1
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Cvetnić M, Šplajt R, Topić E, Rubčić M, Bregović N. Direct thermodynamic characterization of solid-state reactions by isothermal calorimetry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:67-75. [PMID: 37955204 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing importance of solid-state reactions, their thermodynamic characterization has largely remained unexplored. This is in part due to the lack of methodology for measuring the heat effects related to reactions between solid reactants. We address here this gap and report on the first direct thermodynamic study of chemical reactions between solid reactants by isothermal calorimetry. Three reaction classes, cationic host-guest complex formation, molecular co-crystallization, and Baeyer-Villiger oxidation were investigated, showcasing the versatility of the devised methodology to provide detailed insight into the enthalpy changes related to various reactions. The reliability of the method was confirmed by correlation with the values obtained via solution calorimetry using Hess's law. The thermodynamic characterization of solid-state reactions described here will enable a deeper understanding of the factors governing solid-state processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Cvetnić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac, 102/A, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia.
| | - Robert Šplajt
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac, 102/A, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia.
| | - Edi Topić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac, 102/A, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia.
| | - Mirta Rubčić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac, 102/A, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia.
| | - Nikola Bregović
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac, 102/A, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia.
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2
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Arakawa Y, Sogabe Y, Minagawa K, Oshimura M, Hirano T, Ute K, Imada Y. Immobilization of a flavin molecule onto poly(methacrylic acid)s and its application in aerobic oxidation catalysis: effect of polymer stereoregularity. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:289-293. [PMID: 36503933 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The isoalloxazine ring system, called flavin, was successfully immobilized on poly(methacrylic acid)s, PMAAs, with different tacticity via post-polymerization modification under suitable conditions. The resulting flavin-containing polymers showed catalytic activity for aerobic oxidation reactions, in which the polymer stereoregularity clearly influenced their catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Arakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Sogabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Keiji Minagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Oshimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Koichi Ute
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
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3
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Can deep eutectic solvents be the best alternatives to ionic liquids and organic solvents: A perspective in enzyme catalytic reactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:255-269. [PMID: 35835302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a new generation of green solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been considered as a promising alternative to classical organic solvents and ionic liquids (ILs). DESs are normally formed by two or more components via various h-bonds interactions. Up to date, four types of DESs are found, namely, type I DESs (formed by MClx, namely FeCl2, AlCl3, ZnCl2, CuCl2 and AgCl et al., and quaternary ammonium salts); type II DESs (formed by metal chloride hydrates and quaternary ammonium salts); type III DESs (formed by choline chlorides and different kinds of HBDs) and type IV DESs (formed by salts of transition metals and urea). DESs share many advantages, such as low vapor pressure, good substrate solubility and thermal stability, with ILs, and offering a high potential to be the medium of biocatalysis reactions. In this case, this paper reviews the applications of DESs in enzymatic reactions. Lipases are the most widely used enzyme in DESs systems as their versatile applications in various reactions and robustness. Interestingly, DESs can improve the efficiency of these reactions via enhancing the substrates solubility and the activity and stability of enzymes. Therefore, the directed engineering of DESs for special reactions such as degradation of polymers in high temperature or strong acid-base conditions will be one of the future perspectives of the investigation DESs.
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4
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Romanholo PVV, Razzino CA, Raymundo-Pereira PA, Prado TM, Machado SAS, Sgobbi LF. Biomimetic electrochemical sensors: New horizons and challenges in biosensing applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 185:113242. [PMID: 33915434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The urge to meet the ever-growing needs of sensing technology has spurred research to look for new alternatives to traditional analytical methods. In this scenario, the glucometer is the flagship of commercial electrochemical sensing platforms, combining selectivity, reliability and portability. However, other types of enzyme-based biosensors seldom achieve the market, in spite of the large and increasing number of publications. The reasons behind their commercial limitations concern enzyme denaturation, and the high costs associated with procedures for their extraction and purification. In this sense, biomimetic materials that seek to imitate the desired properties of natural enzymes and biological systems have come out as an appealing path for robust and sensitive electrochemical biosensors. We herein portray the historical background of these biomimicking materials, covering from their beginnings until the most impactful applications in the field of electrochemical sensing platforms. Throughout the discussion, we present and critically appraise the major benefits and the most significant drawbacks offered by the bioinspired systems categorized as Nanozymes, Synzymes, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), Nanochannels, and Metal Complexes. Innovative strategies of fabrication and challenging applications are further reviewed and evaluated. In the end, we ponder over the prospects of this emerging field, assessing the most critical issues that shall be faced in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro V V Romanholo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Claudia A Razzino
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, São José Dos Campos, SP, 12244-000, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago M Prado
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Sergio A S Machado
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Livia F Sgobbi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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5
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Srivastava V, Singh PK, Srivastava A, Singh PP. Synthetic applications of flavin photocatalysis: a review. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00925g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Encouraging developments in the field of photocatalysis in last decades, biomolecules namely flavins have been observed to act as a catalyst in several photoredox-catalysed synthetic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry
- CMP Degree College
- University of Allahabad
- Prayagraj 211002
- India
| | - Pravin K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- CMP Degree College
- University of Allahabad
- Prayagraj 211002
- India
| | - Arjita Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry
- CMP Degree College
- University of Allahabad
- Prayagraj 211002
- India
| | - Praveen P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- United College of Engineering & Research
- Prayagraj 211010
- India
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6
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Chen J, Ma Q, Li M, Wu W, Huang L, Liu L, Fang Y, Dong S. Coenzyme-dependent nanozymes playing dual roles in oxidase and reductase mimics with enhanced electron transport. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23578-23585. [PMID: 33225340 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06605b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although nanozymes overcome a series of shortcomings of natural enzymes, their wide applications are hampered due to their limited varieties. In this work, we propose a coenzyme-dependent nanozyme, a synergistic composite comprising zeolitic imidazolate frameworks encapsulated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and functionalized with a flavin mononucleotide (PEI/ZIF-FMN). The flavin mononucleotide (FMN) plays the role of a prosthetic group, and the positively charged NH2 groups in PEI readily provide the binding affinity to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which facilitates the electron transfer from NADH to FMN and terminal electron acceptors (such as O2) with a greatly enhanced (80 times) catalytic performance. The integrated nanoparticle-coenzyme composite works as an NADH oxidase mimic and couples with dehydrogenases for the tandem enzymatic reaction. PEI/ZIF-FMN also mediated the electron transfer from NADH to cytochrome c (Cyt c), thereby exhibiting Cyt c reductase-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China.
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7
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Oka M, Katsube D, Tsuji T, Iida H. Phototropin-Inspired Chemoselective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides: Aerobic Oxidative Heterocoupling of Thiols Using Flavin Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:9244-9248. [PMID: 33226236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the photochemical mechanism of a plant blue-light receptor, a unique flavin-based photocatalytic system was developed for the chemoselective heterocoupling of two different thiols, which enabled the facile synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides. Owing to the redox- and photo-organocatalysis of flavin, the coupling reaction took place under mild metal-free conditions and visible light irradiation with the use of air, which is recognized as the ideal green oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
| | - Daichi Katsube
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
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8
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Berlinck RGS, Bernardi DI, Fill T, Fernandes AAG, Jurberg ID. The chemistry and biology of guanidine secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:586-667. [PMID: 33021301 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00051e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2017-2019Guanidine natural products isolated from microorganisms, marine invertebrates and terrestrial plants, amphibians and spiders, represented by non-ribosomal peptides, guanidine-bearing polyketides, alkaloids, terpenoids and shikimic acid derived, are the subject of this review. The topics include the discovery of new metabolites, total synthesis of natural guanidine compounds, biological activity and mechanism-of-action, biosynthesis and ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Zhao L, Cai J, Li Y, Wei J, Duan C. A host-guest approach to combining enzymatic and artificial catalysis for catalyzing biomimetic monooxygenation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2903. [PMID: 32518257 PMCID: PMC7283336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct transfer of protons and electrons between two tandem reactions is still a great challenge, because overall reaction kinetics is seriously affected by diffusion rate of the proton and electron carriers. We herein report a host–guest supramolecular strategy based on the incorporation of NADH mimics onto the surface of a metal-organic capsule to encapsulate flavin analogues for catalytic biomimetic monooxygenations in conjunction with enzymes. Coupling an artificial catalysis and a natural enzymatic catalysis in the pocket of an enzyme, this host–guest catalyst–enzyme system allows direct proton and electron transport between two catalytic processes via NADH mimics for the monooxygenation of both cyclobutanones and thioethers. This host–guest approach, which involves the direct coupling of abiotic and biotic catalysts via a NADH-containing host, is quite promising compared to normal catalyst–enzyme systems, as it offers the key advantages of supramolecular catalysis in integrated chemical and biological synthetic sequences. Combining artificial and natural enzymes is a strategy to mimic biocatalytic processes with high efficiency and selectivity. This study reports a dual catalytic system composed of flavin adenine dinucleotide model and NADH mimics to catalyze the monooxygenation of cyclobutanones and thioethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, People's Republic of China. .,Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Chevalier Y, Lock Toy Ki Y, Herrero C, le Nouën D, Mahy JP, Goddard JP, Avenier F. Characterization in aqueous medium of an FMN semiquinone radical stabilized by the enzyme-like microenvironment of a modified polyethyleneimine. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4386-4389. [PMID: 32469356 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00864h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The elusive flavin semiquinone intermediate found in flavoproteins such as cryptochromes has been obtained in aqueous solution by single electron reduction of the natural FMN cofactor using sodium ascorbate. This species was formed in the local hydrophobic microenvironment of a modified polyethyleneimine and characterized by UV-Visible, fluorescence and EPR spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Chevalier
- ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris Saclay, rue du doyen Georges Poitou, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Yvette Lock Toy Ki
- LIMA, UMR CNRS 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, 68100 Mulhouse, France.
| | - Christian Herrero
- ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris Saclay, rue du doyen Georges Poitou, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Didier le Nouën
- LIMA, UMR CNRS 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, 68100 Mulhouse, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Mahy
- ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris Saclay, rue du doyen Georges Poitou, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- LIMA, UMR CNRS 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, 68100 Mulhouse, France.
| | - Frédéric Avenier
- ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris Saclay, rue du doyen Georges Poitou, 91405 Orsay, France.
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11
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Naim A, Chevalier Y, Bouzidi Y, Gairola P, Mialane P, Dolbecq A, Avenier F, Mahy JP. Aerobic oxidation catalyzed by polyoxometalates associated to an artificial reductase at room temperature and in water. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Four polyoxometalates (POMs) were combined with an artificial reductase based on polyethyleneimine (PEI) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) which is capable of delivering single electrons upon addition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Naim
- LCBB
- ICMMO
- Univ Paris-Sud
- Université Paris Saclay
- 91405 Orsay
| | - Yoan Chevalier
- LCBB
- ICMMO
- Univ Paris-Sud
- Université Paris Saclay
- 91405 Orsay
| | - Younes Bouzidi
- LCBB
- ICMMO
- Univ Paris-Sud
- Université Paris Saclay
- 91405 Orsay
| | | | - Pierre Mialane
- Université Paris Saclay
- UVSQ
- CNRS
- UMR 8180
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
| | - Anne Dolbecq
- Université Paris Saclay
- UVSQ
- CNRS
- UMR 8180
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
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12
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Desage‐El Murr M. Nature is the Cure: Engineering Natural Redox Cofactors for Biomimetic and Bioinspired Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Desage‐El Murr
- Institut de Chimie UMR 7177Université de Strasbourg 1 rue Blaise Pascal Strasbourg 67000 France
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13
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Zelenka J, Cibulka R, Roithová J. Flavinium Catalysed Photooxidation: Detection and Characterization of Elusive Peroxyflavinium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15412-15420. [PMID: 31364790 PMCID: PMC6852162 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flavin-based catalysts are photoactive in the visible range which makes them useful in biology and chemistry. Herein, we present electrospray-ionization mass-spectrometry detection of short-lived intermediates in photooxidation of toluene catalysed by flavinium ions (Fl+ ). Previous studies have shown that photoexcited flavins react with aromates by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) on the microsecond time scale. For Fl+ , PCET leads to FlH.+ with the H-atom bound to the N5 position. We show that the reaction continues by coupling between FlH.+ and hydroperoxy or benzylperoxy radicals at the C4a position of FlH.+ . These results demonstrate that the N5-blocking effect reported for alkylated flavins is also active after PCET in these photocatalytic reactions. Structures of all intermediates were fully characterised by isotopic labelling and by photodissociation spectroscopy. These tools provide a new way to study reaction intermediates in the sub-second time range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zelenka
- Department of Spectroscopy and CatalysisInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of organic chemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Chemistry and Technology PragueTechnická 5166 28Prague 6Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and CatalysisInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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14
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Zelenka J, Cibulka R, Roithová J. Flavinium Catalysed Photooxidation: Detection and Characterization of Elusive Peroxyflavinium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zelenka
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of organic chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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15
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Ngai C, Bogie PM, Holloway LR, Dietz PC, Mueller LJ, Hooley RJ. Cofactor-Mediated Nucleophilic Substitution Catalyzed by a Self-Assembled Holoenzyme Mimic. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12000-12008. [PMID: 31449754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A self-assembled Fe4L6 cage is capable of co-encapsulating multiple carboxylic acid containing guests in its cavity, and these acids can act as cofactors for cage-catalyzed nucleophilic substitutions. The kinetics of the substitution reaction depend on the size, shape, and binding affinity of each of the components, and small structural changes in guest size can have large effects on the reaction. The host is quite promiscuous and is capable of binding multiple guests with micromolar binding affinities while retaining the ability to effect turnover and catalysis. Substrate binding modes vary widely, from simple 1:1 complexes to 1:2 complexes that can show either negative or positive cooperativity, depending on the guest. The molecularity of the dissociative substitution reaction varies, depending on the electrophile leaving group, acid cofactor, and nucleophile size: small changes in the nature of substrate can have large effects on reaction kinetics, all controlled by selective molecular recognition in the cage interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Ngai
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Paul M Bogie
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Lauren R Holloway
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Phillip C Dietz
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Leonard J Mueller
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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16
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Xia A, Qi X, Mao X, Wu X, Yang X, Zhang R, Xiang Z, Lian Z, Chen Y, Yang S. Metal-Free Aerobic Oxidative Selective C-C Bond Cleavage in Heteroaryl-Containing Primary and Secondary Alcohols. Org Lett 2019; 21:3028-3033. [PMID: 30995066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free aerobic oxidative selective C-C bond-cleavage reaction in primary and secondary heteroaryl alcohols is reported. This reaction was highly efficient and tolerated various heteroaryl alcohols, generating a carboxylic acid derivative and a neutral heteroaromatic compound. Experimental studies combined with density functional theory calculations revealed the mechanism underlying the selective C-C bond cleavage. This strategy also provides an alternative simple approach to carboxylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Xueyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Xin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Xiaoai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Zhiyu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Zhong Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
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17
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Crocker L, Fruk L. Flavin Conjugated Polydopamine Nanoparticles Displaying Light-Driven Monooxygenase Activity. Front Chem 2019; 7:278. [PMID: 31080793 PMCID: PMC6497766 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid of flavin and polydopamine (PDA) has been explored as a photocatalyst, drawing inspiration from natural flavoenzymes. Light-driven monoxygenase activity has been demonstrated through the oxidation of indole under blue light irradiation in ambient conditions, to afford indigo and indirubin dyes. Compared to riboflavin, a flavin-polydopamine hybrid is shown to be more resistant to photobleaching and more selective toward dye production. In addition, it has been demonstrated that it can be recycled from the solution and used for up to four cycles without a marked loss of activity, which is a significant improvement compared to other heterogenous flavin catalysts. The mechanism of action has been explored, indicating that the PDA shell plays an important role in the stabilization of the intermediate flavin-peroxy species, an active component of the catalytic system rather than acting only as a passive nanocarrier of active centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Crocker
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Gao D, Jin F, Lee JK, Zare RN. Aqueous microdroplets containing only ketones or aldehydes undergo Dakin and Baeyer-Villiger reactions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10974-10978. [PMID: 32874488 PMCID: PMC7439776 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dakin and Baeyer-Villiger (BV) oxidation reactions require addition of peroxides as oxidants and an acid or a base as a catalyst. Reaction times range from hours to days to obtain target products. Previously, we reported that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is spontaneously generated in water microdroplets without any added chemicals or applied electrical potential. Here, we report that the Dakin and BV reactions occur in modest yields within milliseconds in aqueous microdroplets at room-temperature without the addition of external peroxides and catalysts. H2O2 generation is the result of the special environment of the microdroplet surface, which promotes water autoionization. We find that increasing the content of water and decreasing the droplet size improve the product yield of the Dakin and BV reactions, supporting the contention that the amount of H2O2 generated in aqueous microdroplets could induce the two reactions and the reactions occur at or near the air-water interface of the microdroplet surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA . .,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics , Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA . .,Shenzhen Deepdrug Information Technology Co. Ltd. , Shenzhen , 518052 , China
| | - Jae Kyoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
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