1
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Zhang Y, Abdi-Jalebi M, Larson BW, Zhang F. What Matters for the Charge Transport of 2D Perovskites? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404517. [PMID: 38779825 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Compared to 3D perovskites, 2D perovskites exhibit excellent stability, structural diversity, and tunable bandgaps, making them highly promising for applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. However, the trade-off for worse charge transport is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. This comprehensive review first discusses the structure of 3D and 2D metal halide perovskites, then summarizes the significant factors influencing charge transport in detail and provides a brief overview of the testing methods. Subsequently, various strategies to improve the charge transport are presented, including tuning A'-site organic spacer cations, A-site cations, B-site metal cations, and X-site halide ions. Finally, an outlook on the future development of improving the 2D perovskites' charge transport is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Bryon W Larson
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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2
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Ma K, Sun J, Dou L. Advances and challenges in molecular engineering of 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7824-7842. [PMID: 38963168 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02299h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been intensively studied in past decades due to their outstanding performance in solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. Recently, the emergence of two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) heterojunctions have enabled many solar cell devices with >25% power conversion efficiency, driven by advances in our understanding of the structural and photophysical properties of the heterojunctions and our ability to control these properties through organic cation configuration in 2D perovskites. In this feature article, we discuss a fundamental understanding of structural characteristics and the carrier dynamics in the 2D/3D heterojunctions and their impact factors. We further elaborate the design strategies for the molecular configuration of organic cations to achieve thorough management of these properties. Finally, recent advances in 2D/3D heterostructures in solar cells, light-emitting devices and photodetectors are highlighted, which translate fundamental understandings to device applications and also reveal the remaining challenges in ligand design for the next generation of stable devices. Future development prospects and related challenges are also provided, with wide perspectives and insightful thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Global Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jiaonan Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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3
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Laref R, Massuyeau F, Gautier R. Role of Hydrogen Bonding on the Design of New Hybrid Perovskites Unraveled by Machine Learning. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306481. [PMID: 37759386 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Selecting a set of reactants to accurately design a new low dimensional hybrid perovskite could greatly accelerate the discovery of materials with great potential in photovoltaics, or solid-state lighting. However, this design is challenging as most hybrid metal halides are not perovskites and no feature is clearly associated to the structural characteristics of the inorganic metal halide network. This work first demonstrates that the organic molecules are key parameters to determine the structure type of the inorganic network (i.e., perovskite versus non-perovskite). Then, machine learning (ML) algorithms are used to identify the key features of the organic cations leading to the perovskite structure type. Using a large dataset of hybrid metal halides, this work extracts the organic molecules of all hybrid lead halide compounds, calculates 2756 molecular descriptors and fingerprints for each of these molecules, and are able to predict through ML techniques if a specific organic amine will lead to the perovskite type with an accuracy up to 88.65%. Descriptors related to hydrogen bonding are identified as important features. Thus, a simple but reliable design principle could be demonstrated: the presence of primary ammonium cation is the primary condition to prepare hybrid lead halide perovskites regardless of their dimensionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Laref
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, 2 rue de la Houssinière, Nantes, 44322, France
| | - Florian Massuyeau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, 2 rue de la Houssinière, Nantes, 44322, France
| | - Romain Gautier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, 2 rue de la Houssinière, Nantes, 44322, France
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4
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Morana M, Kaiser W, Chiara R, Albini B, Meggiolaro D, Mosconi E, Galinetto P, De Angelis F, Malavasi L. Origin of Broad Emission Induced by Rigid Aromatic Ditopic Cations in Low-Dimensional Metal Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7860-7868. [PMID: 37638524 PMCID: PMC10494231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of broadband emitters based on metal halide perovskites (MHPs) requires the elucidation of structure-emission property correlations. Herein, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on a series of novel low-dimensional lead chloride perovskites, including ditopic aromatic cations. Synthesized lead chloride perovskites and their bromide analogues show both narrow and broad photoluminescence emission properties as a function of their cation and halide nature. Structural analysis shows a correlation between the rigidity of the ditopic cations and the lead halide octahedral distortions. Density functional theory calculations reveal, in turn, the pivotal role of octahedral distortions in the formation of self-trapped excitons, which are responsible for the insurgence of broad emission and large Stokes shifts together with a contribution of halide vacancies. For the considered MHP series, the use of conventional octahedral distortion parameters allows us to nicely describe the trend of emission properties, thus providing a solid guide for further materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Morana
- Department
of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Waldemar Kaiser
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio
Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Rossella Chiara
- Department
of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Benedetta Albini
- Department
of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio
Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio
Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Pietro Galinetto
- Department
of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio
Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Perugia 06123, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and INSTM, Perugia 06123, Italy
- SKKU
Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST) Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department
of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy
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5
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Li P, Cao X, Li J, Jiao B, Hou X, Hao F, Ning Z, Bian Z, Xi J, Ding L, Wu Z, Dong H. Ligand Engineering in Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:167. [PMID: 37395847 PMCID: PMC10317948 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted aggressive attention in the photovoltaic field in light of the rapid increasing power conversion efficiency. However, their large-scale application and commercialization are limited by the toxicity issue of lead (Pb). Among all the lead-free perovskites, tin (Sn)-based perovskites have shown potential due to their low toxicity, ideal bandgap structure, high carrier mobility, and long hot carrier lifetime. Great progress of Sn-based PSCs has been realized in recent years, and the certified efficiency has now reached over 14%. Nevertheless, this record still falls far behind the theoretical calculations. This is likely due to the uncontrolled nucleation states and pronounced Sn (IV) vacancies. With insights into the methodologies resolving both issues, ligand engineering-assisted perovskite film fabrication dictates the state-of-the-art Sn-based PSCs. Herein, we summarize the role of ligand engineering during each state of film fabrication, ranging from the starting precursors to the ending fabricated bulks. The incorporation of ligands to suppress Sn2+ oxidation, passivate bulk defects, optimize crystal orientation, and improve stability is discussed, respectively. Finally, the remained challenges and perspectives toward advancing the performance of Sn-based PSCs are presented. We expect this review can draw a clear roadmap to facilitate Sn-based PSCs via ligand engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhou Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Cao
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrui Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Ning
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuqiang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xi
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Dong
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Highly efficient perovskite solar cells by building 2D/3D perovskite heterojuction in situ for interfacial passivation and energy level adjustment. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Shao T, Ni HF, Su CY, Jia QQ, Xie LY, Fu DW, Lu HF. Integrated Reversible Thermochromism, High T c , Dielectric Switch and Narrow Band Gap in One Multifunctional Ferroic. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202533. [PMID: 36082618 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic Hybrid (OIH) materials for multifunctional switchable applications have attracted enormous attention in recent years due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and good structural tunability. However, it still remains challenging to fabricate one simple OIH compound with multi-functionals properties, such as dielectric switching, thermochromic properties, semiconductor characteristics and ferroelasticity. Under this context, we successfully synthesized [2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethan-1- ammonium]2 SnBr6 (compound 1), which has a higher phase transition temperature of 427.7 K. Additionally, it exhibits a semiconducting property with an indirect band gap of 2.36 eV. Combining ferroelastic, narrow band gap, thermochromic, and dielectric properties, compound 1 can be considered as a rarely reported multi-functional ferroelastic material, which is expected to give inspiration for broadening the applications in the smart devices field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shao
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Fei Ni
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Yuan Su
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P.R. China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Jia
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yan Xie
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Fu
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P.R. China.,Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Feng Lu
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P.R. China
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8
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Low-dimensional Sn-based perovskites: Evolution and future prospects of solar cells. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Joseph V, Xia J, Sutanto AA, Jankauskas V, Momblona C, Ding B, Rakstys K, Balasaravanan R, Pan CH, Ni JS, Yau SL, Sohail M, Chen MC, Dyson PJ, Nazeeruddin MK. Triarylamine-Functionalized Imidazolyl-Capped Bithiophene Hole Transporting Material for Cost-Effective Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22053-22060. [PMID: 35512181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triarylamine end-capped-functionalized arylene-imidazole derivatives were synthesized from readily accessible, inexpensive precursors and employed as hole transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). All the HTMs displayed high thermal decomposition temperatures (>410 °C), which is beneficial for realizing stable PSC devices. In addition, the new HTMs show appropriate energy level alignment with the perovskite layer, ensuring efficient hole transfer from perovskites to HTMs. Interestingly, PSCs fabricated with the triarylamine-functionalized imidazolyl-capped bithiophene molecule (DImBT-4D) as the HTM exhibited the best power conversion efficiency of 20.11%, comparable to that of the benchmark HTM spiro-OMeTAD, prompting it be a prospective candidate for large-scale PSC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellaichamy Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light-Driven Photovoltaic Module, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jianxing Xia
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Albertus Adrian Sutanto
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Vygintas Jankauskas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
| | - Cristina Momblona
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Bin Ding
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Kasparas Rakstys
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Rajendiran Balasaravanan
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light-Driven Photovoltaic Module, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Huang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light-Driven Photovoltaic Module, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shyang Ni
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Photo-sensitive Material Advanced Research and Technology Center (Photo-SMART), National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
| | - Shueh-Lin Yau
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light-Driven Photovoltaic Module, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Science Department, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 23874, Doha 4290, Qatar
| | - Ming-Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light-Driven Photovoltaic Module, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1951, Switzerland
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10
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Elattar A, Li W, Suzuki H, Kambe T, Nishikawa T, Kyaw AKK, Hayashi Y. Single Crystals of Mixed-Cation Copper-Based Perovskite with Trimodal Bandgap Behavior. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104316. [PMID: 35253943 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskites with novel functionalities and structural diversity are a perfect platform for emerging optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Here, we demonstrate that excess concentration of Cesium bromide (CsBr) is key to the formation of easily exfoliated 2D Cs2 Cu(Cl/Br)4 perovskite crystal. Furthermore, by employing this trick to 2D perovskite MA2 Cu(Cl/Br)4 (MA=methylammonium), we achieve a phase-pure easily exfoliated 2D mixed-cation (MA/Cs)2 Cu(Cl/Br)4 perovskite crystal, which exhibits reduced bandgap (1.53 eV) with ferromagnetic behavior and photovoltaic property. The resultant mixed-cation structured device reveals enhanced efficiency compared to all MA and all Cs counterparts. These findings demonstrate the importance of cation-engineering in developing innovative materials with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Elattar
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wenhui Li
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting and Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hiroo Suzuki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Kambe
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting and Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Planck Innovation Technology Co., Ltd, No. 8, Liuhe Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518100, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yasuhiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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11
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Parveen S, Giri PK. Emerging doping strategies in two-dimensional hybrid perovskite semiconductors for cutting edge optoelectronics applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:995-1025. [PMID: 36131773 PMCID: PMC9417862 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00709b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress in metal halide perovskites, particularly in lead (Pb) halide perovskites, because of their extraordinary performance in cutting-edge optoelectronic devices. However, the toxicity of Pb and the environmental stability of the perovskites are two major issues that this field is currently facing. In recent years, 2D layered perovskites have emerged as a promising alternative to the traditional 3D perovskites due to their structural flexibility and higher environmental stability, though they lack the desired level of device efficiency. Doping with target ions can drastically tune the crystal structure, optical properties, charge recombination dynamics, and electronic properties of the 2D perovskite. Although the field of doping in 2D perovskites has seen substantial growth in recent times, no comprehensive review is available on the recent advances in doping of 2D perovskites and its effect on the optoelectronic properties. In this review, we summarize the progress in doping in 2D perovskites based on different doping sites including progress in different synthesis strategies and their impact on crystal structures and various optoelectronic properties. We then highlight the recent achievements in doped 2D perovskites for photovoltaic, LED and other emerging applications. Finally, we conclude with the challenges and the future scope in the doping studies of 2D layered perovskites, which need to be addressed for further developments of next-generation 2D perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Parveen
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
| | - P K Giri
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
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12
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Abstract
Recently, perovskite solar cells have been in the spotlight due to several of their advantages. Among the components of PSCs, hole transporting materials (HTMs) re the most important factors for achieving high performance and a stable device. Here, we introduce a new D–π–D type hole transporting material incorporating Tips-anthracene as a π–conjugation part and dimethoxy-triphenylamine as a donor part (which can be easily synthesized using commercially available materials). Through the measurement of various optical properties, the new HTM not only has an appropriate energy level but also has excellent hole transport capability. The device with PEH-16 has a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 17.1% under standard one sun illumination with negligible hysteresis, which can be compared to a device using Spiro_OMeTAD under the same conditions. Ambient stability for 1200 h shown that 98% of PEH-16 device from the initial PCE was retained, indicating that the devices had good long-term stability.
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13
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Farahat AA, Iwamoto S, Roche M, Boykin DW. Facile synthesis of benzobisimidazole and bibenzimidazole‐based bisnitriles as potential precursors for
DNA
minor groove binders. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbasset A. Farahat
- Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences Program California Northstate University Elk Grove California USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Satori Iwamoto
- Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences Program California Northstate University Elk Grove California USA
| | - Michael Roche
- Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences Program California Northstate University Elk Grove California USA
| | - David W. Boykin
- Chemistry Department Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia USA
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14
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Ajayakumar A, Muthu C, V Dev A, Pious JK, Vijayakumar C. Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites: Approaches to Improve Optoelectronic Properties. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101075. [PMID: 34738734 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) halide perovskites (HPs) are in the spotlight of materials science research due to their excellent photonic and electronic properties suitable for functional device applications. However, the intrinsic instability of these materials stands as a hurdle in the way to their commercialization. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) HPs have emerged as an alternative to 3D perovskites, thanks to their excellent stability and tunable optoelectronic properties. Unlike 3D HPs, a library of 2D perovskites could be prepared by utilizing the unlimited number of organic cations since their formation is not within the boundary of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor. These materials have already proved their potential for applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, transistors, photodetectors, photocatalysis, etc. However, poor charge carrier separation and transport efficiencies of 2D HPs are the bottlenecks resulting in inferior device performances compared to their 3D analogs. This minireview focuses on how to address these issues through the adoption of different strategies and improve the optoelectronic properties of 2D perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avija Ajayakumar
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Chinnadurai Muthu
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Amarjith V Dev
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Johnpaul K Pious
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Chakkooth Vijayakumar
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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15
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Hu J, Zhang L, Song H, Lv Y. Evaluating the Band Gaps of Semiconductors by Cataluminescence. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14454-14461. [PMID: 34648272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient methodology for the evaluation of band gaps of semiconductors is highly desirable to analyze and assess the intrinsic properties and extending application scopes of semiconductor materials. Here, the negative correlation of the cataluminescence (CTL) signal in the presence of H2S and the band gap of Aurivillius-type perovskite oxide Bi4+nFenTi3O12+3n (n = 1-4) was confirmed, where the H2S-induced CTL signal acts as a probe to evaluate the band gaps of semiconductor materials. The related mechanism shows that the thermal energy obtained by heating makes the electrons in the valence band more easily excite into the conduction band of a narrower band gap material and further promotes electron transfer between the gaseous compounds and semiconductor materials, causing acceleration of the catalytic oxide process. In addition, the extensibility was further verified by exploring the layered perovskite containing other insertion structures, including Bi4+nConTi3O12+3n (n = 1-4), Bi5NiTi3O15, and Bi5MnTi3O15, which was also consistent with the results characterized by UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The established CTL probe for band gap evaluation shows rapid response, is simple to operate, and is of low cost, which is expected to become an innovative alternative to the conventional band gap assessment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Hu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Hongjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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16
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Ye J, Byranvand MM, Martínez CO, Hoye RLZ, Saliba M, Polavarapu L. Defect Passivation in Lead-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals and Thin Films: Toward Efficient LEDs and Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21636-21660. [PMID: 33730428 PMCID: PMC8518834 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskites (LHPs), in the form of both colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) and thin films, have emerged over the past decade as leading candidates for next-generation, efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells. Owing to their high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), LHPs efficiently convert injected charge carriers into light and vice versa. However, despite the defect-tolerance of LHPs, defects at the surface of colloidal NCs and grain boundaries in thin films play a critical role in charge-carrier transport and nonradiative recombination, which lowers the PLQYs, device efficiency, and stability. Therefore, understanding the defects that play a key role in limiting performance, and developing effective passivation routes are critical for achieving advances in performance. This Review presents the current understanding of defects in halide perovskites and their influence on the optical and charge-carrier transport properties. Passivation strategies toward improving the efficiencies of perovskite-based LEDs and solar cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge19, JJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 4770569StuttgartGermany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNERIEK5-PhotovoltaikForschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
| | - Clara Otero Martínez
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoMaterials Chemistry and Physics GroupDepartment of Physical ChemistryCampus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende36310VigoSpain
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 4770569StuttgartGermany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNERIEK5-PhotovoltaikForschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoMaterials Chemistry and Physics GroupDepartment of Physical ChemistryCampus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende36310VigoSpain
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17
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Liang A, Gao Y, Asadpour R, Wei Z, Finkenauer BP, Jin L, Yang J, Wang K, Chen K, Liao P, Zhu C, Huang L, Boudouris BW, Alam MA, Dou L. Ligand-Driven Grain Engineering of High Mobility Two-Dimensional Perovskite Thin-Film Transistors. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15215-15223. [PMID: 34516736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Controlling grain growth is of great importance in maximizing the charge carrier transport for polycrystalline thin-film electronic devices. The thin-film growth of halide perovskite materials has been manipulated via a number of approaches including solvent engineering, composition engineering, and post-treatment processes. However, none of these methods lead to large-scale atomically flat thin films with extremely large grain size and high charge carrier mobility. Here, we demonstrate a novel π-conjugated ligand design approach for controlling the thin-film nucleation and growth kinetics in two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites. By extending the π-conjugation and increasing the planarity of the semiconducting ligand, nucleation density can be decreased by more than 5 orders of magnitude. As a result, wafer-scale 2D perovskite thin films with highly ordered crystalline structures and extremely large grain size are readily obtained. We demonstrate high-performance field-effect transistors with hole mobility approaching 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 with ON/OFF current ratios of ∼106 and excellent stability and reproducibility. Our modeling analysis further confirms the origin of enhanced charge transport and field and temperature dependence of the observed mobility, which allows for clear deciphering of the structure-property relationships in these nascent 2D semiconductor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.,Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yao Gao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Reza Asadpour
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zitang Wei
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Blake P Finkenauer
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Linrui Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Peilin Liao
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Alam
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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18
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Hsu SN, Zhao W, Gao Y, Segovia M, Xu X, Boudouris BW, Dou L. Thermoelectric Performance of Lead-Free Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites Featuring Conjugated Ligands. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7839-7844. [PMID: 34469174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sn-based halide perovskites are promising for thermoelectric (TE) device applications because of their high electrical conductivity as well as the low thermal conductivity associated with their soft lattices. However, conventional three-dimensional Sn-based perovskites are not stable under typical TE device operating conditions. Here, we report a stable two-dimensional Sn-based perovskite for thermoelectric energy conversion by incorporating bulky conjugated ligands. We demonstrate a thin film with a large power factor of 5.42 ± 3.07 (average) and 7.07 (champion) μW m-1 K-2 at 343 K with an electrical conductivity of 5.07 S cm-1 and a Seebeck coefficient of 118.1 μV K-1. Importantly, these thin films show excellent operational stability (i.e., for over 100 h) at 313 K. This work suggests that the novel hybrid two-dimensional perovskites are a promising platform for thermoelectric energy conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ning Hsu
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yao Gao
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mauricio Segovia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xianfan Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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19
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Yang SJ, Kim D, Choi J, Kim SH, Park K, Ryu S, Cho K. Enhancing Thermoelectric Power Factor of 2D Organometal Halide Perovskites by Suppressing 2D/3D Phase Separation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102797. [PMID: 34331341 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskites (OHPs) exhibit superior charge transport characteristics and ultralow thermal conductivities. However, thermoelectric (TE) applications of OHPs have been limited because of difficulties in controlling their carrier concentration, which is a key to optimizing their TE properties. Here, facile control of the carrier concentration in Sn-based OHPs is achieved by developing 2D crystal structures. The 2D OHP crystals are laterally oriented using a mixed solvent, and the morphology and crystal structure of the coexisting 2D/3D hybrid structures are systematically controlled via doping with methylammonium chloride. The effective number neff of inorganic octahedron layers in the 2D OHPs shows a strong positive correlation with the carrier concentration. Moreover, the 2D structure induces the quantum confinement effect, which enhances both the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity. A 2D OHP shows a high power factor of 111 µW m-1 K-2 , which is an order of magnitude greater than the power factor of its 3D counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Joo Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Daegun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jinhyeok Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Kwanghee Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Sunmin Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
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20
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Li T, Luo S, Wang X, Zhang L. Alternative Lone-Pair ns 2 -Cation-Based Semiconductors beyond Lead Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008574. [PMID: 34060151 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have emerged in the last decade as advantageous high-performance optoelectronic semiconductors, and have undergone rapid development for diverse applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes , and photodetectors. While material instability and lead toxicity are still major concerns hindering their commercialization, they offer promising prospects and design principles for developing promising optoelectronic materials. The distinguished optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskites stem from the Pb2+ cation with a lone-pair 6s2 electronic configuration embedded in a mixed covalent-ionic bonding lattice. Herein, we summarize alternative Pb-free semiconductors containing lone-pair ns2 cations, intending to offer insights for developing potential optoelectronic materials other than lead halide perovskites. We start with the physical underpinning of how the ns2 cations within the material lattice allow for superior optoelectronic properties. We then review the emerging Pb-free semiconductors containing ns2 cations in terms of structural dimensionality, which is crucial for optoelectronic performance. For each category of materials, the research progresses on crystal structures, electronic/optical properties, device applications, and recent efforts for performance enhancements are overviewed. Finally, the issues hindering the further developments of studied materials are surveyed along with possible strategies to overcome them, which also provides an outlook on the future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shulin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinjiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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21
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McNulty JA, Lightfoot P. Structural chemistry of layered lead halide perovskites containing single octahedral layers. IUCRJ 2021; 8:485-513. [PMID: 34258000 PMCID: PMC8256700 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521005418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive review of the structural chemistry of hybrid lead halides of stoichiometry APbX 4, A 2PbX4 or A A'PbX 4, where A and A' are organic ammonium cations and X = Cl, Br or I. These compounds may be considered as layered perovskites, containing isolated, infinite layers of corner-sharing PbX 4 octahedra separated by the organic species. First, over 250 crystal structures were extracted from the CCDC and classified in terms of unit-cell metrics and crystal symmetry. Symmetry mode analysis was then used to identify the nature of key structural distortions of the [PbX 4]∞ layers. Two generic types of distortion are prevalent in this family: tilting of the octahedral units and shifts of the inorganic layers relative to each other. Although the octahedral tilting modes are well known in the crystallography of purely inorganic perovskites, the additional layer-shift modes are shown to enormously enrich the structural options available in layered hybrid perovskites. Some examples and trends are discussed in more detail in order to show how the nature of the interlayer organic species can influence the overall structural architecture; although the main aim of the paper is to encourage workers in the field to make use of the systematic crystallographic methods used here to further understand and rationalize their own compounds, and perhaps to be able to design-in particular structural features in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. McNulty
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Lightfoot
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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22
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Joseph V, Sutanto AA, Igci C, Syzgantseva OA, Jankauskas V, Rakstys K, Queloz VIE, Kanda H, Huang PY, Ni JS, Kinge S, Chen MC, Nazeeruddin MK. Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Molecularly Engineered Functionalized Oligothiophenes as Low-Cost Hole-Transporting Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100783. [PMID: 34105238 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triarylamine-substituted bithiophene (BT-4D), terthiophene (TT-4D), and quarterthiophene (QT-4D) small molecules are synthesized and used as low-cost hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optoelectronic, electrochemical, and thermal properties of the compounds are investigated systematically. The BT-4D, TT-4D, and QT-4D compounds exhibit thermal decomposition temperature over 400 °C. The n-i-p configured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated with BT-4D as HTM show the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.34% owing to its better hole-extracting properties and film formation compared to TT-4D and QT-4D, which exhibit PCE of 17% and 16%, respectively. Importantly, PSCs using BT-4D demonstrate exceptional stability by retaining 98% of its initial PCE after 1186 h of continuous 1 sun illumination. The remarkable long-term stability and facile synthetic procedure of BT-4D show a great promise for efficient, stable, and low-cost HTMs for PSCs for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellaichamy Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Module, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Albertus Adrian Sutanto
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Cansu Igci
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Olga A Syzgantseva
- Laboratory of Quantum Photodynamics, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vygintas Jankauskas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Kasparas Rakstys
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas, 50254, Lithuania
| | - Valentin I E Queloz
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Kanda
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Module, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shyang Ni
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Photo-Sensitive Material Advanced Research and Technology Center (Photo-SMART), National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 80778, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Kinge
- Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Motor Technical Centre, Advanced Technology Division, Hoge Wei 33, Zaventem, B-1930, Belgium
| | - Ming-Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Module, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1951, Switzerland
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23
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Ye J, Byranvand MM, Martínez CO, Hoye RLZ, Saliba M, Polavarapu L. Defect Passivation in Lead‐Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals and Thin Films: Toward Efficient LEDs and Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv) University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 47 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER IEK5-Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Clara Otero Martínez
- CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department of Materials Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv) University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 47 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER IEK5-Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
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24
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Febriansyah B, Lekina Y, Kaur J, Hooper TJN, Harikesh PC, Salim T, Lim MH, Koh TM, Chakraborty S, Shen ZX, Mathews N, England J. Formation of Corrugated n = 1 2D Tin Iodide Perovskites and Their Use as Lead-Free Solar Absorbers. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6395-6409. [PMID: 33818071 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Major strides have been made in the development of materials and devices based around low-dimensional hybrid group 14 metal halide perovskites. Thus far, this work has mostly focused on compounds containing highly toxic Pb, with the analogous less toxic Sn materials being comparatively poorly evolved. In response, the study herein aims to (i) provide insight into the impact of templating cations upon the structure of n = 1 2D tin iodide perovskites (where n refers to the number of contiguous two-dimensional (2D) inorganic layers, i.e., not separated by organic cations) and (ii) examine their potential as light absorbers for photovoltaic (PV) cells. It was discovered through systematic tuning of organic dications that imidazolium rings are able to induce the formation of (110)-oriented materials, including examples of "3 × 3" corrugated Sn-I perovskites. This structural outcome is a consequence of a combination of supramolecular interactions of the two endocyclic N atoms of the imidazolium rings with the Sn-I framework, and the comparatively high tendency of Sn2+ ions to stereochemically express their 5s2 lone pairs . More importantly, the resulting materials feature very short separations between their 2D inorganic layers with iodide-iodide (I···I) contacts as small as 4.174 Å, which is among the shortest ever recorded for 2D tin iodide perovskites. These proximate inorganic distances, combined with the polarizable nature of the imidazolium moiety, eases the separation of photogenerated charge within the materials. This is evident from the measurement of excitonic activation energies as low as 83(10) meV for ImEA[SnI4]. When combined with superior light absorption capabilities relative to their lead congeners, this allowed the fabrication of lead-free solar cells with incident photon-to-current and power conversion efficiencies of up to 70% and 2.26%, respectively, which are among the highest values reported for pure n = 1 2D group 14 metal halide perovskites. In fact, these values are superior to the corresponding lead iodide material, which demonstrates that 2D Sn-based materials have significant potential as less toxic alternatives to their Pb counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Febriansyah
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- Interdiscipinary Graduate School (IGS), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yulia Lekina
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Materials Theory for Energy Scavenging (MATES) Lab, Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Thomas J N Hooper
- Centre of High Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy and Imaging, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Padinhare Cholakkal Harikesh
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- Interdiscipinary Graduate School (IGS), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Teddy Salim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Teck Ming Koh
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Materials Theory for Energy Scavenging (MATES) Lab, Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Ze Xiang Shen
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jason England
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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25
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Liang A, Wang K, Gao Y, Finkenauer BP, Zhu C, Jin L, Huang L, Dou L. Highly Efficient Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes via Molecular Passivation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yao Gao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Blake P. Finkenauer
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Linrui Jin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
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26
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Liang A, Wang K, Gao Y, Finkenauer BP, Zhu C, Jin L, Huang L, Dou L. Highly Efficient Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes via Molecular Passivation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8337-8343. [PMID: 33497510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yao Gao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Blake P. Finkenauer
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Linrui Jin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
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27
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Ma K, Hsu SN, Gao Y, Wei Z, Jin L, Finkenauer BP, Huang L, Boudouris BW, Mei J, Dou L. Organic Cation Engineering for Vertical Charge Transport in Lead‐Free Perovskite Quantum Wells. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Sheng-Ning Hsu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yao Gao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Zitang Wei
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Linrui Jin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Blake P. Finkenauer
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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28
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Li X, Hoffman JM, Kanatzidis MG. The 2D Halide Perovskite Rulebook: How the Spacer Influences Everything from the Structure to Optoelectronic Device Efficiency. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2230-2291. [PMID: 33476131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have emerged as outstanding semiconducting materials thanks to their superior stability and structural diversity. However, the ever-growing field of optoelectronic device research using 2D perovskites requires systematic understanding of the effects of the spacer on the structure, properties, and device performance. So far, many studies are based on trial-and-error tests of random spacers with limited ability to predict the resulting structure of these synthetic experiments, hindering the discovery of novel 2D materials to be incorporated into high-performance devices. In this review, we provide guidelines on successfully choosing spacers and incorporating them into crystalline materials and optoelectronic devices. We first provide a summary of various synthetic methods to act as a tutorial for groups interested in pursuing synthesis of novel 2D perovskites. Second, we provide our insights on what kind of spacer cations can stabilize 2D perovskites followed by an extensive review of the spacer cations, which have been shown to stabilize 2D perovskites with an emphasis on the effects of the spacer on the structure and optical properties. Next, we provide a similar explanation for the methods used to fabricate films and their desired properties. Like the synthesis section, we will then focus on various spacers that have been used in devices and how they influence the film structure and device performance. With a comprehensive understanding of these effects, a rational selection of novel spacers can be made, accelerating this already exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Justin M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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29
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González-Juárez E, Valadez-Villalobos K, Garcia-Gutierrez DF, Garcia-Gutierrez DI, Roa AE, Sanchez E. Study on photovoltaic stability and performance by incorporating tetrabutyl phosphonium iodide into the active layer of a perovskite type photovoltaic cell. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31575-31585. [PMID: 35520636 PMCID: PMC9056379 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04630b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple synthesis of an ionic liquid is carried out using a trialkylphosphine and an alkyl halide. The results showed that the quality of perovskite crystals is enhanced by the incorporation of B4PI, when the percentage is 1.5% the PCE of champion PSCs MA98.5(B4PI)1.5PbI3 increases significantly from 15.5%, with a V OC of 0.957 mV, J SC of 23.6 mA cm-2, and an FF of 68.4%. Stability tests show that excess B4PI by 20% has a protective effect against humidity, MA80(B4PI)20PbI3 was more stable towards humidity, losing only 20% efficiency for 200 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar González-Juárez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, FCQ, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León C. P. 66450 Mexico
| | - Karen Valadez-Villalobos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, FCQ, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León C. P. 66450 Mexico
| | - Diana F Garcia-Gutierrez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, FIME, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León C. P. 66450 Mexico
| | - Domingo I Garcia-Gutierrez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, FIME, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León C. P. 66450 Mexico
| | - Arian Espinosa Roa
- CONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Unidad Monterrey, Parque de Innovación e Investigación Tecnológica (PIIT) Alianza Sur, No. 204 C. P. 66628 Apodaca Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Eduardo Sanchez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, FCQ, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León C. P. 66450 Mexico
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30
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Hanmandlu C, Singh A, Boopathi KM, Lai CS, Chu CW. Layered perovskite materials: key solutions for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:086502. [PMID: 32575080 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab9f88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites having three-dimensional crystal structures are being applied successfully in various optoelectronic applications. To address their most challenging issues-instability and toxicity-without losing efficiency, lower-dimensional perovskites appear to be promising alternatives. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) perovskite solar cells have been developed exhibiting excellent photostability and moisture-stability, together with moderate device efficiency. This review summarizes the photophysical properties and operating mechanisms of 2D perovskites as well as recent advances in their applications in solar cell devices. Also presented is an agenda for the next-stage development of stable perovskite materials for solar cell applications, highlighting the issues of stability and toxicity that require further study to ensure commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintam Hanmandlu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Anupriya Singh
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Nano Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Green Technology Research Center, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, New Taipei City 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
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31
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Gu S, Lin R, Han Q, Gao Y, Tan H, Zhu J. Tin and Mixed Lead-Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and their Application in Tandem Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907392. [PMID: 32053273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have recently attracted enormous attention for photovoltaic applications due to their superior optical and electrical properties. Lead (Pb) halide perovskites stand out among this material series, with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 25%. According to the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit, lead halide perovskites typically exhibit bandgaps that are not within the optimal range for single-junction solar cells. Partial or complete replacement of lead with tin (Sn) is gaining increasing research interest, due to the promise of further narrowing the bandgaps. This enables ideal solar utilization for single-junction solar cells as well as the construction of all-perovskite tandem solar cells. In addition, the usage of Sn provides a path to the fabrication of lead-free or Pb-reduced perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Recent progress in addressing the challenges of fabricating efficient Sn halide and mixed lead-tin (Pb-Sn) halide PSCs is summarized herein. Mixed Pb-Sn halide perovskites hold promise not only for higher efficiency and more stable single-junction solar cells but also for efficient all-perovskite monolithic tandem solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Renxing Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qiaolei Han
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hairen Tan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
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32
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Zibouche N, Islam MS. Structure-Electronic Property Relationships of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Tin- and Lead-based Iodide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15328-15337. [PMID: 32159945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites are receiving considerable attention for applications in photovoltaics, largely due to their versatile composition and superior environmental stability over three-dimensional (3D) perovskites, but show much lower power conversion efficiencies. Hence, further understanding of the structure-property relationships of these 2D materials is crucial for improving their photovoltaic performance. Here, we investigate by means of first-principles calculations the structural and electronic properties of 2D lead and tin Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites with general formula (BA)2An-1BnI3n+1, where BA is the butylammonium organic spacer, A is either methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA) cations, B represents Sn or Pb atoms, and n is the number of layers (n = 1, 2, 3, and 4). We show that the band gap progressively increases as the number of layers decreases in both Sn- and Pb-based materials. Through substituting MA by FA cations, the band gap slightly opens in the Sn systems and narrows in the Pb systems. The electron and hole carriers show small effective masses, which are lower than those of the corresponding 3D perovskites, suggesting high carrier mobilities. The structural distortion associated with the orientation of the MA or FA cations in the inorganic layers is found to be the driving force for the induced Rashba spin-splitting bands in the systems with more than one layer. From band alignment diagrams, the transfer process of the charge carriers in the 2D perovskites is found to be from smaller to higher number of layers n for electrons and oppositely for holes, in excellent agreement with experimental studies. We also find that, when interfaced with 3D analogues, the 2D perovskites could function as hole transport materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Saiful Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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33
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Meng J, Song D, Huang D, Li Y, Li Y, Maqsood A, Zhao S, Qiao B, Zhu H, Xu Z. Enhanced VOC of two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells using binary synergetic organic spacer cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:54-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Using binary organic spacer cations to improve the VOC and efficiency of two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells.
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34
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Zhang Y, Fadaei Tirani F, Pattison P, Schenk-Joß K, Xiao Z, Nazeeruddin MK, Gao P. Zero-dimensional hybrid iodobismuthate derivatives: from structure study to photovoltaic application. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5815-5822. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The quest for lead-free light-absorbing perovskite materials has long been the target of researchers to make the ‘star’ material friendly to the commercial market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Philip Pattison
- Institute of Physics
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Kurt Schenk-Joß
- Institute of Physics
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Zewen Xiao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | | | - Peng Gao
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
- China
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35
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The Low-Dimensional Three-Dimensional Tin Halide Perovskite: Film Characterization and Device Performance. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation solar cells as their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has rapidly increased up to 25.2%. However, the most efficient halide perovskite materials all contain toxic lead. Replacing the lead cation with environmentally friendly tin (Sn) is proposed as an important alternative. Today, the inferior performance of Sn-based PSCs mainly due to two challenging issues, namely the facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and the low formation energies of Sn vacancies. Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite, in which the large sized organic cations confine the corner sharing BX6 octahedra, exhibits higher formation energy than that of three-dimensional (3D) structure halide perovskite. The approach of mixing a small amount of 2D into 3D Sn-based perovskites was demonstrated as an efficient method to produce high performance perovskite films. In this review, we first provide an overview of key points for making high performance PSCs. Then we give an introduction to the physical parameters of 3D ASnX3 (MA+, FA+, and Cs+) perovskite and a photovoltaic device based on them, followed by an overview of 2D/3D halide perovskites based on ASnX3 (MA+ and FA+) and their optoelectronic applications. The current challenges and a future outlook of Sn-based PSCs are discussed in the end. This review will give readers a better understanding of the 2D/3D Sn-based PSCs.
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36
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Gao Y, Wei Z, Yoo P, Shi E, Zeller M, Zhu C, Liao P, Dou L. Highly Stable Lead-Free Perovskite Field-Effect Transistors Incorporating Linear π-Conjugated Organic Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15577-15585. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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37
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Dai Y, Tüysüz H. Lead-Free Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9 Perovskite as Photocatalyst for Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2587-2592. [PMID: 30994264 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an innovative approach was developed by using stable, lead-free halide perovskite for solar-driven organic synthesis. The ring-opening reaction of epoxides was chosen as a model system for the synthesis of value-added β-alkoxy alcohols, which require energy-intensive process conditions and corrosive, strong acids for conventional synthesis. The developed concept included the in situ preparation of Cs3 Bi2 Br9 and its simultaneous application as photocatalyst for epoxide alcoholysis under visible-light irradiation in air at 293 K, with exceptional high activity and selectivity ≥86 % for β-alkoxy alcohols and thia-compounds. The Cs3 Bi2 Br9 photocatalyst exhibited good stability and recyclability. In contrast, the lead-based perovskite showed a conversion rate of only 1 %. The origin of the unexpected catalytic behavior was attributed to the combination of the photocatalytic process and the presence of suitable Lewis-acidic centers on the surface of the bismuth halide perovskite photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Dai
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Harun Tüysüz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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38
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Deng Y, Dong X, Yang M, Zeng H, Zou G, Lin Z. Two low-dimensional metal halides: ionothermal synthesis, photoluminescence, and nonlinear optical properties. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17451-17455. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide with a chain-like structure has been prepared under ionothermal conditions, which shows a large second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandan Deng
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xuehua Dong
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Yang
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Guohong Zou
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Zhien Lin
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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