- CNRS
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence cedex
- France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xia ZH, Dai L, Gao ZH, Ye S. N-Heterocyclic carbene/photo-cocatalyzed oxidative Smiles rearrangement: synthesis of aryl salicylates from O-aryl salicylaldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1525-1528. [PMID: 31922178 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09272b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The N-heterocyclic carbene/photo-cocatalyzed oxidative Smiles rearrangement of O-aryl salicylaldehydes was developed. Both electron-deficient and electron-rich aryls worked well as migrating groups, giving the corresponding aryl salicylates in good yields. This reaction features formation of two new C-O bonds and one C-O bond cleavage via metal-free oxidation of the Breslow intermediate using oxygen as the terminal oxidant and following the Smiles rearrangement under photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Whalley DM, Duong HA, Greaney MF. A visible light-mediated, decarboxylative, desulfonylative Smiles rearrangement for general arylethylamine syntheses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11493-11496. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05049k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A decarboxylative, desulfonylative Smiles rearrangement is reported for the synthesis of a wide range of biologically relevant arylethylamines, including fluorinated phenylethylamines, heterocyclic amphetamines and an unnatural amino acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Whalley
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES) Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
| | - Hung A. Duong
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES) Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rohrbach S, Smith AJ, Pang JH, Poole DL, Tuttle T, Chiba S, Murphy JA. Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16368-16388. [PMID: 30990931 PMCID: PMC6899550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in experimental and computational chemistry have identified a rapidly growing class of nucleophilic aromatic substitutions that proceed by concerted (cSN Ar) rather than classical, two-step, SN Ar mechanisms. Whereas traditional SN Ar reactions require substantial activation of the aromatic ring by electron-withdrawing substituents, such activating groups are not mandatory in the concerted pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohrbach
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Jia Hao Pang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageSG1 2NYUK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Barlow HL, Rabet PTG, Durie A, Evans T, Greaney MF. Arylation Using Sulfonamides: Phenylacetamide Synthesis through Tandem Acylation–Smiles Rearrangement. Org Lett 2019; 21:9033-9035. [PMID: 31674791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Barlow
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline T. G. Rabet
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Durie
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Evans
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F. Greaney
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lardy SW, Luong KC, Schmidt VA. Formal Aniline Synthesis from Phenols through Deoxygenative N‐Centered Radical Substitution. Chemistry 2019; 25:15267-15271. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Lardy
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Kristine C. Luong
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Valerie A. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rohrbach S, Smith AJ, Pang JH, Poole DL, Tuttle T, Chiba S, Murphy JA. Konzertierte nukleophile aromatische Substitutionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohrbach
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Jia Hao Pang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapur
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapur
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shigeno M, Nakaji K, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Catalytic Amide–Base System of TMAF and N(TMS)3 for Deprotonative Coupling of Benzylic C(sp3)–H Bonds with Carbonyls. Org Lett 2019; 21:2588-2592. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kunihito Nakaji
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chang X, Zhang Q, Guo C. Electrochemical Reductive Smiles Rearrangement for C–N Bond Formation. Org Lett 2018; 21:10-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Chang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Silyldefluorination of Fluoroarenes by Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
39
|
Mallick S, Xu P, Würthwein EU, Studer A. Silyldefluorination of Fluoroarenes by Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:283-287. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhadip Mallick
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC); Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Pan Xu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC); Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC); Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC); Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Leonard DJ, Ward JW, Clayden J. Asymmetric α-arylation of amino acids. Nature 2018; 562:105-109. [PMID: 30283103 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary amino acids, in which the α-carbon that bears the amino and carboxyl groups also carries two carbon substituents, have an important role as modifiers of peptide conformation and bioactivity and as precursors of medicinally important compounds1,2. In contrast to enantioselective alkylation at this α-carbon, for which there are several methods3-8, general enantioselective introduction of an aryl substituent at the α-carbon is synthetically challenging9. Nonetheless, the resultant α-aryl amino acids and their derivatives are valuable precursors to bioactive molecules10,11. Here we describe the synthesis of quaternary α-aryl amino acids from enantiopure amino acid precursors by α-arylation without loss of stereochemical integrity. Our approach relies on the temporary formation of a second stereogenic centre in an N'-arylurea adduct12 of an imidazolidinone derivative6 of the precursor amino acid, and uses readily available enantiopure amino acids both as a precursor and as a source of asymmetry. It avoids the use of valuable transition metals, and enables arylation with electron-rich, electron-poor and heterocyclic substituents. Either enantiomer of the product can be formed from a single amino acid precursor. The method is practical and scalable, and provides the opportunity to produce α-arylated quaternary amino acids in multi-gram quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Ward
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mas-Roselló J, Okoh M, Clayden J. Enantioselectively functionalised phenytoin derivatives by auxiliary-directed N to C aryl migration in lithiated α-amino nitriles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10985-10988. [PMID: 30211399 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06833j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithiation of N'-arylureas derived from amino nitriles incorporating a (1R,2R)-2-aminocyclohexanol chiral auxiliary leads to diastereoselective migration of the aryl ring to the position α to the nitrile. The resulting N'-lithiated ureas undergo spontaneous cyclisation to iminohydantoins, which may be hydrolysed to give chiral 5,5-diarylhydantoins related to phenytoin, in enantioenriched form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mas-Roselló
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Feberero C, Suárez-Pantiga S, Cabello Z, Sanz R. 1,5-O → N Carbamoyl Snieckus-Fries-Type Rearrangement. Org Lett 2018; 20:2437-2440. [PMID: 29617146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of o-lithiated O-aryl N,N-diethylcarbamates with (hetero)aromatic nitriles gives rise to functionalized salicylidene urea derivatives in high yields through a new 1,5-O → N carbamoyl migration. This Snieckus-Fries-type rearrangement nicely complements previously known O → C and O → O related shifts. In addition, when dimethylmalononitrile is used as the electrophilic partner, the carbamoyl shift is preferred over the expected transnitrilation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Feberero
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n , 09001 Burgos , Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n , 09001 Burgos , Spain
| | - Zaida Cabello
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n , 09001 Burgos , Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n , 09001 Burgos , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Roscales S, Csákÿ AG. Synthesis of Di(hetero)arylamines from Nitrosoarenes and Boronic Acids: A General, Mild, and Transition-Metal-Free Coupling. Org Lett 2018; 20:1667-1671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Roscales
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Moncloa, Paseo de Juan XXIII, 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurelio G. Csákÿ
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Moncloa, Paseo de Juan XXIII, 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Iwasaki Y, Morisawa R, Yokojima S, Hasegawa H, Roussel C, Vanthuyne N, Caytan E, Kitagawa O. N−C Axially Chiral Anilines: Electronic Effect on Barrier to Rotation and A Remote Proton Brake. Chemistry 2018; 24:4453-4458. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Shibaura Institute of Technology; 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku Tokyo 135-8548 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morisawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Shibaura Institute of Technology; 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku Tokyo 135-8548 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokojima
- School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Elsa Caytan
- Univ Rennes; CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226; 35000 Rennes France
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Shibaura Institute of Technology; 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku Tokyo 135-8548 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ni C, Zha D, Ye H, Hai Y, Zhou Y, Anslyn EV, You L. Dynamic Covalent Chemistry within Biphenyl Scaffolds: Reversible Covalent Bonding, Control of Selectivity, and Chirality Sensing with a Single System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Daijun Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ni C, Zha D, Ye H, Hai Y, Zhou Y, Anslyn EV, You L. Dynamic Covalent Chemistry within Biphenyl Scaffolds: Reversible Covalent Bonding, Control of Selectivity, and Chirality Sensing with a Single System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1300-1305. [PMID: 29239090 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Axial chirality is a prevalent and important phenomenon in chemistry. Herein we report a combination of dynamic covalent chemistry and axial chirality for the development of a versatile platform for the binding and chirality sensing of multiple classes of mononucleophiles. An equilibrium between an open aldehyde and its cyclic hemiaminal within biphenyl derivatives enabled the dynamic incorporation of a broad range of alcohols, thiols, primary amines, and secondary amines with high efficiency. Selectivity toward different classes of nucleophiles was also achieved by regulating the distinct reactivity of the system with external stimuli. Through induced helicity as a result of central-to-axial chirality transfer, the handedness and ee values of chiral monoalcohol and monoamine analytes were reported by circular dichroism. The strategies introduced herein should find application in many contexts, including assembly, sensing, and labeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daijun Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Neumann CN, Ritter T. Facile C-F Bond Formation through a Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Mediated by the PhenoFluor Reagent. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2822-2833. [PMID: 29120599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage fluorination reactions aim to reduce the synthetic limitations of conventional organofluorine chemistry with respect to substrate scope and functional group tolerance. C-F bond formation is commonly thermodynamically favorable but almost universally associated with high kinetic barriers. Apart from PhenoFluor chemistry, most modern aromatic fluorination methods reported to date rely on the use of transition metal catalysts, with C-F bonds often formed through reductive elimination. Reductive elimination chemistry to make C-X bonds becomes increasingly challenging when moving to higher atomic numbers in the periodic table from C-C to C-F, in part because of higher metal-X bond dissociation energies. The formation of C-C, C-N, and C-O bonds via reductive elimination has become routine in the 20th century, but it took until the 21st century to develop complexes that could afford general C-F bond formation. The availability of such complexes enabled the substrate scope of modern fluorination chemistry to exceed that of conventional fluorination. PhenoFluor chemistry departs from conventional reaction mechanisms for aromatic fluorination chemistry. Instead, we have revealed a concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (CSNAr) for PhenoFluor that proceeds through a single neutral four-membered transition state. Conceptually, PhenoFluor chemistry is therefore distinct from conventional SNAr chemistry, which typically proceeds through a two-barrier process with Meisenheimer complexes as reaction intermediates. As a consequence, PhenoFluor chemistry has a larger substrate scope than conventional SNAr chemistry and can be performed on arenes as electron-rich as anilines. Moreover, PhenoFluor chemistry is tolerant of protic functional groups, which sets it apart from modern metal-mediated processes. Primary and secondary amines, alcohols, thiols, and phenols are often not tolerated under metal-catalyzed late-stage fluorination reactions because C-N and C-O reductive elimination can have lower activation barriers than C-F reductive elimination. The mechanism by which PhenoFluor chemistry forms C-F bonds not only rationalizes the substrate scope and functional group tolerance but also informs the side-product profile. Fluorinated isomers are not observed because the four-membered transition state necessitates ipso substitution. In addition, no reduced product, e.g., H instead of F incorporation, as is often observed with metal-mediated methods, has ever been observed with PhenoFluor. PhenoFluor chemistry can be used to deoxyfluorinate both phenols and alcohols. PhenoFluor is an expensive reagent that must be used stoichiometrically and therefore cannot replace cost-efficient methods to make simple fluorinated molecules on a large scale. However, PhenoFluor is often successful when other fluorination methods fail. The synthesis of 18F-labeled molecules for positron emission tomography (PET) is one application of modern fluorination chemistry for which material throughput is not an issue because of the small quantities of PET tracers used in imaging (typically nanomoles). The high emphasis on functional group tolerance, side-product profiles, and reliability combined with less stringent cost requirements render PhenoFluor-based deoxyfluorination with 18F promising for human PET imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze N. Neumann
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Costil R, Lefebvre Q, Clayden J. Medium-Sized-Ring Analogues of Dibenzodiazepines by a Conformationally Induced Smiles Ring Expansion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14602-14606. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Costil
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Quentin Lefebvre
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Costil R, Lefebvre Q, Clayden J. Medium-Sized-Ring Analogues of Dibenzodiazepines by a Conformationally Induced Smiles Ring Expansion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Costil
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Quentin Lefebvre
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| |
Collapse
|