1
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Kawaguchi Y, Futaki S. Finding ways into the cytosol: Peptide-mediated approaches for delivering proteins into cells. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 81:102482. [PMID: 38905721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The delivery of functional proteins, including antibodies, into cells opens up many opportunities to regulate cellular events, with significant implications for studies in chemical biology and therapeutics. The inside of cells is isolated from the outside by the cell membrane. The hydrophilic nature of proteins prevents direct permeation of proteins through the cell membrane by passive diffusion. Therefore, delivery routes using endocytic uptake followed by endosomal escape have been explored. Alternatively, delivery concepts using transient permeabilization of cell membranes or effective promotion of endocytic uptake and endosomal escape using modified membrane-lytic peptides have been reported in recent years. Non-canonical protein delivery concepts, such as the use of liquid droplets or coacervates, have also been proposed. This review highlights some of the topics in peptide-mediated intracellular protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Kawaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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2
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Kawaguchi Y, Terada S, Futaki S. An approach for the intracellular delivery of IgG via enzymatic ligation with a cell-permeable attenuated cationic amphiphilic lytic peptide. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 111:117835. [PMID: 39053075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Achieving effective intracellular delivery of therapeutic molecules such as antibodies (IgG) is a challenge in biomedical research and pharmaceutical development. Conjugation of IgG with a cell-penetrating peptide is a rational approach. Here, not only the efficacy of the conjugates in internalizing into cells, but also the physicochemical property of the conjugates allowing their solubilized states in solution without forming aggregates are critical. In this study, we have shown that the first requirement can be addressed using a cell-permeable attenuated cationic amphiphilic lytic (CP-ACAL) peptide, L17ER4. The second requirement can be addressed by ligation of IgG to L17ER4 using sortase A, where the use of a linker of appropriate chain length is also important. For evaluation, the intracellular delivery efficacy was studied using conjugate structures with different orientations and conjugation modes of L17ER4 in ligation to a model protein, green fluorescent protein fused to a nuclear localization signal (NLS-EGFP). The effect of tetraarginine positioning in the L17ER4 sequence was also investigated. Following these studies, an optimized peptide sequence containing L17ER4 was ligated to an anti-green fluorescent protein (GFP) IgG bearing a sortase A recognition sequence. Treatment of the cells with the conjugate of anti-GFP IgG and L17ER4 resulted in a high efficiency of cytosolic translocation of the conjugate and the binding to the target protein in the cell without significant aggregate formation. The feasibility of the d-form of L17ER4 as a CP-ACAL was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Kawaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Sakahiro Terada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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3
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Gu J, Zhang W, Wang X, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Xie F, Xia R, Chen ZS, Wang H. Bridging cultures: Chinese elements in scientific illustrations. Chin Med 2024; 19:103. [PMID: 39049118 PMCID: PMC11267676 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of globalization, the integration of cultural elements into scientific research, particularly through the incorporation of traditional Chinese cultural motifs in scientific illustrations, represents a novel frontier in enhancing the universality and appeal of scientific discoveries. This paper explores the innovative practice of embedding traditional Chinese cultural elements into scientific paper illustrations, highlighting its significant role in augmenting the global appeal of research findings, promoting diversity and innovation in scientific inquiry, and facilitating cross-cultural understanding. Through a series of case studies, including symbolic representations of ancient myths and the use of traditional themes to elucidate complex scientific phenomena, we demonstrate how this cultural integration not only makes scientific content more accessible and engaging but also fosters a deeper appreciation of Chinese heritage among international audiences. This approach not only bridges the gap between science and culture but also contributes to a more inclusive and interconnected global scientific community, underscoring the importance of cultural diversity in enriching scientific exploration and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyou Gu
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine Engineering for Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianxing Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine Engineering for Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine Engineering for Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Chongqing School, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine Engineering for Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuming Xie
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine Engineering for Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Renpei Xia
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine Engineering for Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Chongqing School, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine Engineering for Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Chongqing, China.
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4
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Wang L, Wang D, Lei W, Sun T, Gu B, Dong H, Taniguchi Y, Liu Y, Ling Y. Trigonometric Bundling Disulfide Unit Starship Synergizes More Effectively to Promote Cellular Uptake. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7518. [PMID: 39062760 PMCID: PMC11277142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A small molecule disulfide unit technology platform based on dynamic thiol exchange chemistry at the cell membrane has the potential for drug delivery. However, the alteration of the CSSC dihedral angle of the disulfide unit caused by diverse substituents directly affects the effectiveness of this technology platform as well as its own chemical stability. The highly stable open-loop relaxed type disulfide unit plays a limited role in drug delivery due to its low dihedral angle. Here, we have built a novel disulfide unit starship based on the 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl skeleton through trigonometric bundling. The intracellular delivery results showed that the trigonometric bundling of the disulfide unit starship effectively promoted cellular uptake without any toxicity, which is far more than 100 times more active than that of equipment with a single disulfide unit in particular. Then, the significant reduction in cell uptake capacity (73-93%) using thiol erasers proves that the trigonometric bundling of the disulfide starship is an endocytosis-independent internalization mechanism via a dynamic covalent disulfide exchange mediated by thiols on the cell surface. Furthermore, analysis of the molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that trigonometric bundling of the disulfide starship can significantly change the membrane curvature while pushing lipid molecules in multiple directions, resulting in a significant distortion in the membrane structure and excellent membrane permeation performance. In conclusion, the starship system we built fully compensates for the inefficiency deficiencies induced by poor dihedral angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (D.W.); (W.L.); (T.S.); (B.G.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dezhi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (D.W.); (W.L.); (T.S.); (B.G.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenzhuo Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (D.W.); (W.L.); (T.S.); (B.G.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tiantian Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (D.W.); (W.L.); (T.S.); (B.G.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bei Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (D.W.); (W.L.); (T.S.); (B.G.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Han Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (D.W.); (W.L.); (T.S.); (B.G.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yosuke Taniguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Yichang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (D.W.); (W.L.); (T.S.); (B.G.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (D.W.); (W.L.); (T.S.); (B.G.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
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Tan E, Wan T, Pan Q, Duan J, Zhang S, Wang R, Gao P, Lv J, Wang H, Li D, Ping Y, Cheng Y. Dual-responsive nanocarriers for efficient cytosolic protein delivery and CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapy of inflammatory skin disorders. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl4336. [PMID: 38630829 PMCID: PMC11023524 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl4336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Developing protein drugs that can target intracellular sites remains a challenge due to their inadequate membrane permeability. Efficient carriers for cytosolic protein delivery are required for protein-based drugs, cancer vaccines, and CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapies. Here, we report a screening process to identify highly efficient materials for cytosolic protein delivery from a library of dual-functionalized polymers bearing both boronate and lipoic acid moieties. Both ligands were found to be crucial for protein binding, endosomal escape, and intracellular protein release. Polymers with higher grafting ratios exhibit remarkable efficacies in cytosolic protein delivery including enzymes, monoclonal antibodies, and Cas9 ribonucleoprotein while preserving their activity. Optimal polymer successfully delivered Cas9 ribonucleoprotein targeting NLRP3 to disrupt NLRP3 inflammasomes in vivo and ameliorate inflammation in a mouse model of psoriasis. Our study presents a promising option for the discovery of highly efficient materials tailored for cytosolic delivery of specific proteins and complexes such as Cas9 ribonucleoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Echuan Tan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianan Duan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Song Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruijue Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peng Gao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hui Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Kawaguchi Y, Kawamura Y, Hirose H, Kiyokawa M, Hirate M, Hirata T, Higuchi Y, Futaki S. E3MPH16: An efficient endosomolytic peptide for intracellular protein delivery. J Control Release 2024; 367:877-891. [PMID: 38301930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
To facilitate the introduction of proteins, such as antibodies, into cells, a variety of delivery peptides have been engineered. These peptides are typically highly cationic and somewhat hydrophobic, enabling cytosolic protein delivery at the cost of causing cell damage by rupturing membranes. This balance between delivery effectiveness and cytotoxicity presents obstacles for their real-world use. To tackle this problem, we designed a new endosome-disruptive cytosolic delivery peptide, E3MPH16, inspired by mastoparan X (MP). E3MPH16 was engineered to incorporate three Glu (E3) and 16 His (H16) residues at the N- and C-termini of MP, respectively. The negative charges of E3 substantially mitigate the cell-surface damage induced by MP. The H16 segment is known to enhance cell-surface adsorption and endocytic uptake of the associated molecules. With these modifications, E3MPH16 was successfully trapped within endosomes. The acidification of endosomes is expected to protonate the side chains of E3 and H16, enabling E3MPH16 to rupture endosomal membranes. As a result, nearly 100% of cells achieved cytosolic delivery of a model biomacromolecule, Alexa Fluor 488-labeled dextran (10 kDa), via endosomal escape by co-incubation with E3MPH16. The delivery process also suggested the involvement of macropinocytosis and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. With the assistance of E3MPH16, Cre recombinase and anti-Ras-IgG delivered into HEK293 cells and HT1080 cells enabled gene recombination and inhibited cell proliferation, respectively. The potential for in vivo application of this intracellular delivery method was further validated by topically injecting the green fluorescent protein fused with a nuclear localization signal (NLS-GFP) along with E3MPH16 into Colon-26 tumor xenografts in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Kawaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kawamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Megumi Kiyokawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Momo Hirate
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuriko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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Hu Z, Wu K, Lin J, Tan X, Jiang X, Xiao Y, Xiang L, Yang S, Zhang M, Xu W, Chen P. Synergistic antibacterial attributes of copper-doped polydopamine nanoparticles: an insight into photothermal enhanced antibacterial efficacy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:155102. [PMID: 38157559 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad19ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and associated infectious diseases pose a grave threat to human health. The antibacterial activity of metal nanoparticles has been extensively utilized in several biomedical applications, showing that they can effectively inhibit the growth of various bacteria. In this research, copper-doped polydopamine nanoparticles (Cu@PDA NPs) were synthesized through an economical process employing deionized water and ethanol as a solvent. By harnessing the high photothermal conversion efficiency of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) and the inherent antibacterial attributes of copper ions, we engineered nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial characteristics. Cu@PDA NPs exhibited a rougher surface and a higher zeta potential in comparison to PDA NPs, and both demonstrated remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency. Comprehensive antibacterial evaluations substantiated the superior efficacy of Cu@PDA NPs attributable to their copper content. These readily prepared nano-antibacterial materials exhibit substantial potential in infection prevention and treatment, owing to their synergistic combination of photothermal and spectral antibacterial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiong Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexian Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanxin Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Maolan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixing Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
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8
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Koch KC, Bizmark TM, Tew GN. Alcohol-containing protein transduction domain mimics. J Control Release 2024; 365:950-956. [PMID: 38065415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The application and design of protein transduction domains (PTDs) and protein transduction domain mimics (PTDMs) have revolutionized the field of biomacromolecule delivery. Our group has previously synthesized block copolymer PTDMs with well-defined hydrophobic and cationic blocks via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). We have optimized the balance of hydrophobicity and cationic density to intracellularly deliver model proteins, active proteins, and antibodies. Despite the presence of serine, threonine, and tyrosine in naturally occurring PTDs, synthetic analogs have yet to be studied in PTDMs. In our present work, we introduce different alcohol groups to our PTDM structures as a new design parameter. A library of nine novel PTDMs were synthesized to incorporate alcohol groups of varying structures and evaluated based on their ability to intracellularly deliver fluorescently labeled antibodies. One PTDM in this novel library, named PTDM4, incorporates alcohol groups in both the hydrophobic and cationic blocks and was found to be the best performing PTDM with almost twice the median fluorescence intensity of the delivered antibody and half the cationic density compared to our positive control, a PTDM thoroughly studied by our group. PTDM4 was further studied by intracellularly delivering the active enzyme, TAT-Cre Recombinase. The activity of TAT-Cre Recombinase delivered by PTDM4 was comparable to that of the positive control, again with half the cationic density. This study is one of the first to examine the effects of alcohol groups on intracellular antibody and active enzyme delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla C Koch
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Tamara M Bizmark
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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9
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Đorđević S, Medel M, Hillaert J, Masiá E, Conejos-Sánchez I, Vicent MJ. Critical Design Strategies Supporting Optimized Drug Release from Polymer-Drug Conjugates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303157. [PMID: 37752780 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The importance of an adequate linking moiety design that allows controlled drug(s) release at the desired site of action is extensively studied for polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs). Redox-responsive self-immolative linkers bearing disulfide moieties (SS-SIL) represent a powerful strategy for intracellular drug delivery; however, the influence of drug structural features and linker-associated spacers on release kinetics remains relatively unexplored. The influence of drug/spacer chemical structure and the chemical group available for conjugation on drug release and the biological effect of resultant PDCs is evaluated. A "design of experiments" tool is implemented to develop a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method to perform the comprehensive characterization required for this systematic study. The obtained fit-for-purpose analytical protocol enables the quantification of low drug concentrations in drug release studies and the elucidation of metabolite presence. and provides the first data that clarifies how drug structural features influence the drug release from SS-SIL and demonstrates the non-universal nature of the SS-SIL. The importance of rigorous linker characterization in understanding structure-function correlations between linkers, drug chemical functionalities, and in vitro release kinetics from a rationally-designed polymer-drug nanoconjugate, a critical strategic crafting methodology that should remain under consideration when using a reductive environment as an endogenous drug release trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Đorđević
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF) and CIBERONC, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - María Medel
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF) and CIBERONC, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Justine Hillaert
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF) and CIBERONC, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Esther Masiá
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF) and CIBERONC, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain
- Screening Platform, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF) and CIBERONC, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF) and CIBERONC, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain
- Screening Platform, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain
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10
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Du T, Shen B, Dai J, Zhang M, Chen X, Yu P, Liu Y. Controlled and Regioselective Ring-Opening Polymerization for Poly(disulfide)s by Anion-Binding Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27788-27799. [PMID: 37987648 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Poly(disulfide)s are an emerging class of sulfur-containing polymers with applications in medicine, energy, and functional materials. However, the constituent dynamic covalent S-S bond is highly reactive in the presence of the sulfide (RS-) anion, imposing a persistent challenge to control the polymerization. Here, we report an anion-binding approach to arrest the high reactivity of the RS- chain end to control the synthesis of linear poly(disulfide)s, realizing a rapid, living ring-opening polymerization of 1,2-dithiolanes with narrow dispersity and high regioselectivity (Mw/Mn ∼ 1.1, Ps ∼ 0.85). Mechanistic studies support the formation of a thiourea-base-sulfide ternary complex as the catalytically active species during the chain propagation. Theoretical analyses reveal a synergistic catalytic model where the catalyst preorganizes the protonated base and anionic chain end to establish spatial confinement over the bound monomer, effecting the observed regioselectivity. The catalytic system is amenable to monomers with various functional groups, and semicrystalline polymers are also obtained from lipoic acid derivatives by enhancing the regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boming Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jieyu Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xingjian Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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11
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Liu X, Zhao Z, Li W, Li Y, Yang Q, Liu N, Chen Y, Yin L. Engineering Nucleotidoproteins for Base-Pairing-Assisted Cytosolic Delivery and Genome Editing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307664. [PMID: 37718311 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics targeting intracellular machineries hold profound potential for disease treatment, and hence robust cytosolic protein delivery technologies are imperatively demanded. Inspired by the super-negatively charged, nucleotide-enriched structure of nucleic acids, adenylated pro-proteins (A-proteins) with dramatically enhanced negative surface charges have been engineered for the first time via facile green synthesis. Then, thymidine-modified polyethyleneimine is developed, which exhibits strong electrostatic attraction, complementary base pairing, and hydrophobic interaction with A-proteins to form salt-resistant nanocomplexes with robust cytosolic delivery efficiencies. The acidic endolysosomal environment enables traceless restoration of the A-proteins and consequently promotes the intracellular release of the native proteins. This strategy shows high efficiency and universality for a variety of proteins with different molecular weights and isoelectric points in mammalian cells. Moreover, it enables highly efficient delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins targeting fusion oncogene EWSR1-FLI1, leading to pronounced anti-tumor efficacy against Ewing sarcoma. This study provides a potent and versatile platform for cytosolic protein delivery and gene editing, and may benefit the development of protein pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajie Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningyu Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Bao Y, Chen H, Xu Z, Gao J, Jiang L, Xia J. Photo-Responsive Phase-Separating Fluorescent Molecules for Intracellular Protein Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307045. [PMID: 37648812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membranes, including the plasma and endosome membranes, are barriers to outside proteins. Various vehicles have been devised to deliver proteins across the plasma membrane, but in many cases, the payload gets trapped in the endosome. Here we designed a photo-responsive phase-separating fluorescent molecule (PPFM) with a molecular weight of 666.8 daltons. The PPFM compound condensates as fluorescent droplets in the aqueous solution by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which disintegrate upon photoirradiation with a 405 nm light-emitting diode (LED) lamp within 20 min or a 405 nm laser within 3 min. The PPFM coacervates recruit a wide range of peptides and proteins and deliver them into mammalian cells. Photolysis disperses the payload from condensates into the cytosolic space. Altogether, a type of small molecules that are photo-responsive and phase separating are discovered; their coacervates can serve as transmembrane vehicles for intracellular delivery of proteins, whereas photo illumination triggers the cytosolic distribution of the payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Graceffa V. Intracellular protein delivery: New insights into the therapeutic applications and emerging technologies. Biochimie 2023; 213:82-99. [PMID: 37209808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The inability to cross the plasma membranes traditionally limited the therapeutic use of recombinant proteins. However, in the last two decades, novel technologies made delivering proteins inside the cells possible. This allowed researchers to unlock intracellular targets, once considered 'undruggable', bringing a new research area to emerge. Protein transfection systems display a large potential in a plethora of applications. However, their modality of action is often unclear, and cytotoxic effects are elevated, whereas experimental conditions to increase transfection efficacy and cell viability still need to be identified. Furthermore, technical complexity often limits in vivo experimentation, while challenging industrial and clinical translation. This review highlights the applications of protein transfection technologies, and then critically discuss the current methodologies and their limitations. Physical membrane perforation systems are compared to systems exploiting cellular endocytosis. Research evidence of the existence of either extracellular vesicles (EVs) or cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs)- based systems, that circumvent the endosomal systems is critically analysed. Commercial systems, novel solid-phase reverse protein transfection systems, and engineered living intracellular bacteria-based mechanisms are finally described. This review ultimately aims at finding new methodologies and possible applications of protein transfection systems, while helping the development of an evidence-based research approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University (ATU), Sligo, Ireland.
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14
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Wan Y, Wang W, Lai Q, Wu M, Feng S. Advances in cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s for intracellular delivery of therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2023:103668. [PMID: 37321318 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Efficient intracellular delivery is essential for most therapeutic agents; however, existing delivery vectors face a dilemma between efficiency and toxicity, and always encounter the challenge of endolysosomal trapping. The cell-penetrating poly(disulfide) (CPD) is an effective tool for intracellular delivery, as it is taken up through thiol-mediated cellular uptake, thus avoiding endolysosomal entrapment and ensuring efficient cytosolic availability. Upon cellular uptake, CPD undergoes reductive depolymerization by glutathione inside cells and has minimal cytotoxicity. This review summarizes CPD's chemical synthesis approaches, cellular uptake mechanism, and recent advances in the intracellular delivery of proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, and other nanoparticles. Overall, CPD is a promising candidate carrier for efficient intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Wangxia Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qiuyue Lai
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Mingyu Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shun Feng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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15
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He X, Xiong S, Sun Y, Zhong M, Xiao N, Zhou Z, Wang T, Tang Y, Xie J. Recent Progress of Rational Modified Nanocarriers for Cytosolic Protein Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1610. [PMID: 37376059 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins garnered significant attention in the field of disease treatment. In comparison to small molecule drugs, protein therapies offer distinct advantages, including high potency, specificity, low toxicity, and reduced carcinogenicity, even at minimal concentrations. However, the full potential of protein therapy is limited by inherent challenges such as large molecular size, delicate tertiary structure, and poor membrane penetration, resulting in inefficient intracellular delivery into target cells. To address these challenges and enhance the clinical applications of protein therapies, various protein-loaded nanocarriers with tailored modifications were developed, including liposomes, exosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanomotors. Despite these advancements, many of these strategies encounter significant issues such as entrapment within endosomes, leading to low therapeutic efficiency. In this review, we extensively discussed diverse strategies for the rational design of nanocarriers, aiming to overcome these limitations. Additionally, we presented a forward-looking viewpoint on the innovative generation of delivery systems specifically tailored for protein-based therapies. Our intention was to offer theoretical and technical support for the development and enhancement of nanocarriers capable of facilitating cytosolic protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Su Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yansun Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Nianting Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yaqin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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16
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Qian L, Lin X, Gao X, Khan RU, Liao JY, Du S, Ge J, Zeng S, Yao SQ. The Dawn of a New Era: Targeting the "Undruggables" with Antibody-Based Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37186942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and genetic approaches have been devised to make antibodies accessible to more "undruggable" targets and equipped with new functions of illustrating or regulating biological processes more precisely. In this Review, in addition to introducing how naked antibodies and various antibody conjugates (such as antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, antibody-enzyme conjugates, etc.) work in therapeutic applications, special attention has been paid to how chemistry tools have helped to optimize the therapeutic outcome (i.e., with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects) or facilitate the multifunctionalization of antibodies, with a focus on emerging fields such as targeted protein degradation, real-time live-cell imaging, catalytic labeling or decaging with spatiotemporal control as well as the engagement of antibodies inside cells. With advances in modern chemistry and biotechnology, well-designed antibodies and their derivatives via size miniaturization or multifunctionalization together with efficient delivery systems have emerged, which have gradually improved our understanding of important biological processes and paved the way to pursue novel targets for potential treatments of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefen Lin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shubo Du
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544
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17
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Søgaard AB, Pedersen AB, Løvschall KB, Monge P, Jakobsen JH, Džabbarova L, Nielsen LF, Stevanovic S, Walther R, Zelikin AN. Transmembrane signaling by a synthetic receptor in artificial cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1646. [PMID: 36964156 PMCID: PMC10039019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction across biological membranes is among the most important evolutionary achievements. Herein, for the design of artificial cells, we engineer fully synthetic receptors with the capacity of transmembrane signaling, using tools of chemistry. Our receptors exhibit similarity with their natural counterparts in having an exofacial ligand for signal capture, being membrane anchored, and featuring a releasable messenger molecule that performs enzyme activation as a downstream signaling event. The main difference from natural receptors is the mechanism of signal transduction, which is achieved using a self-immolative linker. The receptor scaffold is modular and can readily be re-designed to respond to diverse activation signals including biological or chemical stimuli. We demonstrate an artificial signaling cascade that achieves transmembrane enzyme activation, a hallmark of natural signaling receptors. Results of this work are relevant for engineering responsive artificial cells and interfacing them and/or biological counterparts in co-cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Bretschneider Søgaard
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | - Pere Monge
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Raoul Walther
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alexander N Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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18
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Sun T, Jiang C. Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems triggered by intracellular or subcellular microenvironments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114773. [PMID: 36906230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) triggered by local microenvironment represents the state-of-art of nanomedicine design, where the triggering hallmarks at intracellular and subcellular levels could be employed to exquisitely recognize the diseased sites, reduce side effects, and expand the therapeutic window by precisely tailoring the drug-release kinetics. Though with impressive progress, the DDS design functioning at microcosmic levels is fully challenging and underexploited. Here, we provide an overview describing the recent advances on stimuli-responsive DDSs triggered by intracellular or subcellular microenvironments. Instead of focusing on the targeting strategies as listed in previous reviews, we herein mainly highlight the concept, design, preparation and applications of stimuli-responsive systems in intracellular models. Hopefully, this review could give useful hints in developing nanoplatforms proceeding at a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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19
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Hickey JC, Hurst PJ, Patterson JP, Guan Z. Facile Synthesis of Multifunctional Bioreducible Polymers for mRNA Delivery. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203393. [PMID: 36469740 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioreducible polymeric mRNA carriers are an emerging family of vectors for gene delivery and vaccine development. A few bioreducible systems have been generated through aqueous-phase ring-opening polymerization of lipoic acid derivatives, however this methodology limits hydrophobic group incorporation and functionality into resulting polymers. Herein, a poly(active ester)disulfide polymer is synthesized that can undergo facile aminolysis with amine-containing substrates under stoichiometric control and mild reaction conditions to yield a library of multifunctional polydisulfide polymers. Functionalized polydisulfide polymer species form stable mRNA-polymer nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of mRNAs in vitro. Alkyl-functionalized polydisulfide-RNA nanoparticles demonstrate rapid cellular uptake and excellent biodegradability when delivering EGFP and OVA mRNAs to cells in vitro. This streamlined polydisulfide synthesis provides a new facile methodology for accessing multifunctional bioreducible polymers as biomaterials for RNA delivery and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Paul J Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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20
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Ren L, Jiang L, Ren Q, Lv J, Zhu L, Cheng Y. A light-activated polymer with excellent serum tolerance for intracellular protein delivery. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2046-2053. [PMID: 36845943 PMCID: PMC9945510 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05848k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of efficient materials for intracellular protein delivery has attracted great interest in recent years; however, most current materials for this purpose are limited by poor serum stability due to the early release of cargoes triggered by abundant serum proteins. Here, we propose a light-activated crosslinking (LAC) strategy to prepare efficient polymers with excellent serum tolerance for intracellular protein delivery. A cationic dendrimer engineered with photoactivatable O-nitrobenzene moieties co-assembles with cargo proteins via ionic interactions, followed by light activation to yield aldehyde groups on the dendrimer and the formation of imine bonds with cargo proteins. The light-activated complexes show high stability in buffer and serum solutions, but dis-assemble under low pH conditions. As a result, the polymer successfully delivers cargo proteins green fluorescent protein and β-galactosidase into cells with maintained bioactivity even in the presence of 50% serum. The LAC strategy proposed in this study provides a new insight to improve the serum stability of polymers for intracellular protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Ren
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Qianyi Ren
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jia Lv
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Linyong Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
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21
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Discovery of endosomalytic cell-penetrating peptides based on bacterial membrane-targeting sequences. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106424. [PMID: 36868126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are prominent scaffolds for drug developments and related research, particularly the endocytic delivery of biomacromolecules. Effective cargo release from endosomes prior to lysosomal degradation is a crucial step, where the rational design and selection of CPPs remains a challenge and calls for deeper mechanistic understandings. Here, we have investigated a strategy of designing CPPs that selectively disrupt endosomal membranes based on bacterial membrane targeting sequences (MTSs). Six synthesized MTS peptides all exhibit cell-penetrating abilities, among which two d-peptides (d-EcMTS and d-TpMTS) are able to escape from endosomes and localize at ER after entering the cell. The utility of this strategy has been demonstrated by the intracellular delivery of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Together, these results suggest that the large pool of bacterial MTSs may be a rich source for the development of novel CPPs.
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22
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Khan RU, Shao J, Liao JY, Qian L. pH-triggered cancer-targeting polymers: From extracellular accumulation to intracellular release. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:5155-5168. [PMID: 36618069 PMCID: PMC9807988 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers are promising to achieve targeted delivery, improved stability during circulation, and controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Among them, pH-responsive polymeric nanocarriers have attracted significant attention as pH varies in different body fluids (e.g., stomach, intestine, and colon) and intracellular organelles (e.g., endosome, lysosome, and mitochondria) to maintain homeostasis, while distinctive pH changes are also found in certain pathological states. For example, the extracellular environment of the tumor is acidic, which can be employed to drive selective delivery. During the internalization process, since most nanocarriers enter cells upon endocytosis where a drop of pH from 6.5 to 5.0 can occur from endosome to lysosome, pH-sensitive groups have been developed for enhanced cargo release. In this review, both non-covalent and covalent interactions responsive to pH changes are introduced, with a focus on the structure-property relationship and their applications in cancer targeting and endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jinning Shao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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23
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Shi J, Wang H, Wang Y, Peng Y, Huang X, Zhang Y, Geng H, Wang Y, Li X, Liu C, Liu C. Mitochondrion-targeting and in situ photocontrolled protein delivery via photocages. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112624. [PMID: 36521315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial proteostasis contribute to many disorders, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic and genetic diseases. A strategy aimed at restoring the damaged mitochondrial proteostasis is the mitochondrion-targeting and carrier-free delivery of exogenous functional proteins that can replace the endogenous dysfunctional proteins. The modification of a protein with a photolabile protecting group (PPG, i.e., photocage group) can be activated in situ by response to illumination, leading to release of the protein from its photocage. Here, the Cys and peptide photocages with coumarin were first prepared and characterized for proof of concept. Then, we designed a pair of photocage groups PPG-RhB and PPG-TPP using coumarin and mitochondrion-targeting Rhodamine B (RhB) and triphenylphosphine (TPP), and another pair of organelle-nontarget photocage groups Br-PPG and NO2-PPG for comparison. The proteins modified with these two pairs of photocage groups undergo photolysis in solutions, and can penetrate cell membrane toward their destinations in the carrier-free fashions. The intracellular protein photocages are in situ activated by illumination at 405 nm, and the proteins are released from their photocages in mitochondria and cytoplasm, respectively. This strategy of light-responsive and carrier-free cellular delivery enables mitochondrial and cytoplasmic accumulation of exogenous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yujie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hongen Geng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China; College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Chunrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China.
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24
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Jiang W, Wu Y, Zhou M, Song G, Liu R. Advance and Designing Strategies in Polymeric Antifungal Agents Inspired by Membrane‐Active Peptides. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202226. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Yueming Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Gonghua Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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25
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Reactive oxygen species-responsive branched poly (β-amino ester) with robust efficiency for cytosolic protein delivery. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:355-366. [PMID: 36084925 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein therapy targeting the intracellular machinery holds great potentials for disease treatment, and therefore, effective cytosolic protein delivery technologies are highly demanded. Herein, we developed reactive oxygen species (ROS)-degradable, branched poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) with built-in phenylboronic acid (PBA) in the backbone and terminal-pendent arginine for the efficient cytosolic protein delivery. The PBAE could form stable and cell-ingestible nanocomplexes (NCs) with proteins via electrostatic interaction, nitrogen-boronate (N-B) coordination, and hydrogen bonding, while it can be degraded into small segments by the over-produced H2O2 in tumor cells to enable cytoplasmic protein release. As thus, PBAE exhibited high efficiency in delivering varieties of proteins with distinct molecular weights (12.4-430 kDa) and isoelectric points (4.7-10.5) into tumor cells, including enzymes, toxins, and antibodies. Moreover, PBAE mediated efficient delivery of saporin into tumor cells in vivo, provoking pronounced anti-tumor outcomes. This study provides a robust and versatile platform for cytosolic protein delivery, and the elaborately tailored PBAE may find promising applications for protein-based biological research and disease management. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cytosolic delivery of native proteins holds great therapeutic potentials, which however, is limited by the lack of robust delivery carriers that can simultaneously feature strong protein encapsulation yet effective intracellular protein release. Herein, ROS-degradable, branched poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) with backbone-embedded phenylboronic acid (PBA) and terminal-pendent arginine was developed to synchronize these two processes. PBA and arginine moieties allowed PBAE to encapsulate proteins via N-B coordination, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and salt bridging, while PBA could be oxidized by over-produced H2O2 inside cancer cells to trigger PBAE degradation and intracellular protein release. As thus, the top-performing PBAE mediated efficient cytosolic delivery of various proteins including enzymes, toxins, and antibodies. This study provides a powerful platform for cytosolic protein delivery, and may find promising utilities toward intracellular protein therapy against cancer and other diseases such as inflammation.
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26
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Zhao Z, Liu X, Hou M, Zhou R, Wu F, Yan J, Li W, Zheng Y, Zhong Q, Chen Y, Yin L. Endocytosis-Independent and Cancer-Selective Cytosolic Protein Delivery via Reversible Tagging with LAT1 substrate. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110560. [PMID: 35789055 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein drugs targeting intracellular machineries have shown profound therapeutic potentials, but their clinical utilities are greatly hampered by the lack of efficient cytosolic delivery techniques. Existing strategies mainly rely on nanocarriers or conjugated cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which often have drawbacks such as materials complexity/toxicity, lack of cell specificity, and endolysosomal entrapment. Herein, a unique carrier-free approach is reported for mediating cancer-selective and endocytosis-free cytosolic protein delivery. Proteins are sequentially modified with 4-nitrophenyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) benzyl carbonate as the H2 O2 -responsive domain and 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine as the substrate of l-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). Thus, the pro-protein can be directly transported into tumor cells by overexpressed LAT1 on cell membranes, bypassing endocytosis and endolysosomal entrapment. In the cytosol, overproduced H2 O2 restores the protein structure and activity. Using this technique, versatile proteins are delivered into tumor cells with robust efficiency, including toxins, enzymes, CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein, and antibodies. Furthermore, intravenously injected pro-protein of saporin shows potent anticancer efficacy in 4T1-tumor-bearing mice, without provoking systemic toxicity. Such a facile and versatile pro-protein platform may benefit the development of protein pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thoracic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Mengying Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renxiang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thoracic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Qinmeng Zhong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thoracic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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27
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Higashi SL, Shintani Y, Ikeda M. Installing Reduction Responsiveness into Biomolecules by Introducing Nitroaryl Groups. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201103. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri L. Higashi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Present address: Institut für Physiologische Chemie und Pathobiochemie Universität Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Yuki Shintani
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Masato Ikeda
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE) Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems Institutes of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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28
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Montasell MC, Monge P, Carmali S, Dias Loiola LM, Andersen DG, Løvschall KB, Søgaard AB, Kristensen MM, Pütz JM, Zelikin AN. Chemical zymogens for the protein cysteinome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4861. [PMID: 35982075 PMCID: PMC9388531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present three classes of chemical zymogens established around the protein cysteinome. In each case, the cysteine thiol group was converted into a mixed disulfide: with a small molecule, a non-degradable polymer, or with a fast-depolymerizing fuse polymer (ZLA). The latter was a polydisulfide based on naturally occurring molecule, lipoic acid. Zymogen designs were applied to cysteine proteases and a kinase. In each case, enzymatic activity was successfully masked in full and reactivated by small molecule reducing agents. However, only ZLA could be reactivated by protein activators, demonstrating that the macromolecular fuse escapes the steric bulk created by the protein globule, collects activation signal in solution, and relays it to the active site of the enzyme. This afforded first-in-class chemical zymogens that are activated via protein-protein interactions. We also document zymogen exchange reactions whereby the polydisulfide is transferred between the interacting proteins via the "chain transfer" bioconjugation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pere Monge
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sheiliza Carmali
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Dante Guldbrandsen Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ane Bretschneider Søgaard
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Alexander N Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark. .,iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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29
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Lu J, Xu Z, Fu H, Lin Y, Wang H, Lu H. Room-Temperature Grafting from Synthesis of Protein-Polydisulfide Conjugates via Aggregation-Induced Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15709-15717. [PMID: 35976716 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reversible modification of proteins with lipoic acid (LPA)-derived polydisulfides (PDS) is an important approach toward the transient regulation and on-demand recovery of protein functions. The in situ growth of PDS from the cysteine (Cys) residue of a protein, however, has been challenging due to the near-equilibrium thermodynamics of the ring-opening polymerization of LPA. Here, we report the protein-mediated, aggregation-induced polymerization (AIP) of amphiphilic LPA-derived monomers at room temperature, which can be performed at a concentration as low as ∼2% of the equilibrium monomer concentration normally needed. The aggregation of monomers increases the effective monomer concentration in aqueous solutions to the degree that the polymerizations behave similarly to those in bulk. The PDS conjugation enhances the thermostability, protease resistance, and tolerance to freeze-thaw treatments of the target proteins. Moreover, the PDS conjugation allows rapid and convenient purification of Cys-bearing proteins by taking advantage of the liquid-liquid phase separation of the protein-PDS conjugates and the full recovery of native proteins under mild reducing conditions. This AIP effect may shed light on facilitating other polymerizations with a similar near-equilibrium character. The PDS conjugation can open up new avenues to protein delivery, dynamic and reversible protein engineering, enzyme preservation, and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Fu
- Institute of Materials Science & Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of Materials Science & Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Huan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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30
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Zhu Y, Lin M, Hu W, Wang J, Zhang ZG, Zhang K, Yu B, Xu FJ. Controllable Disulfide Exchange Polymerization of Polyguanidine for Effective Biomedical Applications by Thiol-Mediated Uptake. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200535. [PMID: 35304808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
New preparation methods of vectors are the key to developing the next generation of biomacromolecule delivery systems. In this study, a controllable disulfide exchange polymerization was established to obtain low-toxicity and efficient bioreducible polyguanidines (mPEG225 -b-PSSn , n=13, 26, 39, 75, 105) by regulating the concentration of activated nucleophiles and reaction time under mild reaction conditions. The relationship between the degrees of polymerization and biocompatibility was studied to identify the optimal polyguanidine mPEG225 -b-PSS26 . Such polyguanidine exhibited good in vitro performance in delivering different functional nucleic acids. The impressive therapeutic effects of mPEG225 -b-PSS26 were further verified in the 4T1 tumor-bearing mice as well as the mice with full-thickness skin defects. Controllable disulfide exchange polymerization provides an attractive strategy for the construction of new biomacromolecule delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mengyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junkai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bingran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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31
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Chen N, He Y, Zang M, Zhang Y, Lu H, Zhao Q, Wang S, Gao Y. Approaches and materials for endocytosis-independent intracellular delivery of proteins. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Xu FJ, Zhu Y, Lin M, Hu W, Wang J, Zhang ZG, Zhang K, Yu B. Controllable Disulfide Exchange Polymerization of Polyguanidine for Effective Biomedical Applications by Thiol‐Mediated Uptake. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jian Xu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials and Engineering Beijing 100029 100029 Beijing CHINA
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Mengyu Lin
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Wenting Hu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Junkai Wang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Bingran Yu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
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33
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Liu X, Zhao Z, Wu F, Chen Y, Yin L. Tailoring Hyperbranched Poly(β-amino ester) as a Robust and Universal Platform for Cytosolic Protein Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108116. [PMID: 34894367 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic protein delivery is a prerequisite for protein-based biotechnologies and therapeutics on intracellular targets. Polymers that can complex with proteins to form nano-assemblies represent one of the most important categories of materials, because of the ease of nano-fabrication, high protein loading efficiency, no need for purification, and maintenance of protein bioactivity. Stable protein encapsulation and efficient intracellular liberation are two critical yet opposite processes toward cytosolic delivery, and polymers that can resolve these two conflicting challenges are still lacking. Herein, hyperbranched poly(β-amino ester) (HPAE) with backbone-embedded phenylboronic acid (PBA) is developed to synchronize these two processes, wherein PBA enhanced protein encapsulation via nitrogen-boronate (N-B) coordination while triggered polymer degradation and protein release upon oxidation by H2 O2 in cancer cells. Upon optimization of the branching degree, charge density, and PBA distribution, the best-performing A2-B3-C2-S2 -P2 is identified, which mediates robust delivery of various native proteins/peptides with distinct molecular weights (1.6-430 kDa) and isoelectric points (4.1-10.3) into cancer cells, including enzymes, toxins, antibodies, and CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). Moreover, A2-B3-C2-S2 -P2 mediates effective cytosolic delivery of saporin both in vitro and in vivo to provoke remarkable anti-tumor efficacy. Such a potent and universal platform holds transformative potentials for protein pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ziyin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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34
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Kong Y, Zeng K, Zhang Y, Shao J, Yan J, Liao JY, Wang W, Dai X, Weng Q, Yao SQ, Zeng S, Qian L. In vivo targeted delivery of antibodies into cancer cells with pH-responsive cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1314-1317. [PMID: 35005760 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06840g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s (CPDs) are promising vehicles for cytosolic delivery of proteins. However, currently available arginine-rich CPD has rarely been reported for systemic delivery due to its "always" positive charge. Herein, we developed pH-responsive CPDIMD that executes tumor targeting delivery via protonation of imidazole groups within the acidic tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Kong
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Kui Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jinning Shao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Dai
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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35
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Nature-inspired dynamic gene-loaded nanoassemblies for the treatment of brain diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114029. [PMID: 34752841 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has great potential to treat brain diseases. However, genetic drugs need to overcome a cascade of barriers for their full potential. The conventional delivery systems often struggle to meet expectations. Natural biological particles that are highly optimized for specific functions in body, can inspire optimization of dynamic gene-loaded nanoassemblies (DGN). The DGN refer to gene loaded nanoassemblies whose functions and structures are changeable in response to the biological microenvironments or can dynamically interact with tissues or cells. The nature-inspired DGN can meet the needs in brain diseases treatment, including i) Non-elimination in blood (N), ii) Across the blood-brain barrier (A), iii) Targeting cells (T), iv) Efficient uptake (U), v) Controllable release (R), vi) Eyeable (E)-abbreviated as the "NATURE". In this Review, from nature to "NATURE", we mainly summarize the specific application of nature-inspired DGN in the "NATURE" cascade process. Furthermore, the Review provides an outlook for this field.
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36
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Horn JM, Obermeyer AC. Genetic and Covalent Protein Modification Strategies to Facilitate Intracellular Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4883-4904. [PMID: 34855385 PMCID: PMC9310055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics represent a rapidly growing segment of approved disease treatments. Successful intracellular delivery of proteins is an important precondition for expanded in vivo and in vitro applications of protein therapeutics. Direct modification of proteins and peptides for improved cytosolic translocation are a promising method of increasing delivery efficiency and expanding the viability of intracellular protein therapeutics. In this Review, we present recent advances in both synthetic and genetic protein modifications for intracellular delivery. Active endocytosis-based and passive internalization pathways are discussed, followed by a review of modification methods for improved cytosolic delivery. After establishing how proteins can be modified, general strategies for facilitating intracellular delivery, such as chemical supercharging or inclusion of cell-penetrating motifs, are covered. We then outline protein modifications that promote endosomal escape. We finally examine the delivery of two potential classes of therapeutic proteins, antibodies and associated antibody fragments, and gene editing proteins, such as cas9.
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37
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Zhang R, Nie T, Fang Y, Huang H, Wu J. Poly(disulfide)s: From Synthesis to Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:1-19. [PMID: 34874705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioresponsive polymers have been widely used in drug delivery because of their degradability. For example, poly(disulfide)s with repeating disulfide bonds in the main chain have attracted considerable research attention. The characteristics of the disulfide bonds, including their dynamic and reversible properties and their responsiveness to stimuli such as reductants, light, heat, and mechanical force, make them ideal platforms for on-demand drug delivery. This review introduces the synthesis methods and applications of poly(disulfide)s. Furthermore, the synthesis methods of poly(disulfide)s are classified on the basis of the monomers used: oxidative step-growth polymerization with dithiols, ring-opening polymerization with cyclic disulfides, and polymerization with linear disulfides. In addition, recent advances in poly(disulfide)s for the delivery of small-molecule or biomacromolecular drugs are discussed. Quantum-dot-loaded poly(disulfide) delivery systems for imaging are also included. This review provides an overview of the various design strategies employed in the construction of poly(disulfide) platforms to inspire new applications in the field of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Tianqi Nie
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yifen Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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38
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Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanosystems for Controlled Drug Delivery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible nanosystems based on polymeric materials are promising drug delivery nanocarrier candidates for antitumor therapy. However, the efficacy is unsatisfying due to nonspecific accumulation and drug release of the nanoparticles in normal tissue. Recently, the nanosystems that can be triggered by tumor-specific stimuli have drawn great interest for drug delivery applications due to their controllable drug release properties. In this review, various polymers and external stimuli that can be employed to develop stimuli-responsive polymeric nanosystems are discussed, and finally, we delineate the challenges in designing this kind of Nanomedicine to improve the therapeutic efficacy.
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Hiraoka H, Shu Z, Tri Le B, Masuda K, Nakamoto K, Fangjie L, Abe N, Hashiya F, Kimura Y, Shimizu Y, Veedu RN, Abe H. Antisense Oligonucleotide Modified with Disulfide Units Induces Efficient Exon Skipping in mdx Myotubes through Enhanced Membrane Permeability and Nucleus Internalization. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3437-3442. [PMID: 34636471 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have found that antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA molecules modified with repeat structures of disulfide units can be directly introduced into the cytoplasm and exhibit a suppressive effect on gene expression. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of cellular uptake of these membrane-permeable oligonucleotides (MPONs). Time-course analysis by confocal microscopy showed that the uptake of MPONs from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm reached 50 % of the total uptake in about 5 min. In addition, analysis of the plasma membrane proteins to which MPONs bind, identified several proteins, including voltage-dependent anion channel. Next, we analyzed the behavior of MPONs in the cell and found them to be abundant in the nucleus as early as 24 h after addition with the amount increasing further after 48 and 72 h. The amount of MPONs was 2.5-fold higher than that of unmodified oligonucleotides in the nucleus after 72 h. We also designed antisense oligonucleotides and evaluated the effect of MPONs on mRNA exon skipping using DMD model cells; MPONs caused exon skipping with 69 % efficiency after 72 h, which was three times higher than the rate of the control. In summary, the high capacity for intracytoplasmic and nuclear translocation of MPONs is expected to be useful for therapeutic strategies targeting exon skipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Hiraoka
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Zhaoma Shu
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Bao Tri Le
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Keiko Masuda
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakamoto
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Lyu Fangjie
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Naoko Abe
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.,Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Hashiya
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kimura
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimizu
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.,Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.,CREST (Japan) Science and Technology Agency, 7, Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
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40
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Lu F, Zhang H, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. Delivery nanoplatforms based on dynamic covalent chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7067-7082. [PMID: 34195709 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a paramount factor to restrict the potential action of drugs and biologics, nanoplatforms based on dynamic covalent chemistry have been demonstrated as promising candidates to fulfill the full requirements during the whole delivery process by the virtue of their remarkable features such as adaptiveness, stimuli-responsiveness, specificity, reversibility and feasibility. This contribution summarizes the latest progress in dynamic covalent bond-based nanoplatforms with improved delivery efficiency and therapeutic performance. In addition, major challenges and perspectives in this field are also discussed. We expect that this feature article will provide a valuable and systematic reference for the further development of dynamic covalent bond-based nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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41
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Xiao Q, Du W, Dong X, Du S, Ong SY, Tang G, Zhang C, Yang F, Li L, Gao L, Yao SQ. Cell-Penetrating Mitochondrion-Targeting Ligands for the Universal Delivery of Small Molecules, Proteins and Nanomaterials. Chemistry 2021; 27:12207-12214. [PMID: 34115398 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles that perform vital cellular functions such as those related to cell survival and death. The targeted delivery of different types of cargos to mitochondria is a well-established strategy to study mitochondrial biology and diseases. Of the various existing mitochondrion-transporting vehicles, most suffer from poor cytosolic entry, low delivery efficiency, limited cargo types, and cumbersome preparation protocols, and none was known to be universally applicable for mitochondrial delivery of different types of cargos (small molecules, proteins, and nanomaterials). Herein, two new cell-penetrating, mitochondrion-targeting ligands (named MitoLigand ) that are capable of effectively "tagging" small-molecule drugs, native proteins and nanomaterials are disclosed, as well as their corresponding chemoselective conjugation chemistry. Upon successful cellular delivery and rapid endosome escape, the released native cargos were found to be predominantly localized inside mitochondria. Finally, by successfully delivering doxorubicin, a well-known anticancer drug, to the mitochondria of HeLa cells, we showed that the released drug possessed potent cell cytotoxicity, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and finally led to apoptosis. Our strategy thus paves the way for future mitochondrion-targeted therapy with a variety of biologically active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicai Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shubo Du
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Sing Yee Ong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Guanghui Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Changyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Liqian Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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42
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Laurent Q, Martinent R, Lim B, Pham AT, Kato T, López-Andarias J, Sakai N, Matile S. Thiol-Mediated Uptake. JACS AU 2021; 1:710-728. [PMID: 34467328 PMCID: PMC8395643 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective focuses on thiol-mediated uptake, that is, the entry of substrates into cells enabled by oligochalcogenides or mimics, often disulfides, and inhibited by thiol-reactive agents. A short chronology from the initial observations in 1990 until today is followed by a summary of cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s (CPDs) and cyclic oligochalcogenides (COCs) as privileged scaffolds in thiol-mediated uptake and inhibitors of thiol-mediated uptake as potential antivirals. In the spirit of a Perspective, the main part brings together topics that possibly could help to explain how thiol-mediated uptake really works. Extreme sulfur chemistry mostly related to COCs and their mimics, cyclic disulfides, thiosulfinates/-onates, diselenolanes, benzopolysulfanes, but also arsenics and Michael acceptors, is viewed in the context of acidity, ring tension, exchange cascades, adaptive networks, exchange affinity columns, molecular walkers, ring-opening polymerizations, and templated polymerizations. Micellar pores (or lipid ion channels) are considered, from cell-penetrating peptides and natural antibiotics to voltage sensors, and a concise gallery of membrane proteins, as possible targets of thiol-mediated uptake, is provided, including CLIC1, a thiol-reactive chloride channel; TMEM16F, a Ca-activated scramblase; EGFR, the epithelial growth factor receptor; and protein-disulfide isomerase, known from HIV entry or the transferrin receptor, a top hit in proteomics and recently identified in the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Laurent
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rémi Martinent
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bumhee Lim
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anh-Tuan Pham
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Takehiro Kato
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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43
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Lei J, Zhang Q, Jin X, Lu H, Wang S, Li T, Sheng Y, Zhang F, Zheng Y. Drug Release from Disulfide-Linked Prodrugs: Role of Thiol Agents. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2777-2785. [PMID: 34121410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The disulfide bond (SS) has been widely used in prodrugs for the redox-responsive drug release, but its drug release mechanism and rate were seldom compared in different thiol agents. Herein, self-assembling nanoaggregates (NAs) formed by camptothecin (CPT)-oleic acid (OA) prodrugs linked by two frequently used SS linkers (ETCSS and ACSS) were used for such comparative investigation. It is found that the cleavage of ETCSS was directly coupled with CPT release, whereas the breakage of ACSS resulted in the generation of CPT intermediates, the chemical stability of which determined CPT release. In both cases, the redox-responsive drug release was highly dependent on the reactivity between SS and thiol agents, with an order of dithiothreitol > cysteine ≈ glutathione. Moreover, the presence of SS significantly accelerated the extracellular CPT release, which was around 3-4 fold higher than intracellular CPT release. Therefore, the in vitro cytotoxicity of SS-linked CPT-OA NAs could not be ascribed to the glutathione-trigged intracellular drug release but rather to the SS-accelerated extracellular CPT release. The above results would effectively guide the rational design and evaluation of SS-linked prodrug NAs for efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Specific Structure of Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Specific Structure of Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Xuan Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Specific Structure of Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Huiru Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Specific Structure of Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Specific Structure of Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Tingting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Specific Structure of Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yanmei Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Specific Structure of Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Fangyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Specific Structure of Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yaxin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Specific Structure of Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
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44
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Liew SS, Zhang C, Zhang J, Sun H, Li L, Yao SQ. Intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins through N-terminal site-specific modification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:11473-11476. [PMID: 32856656 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04728g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A versatile strategy for the intracellular delivery of functional proteins/antibodies was developed using N-terminal site-specific modification. Adopting orthogonal dual-labeling strategies, a cell-permeable RNase A prodrug was designed complementing N-terminal site-specific modification with lysine labeling. Upon successful cytosolic uptake, the prodrug showed reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Si Liew
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
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45
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Zhang R, Song Z, Wang X, Xue J, Xing D. One-step modification to identify dual-inhibitors targeting both pancreatic triglyceride lipase and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113358. [PMID: 33725656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL) and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) have been identified as attractive therapeutic targets for obesity and hypercholesteremia, respectively. Obesity and hypercholesteremia usually co-exist, however no dual-inhibitors against PTL and NPC1L1 were reported for the treatment of obesity patients with hypercholesteremia so far. In this work, molecular hybridization-based one-step modification screening identified a potent dual-inhibitor against PTL and NPC1L1. Compound P1-11 has IC50 values of 2.1 μM against PTL through covalent binding, as well as significantly reduces cholesterol absorption in a non-competitive inhibitory manner. Molecule docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed the reason of its activity to both PTL and NPC1L1. Moreover, the gene and protein expression levels of PTL and NPC1L1 were also determined respectively after the treatment of P1-11. Development of dual-inhibitors against PTL and NPC1L1 could provide novel treatment options for obesity patients with hypercholesteremia. The results of current research would great support the development of dual-inhibitors against PTL and NPC1L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Zhengming Song
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Jiao Xue
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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46
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Chen F, Lu Q, Huang L, Liu B, Liu M, Zhang Y, Liu J. DNA Triplex and Quadruplex Assembled Nanosensors for Correlating K
+
and pH in Lysosomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5453-5458. [PMID: 33244829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Qiujun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Linna Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Biwu Liu
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Meiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
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47
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DNA Triplex and Quadruplex Assembled Nanosensors for Correlating K
+
and pH in Lysosomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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48
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Du S, Liew SS, Zhang CW, Du W, Lang W, Yao CCY, Li L, Ge J, Yao SQ. Cell-Permeant Bioadaptors for Cytosolic Delivery of Native Antibodies: A "Mix-and-Go" Approach. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2362-2376. [PMID: 33376798 PMCID: PMC7760483 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are powerful tools that may potentially find wide applications in live-cell bioimaging, disease diagnostics, and therapeutics. Their practical applications have however remained limited thus far, owing to their inability to cross the cell membrane. Existing approaches for cytosolic delivery of functional antibodies are available, but they are constantly plagued by the need for chemical/genetic modifications, low delivery efficiency, and severe endolysosomal trapping. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to develop new strategies capable of highly efficient cytosolic delivery of native antibodies with immediate bioavailability. Herein, we report a modification-free, convenient "mix-and-go" strategy for the cytosolic delivery of native antibodies to different live mammalian cells efficiently, with minimal endolysosomal trapping and immediate bioavailability. By simply mixing a cell-permeant bioadaptor (derived from protein A or TRIM21) with a commercially available off-the-shelf antibody, the resulting noncovalent complex could be immediately used for intracellular delivery of native antibodies needed in subsequent cytosolic target engagement. The versatility of this approach was successfully illustrated in a number of applications, including antibody-based, live-cell imaging of the endogenous protein glutathionylation to detect oxidative cell stress, antibody-based activation of endogenous caspase-3, and inhibition of endogenous PTP1B activity, and finally TRIM21-mediated endogenous protein degradation for potential targeted therapy. Our results thus indicate this newly developed, "mix-and-go" antibody delivery method should have broad applications in chemical biology and future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Du
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Si Si Liew
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Cheng-wu Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Du
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Xi’an Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Wenjie Lang
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang
University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Cassandra C. Y. Yao
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Xi’an Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang
University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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49
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Li D, Li X, Yang F, Yuan R, Xiang Y. Targeted Delivery of DNA Framework-Encapsulated Native Therapeutic Protein into Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54489-54496. [PMID: 33253532 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A protein-based therapy is significantly challenged by the successful delivery of native proteins into the targeted cancer cells. We address this challenge here using an all-sealed divalent aptamer tetrahedral DNA framework (asdTDF) delivery platform, in which the protein drug is encapsulated inside the cavity of the framework stoichiometrically via a reversible chemical bond. The ligase-assisted seal of the nicks results in highly enhanced TDF stability of the against nuclease digestion to effectively protect the therapeutic protein from degradation. In addition, the divalent aptamer sequences incorporated into the framework favor it with a target-specific and efficient delivery capability. Importantly, upon being readily delivered into the targeted cancer cells, endogenous glutathione can trigger the release of the native therapeutic protein from the TDF in a traceless fashion by cleaving the reversible chemical bond, thereby leading to effective apoptosis of the specific cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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50
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de Jong H, Bonger KM, Löwik DWPM. Activatable cell-penetrating peptides: 15 years of research. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:192-203. [PMID: 34458758 PMCID: PMC8341016 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00114g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An important hurdle for the intracellular delivery of large cargo is the cellular membrane, which protects the cell from exogenous substances. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can cross this barrier but their use as drug delivery vehicles is hampered by their lack of cell type specificity. Over the past years, several approaches have been explored to control the activity of CPPs that can be primed for cellular uptake. Since the first report on such activatable CPPs (ACPPs) in 2004, various methods of activation have been developed. Here, we provide an overview of the different ACPPs strategies known to date and summarize the benefits, drawbacks, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen de Jong
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W P M Löwik
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
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