1
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Nieland E, Voss J, Schmidt BM. Photoresponsive Supramolecular Cages and Macrocycles. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300353. [PMID: 37638597 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The utilisation of light to achieve precise manipulation and control over the structure and function of supramolecular assemblies has emerged as a highly promising approach in the development of complex, configurable, or multifunctional systems and nanoscopic machine-like entities. In this minireview, we highlight recent examples of self-assembled and covalently bound cages and macrocycles with a focus on the external and internal functionalisation of a structure with a photoswitchable unit or the embedment of a photoswitch into the framework of a structure. Functionalising the interior or exterior of a supramolecular cage or macrocycle with a photoresponsive group enables control over different properties, such as guest binding or assembly in the solid-state, while the overall shape of the assembly often undergoes no significant change. By directly integrating a photoswitchable unit into the framework of a supramolecular structure, the isomerisation can either induce a geometry change, the disassembly, or the disassembly and reassembly of the structure. Historical and recent examples covered in this review are based on azobenzene, diarylethene, stilbene photoswitches, or alkene motors that were incorporated into macrocycles and cages constructed by metal-organic, dynamic covalent, or covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jona Voss
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Krishnan CG, Kondo M, Yasuda O, Fan D, Nakamura K, Wakabayashi Y, Sasai H, Takizawa S. Light-controlled p Ka value of chiral Brønsted acid catalysts in enantioselective aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9956-9959. [PMID: 37526022 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02719h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Bis(dithienylethene)-based BINOL-derived phosphoric acid (DTE-BPA) has been developed as a light-controlled chiral organocatalyst for the first time. The photoinduced modulation of the reactivity and selectivity via the open/close isomerization of the DTE scaffold led to superior light-controlled ability in the enantioselective aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of aldimines with indoles. DFT studies showed that photoisomerization is accompanied by a shift of 1.1 pKa units between the open and closed isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandu G Krishnan
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Masaru Kondo
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
| | - Osamu Yasuda
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Duona Fan
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Kento Nakamura
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | | | - Hiroaki Sasai
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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3
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Li J, Ma X, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Qin Y, Zhai J, Xie X. Proton-Coupled Photochromic Hemithioindigo: Toward Photoactivated Chemical Sensing and Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11664-11671. [PMID: 37495553 PMCID: PMC10414032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
We report photoswitchable fluorescent hemithioindigos (HTIs) where the metastable E isomers were stabilized by the proton-bridged intramolecular hydrogen bond. Titration experiments and computational analysis indicated that the E isomers were much more basic than the Z isomers, which enabled photoactivated colorimetric and fluorescent pH response in solvents and polypropylene films. The HTIs exhibited reversibly switchable fluorescence with the Z isomers being the most fluorescent. Moreover, the HTIs were lysosomotropic and the kinetic fluorescence evolution during photoswitching was able to differentiate subcellular compartments with different pH. The combination of photoenhanced basicity, switchable fluorescence, and proton-coupled photochromism lay the groundwork for a broad range of chemical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xueqing Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yifu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuemin Qin
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingying Zhai
- Academy
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Chen W, Liu S, Ren Y, Xie S, Yan C, Zhou Z, Zhou G. Conjugation Extension and Halochromic Behaviors of S-Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Bearing Cyclopenta[b]thiopyran Moieties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203238. [PMID: 36376244 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three S-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bearing cyclopenta[b]thiopyran moieties have been designed and successfully synthesized. With the conjugation extension, the absorption onset of the longest PAH reaches 1110 nm. All the three S-fused PAHs exhibit significant halochromic properties in both solution and solid states. Upon protonation, the proton is incorporated on the cyclopentadiene ring while the positive charge is localized on the thiopyrylium ring. Moreover, no significant difference can be found for the two shorter PAHs upon the protonation by different organic acids, such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH), while the longest PAH can be only mono-protonated by TFA but di-protonated by stronger TfOH. Furthermore, after protonation, the non-emissive S-fused PAHs exhibit strong fluorescence and can be regenerated by simply neutralization with triethylamine. The enhanced emission of mono-protonated products stem from S2 →S0 transitions, which disobey the Kasha's rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Chen
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Si Liu
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yingjian Ren
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shoudong Xie
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Yan
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhanglang Zhou
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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5
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Lu H, Ye H, Zhang M, Wang L, You L. Photoswitchable Keto–Enol Tautomerism Driven by Light-Induced Change in Antiaromaticity. Org Lett 2022; 24:8639-8644. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 35007, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 35007, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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6
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Bae J, Lim H, Ahn J, Kim YH, Kim MS, Kim ID. Photoenergy Harvesting by Photoacid Solution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201734. [PMID: 35404527 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy has seen 180 years of development since the discovery of the photovoltaic effect, having achieved the most successful commercialization in the energy-harvesting fields. Despite its long history, even the most state-of-the-art photovoltaics remain confined to solid-state devices, limiting spatial and light utilization efficiencies. Herein, a liquid-state photoenergy harvester based on a photoacid (PA), a chemical that releases protons upon light irradiation and recombines with them in the dark through a fully reversible reaction, is demonstrated. Asymmetric light exposure on a PA solution contained in a transparent tube generates a pH gradient (ΔpH = 2) along the exposed and dark regions, which charges the Nernst potential up to 0.7 V across the two electrodes embedded at each end, as if a capacitor. Owing to the reversibility of PAs, a PA-driven liquid-state photoenergy harvester (PLPH) generates capacitive currents up to 0.72 mA m-2 on an irradiation. Notably, the transparent nature of the PLPH enables vertical stacking up to 25 units, which multiplies the light-harvesting efficiencies by over 1000%. This unique approach provides a new route to harness solar energy with a form-factor-free design that maximizes spatial and light-use efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeong Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Haeseong Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hwa Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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7
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Küng R, Göstl R, Schmidt BM. Release of Molecular Cargo from Polymer Systems by Mechanochemistry. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103860. [PMID: 34878679 PMCID: PMC9306765 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The design and manipulation of (multi)functional materials at the nanoscale holds the promise of fuelling tomorrow's major technological advances. In the realm of macromolecular nanosystems, the incorporation of force-responsive groups, so called mechanophores, has resulted in unprecedented access to responsive behaviours and enabled sophisticated functions of the resulting structures and advanced materials. Among the diverse force-activated motifs, the on-demand release or activation of compounds, such as catalysts, drugs, or monomers for self-healing, are sought-after since they enable triggering pristine small molecule function from macromolecular frameworks. Here, we highlight examples of molecular cargo release systems from polymer-based architectures in solution by means of sonochemical activation by ultrasound (ultrasound-induced mechanochemistry). Important design concepts of these advanced materials are discussed, as well as their syntheses and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Küng
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 5052056AachenGermany
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
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8
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Wimberger L, Prasad SKK, Peeks MD, Andréasson J, Schmidt TW, Beves JE. Large, Tunable, and Reversible pH Changes by Merocyanine Photoacids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20758-20768. [PMID: 34846132 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches capable of generating precise pH changes will allow pH-dependent processes to be controlled remotely and noninvasively with light. We introduce a series of new merocyanine photoswitches, which deliver reversible bulk pH changes up to 3.2 pH units (pH 6.5 to pH 3.3) upon irradiation with 450 nm light, displaying tunable and predictable timescales for thermal recovery. We present models to show that the key parameters for optimizing the bulk pH changes are measurable: the solubility of the photoswitch, the acidity of the merocyanine form, the thermal equilibrium position between the spiropyran and the merocyanine isomers, and the increased acidity under visible light irradiation. Using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, we determined the quantum yields for the ring-closing reaction and found that the lifetimes of the transient cis-merocyanine isomers ranged from 30 to 550 ns. Quantum yields did not appear to be a limitation for bulk pH switching. The models we present use experimentally determined parameters and are, in principle, able to predict the change in pH obtained for any related merocyanine photoacid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wimberger
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shyamal K K Prasad
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Martin D Peeks
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathon E Beves
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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9
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Villarón D, Duindam N, Wezenberg SJ. Push-Pull Stiff-Stilbene: Proton-Gated Visible-Light Photoswitching and Acid-Catalyzed Isomerization. Chemistry 2021; 27:17346-17350. [PMID: 34605565 PMCID: PMC9298359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor substituted stiff-stilbene is shown to undergo isomerization induced by visible light avoiding the need for harmful UV light. This visible-light photoswitching is inhibited by protonation of the dimethylamino-donor unit, disrupting the push-pull character and thus, gating of the photochromic properties is allowed by acid/base addition. Remarkably, the addition of a mild acid also triggers fast thermal back-isomerization, which is unprecedented for stiff-stilbene photoswitches usually having a very high energy barrier for this process. These combined features offer unique orthogonal control over switching behavior by light and protonation, which is investigated in detail by 1 H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. In addition, TD-DFT calculations are used to gain further insight into the absorption properties. Our results will help elevating the level of control over dynamic behavior in stiff-stilbene applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarón
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Nol Duindam
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
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10
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Kaiser C, Halbritter T, Heckel A, Wachtveitl J. Proton-Transfer Dynamics of Photoacidic Merocyanines in Aqueous Solution. Chemistry 2021; 27:9160-9173. [PMID: 33929051 PMCID: PMC8361770 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoacids attract increasing scientific attention, as they are valuable tools to spatiotemporally control proton-release reactions and pH values of solutions. We present the first time-resolved spectroscopic study of the excited state and proton-release dynamics of prominent merocyanine representatives. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements of a pyridine merocyanine with two distinct protonation sites revealed dissimilar proton-release mechanisms: one site acts as a photoacid generator as its pKa value is modulated in the ground state after photoisomerization, while the other functions as an excited state photoacid which releases its proton within 1.1 ps. With a pKa drop of 8.7 units to -5.5 upon excitation, the latter phenolic site is regarded a super-photoacid. The 6-nitro derivative exhibits only a phenolic site with similar, yet slightly less photoacidic characteristics and both compounds transfer their proton to methanol and ethanol. In contrast, for the related 6,8-dinitro compound an intramolecular proton transfer to the ortho-nitro group is suggested that is involved in a rapid relaxation into the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kaiser
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Science InstituteUniversity of IcelandDunhaga 3Reykjavikpostcode is missingIceland
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
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11
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Hou IC, Berger F, Narita A, Müllen K, Hecht S. Proton-Gated Ring-Closure of a Negative Photochromic Azulene-Based Diarylethene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18532-18536. [PMID: 33439528 PMCID: PMC7589205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Proton-responsive photochromic molecules are attractive for their ability to react on non-invasive rapid optical stimuli and the importance of protonation/deprotonation processes in various fields. Conventionally, their acidic/basic sites are on hetero-atoms, which are orthogonal to the photo-active π-center. Here, we incorporate azulene, an acid-sensitive pure hydrocarbon, into the skeleton of a diarylethene-type photoswitch. The latter exhibits a novel proton-gated negative photochromic ring-closure and its optical response upon protonation in both open and closed forms is much more pronounced than those of diarylethene photoswitches with hetero-atom based acidic/basic moieties. The unique behavior of the new photoswitch can be attributed to direct protonation on its π-system, supported by 1H NMR and theoretical calculations. Our results demonstrate the great potential of integrating non-alternant hydrocarbons into photochromic systems for the development of multi-responsive molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cheng‐Yi Hou
- Synthetic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Department ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Fabian Berger
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Synthetic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919-1 Tancha, Onna-sonKunigamiOkinawa904-0495Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Synthetic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Department ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 5052074AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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12
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Ludwig J, Helberg J, Zipse H, Herges R. Azo-dimethylaminopyridine-functionalized Ni(II)-porphyrin as a photoswitchable nucleophilic catalyst. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2119-2126. [PMID: 32952728 PMCID: PMC7476594 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the synthesis and the photochemical and catalytic switching properties of an azopyridine as a photoswitchable ligand, covalently attached to a Ni(II)-porphyrin. Upon irradiation with 530 nm (green light), the azopyridine switches to the cis configuration and coordinates with the Ni2+ ion. Light of 435 nm (violet) isomerizes the ligand back to the trans configuration, which decoordinates for steric reasons. This so-called record player design has been used previously to switch the spin state of Ni2+ between singlet and triplet. We now use the coordination/decoordination process to switch the catalytic activity of the dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) unit. DMAP is a known catalyst in the nitroaldol (Henry) reaction. Upon coordination to the Ni2+ ion, the basicity of the pyridine lone pair is attenuated and hence the catalytic activity is reduced. Decoordination restores the catalytic activity. The rate constants in the two switching states differ by a factor of 2.2, and the catalytic switching is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Ludwig
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, Kiel D-24098, Germany
| | - Julian Helberg
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Butenandtstrasse 5–13, 81377 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Butenandtstrasse 5–13, 81377 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, Kiel D-24098, Germany
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13
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Hou IC, Berger F, Narita A, Müllen K, Hecht S. Protonenvermittelter Ringschluss eines negativ photochromen, Azulen‐basierten Diarylethens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cheng‐Yi Hou
- Synthesechemie Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Department Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Fabian Berger
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Synthesechemie Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son Kunigami Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Synthesechemie Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Department Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
- DWI – Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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14
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Berton C, Busiello DM, Zamuner S, Solari E, Scopelliti R, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K, Pezzato C. Thermodynamics and kinetics of protonated merocyanine photoacids in water. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8457-8468. [PMID: 34123105 PMCID: PMC8163397 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastable-state photoacids (mPAHs) are chemical species whose photo-activated state is long-lived enough to allow for proton diffusion. Liao's photoacid (1) represents the archetype of mPAHs, and is being widely used on account of its unique capability to change the acidity of aqueous solutions reversibly. The behavior of 1 in water, however, still remains poorly understood. Herein, we provide in-depth insights on the thermodynamics and kinetics of 1 in water through a series of comparative 1H NMR and UV-Vis studies and relative modelling. Under dark conditions, we quantified a three-component equilibrium system where the dissociation (K a) of the open protonated form (MCH) is followed by isomerization (K c) of the open deprotonated form (MC) to the closed spiropyran form (SP) - i.e., in the absence of light, the ground state acidity can be expressed as K GS a = K a(1 + K c). On the other hand, under powerful and continuous light irradiation we were able to assess, for the first time experimentally, the dissociation constant (K MS a) of the protonated metastable state (cis-MCH). In addition, we found that thermal ring-opening of SP is always rate-determining regardless of pH, whereas hydrolysis is reminiscent of what is found for Schiff bases. The proposed methodology is general, and it was applied to two other compounds bearing a shorter (ethyl, 2) and a longer (butyl, 3) alkyl-1-sulfonate bridge. We found that the pK a remains constant, whereas both pK c and pK MS a linearly increase with the length of the alkyl bridge. Importantly, all results are consistent with a four-component model cycle, which describes perfectly the full dynamics of proton release/uptake of 1-3 in water. The superior hydrolytic stability and water solubility of compound 3, together with its relatively high pK GS a (low K c), allowed us to achieve fully reversible jumps of 2.5 pH units over 18 consecutive cycles (6 hours).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Berton
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Daniel Maria Busiello
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Stefano Zamuner
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Euro Solari
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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15
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Lvov AG, Yadykov AV, Lyssenko KA, Heinemann FW, Shirinian VZ, Khusniyarov MM. Reversible Shifting of a Chemical Equilibrium by Light: The Case of Keto-Enol Tautomerism of a β-Ketoester. Org Lett 2020; 22:604-609. [PMID: 31909627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Manipulating the equilibrium between a ketone and an enol by light opens up ample opportunities in material chemistry and photopharmacology. By incorporating β-ketoester into the ethene bridge of a photoactive diarylethene, we achieved reversible light-induced tautomerization to give thermally stable enol. In a pristine state, the tautomeric equilibrium is almost completely shifted toward the ketone. Photocyclization of diarylethene results in a new equilibrium containing a significant fraction of the enol tautomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , 47, Leninsky prosp , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Egerlandstrasse 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Anton V Yadykov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , 47, Leninsky prosp , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119992 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Egerlandstrasse 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , 47, Leninsky prosp , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Marat M Khusniyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Egerlandstrasse 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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16
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Mizutsu R, Asato R, Martin CJ, Yamada M, Nishikawa Y, Katao S, Yamada M, Nakashima T, Kawai T. Photo-Lewis Acid Generator Based on Radical-Free 6π Photo-Cyclization Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20043-20047. [PMID: 31814390 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present here a new photo-active molecule which acts as a photo-Lewis acid generator (PLAG) based on photo-chemical 6π-percyclization. Photo-illumination of the PLAG molecule produces a condensed aromatic carbocation with a triflate counteranion, which exhibits Lewis acid chemical catalytic reactivity such as initiation of the polymerization of epoxy monomers and catalysis of Mukaiyama-aldol reactions. The terminal-end structure in the epoxy polymerization was modified with the Lewis acid fragment. The carbocation induced the Mukaiyama-aldol reaction as a new photo-gated system with remarkably high catalytic reactivity and turnover numbers higher than 60. The photo-chemical quantum yield of the carbocation generation is 50%, which is considerably higher than obtained with most Brønsted photo-acid generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Mizutsu
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Asato
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan.,NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems , NAIST, CEMES-UPR 8011 CNRS , 29, rue Jeanne Marvig , BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
| | - Colin J Martin
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan.,NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems , NAIST, CEMES-UPR 8011 CNRS , 29, rue Jeanne Marvig , BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
| | - Mihoko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nishikawa
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Shohei Katao
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Miku Yamada
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan.,NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems , NAIST, CEMES-UPR 8011 CNRS , 29, rue Jeanne Marvig , BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
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17
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Amouroux B, Roux C, Micheau JC, Gauffre F, Coudret C. A photochemical determination of luminescence efficiency of upconverting nanoparticles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2671-2677. [PMID: 31807202 PMCID: PMC6880820 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles are a rising class of non-linear luminescent probes burgeoning since the beginning of the 2000's, especially for their attractiveness in theranostics. However, the precise quantification of the light delivered remains a hot problem in order to estimate their impact on the biological medium. Sophisticated photophysical measurements under near infrared excitation have been developed only by few teams. Here, we present the first attempt towards a simple and cheap photochemical approach consisting of an actinometric characterization of the green emission of NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles. Using the recently calibrated actinometer 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)-3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-1-cyclopentene operating in the green region of the visible spectra, we propose a simple photochemical experiment to get an accurate estimation of the efficiency of these green-emitting "nanolamps". The agreement of the collected data with the previous published results validates this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Amouroux
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier,118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, UMR6226, ISCR, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Clément Roux
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier,118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier,118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, UMR6226, ISCR, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Coudret
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier,118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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18
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Liu D, Sponza AD, Yang D, Chiu M. Modulating Polymer Dispersity with Light: Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers Using Photochromic Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16210-16216. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Alvaro D. Sponza
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Dandan Yang
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Melanie Chiu
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
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19
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Liu D, Sponza AD, Yang D, Chiu M. Modulating Polymer Dispersity with Light: Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers Using Photochromic Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Alvaro D. Sponza
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Dandan Yang
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Melanie Chiu
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
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20
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Parsons DF, Salis A. A thermodynamic correction to the theory of competitive chemisorption of ions at surface sites with nonelectrostatic physisorption. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:024701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5096237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Drew F. Parsons
- College of Science, Health, Engineering & Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Andrea Salis
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Unità Operativa Univ. Cagliari, Italy and Centro NanoBiotecnologie Sardegna (CNBS), Unità Operativa Univ. Cagliari,Italy
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21
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Gole B, Kauffmann B, Maurizot V, Huc I, Ferrand Y. Light‐Controlled Conformational Switch of an Aromatic Oligoamide Foldamer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bappaditya Gole
- CBMN (UMR5248) Univ. Bordeaux – CNRS – IPB Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux CNRS INSERM, UMS3033 Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB) 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Victor Maurizot
- CBMN (UMR5248) Univ. Bordeaux – CNRS – IPB Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Yann Ferrand
- CBMN (UMR5248) Univ. Bordeaux – CNRS – IPB Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
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22
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Gole B, Kauffmann B, Maurizot V, Huc I, Ferrand Y. Light‐Controlled Conformational Switch of an Aromatic Oligoamide Foldamer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8063-8067. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bappaditya Gole
- CBMN (UMR5248) Univ. Bordeaux – CNRS – IPB Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux CNRS INSERM, UMS3033 Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB) 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Victor Maurizot
- CBMN (UMR5248) Univ. Bordeaux – CNRS – IPB Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Yann Ferrand
- CBMN (UMR5248) Univ. Bordeaux – CNRS – IPB Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
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23
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Nihei M, Yanai Y, Natke D, Takayama R, Kato M, Sekine Y, Renz F, Oshio H. Solid‐State Hydrogen‐Bond Alterations in a [Co
2
Fe
2
] Complex with Bifunctional Hydrogen‐Bonding Donors. Chemistry 2019; 25:7449-7452. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nihei
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yuta Yanai
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Dominik Natke
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieLeibniz University Hannover Callinstrasse 9 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Ryo Takayama
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Marina Kato
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sekine
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Franz Renz
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieLeibniz University Hannover Callinstrasse 9 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Hiroki Oshio
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
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24
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Koeppe B, Rühl S, Römpp F. Towards More Effective, Reversible pH Control by Visible Light Alone: A Thioindigo Photoswitch Undergoing a Strong p
K
a
Modulation by Isomer‐Specific Hydrogen Bonding. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Koeppe
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Steffen Rühl
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Florian Römpp
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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25
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Kunde T, Schmidt BM. Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED) for Small-Molecule Structure Determination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:666-668. [PMID: 30548517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of new methods to analyze and determine molecular structures parallels the ability to accelerate synthetic research. For many decades, single-crystal analysis by X-ray diffraction (SXRD) has been the definitive tool for structural analysis at the atomic level; the drawback, however, is that a suitable single crystal of the analyte needs to be grown. The recent innovation of the crystalline sponge (CS) method allows the microanalysis of compounds simply soaked in a readily prepared CS crystal, thus circumventing the need to screen crystallization conditions while also using only a trace amount of the sample. In this context, electron diffraction for the structure determination of small molecules is discussed as potentially the next big development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kunde
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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26
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Kunde T, Schmidt BM. Mikrokristalline Elektronenbeugung (MicroED) zur Strukturaufklärung niedermolekularer Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kunde
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Deutschland
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27
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Lvov AG, Khusniyarov MM, Shirinian VZ. Azole-based diarylethenes as the next step towards advanced photochromic materials. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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