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Li Z, Lu J, Li X. Recent Progress in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401001. [PMID: 38742479 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a rapidly growing discipline that is expected to become an encouraging noninvasive therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In the PDT process, an efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) process for photosensitizers from the singlet excited state (S1) to the triplet excited state (T1) is critical for the formation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and improvement of PDT performance. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules featuring an extremely small singlet-triplet energy gap and an efficient ISC process represent an enormous breakthrough for the PDT process. Consequently, the development of advanced TADF photosensitizers has become increasingly crucial and pressing. The most recent developments in TADF photosensitizers aimed at enhancing PDT efficiency for bio-applications are presented in this review. TADF photosensitizers with water dispersibility, targeting ability, activatable ability, and two-photon excitation properties are highlighted. Furthermore, the future challenges and perspectives of TADF photosensitizers in PDT are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Tai Yuan, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Tai Yuan, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P.R. China
| | - Xuping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Tai Yuan, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P.R. China
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, P.R. China
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2
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Deree Y, Bogoslavsky B, Schapiro I, Gidron O. The photochemistry and photophysics of benzoyl-carbazole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18048-18053. [PMID: 38895802 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Benzoyl-carbazole and its derivatives are considered a platform for exploring processes such as room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). They have also been reported to exhibit dual emission, but there is a great spectral variability in the relative intensity of the emission bands reported in different studies. To better understand the fundamental photophysical properties, we set to explore BCz and its perfluorinated derivative F5BCz using spectroscopy and quantum chemical simulations. We find that the reported dual fluorescence in solution and in films results from a photochemical process (photo-Fries rearrangement), producing carbazole among other products, explaining the variation in the reported emission spectra. In addition, BCz exhibits solvent dependent TADF, which is explained by the stabilization of the charge transfer S1 state in polar solvents. F5BCz undergoes an efficient photochemical process (Mallory reaction) from its single state to produce highly fluorescent product c-F5BCz, in 40% isolated yield. This photoreactivity also proceeds in films under ambient conditions, which have significant implications on the applications of BCz-based materials for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinon Deree
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nano science and Nano-technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Benny Bogoslavsky
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nano science and Nano-technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ori Gidron
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nano science and Nano-technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel.
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3
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Ni F, Huang Y, Qiu L, Yang C. Synthetic progress of organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters via C-H activation and functionalization. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5904-5955. [PMID: 38717257 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have become increasingly prominent due to their promising applications across various fields, prompting a continuous demand for developing reliable synthetic methods to access them. This review aims to highlight the progress made in the last decade in synthesizing organic TADF compounds through C-H bond activation and functionalization. The review begins with a brief introduction to the basic features and design principles of TADF emitters. It then provides an overview of the advantages and concise development of C-H bond transformations in constructing TADF emitters. Subsequently, it summarizes both transition-metal-catalyzed and non-transition-metal-promoted C-H bond transformations used for the synthesis of TADF emitters. Finally, the review gives an outlook on further challenges and potential directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ni
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Yipan Huang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China.
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4
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Pan Z, Song J, Zhang S, Zeng P, Mei J, Qu DH. Tailoring raloxifene into single-component molecular crystals possessing multilevel stimuli-responsive room-temperature phosphorescence. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1237-1248. [PMID: 38458915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneously achieving room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and multiple-stimuli responsiveness in a single-component system is of significance but remains challenging. Crystallization has been recognized to be a workable strategy to fulfill the above task. However, how the molecular packing mode affects the intersystem crossing and RTP lifetime concurrently remains unclear so far. Herein, four economic small-molecular compounds, analogues of the famous drug raloxifene (RALO), are facilely synthesized and further explored as neat single-component and stimuli-responsive RTP emitters via crystallization engineering. Thanks to their simple structures and high ease to crystallize, these raloxifene analogues function as models to clarify the important role of molecular packing in the RTP and stimuli-responsiveness properties. Thorough combination of the single-crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculations clearly manifests that the tight antiparallel molecular packing mode is the key point to their RTP behaviors. Interestingly, harnessing the controllable and reversible phase transitions of the two polymorphs of RALO-OAc driven by mechanical force, solvent vapor, and heat, a single-component multilevel stimuli-responsive platform with tunable emission color is established and further exploited for optical information encryption. This work would shed light on the rational design of multi-stimuli responsive RTP systems based on single-component organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinming Song
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ju Mei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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5
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Sheng C, Gao X, Ding Y, Guo M. Water-Soluble Luminescent Polymers with Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Based on the α-Amino Acids. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400201. [PMID: 38747029 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Nonconventional luminophores have received increasing attention, owing to their fundamental importance, advantages in outstanding biocompatibility, easy preparation, environmental friendliness, and potential applications in sensing, imaging, and encryption. Purely organic molecules with outstanding fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have emerged as a new library of benign afterglow agents. However, the cost, toxicity, high reactivity, and poor stability of materials also limit their practical applications. Therefore, some natural products, synthetic compounds, and biomolecules have entered horizons of people. The as-designed exhibits sky blue and green fluorescence emission and green RTP emission (a lifetime of 343 ms and phosphorescence quantum of 15.3%) under air condition. This study presents an organic fluorescence for biological imaging and RTP for anti-counterfeiting and encryption based on amino acids, maleic anhydride and 4-vinylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate. This study provides a strategy for nonconventional luminophores in designing and synthesizing pure organic RTP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengju Sheng
- Southwest University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Gao
- Southwest University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Ding
- Southwest University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Guo
- Southwest University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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6
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Wang M, Zhang Z, Lyu J, Qiu J, Gu C, Zhao H, Wang T, Ren Y, Yang SW, Qin Xu G, Liu X. Overcoming Thermal Quenching in X-ray Scintillators through Multi-Excited State Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401949. [PMID: 38437064 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
X-ray scintillators have gained significant attention in medical diagnostics and industrial applications. Despite their widespread utility, scintillator development faces a significant hurdle when exposed to elevated temperatures, as it usually results in reduced scintillation efficiency and diminished luminescence output. Here we report a molecular design strategy based on a hybrid perovskite (TpyBiCl5) that overcomes thermal quenching through multi-excited state switching. The structure of perovskite provides a platform to modulate the luminescence centers. The rigid framework constructed by this perovskite structure stabilized its triplet states, resulting in TpyBiCl5 exhibiting an approximately 12 times higher (45 % vs. 3.8 %) photoluminescence quantum yield of room temperature phosphorescence than that of its organic ligand (Tpy). Most importantly, the interactions between the components of this perovskite enable the mixing of different excited states, which has been revealed by experimental and theoretical investigations. The TpyBiCl5 scintillator exhibits a detection limit of 38.92 nGy s-1 at 213 K and a detection limit of 196.31 nGy s-1 at 353 K through scintillation mode switching between thermally activated delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence. This work opens up the possibility of solving the thermal quenching in X-ray scintillators by tuning different excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhongbo Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
- International Campus of Tianjin University, Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, 350207, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang Gu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
- International Campus of Tianjin University, Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, 350207, Fuzhou, China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
- International Campus of Tianjin University, Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, 350207, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiwen Ren
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo-Wang Yang
- Institute of High-Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138632, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guo Qin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
- International Campus of Tianjin University, Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, 350207, Fuzhou, China
- Center for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, 215123, Suzhou, China
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7
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Siddiqui I, Gautam P, Blazevicius D, Jayakumar J, Lenka S, Tavgeniene D, Zaleckas E, Grigalevicius S, Jou JH. Bicarbazole-Benzophenone Based Twisted Donor-Acceptor Derivatives as Potential Blue TADF Emitters for OLEDs. Molecules 2024; 29:1672. [PMID: 38611951 PMCID: PMC11013760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) find applications in smartphones, televisions, and the automotive sector. However, this technology is still not perfect, and its application for lighting purposes has been slow. For further development of the OLEDs, we designed twisted donor-acceptor-type electroactive bipolar derivatives using benzophenone and bicarbazole as building blocks. Derivatives were synthesized through the reaction of 4-fluorobenzophenone with various mono-alkylated 3,3'-bicarbazoles. We have provided a comprehensive structural characterization of these compounds. The new materials are amorphous and exhibit suitable glass transition temperatures ranging from 57 to 102 °C. They also demonstrate high thermal stability, with decomposition temperatures reaching 400 °C. The developed compounds exhibit elevated photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of up to 75.5% and favourable HOMO-LUMO levels, along with suitable triplet-singlet state energy values. Due to their good solubility and suitable film-forming properties, all the compounds were evaluated as blue TADF emitters dispersed in commercial 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,10-biphenyl (CBP) host material and used for the formation of emissive layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in concentration-dependent experiments. Out of these experiments, the OLED with 15 wt% of the emitting derivative 4-(9'-{2-ethylhexyl}-[3,3']-bicarbazol-9-yl)benzophenone exhibited superior performance. It attained a maximum brightness of 3581 cd/m2, a current efficacy of 5.7 cd/A, a power efficacy of 4.1 lm/W, and an external quantum efficacy of 2.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan (J.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Prakalp Gautam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan (J.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Dovydas Blazevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Plentas 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania (D.T.)
| | - Jayachandran Jayakumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan (J.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Sushanta Lenka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan (J.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Daiva Tavgeniene
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Plentas 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania (D.T.)
| | - Ernestas Zaleckas
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu Str. 11, Akademija, LT-53361 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Grigalevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Plentas 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania (D.T.)
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan (J.J.); (S.L.)
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8
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Sreejaya MM, M Pillai V, A A, Baby M, Bera M, Gangopadhyay M. Mechanistic analysis of viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probes for applications in diabetes detection. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2917-2937. [PMID: 38421297 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02697c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most detrimental diseases affecting the human life because it can initiate several other afflictions such as liver damage, kidney malfunctioning, and cardiac inflammation. The primary method for diabetes diagnosis involves the analysis of blood samples to quantify the level of glucose, while secondary diagnostic methods involve the qualitative analysis of obesity, fatigue, etc. However, all these symptoms start showing up only when the patient has been suffering from diabetes for a certain period of time. In order to avoid such delay in diagnosis, the development of specific fluorescent probes has attracted considerable attention. Prominent biomarkers for diabetes include abundance of certain analytes in blood serum, e.g., glucose, methylglyoxal, albumin, and reactive oxygen species; high intracellular viscosity; alteration of enzyme functionality, etc. Among these, high viscosity can greatly affect the fluorescence properties of various chromophores owing to the environment sensitivity of fluorescence spectra. In this review article, we have illustrated the application of some prominent fluorophores such as coumarin, BODIPY, xanthene, and rhodamine in the development of viscosity-dependent fluorescent probes. Detailed mechanistic aspects determining the influence of viscosity on the fluorescent properties of the probes have also been elaborated. Fluorescence mechanisms that are directly affected by the high-viscosity heterogeneous microenvironment are based on intramolecular rotations like twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT), aggregation-induced emission (AIE), and through-bond energy transfer (TBET). In this regard, this review article will be highly useful for researchers working in the field of diabetes treatment and fluorescent probes. It also provides a platform for the planning of futuristic clinical translation of fluorescent probes for the early-stage diagnosis and therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Sreejaya
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
| | - Vineeth M Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
| | - Ayesha A
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
| | - Maanas Baby
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
| | | | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
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9
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Wen Y, Zhao S, Yang Z, Feng Z, Yang Z, Zhang ST, Liu H, Yang B. Transforming Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence to Room-Temperature Phosphorescence through Modulation of the Donor in Charge-Transfer Cocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2690-2696. [PMID: 38427379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A cocrystallization strategy is used through incorporation of 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) as an acceptor with halogen-substituent thioxanthone (TX) derivatives as donors. The resulting cocrystals TT-R (R = H, F, Cl, Br, or I) transform the thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission in the TT-H, TT-F, and TT-Cl cocrystals to room-temperature phosphorescence in the TT-Br and TT-I cocrystals. Definite crystal packing structures demonstrate a 1:1 alternative donor-acceptor stacking in the TT-H cocrystal, a 2:1 alternative donor-acceptor stacking in the TT-F and TT-Cl cocrystals, and a separate stacking of donor and acceptor in the TT-Br and TT-I cocrystals. A transformation law can be revealed that with an increase in atomic number from H, F, Cl, Br, to I, the cocrystals show the structural transformation of the number of aggregated TX-R molecules from monomers to dimers and finally to multimers. This work will facilitate an understanding of the effect of halogen substituents on the crystal packing structure and luminescence properties in the cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Shuaiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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10
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Deka R, Dey S, Upadhyay M, Chawla S, Ray D. Conformational Effect of Catechol-Terephthalonitrile Emitters Leading to Ambient Violet Phosphorescence. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:581-589. [PMID: 38206828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Organic ambient violet phosphorescent (AVP) materials are of great interest due to their involvement of high energy and longer-lived triplet excitons. Here, we show three fused ring functionalized donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D/D-A-D') emitters (BPT1-BPT3), in which two catechol-based donors (3,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, catechol, or 3,5-ditert-butylcatechol) are covalently fused to the terephthalonitrile acceptor via four O-C single bonds. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that all the molecules show AVP (∼390-394 nm, τAVP = 73-101 μs) with phosphorescence quantum yields (ϕP) of 1.8-27.4% due to low singlet-triplet gaps (0.036-0.046 eV) and conformational effects. BPT3 with bulky tert-butyl groups increases AVP (ϕP = 27.4%). Quantum chemistry calculations reveal flat (F1) and twisted (F2) conformers (ground state) with a low energy difference (∼4-5 kcal/mol) for all molecules; the F1 conformer is responsible for efficient AVP, while weak blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence with longer-lived delayed components is realized from the F2 conformer. This approach may provide important clues for the design of high-energy organic phosphorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Deka
- Advanced Photofunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Suvendu Dey
- Advanced Photofunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Manoj Upadhyay
- Advanced Photofunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sakshi Chawla
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Debdas Ray
- Advanced Photofunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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11
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Liang L, Qu C, Fan X, Ye K, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Duan L, Wang Y. Carbonyl- and Nitrogen-Embedded Multi-Resonance Emitter with Ultra-Pure Green Emission and High Electroluminescence Efficiencies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316710. [PMID: 38061992 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters with narrow emission spectra have garnered significant attention in future organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. However, current C=O/N-embedded MR-TADF systems still lack satisfactory performance in terms of electroluminescence bandwidths and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs). In this study, a C=O/N-embedded green MR-TADF emitter, featuring two acridone units incorporated in a sterically protected 11-ring fused core skeleton, is successfully synthesized through finely controlling the reaction selectivity. The superior combination of multiple intramolecular fusion and steric wrapping strategies in the design of the emitter not only imparts an extremely narrow emission spectrum and a high fluorescence quantum yield to the emitter but also mitigates aggregation-induced spectral broadening and fluorescence quenching. Therefore, the emitter exhibits leading green OLED performance among C=O/N-based MR-TADF systems, achieving an EQE of up to 37.2 %, a full width at half maximum of merely 0.11 eV (24 nm), and a Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinate of (0.20, 0.73). This study marks a significant advance in the realization of ideal C=O/N-based MR-TADF emitters and holds profound implications for the design and synthesis of other MR-TADF systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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12
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Mo Z, Wang G, Li J, Yan Q, Zhang K. Dopant-Matrix Afterglow Systems: Manipulation of Room-Temperature Phosphorescence/Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Afterglow Mechanism via Mismatch/Match of Intermolecular Charge Transfer between Dopants and Matrices. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:11142-11151. [PMID: 38054432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopant-matrix organic afterglow materials exhibit ease of fabrication and intriguing functions in diverse fields. However, a deep and comprehensive understanding of their photophysical behaviors remains elusive. Here we report manipulation of a room-temperature phosphorescence/thermally activated delayed fluorescence (RTP/TADF) afterglow mechanism via the mismatch/match of intermolecular charge transfer between dopants and matrices. When dispersed in inert crystalline matrices, the luminescent dopants show RTP lifetimes up to 2 s. Interestingly, when suitable organic matrices are selected, the resultant dopant-matrix materials display a TADF-type afterglow under ambient conditions due to the formation of dopant-matrix intermolecular charge transfer complexes. Detailed studies reveal that reverse intersystem crossing from dopants' T1 states to charge transfer complexes' S1 states, which features a moderate kRISC of 101-102 s-1, is responsible for the emergence of a TADF-type organic afterglow in rigid crystalline matrices. Such less reported delicate photophysics reveals a new aspect of the excited state property in dopant-matrix afterglow systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Mo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaka Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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13
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Singh P, Pattanayak P, Purkayastha P, Kumar Ghosh S. Achieving the Reverse Intersystem Crossing in Chalcone Based Donor-Acceptor System through Down-Conversion of Triplet Exciton. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302587. [PMID: 37747412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, understanding the mechanism of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has become the primary choice for designing high-efficiency, low-cost, metal-free organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, we propose a strategically designed chalcone based donor-acceptor system, where intensification of delayed fluorescence with decrease in temperature (300 K to 100 K) is observed; the theoretical investigations of electronic states and orbital characters uncovered a new cold rISC pathway in donor-acceptor system, where rISC occurs through the down-conversation of higher triplet exciton (from T3 ) to lowest singlet state (S1 ), having negative energy splitting, thus no thermal energy is required. The comprehensive research described herein might open-up new avenues in donor-acceptor system over the conventional up-convention of triplet exciton and demonstrates that not necessarily all delayed fluorescence are thermally activated (TADF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradip Pattanayak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, WB, India
| | - Pradipta Purkayastha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, WB, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Dey S, Pal AK, Upadhyay M, Datta A, Ray D. Modulation of Delayed Fluorescence Guided by Conformational Effect-Mediated Thermally Enhanced Phosphorescence in Phenothiazines-Quinoline-Cl Conjugates. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9833-9840. [PMID: 37913786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Triplet energy harvesting via thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from pure organic systems has attracted great attention in organic light-emitting diodes, sensing, and photocatalysis. However, the realization of thermally enhanced phosphorescence (TEP)-guided efficient TADF with a high rate of reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC) still needs to be discovered. Herein, we report two phenothiazine-quinoline conjugates (P2QC, P2QMC) comprising two phenothiazine donors covalently attached to the chlorine-substituted quinolinyl acceptor. Spectroscopic analysis in conjunction with quantum chemistry calculations reveals that TEP in P2QC originated due to slow internal conversion from higher-lying triplet to lowest triplet (T2' → T1') of the quasi-axial (QA) conformer and TADF (kRISC = 1.44 × 108 s-1) originated from the quasi-equatorial (QE) conformer caused by a low singlet-triplet gap (ΔES1-T1 = 0.11 eV) and triplet energy transfer from QA to QE owing to the degenerate ground state of the conformers. In contrast, TADF (kRISC = 0.74 × 108 s-1) and dual phosphorescence under ambient conditions are observed in P2QMC. This study provides a sustainable guideline for developing efficient TADF emitters via conformation effects and energy transfer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Dey
- Advanced Photofunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Manoj Upadhyay
- Advanced Photofunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Debdas Ray
- Advanced Photofunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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15
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Li Y, Chen Y, Li H, Liu C, Li L, Quan Y, Cheng Y. Achiral Dichroic Dyes-mediated Circularly Polarized Emission Regulated by Orientational Order Parameter through Cholesteric Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312159. [PMID: 37776155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
It is noteworthy that cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) platforms have been witnessed in high-performance circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) behaviors through the highly organized chiral co-assembled arrangement of achiral dyes. However, most CPL-active design strategies are closely relative to the helix co-assembly structure of CLC rather than achiral dyes. Herein, we developed an intriguing regulation strategy for CPL-active CLC materials. They were regulated using the orientational order parameter (SF ) of achiral dichroic dyes as an incisive probe for the order arrangement degree of achiral dyes in CLC media. The I-shaped phenothiazine derivative PHECN dye (SF =0.30) emitted a strong CPL signal (|glum |=0.47). In contrast, the T-shaped derivative (PHEBen) dye (SF =0.09) showed a weak circular polarization level (|glum |=0.07) at similar CLC textures. Most interestingly, this kind of dichroic PHECN dye with a higher SF could greatly improve the contrast ratio of CPL (Δglum =0.47) and emission intensity (ΔFL=46.0 %) at direct-current electric field compared with the T-shaped PHEBen (Δglum =0.07 and ΔFL=1.0 %) in CLC. This work demonstrates that an induced CPL emission can be mediated using achiral dichroic dye, which will open a new avenue for developing excellent CPL-active display materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lulu Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Yiwu Quan
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yixiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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16
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Li J, Yang S, Deng Z, Islam A, Wu S, He J, Ni S, Dang L, Li MD. Uncovering the substituted-position effect on excited-state evolution of benzophenone-phenothiazine dyads. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:144502. [PMID: 37818997 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Photofunctional materials based on donor-acceptor molecules have drawn intense attention due to their unique optical properties. Importantly, Systematic investigation of substitution effects on excited-state charge transfer dynamics of donor-acceptor molecules is a powerful approach for identifying application-relevant design principles. Here, by coupling phenothiazine (PTZ) at the ortho-, meta-, and para-positions of the benzene ring of benzophenone (BP), three regioisomeric BP-PTZ dyads were designed to understand the relationship between substituted positions and excited-state evolution channels. Ultrafast transient absorption is used to detect and trace the transient species and related evolution channels of BP-PTZ dyads at excited state. In a non-polar solvent, BP-o-PTZ undergoes the through-space charge transfer process to produce a singlet charge-transfer (1CT) state, which subsequently proceeds the intersystem crossing process and transforms into a triplet charge-transfer (3CT) state; BP-m-PTZ experiences intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process to generate the 1CT state, which subsequently transforms into the 3CT state by the intersystem crossing (ISC) and finally converts into the local-excited triplet (3LE) state; as for BP-p-PTZ, only 3LE states can be detected after the ISC process from the 1CT state. On the other hand, the twisted ICT states are generated via twisted motion between the donor and acceptor for all BP-PTZ dyads or planarization of the PTZ unit in high polar solvents. The excited-state theoretical calculations unveil that the features of ICT and intramolecular interaction between the three dyads play a decisive role in determining the through-bond charge transfer and through-space charge transfer processes. Also, these results demonstrate that the excited-state evolution channels of PTZ derivatives could be modified by tuning the substituted positions of the donor-acceptor dyads. This study provides a deep perspective for the substitute-position effect on donor-acceptor-type PTZ derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Sirui Yang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Amjad Islam
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofei Ni
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China
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17
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Partanen I, Al-Saedy O, Eskelinen T, Karttunen AJ, Saarinen JJ, Mrózek O, Steffen A, Belyaev A, Chou PT, Koshevoy IO. Fast and Tunable Phosphorescence from Organic Ionic Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305108. [PMID: 37227225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline diphosphonium iodides [MeR2 P-spacer-R2 Me]I with phenylene (1, 2), naphthalene (3, 4), biphenyl (5) and anthracene (6) as aromatic spacers, are photoemissive under ambient conditions. The emission colors (λem values from 550 to 880 nm) and intensities (Φem reaching 0.75) are defined by the composition and substitution geometry of the central conjugated chromophore motif, and the anion-π interactions. Time-resolved and variable-temperature luminescence studies suggest phosphorescence for all the titled compounds, which demonstrate observed lifetimes of 0.46-92.23 μs at 297 K. Radiative rate constants kr as high as 2.8×105 s-1 deduced for salts 1-3 were assigned to strong spin-orbit coupling enhanced by an external heavy atom effect arising from the anion-π charge-transfer character of the triplet excited state. These rates of anomalously fast metal-free phosphorescence are comparable to those of transition metal complexes and organic luminophores that utilize triplet excitons via a thermally activated delayed fluorescence mechanism, making such ionic luminophores a new paradigm for the design of photofunctional and responsive molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Partanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Omar Al-Saedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Toni Eskelinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Antti J Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Jarkko J Saarinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ondrej Mrózek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617 (ROC)
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
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18
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Fu X, Jin H, Ma Z, Zhang X, Qian C, Li Z, Chi Z, Ma Z. How Matrixes Influence Room Temperature Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence: 4-Dimethylaminopyridine vs Carbazole Derivative. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37327087 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
How matrixes influence room temperature ultralong organic phosphorescence (RTUOP) in the doping systems is a fundamental question. In this study, we construct guest-matrix doping phosphorescence systems by using the derivatives (ISO2N-2, ISO2BCz-1, and ISO2BCz-2) of three phosphorescence units (N-2, BCz-1, and BCz-2) and two matrixes (ISO2Cz and DMAP) and systematically investigate their RTUOP properties. Firstly, the intrinsic phosphorescence properties of three guest molecules were studied in solution, in the pure powder state, and in PMMA film. Then, the guest molecules were doped into the two matrixes with increasing weight ratio. To our surprise, all of the doping systems in DMAP feature a longer lifetime but weaker phosphorescence intensity, while all of the doping systems in ISO2Cz exhibit a shorter lifetime but higher phosphorescence intensity. According to the single-crystal analysis of the two matrixes, resemblant chemical structures of the guests and ISO2Cz enable them to approach each other and interact with each other via a variety of interactions, thus facilitating the occurrence of charge separation (CS) and charge recombination (CR). The HOMO-LUMO energy levels of the guests match well with the ones of ISO2Cz, which also significantly promotes the efficiency of the CS and CR process. To our best knowledge, this work is a systematic study on how matrixes influence the RTUOP of guest-matrix doping systems and may give deep insight into the development of organic phosphorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huiwen Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zewei Li
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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19
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Wan Y, Wang D, Li B, Liu Y, Zhu L, Wan Y, Li Q, Yin H, Shi Y. Turning enol* emission of SBOH via restricting twisted intramolecular charge transfer behavior by pressure. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 294:122551. [PMID: 36878138 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive luminogens with aggregation-induced emission and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) properties have applications in storage devices, anti-counterfeiting, imaging, and sensors. Nevertheless, group rotation appears in twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state, resulting in decreased fluorescence intensity. Inhibiting TICT remains a challenge based on their intrinsic molecular configuration. Herein, we present a simple facile pressure-induced method to restrict the TICT behavior. Steady-state spectroscopy measurement shows that fluorescence enhancement and color shifts can be achieved under high pressure. Combined with in situ high-pressure ultrafast spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, the TICT behavior was restricted in two aspects. The ESIPT process was damaged, hence more particles stored in the E* state, and transferred to the TICT state hardly. Also, the rotation of (E)-dimethyl5-((4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)isophthalate (SBOH) was restricted, significantly increasing the fluorescence intensity. This approach provides a new strategy for the development of stimulus-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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20
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Wright IA, Etherington MK, Batsanov AS, Monkman AP, Bryce MR. Oxidation State Tuning of Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence in Phenothiazine and Phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide Dimers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300428. [PMID: 36916635 PMCID: PMC10946842 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic dimers consisting of combinations of butterfly-shaped phenothiazine (PTZ) and its chemically oxidized form phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide (PTZ(SO2 )) have been synthesized. A twist is imposed across the dimers by ortho-substituents including methyl ethers, sulfides and sulfones. X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry and optical spectroscopy, underpinned by computational studies, have been employed to study the interplay between the oxidation state, conformational restriction, and emission mechanisms including thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). While the PTZ(SO2 ) dimers are simple fluorophores, the presence of PTZ induces triplet-mediated emission with a mixed PTZ-PTZ(SO2 ) dimer displaying concentration dependent hallmarks of both TADF and RTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A. Wright
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghDavid Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Marc K. Etherington
- Department of PhysicsDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical EngineeringNorthumbria UniversityEllison PlaceNewcastle upon TyneNE1 8STUK
| | | | | | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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21
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Qiu W, Liu D, Li M, Cai X, Chen Z, He Y, Liang B, Peng X, Qiao Z, Chen J, Li W, Pu J, Xie W, Wang Z, Li D, Gan Y, Jiao Y, Gu Q, Su SJ. Confining donor conformation distributions for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence with fast spin-flipping. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2564. [PMID: 37142564 PMCID: PMC10160101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast spin-flipping is the key to exploit the triplet excitons in thermally activated delayed fluorescence based organic light-emitting diodes toward high efficiency, low efficiency roll-off and long operating lifetime. In common donor-acceptor type thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules, the distribution of dihedral angles in the film state would have significant influence on the photo-physical properties, which are usually neglected by researches. Herein, we find that the excited state lifetimes of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters are subjected to conformation distributions in the host-guest system. Acridine-type flexible donors have a broad conformation distribution or bimodal distribution, in which some conformers feature large singlet-triplet energy gap, leading to long excited state lifetime. Utilization of rigid donors with steric hindrance can restrict the conformation distributions in the film to achieve degenerate singlet and triplet states, which is beneficial to efficient reverse intersystem crossing. Based on this principle, three prototype thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with confined conformation distributions are developed, achieving high reverse intersystem crossing rate constants greater than 106 s-1, which enable highly efficient solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes with suppressed efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Denghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yanmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | | | - Xiaomei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Deli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yiyang Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
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22
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Ye W, Wang Y, Cao T, Meng H, Wang C, Hu B, Gao Z, Wang C. Respiration-Responsive Colorful Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Materials and Assembly-Induced Phosphorescence Enhancement Strategies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207403. [PMID: 36775952 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It is still very challenging to obtain colorful and long-afterglow room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials from pure organic polymers. Herein, it is found that chitosan (CS), a natural polymer, not only has its own RTP, but also reacts with different phosphorescent molecules to obtain a multicolor, long-afterglow RTP material. CS can emit RTP with a lifetime of 48 ms. In addition, CS is rich in amino groups, and grafting different phosphorescent molecules onto CS by an amidation reaction can modulate it to emit different colors of phosphorescence and obtain a series of colorful CS derivatives. The obtained polymer films also have ultra-long RTP due to the good film-forming ability. In addition, one of the CS derivatives selected with α-cyclodextrin is used to construct RTP materials with lifetimes of up to seconds. The host-guest interactions are used to suppress nonradiative relaxation and build crystalline domains, thus synergistically enhancing the RTP. Interestingly, the RTP properties of the CS derivative films are extremely sensitive to water and heat stimuli, because water broke the hydrogen bonds between adjacent CS molecules and thus altered the rigid environment in the material. Finally, they can be used as a stimuli-responsive ink and for monitoring environmental humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Ye
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yandong Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tengyang Cao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - He Meng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingxuan Hu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zeyu Gao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caiqi Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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23
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Wan Y, Li B, Liu Y, Wang D, Zhu L, Li Q, Yin H, Liu C, Jin M, Gao J, Shi Y. Turn-on stimuli-responsive switch: strategies for activating a new fluorescence channel by pressure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13017-13027. [PMID: 37157448 DOI: 10.1364/oe.481432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The stimulus-responsive smart switching of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features has attracted considerable attention in 4D information encryption, optical sensors and biological imaging. Nevertheless, for some AIE-inactive triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives, activating the fluorescence channel of TPA remains a challenge based on their intrinsic molecular configuration. Here, we took a new design strategy for opening a new fluorescence channel and enhancing AIE efficiency for (E)-1-(((4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)imino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol. The turn-on methodology employed is based on pressure induction. Combining ultrafast and Raman spectra with high-pressure in situ showed that activating the new fluorescence channel stemmed from restraining intramolecular twist rotation. Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and intramolecular vibration were restricted, which induced an increase in AIE efficiency. This approach provides a new strategy for the development of stimulus-responsive smart-switch materials.
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24
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Xu L, Mo Y, Su N, Shi C, Sun N, Zhang Y, Duan L, Lu ZH, Ding J. D-O-A based organic phosphors for both aggregation-induced electrophosphorescence and host-free sensitization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1678. [PMID: 36966127 PMCID: PMC10039947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pure organic phosphors capable of room-temperature phosphorescence show a great potential in organic light-emitting diodes, while it is limited by the big challenge to realize efficient electroluminescence under electric excitation. Herein, we develop a class of organic phosphors based on acridine as the electron donor, triazine as the electron acceptor and oxygen as the bridge between them. Benefitting from the characteristic donor-oxygen-acceptor geometry, these compounds are found to behave an exciting aggregation-induced organic room-temperature electrophosphorescence, and achieve a record-high external quantum efficiency of 15.8% for non-doped devices. Furthermore, they can sensitize multi-resonant emitters in the absence of any additional wide bandgap host, leading to an effective narrowband emission with a peak external quantum efficiency of 26.4% and a small full-width at half maximum of 26 nm. The results clearly indicate that donor-oxygen-acceptor geometry is a promising strategy to design organic phosphors suitable for organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Mo
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Su
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Changshen Shi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Sun
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Junqiao Ding
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, 650092, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Matsumoto S, Takamori M, Akazome M. Bathochromic Shift of Fluorescence Peak in Dipyrrolo[1,2- a:2',1'- c]quinoxaline by Introducing Each of Electron-Donating and Electron-Withdrawing Substituent. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072896. [PMID: 37049656 PMCID: PMC10096015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of organic fluorophore is an important theme. Especially, the fluorophores with longer fluorescence peaks are useful to biological probes. One of the methods to change the fluorescence peak is the introduction of substituents. However, opposing characteristics of the substituents lead to different changes in the fluorescence peaks. Furthermore, the introduction of the substituent also affects their electric properties. Thus, if the materials were developed with the substituent effect on the optical and electric properties separately, it will be useful to design the functional materials related to both optical and electric properties. Herein, we investigated the substituent effect of dipyrrolo[1,2-a:2',1'-c]quinoxalines on fluorescence properties. We synthesized the compounds bearing electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents at the benzene ring on dipyrrolo[1,2-a:2',1'-c]quinoxaline, which would have more direct influence on the optical properties. By introducing each substituent at the 6 position of dipyrrolo[1,2-a:2',1'-c]quinoxaline, the bathochromic shift was observed in the fluorescence spectra. In the case of fluorine substituent, the change of the fluorescence peak reached was about 19 nm. Using a TDDFT calculation, we explained the reason for such a substituent effect that large on the increment of LUMO energy or decrement of HOMO energy occurred by introducing electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents at the 6 position, respectively. The substituent effect on the change of orbital energies is typical although the different characteristics of substituents resulted in the similar tendency about the change of fluorescence peak. Furthermore, with the introduction of phenyl substituents at the 3 and 10 positions, we achieved 40-50 nm longer fluorescence peaks compared with that of the original dipyrrolo[1,2-a:2',1'-c]quinoxaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Makoto Takamori
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Motohiro Akazome
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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26
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Ai L, Song Z, Nie M, Yu J, Liu F, Song H, Zhang B, Waterhouse GIN, Lu S. Solid-state Fluorescence from Carbon Dots Widely Tunable from Blue to Deep Red through Surface Ligand Modulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217822. [PMID: 36537873 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) find widespread attention due to their remarkable fluorescent and electronic properties. However, aggregation-caused quenching currently limits the application of CDs in colored displays. The construction of CDs with color-tunable solid-state fluorescence (SSF) is rarely reported, since the preparation of SSF CDs is technically challenging. Herein, through surface ligand modulation, SSF CDs with an emission-color span of almost 300 nm (from blue to deep red) were obtained. In-depth structure-property studies reveal that intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen-bonding inside SSF CDs provokes the emission properties in the aggregated state. Photodynamic characterizations demonstrate emission wavelengths can be switched smoothly by deliberately altering conjugation ability between substituent ligands and CDs core. Three-dimensional printing patterning is used to create a range of emissive objects, demonstrating the commercial potential for use in optical lamps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ziqi Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Mingjun Nie
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jingkun Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Fukang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | | | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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27
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Wang G, Chen X, Liu J, Ding S, Zhang K. Advanced charge transfer technology for highly efficient and long-lived TADF-type organic afterglow with near-infrared light-excitable property. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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28
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Xiao Y, Zheng K, Zhang N, Wang Y, Yan J, Wang D, Liu X. Facile Synthesis of Tetraphenylethene (TPE)-Based Fluorophores Derived by π-Extended Systems: Opposite Mechanofluorochromism, Anti-Counterfeiting and Bioimaging. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203772. [PMID: 36746746 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although remarkable progresses are achieved in the design and development of the mono-shift in photoluminescence for mechanofluorochromic materials, it is still a severe challenge to explore the opposite mechanofluorochromic materials with both blue- and red-shifted photoluminescence. Herein, two unprecedented 4,5-bis(TPE)-1H-imidazole fused pyridine or quinoline-based fluorophores X-1 and X-2 were designed and synthesized, and X-1 and X-2, exhibit completely opposite mechanofluorochromic behavior. Under UV lamp, the color of pristine X-1 changed from blue to green with reversible redshifted 27 nm in fluorescence emission spectra after ground, while the color of pristine X-2 changed from red to yellow with reversible blue-shifted 74 nm after ground. The detailed characterizations (including PXRD, SEM and DSC) confirmed that this opposite mechanofluorochromism was attributed to the transformation of order-crystalline and amorphous states. The crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculation further explain that opposite mechanofluorochromic behavior take into account different π-π stacking mode by induced π-extended systems. In addition, these TPE-based fluorophores (X-1 and X-2) exhibited excellent bio-compatibility and fluorescence properties for bio-imaging, writable data storage and anti-counterfeiting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xiao
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Nuonuo Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Yanlan Wang
- Department of chemistry and chemical engineering, 252059, Liaocheng, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Yan
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, P.R. China
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29
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Wang X, Wu X, Wang T, Wu Y, Shu H, Cheng Z, Zhao L, Tian H, Tong H, Wang L. A high-contrast polymorphic difluoroboron luminogen with efficient RTP and TADF emissions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1377-1380. [PMID: 36649148 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple N,S-chelated four-coordinated difluoroboron-based emitter is reported with three polymorphs, which emit high contrast green (G), yellow (Y) and red (R) light. Interestingly, the G and R-Crystals show different thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) at 530 nm and 630 nm with a remarkable emission spectral shift of up to 100 nm, while the Y-Crystal exhibits room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) at around 570 nm with a high solid-state quantum yield of 77%. Single crystal analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that different molecular conformations and packing modes lead to distinct triplet exciton conversion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hui Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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30
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Wu H, Shi YZ, Wang K, Yu J, Zhang XH. Conformational isomeric thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters: mechanism, applications, and perspectives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2729-2741. [PMID: 36633179 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have received enormous attention and the mechanism behind them has been investigated in depth. It has been found that some donor-acceptor (D-A) type TADF emitters could obviously exhibit dual stable conformations in the ground states and their distributions significantly affect the physical properties and device performances. Therefore, professional analysis and a summary of the relationship between molecular structures and performances are very important. In this review, we first summarize the mechanism and properties of TADF emitters with conformational isomerism. We also classify their recent progress according to their different applications, and provide an outlook on their perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Zhong Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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31
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Gao M, Tian Y, Li X, Gong Y, Fang M, Yang J, Li Z. The Effect of Molecular Conformations and Simulated "Self-Doping" in Phenothiazine Derivatives on Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214908. [PMID: 36449343 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The research of purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials has drawn great attention for their wide potential applications. Besides single-component and host-guest doping systems, the self-doping with same molecule but different conformations in one state is also a possible way to construct RTP materials, regardless of its rare investigation. In this work, twenty-four phenothiazine derivatives with two distinct molecular conformations were designed and their RTP behaviors in different states were systematically studied, with the aim to deeply understand the self-doping effect on the corresponding RTP property. While the phenothiazine derivatives with quasi-axial (ax) conformation presented better RTP performance in aggregated state, the quasi-equatorial (eq) ones were better in isolated state. Accordingly, the much promoted RTP performance was achieved in the stimulated self-doping state with ax-conformer as host and eq-one as guest, demonstrating the significant influence of self-doping on RTP effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Gao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanxiang Gong
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Manman Fang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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32
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Shi Y, Zeng Y, Kucheryavy P, Yin X, Zhang K, Meng G, Chen J, Zhu Q, Wang N, Zheng X, Jäkle F, Chen P. Dynamic B/N Lewis Pairs: Insights into the Structural Variations and Photochromism via Light-Induced Fluorescence to Phosphorescence Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213615. [PMID: 36287039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultralong afterglow emissions due to room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are of paramount importance in the advancement of smart sensors, bioimaging and light-emitting devices. We herein present an efficient approach to achieve rarely accessible phosphorescence of heavy atom-free organoboranes via photochemical switching of sterically tunable fluorescent Lewis pairs (LPs). LPs are widely applied in and well-known for their outstanding performance in catalysis and supramolecular soft materials but have not thus far been exploited to develop photo-responsive RTP materials. The intramolecular LP M1BNM not only shows a dynamic response to thermal treatment due to reversible N→B coordination but crystals of M1BNM also undergo rapid photochromic switching. As a result, unusual emission switching from short-lived fluorescence to long-lived phosphorescence (rad-M1BNM, τRTP =232 ms) is observed. The reported discoveries in the field of Lewis pairs chemistry offer important insights into their structural dynamics, while also pointing to new opportunities for photoactive materials with implications for fast responsive detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Pavel Kucheryavy
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jinfa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
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33
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Zhang Z, Jin X, Sun X, Su J, Qu DH. Vibration-induced emission: Dynamic multiple intrinsic luminescence. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Liu H, Ren DD, Gao PF, Zhang K, Wu YP, Fu HR, Ma LF. Multicolor-tunable room-temperature afterglow and circularly polarized luminescence in chirality-induced coordination assemblies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13922-13929. [PMID: 36544724 PMCID: PMC9710219 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05353e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic long-lived multicolor room temperature afterglow and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are promising for optoelectronic applications, but integration of these functions into a single-phase chiroptical material is still a difficult and meaningful challenge. Here, a nitrogen-doped benzimidazole molecule 1H-1,2,3-triazolopyridine (Trzpy) showing pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) acted as a linker, and then, we propose a chirality-induced coordination assembly strategy to prepare homochiral crystal materials. Two homochiral coordination polymers DCF-10 and LCF-10 not only exhibit multicolor-tunable RTP, the color changed from green to orange under various excitation wavelengths, but also show remarkable excitation-dependent circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and the dissymmetry factors of CPL in DCF-10 and LCF-10 are 1.8 × 10-3 and 2.4 × 10-3, respectively. Experimental and theoretical studies demonstrated that molecular atmospheres with different aggregation degrees give rise to multiple emission centers for the generation of multicolor-tunable emission. The multicolor-tunable photophysical properties endowed LCF-10 with a huge advantage for multi-level anti-counterfeiting. This work opens up new perspectives for the development and application of color-tunable RTP and CPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934P. R. China,College of Materials and Chemical Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934P. R. China,College of Materials and Chemical Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934P. R. China,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934P. R. China,College of Materials and Chemical Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002P. R. China
| | - Ya-Pan Wu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ru Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934P. R. China,College of Materials and Chemical Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002P. R. China
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934P. R. China
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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Selected Phenothiazines and Phenazines Rationalized Based on DFT Calculation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217519. [PMID: 36364378 PMCID: PMC9653876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Two unique structures were isolated from the phosphorylation reaction of 10H-phenothiazine. The 5,5-dimethyl-2-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane 2-oxide (2a) illustrates the product of N-phosphorylation of phenothiazine. Moreover, a potential product of 2a instability, a thiophosphoric acid 2b, was successfully isolated and structurally characterized. Molecule 2a, similarly to sulfoxide derivative 3, possesses interesting phosphorescence properties due to the presence of d-pπ bonds. The X-ray, NMR, and DFT computational studies indicate that compound 2a exhibits an anomeric effect. Additionally, the syntheses of selected symmetrical and unsymmetrical pyridine-embedded phenazines were elaborated. To compare the influence of phosphorus and sulfur atoms on the structural characteristics of 10H-phenothiazine derivatives, the high-quality crystals of (4a,12a-dihydro-12H-benzo[5,6][1,4]thiazino[2,3-b]quinoxalin-12-yl)(phenyl)methanone (1) and selected phenazines 5,12-diisopropyl-3,10-dimethyldipyrido[3,2-a:3′,2′-h]phenazine (5) and 5-isopropyl-N,N,3-trimethylpyrido[3,2-a]phenazin-10-amine (6a) were obtained. The structures of molecules 1, 2a, 2-mercapto-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane 2-oxide (2b), 3,7-dinitro-10H-phenothiazine 5-oxide (3), 5 and 6a were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements.
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Yang Y, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Guan T, Zhang Q, Qin C, Jiang K, Liu Y. Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of a Carbazole-Based Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Molecule: Real-Time Monitoring of Singlet-Triplet Transitions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9381-9389. [PMID: 36190283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of singlet-triplet transitions is an effective tool for studying room-temperature phosphorescent molecules. For femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy of a 2,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl) pyridine molecule in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the stimulated emission signal (380 nm) and the excited-state absorption signal (650 nm) reach their maximum intensity within 397 fs. Subsequently, the two signals decay with time and the triplet-triplet absorption (TTA) signal (400 nm) is enhanced synchronously, accompanied by an isosbestic point at 491 nm. These results confirm intersystem crossing (ISC) within 2.5 ns. Moreover, the TTA signal (400 nm) in nanosecond TA spectroscopy gradually disappeared, accompanied by a phosphorescence lifetime of 4.1 μs. As the solvent polarity decreases (DMSO > N,N-dimethylformamide > 1,4-dioxane > toluene), similar spectral dynamic processes are observed, while the durations of ISC processes and phosphorescence lifetimes are shortened. This combined femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy study presents the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of organic phosphorescent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Zhinan Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Tiantian Guan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Chaochao Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
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37
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Zheng Y, Zuo L, Zhang L, Huang Z, Li S, Yang Z, Mao Z, Luo S, Liu C, Sun F, Shi G, Chi Z, Xu B. Remarkable mechanochromism and force-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence enhancement from white-light-emitting organic luminogens with aggregation-induced emission. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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38
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Zhou B, Qi Z, Yan D. Highly Efficient and Direct Ultralong All-Phosphorescence from Metal-Organic Framework Photonic Glasses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208735. [PMID: 35819048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Realizing efficient and ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is highly desirable but remains a challenge due to the inherent competition between excited state lifetime and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein, we report the bottom-up self-assembly of transparent metal-organic framework (MOF) bulk glasses exhibiting direct ultralong all-phosphorescence (lifetime: 630.15 ms) with a PLQY of up to 75 % at ambient conditions. These macroscopic MOF glasses have high Young's modulus and hardness, which provide a rigid environment to reduce non-radiative transitions and boost triplet excitons. Spectral technologies and theoretical calculations demonstrate the photoluminescence of MOF glasses is directly derived from the different triplet excited states, indicating the great capability for color-tunable afterglow emission. We further developed information storage and light-emitting devices based on the efficient and pure RTP of the fabricated MOF photonic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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39
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Hayduk M, Schaller T, Niemeyer FC, Rudolph K, Clever GH, Rizzo F, Voskuhl J. Phosphorescence Induction by Host‐Guest Complexation with Cyclodextrins – The Role of Regioisomerism and Affinity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201081. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hayduk
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), ZMB and CENIDE University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Torsten Schaller
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), ZMB and CENIDE University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Felix C. Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), ZMB and CENIDE University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Kevin Rudolph
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), ZMB and CENIDE University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Technische Universität Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Fabio Rizzo
- Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies “G. Natta” (SCITEC) National Research Council (CNR) via G. Fantoli 16/15 20138 Milano Italy
- Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Busso-Peus-Str. 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Jens Voskuhl
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), ZMB and CENIDE University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 Essen 45141 Germany
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40
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Dai M, Zhou B, Fang X, Yan D. Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskitoid Micro/nanosheets: Colorful Ultralong Phosphorescence, Delayed Fluorescence, and Anisotropic Optical Waveguide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40223-40231. [PMID: 35998354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular persistent luminescence, such as room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), have attracted broad attention in the fields of biological imaging, information security, and optoelectronic devices. However, the development of molecular micro/nanostructures combining both RTP and TADF properties is still in an early stage. Herein, a new type of organic metal hybrid perovskitoid (OMHP) two-dimensional (2D) microcrystal has been fabricated through a facile solution method. The long-lived TADF-RTP dual emission can be highly tuned by changing the excitation wavelength, temperature, and decayed time. Moreover, the 2D OMHP microsheet exhibits an asymmetric and anisotropic optical waveguide with low optical loss coefficient, together with extremely high linearly polarized fluorescence-phosphorescence emission (anisotropy = 0.96), which is promising for the development of polarization-sensitive luminescent materials. Therefore, this work not only demonstrates new OMHP showing colorful persistent luminescence under different modes (such as excitation wavelength, temperature, polarization, lifetime, and dimension) but also takes advantage of the 2D micro/nanostructure to provide potential applications as optical logic gates and for delicate multiple information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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41
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Zhou B, Qi Z, Yan D. Highly Efficient and Direct Ultralong All‐Phosphorescence from Metal−Organic Framework Photonic Glasses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Beijing Normal University College of Chemistry 100875 CHINA
| | - Zhenhong Qi
- Beijing Normal University College of Chemistry 100875 CHINA
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Normal University College of Chemistry Xinjiekouwai street, No. 19, Haidian District 100875 BEIJING CHINA
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42
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Chong KC, Chen C, Zhou C, Chen X, Ma D, Bazan GC, Chi Z, Liu B. Structurally Resemblant Dopants Enhance Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201569. [PMID: 35561003 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Doping has shown very promising potential in endowing room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) properties of organic phosphors with minimal effort. Here, a new isomer design and doping strategy is reported that is applicable to dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives. Three isomers are synthesized to study the dopant effect on enhancing RTP of DBT derivatives. It is found that isomer dopants bearing close resemblance to the host with matched highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and small energy difference between singlet- and triplet-excited states can yield efficient RTP for the doped system. Meanwhile, phosphorescence color from yellow to red is achieved by varying isomer dopants used for doping the DBT derivatives. This work represents an RTP enhancement strategy based on isomer design and doping to construct luminescent organic phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Chan Chong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chengjian Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dongyu Ma
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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43
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Wu Z, Dinkelbach F, Kerner F, Friedrich A, Ji L, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Marder TB. Aggregation‐Induced Dual Phosphorescence from (
o
‐Bromophenyl)‐Bis(2,6‐Dimethylphenyl)Borane at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200525. [PMID: 35324026 PMCID: PMC9325438 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Designing highly efficient purely organic phosphors at room temperature remains a challenge because of fast non‐radiative processes and slow intersystem crossing (ISC) rates. The majority of them emit only single component phosphorescence. Herein, we have prepared 3 isomers (o, m, p‐bromophenyl)‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)boranes. Among the 3 isomers (o‐, m‐ and p‐BrTAB) synthesized, the ortho‐one is the only one which shows dual phosphorescence, with a short lifetime of 0.8 ms and a long lifetime of 234 ms in the crystalline state at room temperature. Based on theoretical calculations and crystal structure analysis of o‐BrTAB, the short lifetime component is ascribed to the T1M state of the monomer which emits the higher energy phosphorescence. The long‐lived, lower energy phosphorescence emission is attributed to the T1A state of an aggregate, with multiple intermolecular interactions existing in crystalline o‐BrTAB inhibiting nonradiative decay and stabilizing the triplet states efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Florian Kerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi An Shi 127 West Youyi Road 710072 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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44
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Zhang J, Zhu M, Lu Y, Zhang X, Xiao S, Lan H, Yi T. Design of Stimuli-Responsive Phenothiazine Derivatives with Triplet-Related Dual Emission and High-Contrast Mechanochromism Guided by Polymorph Prediction. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200458. [PMID: 35411643 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of high-contrast stimulus-responsive materials with excited triplet emission is of great significance for anti-counterfeiting, sensor and memory applications, but remains a challenge. Here, we report a strategy for the rational design of stimulus-responsive phenothiazine derivatives with triplet-related dual emissions and high-contrast mechanochromism guided by Polymorph Prediction. The designed phenothiazine derivatives have the characters of simple structures, a facile synthetic procedure, and a good crystalline nature. We found that the crystals of those derivatives with the potential to form both quasi-axial (ax) and quasi-equatorial (eq) conformations could undergo conformation transition and show significant emission difference (Δλem >100 nm) under mechanical force. Meanwhile, all these phenothiazine derivatives exhibit aggregation-induced emission and emit room-temperature phosphorescence or thermally activated delayed fluorescence. The significant luminescent change of these materials under different stimuli gives them promise for applications in encryption and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Mengna Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, Institution East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhang Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Haichuang Lan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
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45
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Gao Y, Liao Q, Li M, Han M, Huang A, Dang Q, Li Q, Li Z. Expounding the Relationship between Molecular Conformation and Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Property by Deviation Angle. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3251-3260. [PMID: 35388692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emitters with ultralong lifetimes are attracting more and more attention for their wide applications. However, it is still a big challenge to achieve persistent organic afterglow because of the undefined relationship between molecular structures and RTP effect. Herein, diphenylamine (DPA) as a commonly used building block is selected as the molecular skeleton. Through incorporation of various alkyl moieties by ortho-substitution in different numbers and positions, RTP lifetimes can increase from 129 to 661 ms with the subtle adjustment of molecular conformations. It is summarized that the deviation angle (θ) of phenyl units in the DPA skeleton from the ideal p-π conjugated plane can act as the key parameter determining RTP lifetime, and the larger the θ values, the longer the RTP lifetimes. Furthermore, this result has been successfully applied as the universal principle to explain the RTP properties of various organic luminogens with DPA blocks and similar structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyan Liao
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Menghan Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Arui Huang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Qianxi Dang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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Jiang H, Ye J, Hu P, Zhu S, Liang Y, Cui Z, Kloc C, Hu W. Growth direction dependent separate-channel charge transport in the organic weak charge-transfer co-crystal of anthracene-DTTCNQ. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1057-1067. [PMID: 35048097 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01767e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystallization is an efficient way of molecular crystal engineering to tune the electronic properties of organic semiconductors. In this work, we synthesized anthracene-4,8-bis(dicyanomethylene)4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']-dithiophene (DTTCNQ) single crystals as a template to study the crystal growth direction dependent charge transport properties and attempted to elucidate the mechanism by proposing a separate-channel charge transport model. Single-crystal anthracene-DTTCNQ field-effect transistors showed that ambipolar transport properties could be observed in all crystal growth directions. Furthermore, upon changing the measured crystal directions, the electronic properties experienced a weak change from n-type dominated ambipolar, balanced ambipolar, to p-type dominated ambipolar properties. The theoretical calculations at density functional theory (DFT) and higher theory levels suggested that the anthracene-DTTCNQ co-crystal motif was a weak charge-transfer complex, in line with the experiment. Furthermore, the detailed theoretical analysis also indicated that electron or hole transport properties originated from separated channels formed by DTTCNQ or anthracene molecules. We thus proposed a novel separate-channel transport mechanism to support additional theoretical analysis and calculations. The joint experimental and theoretical efforts in this work suggest that the engineering of co-crystallization of weak charge-transfer complexes can be a practical approach for achieving tuneable ambipolar charge transport properties by the rational choice of co-crystal formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jun Ye
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138632, Singapore
| | - Peng Hu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yanqin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Christian Kloc
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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47
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Bas EE, Ulukan P, Monari A, Aviyente V, Catak S. Photophysical Properties of Benzophenone-Based TADF Emitters in Relation to Their Molecular Structure. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:473-484. [PMID: 35061385 PMCID: PMC8895462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are commonly used in various apparatus, including organic light-emitting device-based displays, as they remarkably improve the internal quantum efficiencies. Although there is a wide range of donor-acceptor-based compounds possessing TADF properties, in this computational study, we investigated TADF and some non-TADF chromophores, containing benzophenone or its structural derivatives as the acceptor core, together with various donor moieties. Following the computational modeling of the emitters, several excited state properties, such as the absorption spectra, singlet-triplet energy gaps (ΔEST), natural transition orbitals, and the topological ΦS indices, have been computed. Along with the donor-acceptor torsion angles and spin-orbit coupling values, these descriptors have been utilized to investigate potential TADF efficiency. Our study has shown that on the one hand, our photophysical/structural descriptors and computational methodologies predict the experimental results quite well, and on the other hand, our extensive benchmark can be useful to pinpoint the most promising functionals and descriptors for the study of benzophenone-based TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Esme Bas
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Ulukan
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F54000 Nancy, France.,Université de Paris and CNRS, ITODYS, F75006 Paris, France
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saron Catak
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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Du M, Shi Y, Zhou Q, Yin Z, Chen L, Shu Y, Sun G, Zhang G, Peng Q, Zhang D. White Emissions Containing Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Different Excited States of a D-π-A Molecule Depending on the Aggregate States. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104539. [PMID: 34939749 PMCID: PMC8844470 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of pure organic molecular materials with room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and their applications for white emitters have received significant attentions recently. Herein, a D-π-A molecule (DMACPPY) which can realize white emitting under ambient conditions both in the crystal state and the doped-film state by combining RTP with two fluorescent emissions is reported. The white emission from the crystalline sample of DMACPPY consists fluorescence from S2 (the second excited singlet state) and S1 (the first excited singlet state) along with RTP from T1 (the first excited triplet state), namely, SST-type white light. While, the white emission from the poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) film doped with DMACPPY contains fluorescences from S2 and S1 , and RTP from T2 (the second excited triplet state) rather than T1 (STS type). DMACPPY cannot exhibit white spectrum within alternative crystalline state since inferior RTP intensity despite similar ternary emissions. The results demonstrate that the emissive properties for excited states of DMACPPY can be tuned by changing the aggregate state from crystalline to dispersion state in PMMA film. This new RTP emitter fulfills the talent for white emitting and achieves dual-mode white emissions, invisibly, expands the application range for pure organic and heavy atom-free RTP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
- Department of ChemistryYanbian UniversityJilin133002China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Zheng Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yilin Shu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Yan Sun
- Department of ChemistryYanbian UniversityJilin133002China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Qian Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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49
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Li G, Jiang D, Shan G, Song W, Tong J, Kang D, Hou B, Mu Y, Shao K, Geng Y, Wang X, Su Z. Organic Supramolecular Zippers with Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence by a Dexter Energy Transfer Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Renmin Street No. 5268 Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Dongjiao Jiang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Renmin Street No. 5268 Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Guogang Shan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Renmin Street No. 5268 Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Weilin Song
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Renmin Street No. 5268 Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Jialin Tong
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Renmin Street No. 5268 Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Di Kang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Renmin Street No. 5268 Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Baoshan Hou
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Renmin Street No. 5268 Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Yingxiao Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Kuizhan Shao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Renmin Street No. 5268 Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Renmin Street No. 5268 Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Renmin Street No. 5268 Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Renmin Street No. 5268 Changchun 130024 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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50
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Li X, Wang G, Li J, Sun Y, Deng X, Zhang K. Intense Organic Afterglow Enabled by Molecular Engineering in Dopant-Matrix Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1587-1600. [PMID: 34963292 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report intense dopant-matrix afterglow systems with an afterglow efficiency (ΦAG) of 47% and an afterglow lifetime (τAG) of 1.3 s. Luminescent difluoroboron β-diketonate (BF2bdk) dopants and their deuterated counterparts are designed with naphthalene and carboxylic acid groups. After doping into benzoic acid (BA) matrices, room-temperature afterglow brightness and afterglow duration of the BF2bdk-BA materials have unexpectedly been found to reach the levels of those at 77 K, which indicates that hydrogen bonding between BF2bdk and BA, as well as the deuteration technique, can reduce knr + kq of BF2bdk triplets to very small values even at room temperature. Detailed studies reveal that the BF2bdk possesses typical 1ICT characters in the S1 state and distinct 3LE composition in the T1 state, and thus shows a high ΦISC and a small kP to obtain a high ΦAG and a long τAG. Besides, triplet-triplet annihilation has been found in the dopant-matrix system at high doping concentrations to further increase ΦAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaka Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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