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Xiang Z, Lu J, Ming Y, Guo W, Chen X, Sun W. Engineering of a DNA/γPNA Hybrid Nanoreporter for ctDNA Mutation Detection via γPNA Urinalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2310225. [PMID: 38958527 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) mutations, which are molecular biomarkers present in bodily fluids of cancer patients, can be applied for tumor diagnosis and prognosis monitoring. However, current profiling of ctDNA mutations relies primarily on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing and these techniques require preanalytical processing of blood samples, which are time-consuming, expensive, and tedious procedures that increase the risk of sample contamination. To overcome these limitations, here the engineering of a DNA/γPNA (gamma peptide nucleic acid) hybrid nanoreporter is disclosed for ctDNA biosensing via in situ profiling and recording of tumor-specific DNA mutations. The low tolerance of γPNA to single mismatch in base pairing with DNA allows highly selective recognition and recording of ctDNA mutations in peripheral blood. Owing to their remarkable biostability, the detached γPNA strands triggered by mutant ctDNA will be enriched in kidneys and cleared into urine for urinalysis. It is demonstrated that the nanoreporter has high specificity for ctDNA mutation in peripheral blood, and urinalysis of cleared γPNA can provide valuable information for tumor progression and prognosis evaluation. This work demonstrates the potential of the nanoreporter for urinary monitoring of tumor and patient prognosis through in situ biosensing of ctDNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichu Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yang Ming
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Weijian Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
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2
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Gunasekaran BM, Srinivasan S, Ezhilan M, Nesakumar N. Nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 559:119715. [PMID: 38735514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, breast cancer, oxidative DNA damage, and viral infections are all significant and major health threats to human health, presenting substantial challenges in early diagnosis. In this regard, a wide range of nucleic acid-based electrochemical platforms have been widely employed as point-of-care diagnostics in health care and biosensing technologies. This review focuses on biosensor design strategies, underlying principles involved in the development of advanced electrochemical genosensing devices, approaches for immobilizing DNA on electrode surfaces, as well as their utility in early disease diagnosis, with a particular emphasis on cancer, leukaemia, oxidative DNA damage, and viral pathogen detection. Notably, the role of biorecognition elements and nanointerfaces employed in the design and development of advanced electrochemical genosensors for recognizing biomarkers related to colorectal cancer, breast cancer, leukaemia, oxidative DNA damage, and viral pathogens has been extensively reviewed. Finally, challenges associated with the fabrication of nucleic acid-based biosensors to achieve high sensitivity, selectivity, a wide detection range, and a low detection limit have been addressed. We believe that this review will provide valuable information for scientists and bioengineers interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the fabrication and functionality of nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors for biomedical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu Mahendran Gunasekaran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soorya Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 503, India
| | - Madeshwari Ezhilan
- Department of biomedical engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Vel Nagar, Avadi, Chennai 600062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Noel Nesakumar
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Juska VB, Maxwell G, Estrela P, Pemble ME, O'Riordan A. Silicon microfabrication technologies for biology integrated advance devices and interfaces. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115503. [PMID: 37481868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization is the trend to manufacture ever smaller devices and this process requires knowledge, experience, understanding of materials, manufacturing techniques and scaling laws. The fabrication techniques used in semiconductor industry deliver an exceptionally high yield of devices and provide a well-established platform. Today, these miniaturized devices are manufactured with high reproducibility, design flexibility, scalability and multiplexed features to be used in several applications including micro-, nano-fluidics, implantable chips, diagnostics/biosensors and neural probes. We here provide a review on the microfabricated devices used for biology driven science. We will describe the ubiquity of the use of micro-nanofabrication techniques in biology and biotechnology through the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio devices for cell sensing applications, intracellular devices, probes developed for neuroscience-neurotechnology and biosensing of the certain biomarkers. Recently, the research on micro and nanodevices for biology has been progressing rapidly. While the understanding of the unknown biological fields -such as human brain- has been requiring more research with advanced materials and devices, the development protocols of desired devices has been advancing in parallel, which finally meets with some of the requirements of biological sciences. This is a very exciting field and we aim to highlight the impact of micro-nanotechnologies that can shed light on complex biological questions and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuslat B Juska
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12R5CP, Ireland.
| | - Graeme Maxwell
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12R5CP, Ireland
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; Centre for Bioengineering & Biomedical Technologies (CBio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alan O'Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12R5CP, Ireland
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Tan K, Chen L, Cao D, Xiao W, Lv Q, Zou L. A rapid and highly sensitive ctDNA detection platform based on locked nucleic acid-assisted catalytic hairpin assembly circuits. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4548-4554. [PMID: 37642516 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01150j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
As a promising biomarker of liquid biopsy, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) plays a paramount role in the early diagnosis of noninvasive cancer. The isothermal catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) strategy has great potential for in vitro detection of ctDNA in low abundance. However, a traditional CHA strategy for ctDNA detection at the earlier stages of cancer remains extremely challenging, as annoying signal leakage from the 'breathing' phenomenon and nuclease degradation occur. Herein, we report a locked nucleic acid (LNA)-incorporated CHA circuit for the rapid and sensitive detection of target ctDNA. The target ctDNA intelligently catalyzed LNA-modified hairpins H1 and H2via a range of toehold-mediated strand displacement processes, leading to the continuous generation of an H1-H2 hybrid for the amplified fluorescence signal. In comparison to conventional CHA circuits, the stronger binding affinity of LNA-DNA bases greatly inhibited the breathing effect, which endowed it with greater thermodynamic stability and resistance to nuclease degradation in the LNA-assisted CHA system, thus achieving a high signal gain. The developed CHA circuit demonstrated excellent performance during target ctDNA detection, with a linear range from 10 pM to 5 nM, and its target detection limit was reached at 3.3 pM. Moreover, this LNA-assisted CHA system was successfully applied to the analysis of target ctDNA in clinical serum samples of breast cancer patients. This updated CHA system provides a general and robust platform for the sensitive detection of biomarkers of interest, thus facilitating the accurate identification and diagnosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Tan
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences & National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Longsheng Chen
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences & National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Donglin Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Point-of-care Testing (POCT), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Point-of-care Testing (POCT), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences & National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lili Zou
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences & National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Li S, Zhang H, Zhu M, Kuang Z, Li X, Xu F, Miao S, Zhang Z, Lou X, Li H, Xia F. Electrochemical Biosensors for Whole Blood Analysis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37262362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Whole blood, as one of the most significant biological fluids, provides critical information for health management and disease monitoring. Over the past 10 years, advances in nanotechnology, microfluidics, and biomarker research have spurred the development of powerful miniaturized diagnostic systems for whole blood testing toward the goal of disease monitoring and treatment. Among the techniques employed for whole-blood diagnostics, electrochemical biosensors, as known to be rapid, sensitive, capable of miniaturization, reagentless and washing free, become a class of emerging technology to achieve the target detection specifically and directly in complex media, e.g., whole blood or even in the living body. Here we are aiming to provide a comprehensive review to summarize advances over the past decade in the development of electrochemical sensors for whole blood analysis. Further, we address the remaining challenges and opportunities to integrate electrochemical sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Man Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhujun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siyuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zishuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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6
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Mumtaz Z, Rashid Z, Ali A, Arif A, Ameen F, AlTami MS, Yousaf MZ. Prospects of Microfluidic Technology in Nucleic Acid Detection Approaches. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:584. [PMID: 37366949 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Conventional diagnostic techniques are based on the utilization of analyte sampling, sensing and signaling on separate platforms for detection purposes, which must be integrated to a single step procedure in point of care (POC) testing devices. Due to the expeditious nature of microfluidic platforms, the trend has been shifted toward the implementation of these systems for the detection of analytes in biochemical, clinical and food technology. Microfluidic systems molded with substances such as polymers or glass offer the specific and sensitive detection of infectious and noninfectious diseases by providing innumerable benefits, including less cost, good biological affinity, strong capillary action and simple process of fabrication. In the case of nanosensors for nucleic acid detection, some challenges need to be addressed, such as cellular lysis, isolation and amplification of nucleic acid before its detection. To avoid the utilization of laborious steps for executing these processes, advances have been deployed in this perspective for on-chip sample preparation, amplification and detection by the introduction of an emerging field of modular microfluidics that has multiple advantages over integrated microfluidics. This review emphasizes the significance of microfluidic technology for the nucleic acid detection of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The implementation of isothermal amplification in conjunction with the lateral flow assay greatly increases the binding efficiency of nanoparticles and biomolecules and improves the limit of detection and sensitivity. Most importantly, the deployment of paper-based material made of cellulose reduces the overall cost. Microfluidic technology in nucleic acid testing has been discussed by explicating its applications in different fields. Next-generation diagnostic methods can be improved by using CRISPR/Cas technology in microfluidic systems. This review concludes with the comparison and future prospects of various microfluidic systems, detection methods and plasma separation techniques used in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilwa Mumtaz
- KAM School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College University, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Zubia Rashid
- Pure Health Laboratory, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi 1227788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashaq Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety MegaScience, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Afsheen Arif
- Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Suad University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona S AlTami
- Biology Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Burydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zubair Yousaf
- KAM School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College University, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
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Clack K, Soda N, Kasetsirikul S, Mahmudunnabi RG, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Toward Personalized Nanomedicine: The Critical Evaluation of Micro and Nanodevices for Cancer Biomarker Analysis in Liquid Biopsy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205856. [PMID: 36631277 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy for the analysis of circulating cancer biomarkers (CBs) is a major advancement toward the early detection of cancer. In comparison to tissue biopsy techniques, liquid biopsy is relatively painless, offering multiple sampling opportunities across easily accessible bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva. Liquid biopsy is also relatively inexpensive and simple, avoiding the requirement for specialized laboratory equipment or trained medical staff. Major advances in the field of liquid biopsy are attributed largely to developments in nanotechnology and microfabrication that enables the creation of highly precise chip-based platforms. These devices can overcome detection limitations of an individual biomarker by detecting multiple markers simultaneously on the same chip, or by featuring integrated and combined target separation techniques. In this review, the major advances in the field of portable and semi-portable micro, nano, and multiplexed platforms for CB detection for the early diagnosis of cancer are highlighted. A comparative discussion is also provided, noting merits and drawbacks of the platforms, especially in terms of portability. Finally, key challenges toward device portability and possible solutions, as well as discussing the future direction of the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Clack
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Narshone Soda
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Surasak Kasetsirikul
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Rabbee G Mahmudunnabi
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
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8
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Jia LL, Zhao JX, Zhao LP, Tian JH, Huang G. Current status and quality of radiomic studies for predicting KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Eur J Radiol 2023; 158:110640. [PMID: 36525703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methodological quality of radiomics-based studies for noninvasive, preoperative prediction of Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutations in patients with colorectal cancer; furthermore, we systematically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of predicting models. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases up to 20 April 2022 for eligible studies. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) and Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) tools. A meta-analysis of studies on the prediction of KRAS status in colorectal cancer patients was performed. RESULT Twenty-nine studies were identified in the systematic review, including three studies on the prediction of KRAS status in colorectal cancer liver metastases. All studies had an average RQS score of 9.55 (26.5% of the total score), ranging from 3 to 17. Most studies demonstrated a low or unclear risk of bias in the domains of QUADAS-2. Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, mostly imaged with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography-CT (PET/CT). With pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of the training cohorts were 0.80(95% confidence interval(CI), 0.75-0.84), 0.80(95% CI, 0.74-0.85) and 0.87(95% CI, 0.84-0.90),respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for the validation cohorts (13 studies) were 0.78(95% CI, 0.71-0.84), 0.84(95% CI, 0.74-0.90), and 0.86(95% CI, 0.83-0.89), respectively. CONCLUSION Radiomics is a potential noninvasive technology that has a moderate preoperative diagnosis and prediction effect on KRAS mutations. However, it has not been implemented as a clinical decision-making tool. Future researchers should pay more attention to the methodological quality of the study and further externally validate the model using multicenter datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Jia
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 73000, China.
| | - Jian-Xin Zhao
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 73000, China.
| | - Lian-Ping Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jin-Hui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Lin J, Wu Y, Wang J, Yang R, Wu W, Li B, Chen X, Xue W, Liao Y. Gold island‐enhanced multiplex quantum dots fluorescent system for biomedical analysis of circulating tumor nucleic acids. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Shenzhen Third People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Yunxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development Department of Biomedical Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Department of Burn Surgery The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Burn Surgery The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan China
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development Department of Biomedical Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Yuhui Liao
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
- Department of Infectious Disease Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
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Zhai T, Wei Y, Wang L, Li J, Fan C. Advancing pathogen detection for airborne diseases. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [PMCID: PMC9618456 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne diseases including SARS, bird flu, and the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have stimulated the demand for developing novel bioassay methods competent for early-stage diagnosis and large-scale screening. Here, we briefly summarize the state-of-the-art methods for the detection of infectious pathogens and discuss key challenges. We highlight the trend for next-generation technologies benefiting from multidisciplinary advances in microfabrication, nanotechnology and synthetic biology, which allow sensitive, rapid yet inexpensive pathogen assays with portable intelligent device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuhan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China,The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China,Corresponding authors: Prof. Jiang Li, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, The Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China,Corresponding authors: Prof. Jiang Li, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, The Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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Emmerich MEP, Sinnigen AS, Neubauer P, Birkholz M. Dielectrophoretic separation of blood cells. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:30. [PMID: 36006519 PMCID: PMC9411249 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic dielectrophoretic (DEP) devices enable the label-free separation and isolation of cells based on differences in their electrophysiological properties. The technique can serve as a tool in clinical diagnostics and medical research as it facilitates the analysis of patient-specific blood composition and the detection and isolation of pathogenic cells like circulating tumor cells or malaria-infected erythrocytes. This review compares different microfluidic DEP devices to separate platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes including their cellular subclasses. An overview and experimental setups of different microfluidic DEP devices for the separation, trapping and isolation or purification of blood cells are detailed with respect to their technical design, electrode configuration, sample preparation, applied voltage and frequency and created DEP field based and related to the separation efficiency. The technique holds the promise that results can quickly be attained in clinical and ambulant settings. In particular, point-of-care-testing scenarios are favored by the extensive miniaturization, which would be enabled by microelectronical integration of DEP devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. P. Emmerich
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, TU Berlin, Ackerstrasse 76, ACK24, D-13355 Berlin, Germany
- IHP – Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Sinnigen
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, TU Berlin, Ackerstrasse 76, ACK24, D-13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, TU Berlin, Ackerstrasse 76, ACK24, D-13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Birkholz
- IHP – Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
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12
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Electrochemical Biosensors for Circulating Tumor DNA Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080649. [PMID: 36005048 PMCID: PMC9406149 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment have always been highly desired in the fight against cancer, and detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has recently been touted as highly promising for early cancer-screening. Consequently, the detection of ctDNA in liquid biopsy is gaining much attention in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment, which has also attracted research interest from industry. However, it is difficult to achieve low-cost, real-time, and portable measurement of ctDNA in traditional gene-detection technology. Electrochemical biosensors have become a highly promising solution to ctDNA detection due to their unique advantages such as high sensitivity, high specificity, low cost, and good portability. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the latest developments in biosensors for minimally invasive, rapid, and real-time ctDNA detection. Various ctDNA sensors are reviewed with respect to their choices of receptor probes, designs of electrodes, detection strategies, preparation of samples, and figures of merit, sorted by type of electrode surface recognition elements. The development of biosensors for the Internet of Things, point-of-care testing, big data, and big health is analyzed, with a focus on their portable, real-time, and non-destructive characteristics.
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13
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Zhang L, Loh XJ, Ruan J. Photoelectrochemical nanosensors: An emerging technique for tumor liquid biopsy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Wu K, Li Q, Yao C, Yang D, Liu D. Trojan Horse Delivery of Spherical Nucleic Acid Probes into the Cytoplasm for High-Fidelity Imaging of MicroRNAs. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10942-10948. [PMID: 35854635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a Trojan horse strategy to efficiently deliver the spherical nucleic acid probes (namely, nanoflares) into the cytoplasm for microRNA (miRNA) imaging with high fidelity, breaking through the cytoplasmic transport dilemma of RNA probes in living cells. The nanoflare is encapsulated into a "Trojan horse" consisting of zwitterionic choline phosphates (CPs) and acid-degradable crosslinkers; the former effectively promotes cell uptake and the latter triggers instantaneous liberation of the nanoflare probes from the lysosome to the cytoplasm. The exposed nanoflares in the cytoplasm can be lightened up by the target miRNAs specifically. Compared with the conventional nanoflares as well as the improved ones in previous reports, the "Trojan horse" nanoflares avoid nuclease degradation and thiol displacement during the delivery process, providing unprecedentedly high accuracy for intracellular miRNA imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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15
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Liu Z, Kong Y, Dang Q, Weng S, Zheng Y, Ren Y, Lv J, Li N, Han Y, Han X. Liquid Biopsy in Pre-Metastatic Niche: From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Application. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958360. [PMID: 35911705 PMCID: PMC9334814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination represents a hallmark of cancer that is responsible for the high mortality rate. Recently, emerging evidence demonstrates a time-series event—pre-metastatic niche (PMN) has a profound impact on cancer metastasis. Exosomes, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTC), and tumor microenvironment components, as critical components in PMN establishment, could be monitored by liquid biopsy. Intensive studies based on the molecular profile of liquid biopsy have made it a viable alternative to tissue biopsy. Meanwhile, the complex molecular mechanism and intercellular interaction are great challenges for applying liquid biopsy in clinical practice. This article reviews the cellular and molecular components involved in the establishment of the PMN and the promotion of metastasis, as well as the mechanisms of their interactions. Better knowledge of the characteristics of the PMN may facilitate the application of liquid biopsy for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qin Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youyang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Lv
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilin Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwei Han,
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16
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He S, Yang Y, Xu Z, Ling H, Wang Y, Wan L, Huang N, Ye Q, Liu Y. Development of Enzyme-Free DNA Amplifier Based on Chain Reaction Principle. Acta Biomater 2022; 149:213-219. [PMID: 35811071 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-free DNA amplifiers can amplify the signal of nucleic acid molecules. They can be applied to DNA molecular operation and nucleic acid detection. The reaction speed is the core index to evaluate DNA amplifiers. In this study, we designed a DNA amplifier based on an enzyme-free chain reaction. This DNA amplifier can release one more signal molecule in each round of reaction and trigger the next round, which significantly improved reaction speed. Moreover, because the amplifier used a stable DNA structure, the reaction can occur at room temperature. To integrate the amplifier into other DNA molecular operations, we performed the amplification reaction in a microfluidic chip module. The results showed that the amplifier can realize real-time signal feedback at a proper input molecule concentration and reach the endpoint in 40 s, even at a low relative concentration. To apply the amplifier for nucleic acid detection, we also used a conventional fluorescent polymerase chain reaction instrument for the reaction. The results showed that the amplifier specifically detected trace DNA single-stranded molecules. To solve the leakage problem of existing amplifiers, we designed a DNA molecule as the chain reaction's inhibitor, which was crucial in controlling the reaction speed and preventing leakage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Traditional amplifier strategies of enzyme-free DNA amplifiers relied on a constant number of cycling molecules to catalyze the amplifier molecules' changing structure and release fluorescent signals, which lead low reaction speed. Based on an enzyme-free chain reaction, we designed a DNA amplifier which can release one more cycling molecule in each loop and trigger the next loop and significantly improve reaction speed in this study. Our analysis on microfluidic chip module and PCR instrument verifies high sensitivity and selectivity. And this strategy of DNA amplifier realizes the control of reaction and prevents leakage. We believe that this automated amplification strategy could have great applications in vivo signal detection, imaging, and signal molecule translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin He
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yongkang Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziheng Xu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongkun Ling
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ningning Huang
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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17
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Liu S, Xu Y, Jiang X, Tan H, Ying B. Translation of aptamers toward clinical diagnosis and commercialization. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 208:114168. [PMID: 35364525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The dominance of antibodies in diagnostics has gradually changed following the discovery of aptamers in the early 1990s. Aptamers offer inherent advantages over traditional antibodies, including higher specificity, higher affinity, smaller size, greater stability, ease of manufacture, and low immunogenicity, rendering them the best candidates for point-of-care testing (POCT). In the past 20 years, the research community and pharmaceutical companies have made great efforts to promote the development of aptamer technology. Macugen® (pegaptanib) was the first aptamer drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and various aptamer-based diagnostics show great promise in preclinical research and clinical trials. In this review, we introduce recent literature, ongoing clinical trials, commercial reagents of aptamer-based diagnostics, discuss the FDA regulatory mechanisms, and highlight the prospects and challenges in translating these studies into viable clinical diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Med+ Molecular Diagnostics Institute of West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Med+ Molecular Diagnostics Institute of West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Integrated TCM&Western Medicine Hospital (Chengdu First People's Hospital), Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Med+ Molecular Diagnostics Institute of West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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18
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Rapid Multiplex Strip Test for the Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA Mutations for Liquid Biopsy Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020097. [PMID: 35200357 PMCID: PMC8869478 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the era of personalized medicine, molecular profiling of patient tumors has become the standard practice, especially for patients with advanced disease. Activating point mutations of the KRAS proto-oncogene are clinically relevant for many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). While several approaches have been developed for tumor genotyping, liquid biopsy has been gaining much attention in the clinical setting. Analysis of circulating tumor DNA for genetic alterations has been challenging, and many methodologies with both advantages and disadvantages have been developed. We here developed a gold nanoparticle-based rapid strip test that has been applied for the first time for the multiplex detection of KRAS mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) of CRC patients. The method involved ctDNA isolation, PCR-amplification of the KRAS gene, multiplex primer extension (PEXT) reaction, and detection with a multiplex strip test. We have optimized the efficiency and specificity of the multiplex strip test in synthetic DNA targets, in colorectal cancer cell lines, in tissue samples, and in blood-derived ctDNA from patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The proposed strip test achieved rapid and easy multiplex detection (normal allele and three major single-point mutations) of the clinically relevant KRAS mutations in ctDNA in blood samples of CRC patients with high specificity and repeatability. This multiplex strip test represents a minimally invasive, rapid, low-cost, and promising diagnostic tool for the detection of clinically relevant mutations in cancer patients.
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19
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Abouali H, Hosseini SA, Purcell E, Nagrath S, Poudineh M. Recent Advances in Device Engineering and Computational Analysis for Characterization of Cell-Released Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:288. [PMID: 35053452 PMCID: PMC8774172 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During cancer progression, tumors shed different biomarkers into the bloodstream, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The analysis of these biomarkers in the blood, known as 'liquid biopsy' (LB), is a promising approach for early cancer detection and treatment monitoring, and more recently, as a means for cancer therapy. Previous reviews have discussed the role of CTCs and ctDNA in cancer progression; however, ctDNA and EVs are rapidly evolving with technological advancements and computational analysis and are the subject of enormous recent studies in cancer biomarkers. In this review, first, we introduce these cell-released cancer biomarkers and briefly discuss their clinical significance in cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Second, we present conventional and novel approaches for the isolation, profiling, and characterization of these markers. We then investigate the mathematical and in silico models that are developed to investigate the function of ctDNA and EVs in cancer progression. We convey our views on what is needed to pave the way to translate the emerging technologies and models into the clinic and make the case that optimized next-generation techniques and models are needed to precisely evaluate the clinical relevance of these LB markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Abouali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (H.A.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Seied Ali Hosseini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (H.A.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Emma Purcell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA; (E.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA; (E.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (H.A.); (S.A.H.)
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20
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Chen W, Li Z, Cheng W, Wu T, Li J, Li X, Liu L, Bai H, Ding S, Li X, Yu X. Surface plasmon resonance biosensor for exosome detection based on reformative tyramine signal amplification activated by molecular aptamer beacon. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:450. [PMID: 34952586 PMCID: PMC8709980 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive exosomes play an extremely important role in the diagnosis and treatment options of breast cancers. Herein, based on the reformative tyramine signal amplification (TSA) enabled by molecular aptamer beacon (MAB) conversion, a label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was proposed for highly sensitive and specific detection of HER2-positive exosomes. The exosomes were captured by the HER2 aptamer region of MAB immobilized on the chip surface, which enabled the exposure of the G-quadruplex DNA (G4 DNA) that could form peroxidase-like G4-hemin. In turn, the formed G4-hemin catalyzed the deposition of plentiful tyramine-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-Ty) on the exosome membrane with the help of H2O2, generating a significantly enhanced SPR signal. In the reformative TSA system, the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a major component was replaced with nonenzymic G4-hemin, bypassing the defects of natural enzymes. Moreover, the dual-recognition of the surface proteins and lipid membrane of the desired exosomes endowed the sensing strategy with high specificity without the interruption of free proteins. As a result, this developed SPR biosensor exhibited a wide linear range from 1.0 × 104 to 1.0 × 107 particles/mL. Importantly, this strategy was able to accurately distinguish HER2-positive breast cancer patients from healthy individuals, exhibiting great potential clinical application. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenqian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Huijie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Sichuan, 643000, China.
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21
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Su J, Ke Y, Maboyi N, Zhi X, Yan S, Li F, Zhao B, Jia X, Song S, Ding X. CRISPR/Cas12a Powered DNA Framework-Supported Electrochemical Biosensing Platform for Ultrasensitive Nucleic Acid Analysis. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100935. [PMID: 34928030 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid analysis using ultrasensitive and simple methods is critically important for the early-stage diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The CRISPR/Cas proteins, guided by a single-stranded RNA have shown incredible capability for sequence-specific targeting and detection. Herein, in order to improve and expand the application of CRISPR/Cas technology to the electrochemical interface-based nucleic acids analysis, the authors develop a CRISPR/Cas12a powered DNA framework-supported electrochemical biosensing platform via the cis and trans cleavage of Cas12a on the heterogeneous carbon interface (the existing publications which commonly adopted trans-cleavage). Their solid-liquid interface is first immobilized by 3D tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (FNAs) with specific DNA recognition probe. Based on the recognition of the complementary target through protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) confirmation and CRISPR-derived RNA (crRNA) matching, the easily formed Cas12a/crRNA duplex can get access to the interface, and the cis and trans cleavage of Cas12a can be easily activated. In combination with the enzyme catalyzed reaction, they achieved an ultralow limit of detection (LOD) of 100 fm in HPV-16 detection without pre-amplification. Furthermore, the platform is compatible with a spike-in human serum sample and has superior stability. Thus, their reported platform offers a practical, versatile, and amplification-free toolbox for ultrasensitive nucleic acid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuqing Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Nokuzola Maboyi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Sijia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fuwu Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Xiaolong Jia
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 17 Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shiping Song
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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22
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Lim J, Kang B, Son HY, Mun B, Huh YM, Rho HW, Kang T, Moon J, Lee JJ, Seo SB, Jang S, Son SU, Jung J, Haam S, Lim EK. Microfluidic device for one-step detection of breast cancer-derived exosomal mRNA in blood using signal-amplifiable 3D nanostructure. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 197:113753. [PMID: 34741958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis attributed to approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths; hence, the detection of metastatic tumor-derived components in the blood assists in determining cancer recurrence and patient survival. Microfluidic-based sensors facilitate analysis of small fluid volumes and represent an accurate, rapid, and user-friendly method of field diagnoses. In this study, we have developed a microfluidic chip-based exosomal mRNA sensor (exoNA-sensing chip) for the one-step detection of exosomal ERBB2 in the blood by integrating a microfluidic chip and 3D-nanostructured hydrogels. The exoNA-sensing chip is a vacuum-driven power-free microfluidic chip that can accurately control the flow of trace fluids (<100 μL). The sensing part of the exoNA-sensing chip includes 3D-nanostructured hydrogels capable of detecting ERBB2 and a reference gene by amplifying a fluorescent signal via an enzyme-free catalytic hairpin assembly reaction at room temperature. This hydrogel offers a detection limit of 58.3 fM with good selectivity for target sequences. The performance of the exoNA-sensing chip was evaluated by testing in vitro and in vivo samples and was proven to be effective for cancer diagnosis and liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Son
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonggeol Mun
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Rho
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Moon
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK 21+ Program), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jong Lee
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Beom Seo
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Jang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Uk Son
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Q, Guo X, Xun G, Li Z, Chong Y, Yang L, Wang H, Zhang F, Luo S, Cui L, Zhao P, Ye X, Xu H, Lu H, Li X, Deng Z, Li K, Feng Y. Argonaute integrated single-tube PCR system enables supersensitive detection of rare mutations. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e75. [PMID: 33905513 PMCID: PMC8287959 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in rare DNA mutations detection have revolutionized the diagnosis and monitoring of tumors, but they are still limited by the lack of supersensitive and high-coverage procedures for identifying low-abundance mutations. Here, we describe a single-tube, multiplex PCR-based system, A-Star, that involves a hyperthermophilic Argonaute from Pyrococcus furiosus (PfAgo) for highly efficient detection of rare mutations beneficial from its compatibility with DNA polymerase. This novel technique uses a specific guide design strategy to allow PfAgo selective cleavage with single-nucleotide resolution at 94°C, thus mostly eliminating wild-type DNA in the denaturation step and efficiently amplifying rare mutant DNA during the PCR process. The integrated single-tube system achieved great efficiency for enriching rare mutations compared with a divided system separating the cleavage and amplification. Thus, A-Star enables easy detection and quantification of 0.01% rare mutations with ≥5500-fold increase in efficiency. The feasibility of A-Star was also demonstrated for detecting oncogenic mutations in solid tumor tissues and blood samples. Remarkably, A-Star achieved simultaneous detection of multiple oncogenes through a simple single-tube reaction by orthogonal guide-directed specific cleavage. This study demonstrates a supersensitive and rapid nucleic acid detection system with promising potential for both research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guanhua Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhonglei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuesheng Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Litao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School ofMedicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shukun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pengshu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xingyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Heshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai Li
- GeneTalks Biotechnology Inc., Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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24
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Sánchez-Salcedo R, Miranda-Castro R, de-Los-Santos-Álvarez N, Lobo-Castañón MJ. Dual electrochemical genosensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer through lncRNAs detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113520. [PMID: 34311209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is the gold standard for the screening of prostate cancer (PCa), despite its limited clinical specificity. Long noncoding RNAs are released from the tumor tissue to the urine and show great potential for improving specificity in PCa diagnosis. This work reports on a sandwich-type hybridization assay to detect both the urinary biomarker prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) and an endogenous control, the PSA mRNA. Multiple fluorescein-tagged hybridization assistant probes are used to promote the selective capture of this long noncoding RNA, and sensitivity by incorporating multiple redox enzymes per target molecule, after addition of antifluorescein Fab fragment-peroxidase conjugate. This strategy alleviates the problems associated with the low natural abundance of this marker, its large size, and complex secondary structure. The individual genosensors exhibit good sensitivity (2.48 ± 0.01 μA nM-1 and 6.4 ± 0.3 μA nM-1 for PCA3 and PSA, respectively), with wide linear ranges (from 25 pM to 10 nM for PCA3 and 1 nM for PSA), and detection limits in the low picomolar range (4.4 pM and 1.5 pM for PCA3 and PSA, respectively). This analytical performance is retained in the dual configuration without significant cross-talk, despite using the same enzyme label. The usefulness of this dual platform was demonstrated by analyzing RNA extracts from the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and from urine samples of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sánchez-Salcedo
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica. Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Miranda-Castro
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica. Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noemí de-Los-Santos-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica. Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Jesús Lobo-Castañón
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica. Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
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25
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Luchian T, Mereuta L, Park Y, Asandei A, Schiopu I. Single-molecule, hybridization-based strategies for short nucleic acids detection and recognition with nanopores. Proteomics 2021; 22:e2100046. [PMID: 34275186 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has seen large developments over the last 30 years through the combination of detection and discovery of DNAs, and solid phase synthesis to increase the chemical functionalities on nucleic acids, leading to the emergence of novel and sophisticated in features, nucleic acids-based biopolymers. Arguably, nanopores developed for fast and direct detection of a large variety of molecules, are part of a revolutionary technological evolution which led to cheaper, smaller and considerably easier to use devices enabling DNA detection and sequencing at the single-molecule level. Through their versatility, the nanopore-based tools proved useful biomedicine, nanoscale chemistry, biology and physics, as well as other disciplines spanning materials science to ecology and anthropology. This mini-review discusses the progress of nanopore- and hybridization-based DNA detection, and explores a range of state-of-the-art applications afforded through the combination of certain synthetically-derived polymers mimicking nucleic acids and nanopores, for the single-molecule biophysics on short DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Luchian
- Department of Physics, Alexandru I. Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Loredana Mereuta
- Department of Physics, Alexandru I. Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Alina Asandei
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Sciences Department, "Alexandru I. Cuza" University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Schiopu
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Sciences Department, "Alexandru I. Cuza" University, Iasi, Romania
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26
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Li L, You H, Zhao L, Zhang R, Amin MU, Fang J. Switchable Binding Energy of Ionic Compounds and Application in Customizable Ligand Exchange for Colloid Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5271-5278. [PMID: 34060845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engineer the surface ligands or adsorbed molecules on colloid nanocrystals (NCs) is important for various applications, as the physical and chemical properties are strongly affected by the surface chemistry. Here, we develop a facile and generalized ionic compound-mediated ligand-exchange strategy based on density functional theory calculations, in which the ionic compounds possess switchable bonding energy when they transfer between the ionized state and the non-ionized state, hence catalyzing the ligand-exchange process. By using an organic acid as the intermediate ligand, ligands such as oleylamine, butylamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and poly(vinyl alcohol) can be freely exchanged on the surface of Au NCs. Benefiting from this unique ligand-exchange strategy, the ligands with strong bonding energy can be replaced by weak ones, which is hard to realize in traditional ligand-exchange processes. The ionic compound-mediated ligand exchange is further utilized to improve the catalytic properties of Au NCs, facilitate the loading of nanoparticles on substrates, and tailor the growth of colloid NCs. These results indicate that the mechanism of switchable bonding energy can be significantly expanded to manipulate the surface property and functionalization of NCs that have applications in a wide range of chemical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun You
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Usman Amin
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jixiang Fang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710049, P. R. China
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Chen K, Zhao H, Wang Z, Lan M. A novel signal amplification label based on AuPt alloy nanoparticles supported by high-active carbon for the electrochemical detection of circulating tumor DNA. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1169:338628. [PMID: 34088375 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has increasingly received a great deal of attention considering its significance in cancer diagnosis. And the signal amplification plays an important role in the development of sensitive ctDNA biosensors. Herein, the nanocomposites (denoted as HAC-AuPt), integrating from high-active carbon (HAC) and AuPt alloy nanoparticles, were synthesized and subsequently used as a signal amplification label to fabricate a sandwich-type ctDNA electrochemical biosensor. Characterizations demonstrated that HAC presents uniform size distribution and AuPt alloy nanoparticles were successfully loaded on HAC. The current response could be amplified to a great extent by the resultant HAC-AuPt due to its excellent electrochemical property. The nanocomposites were further bounded with DNA signal probes (SPs) via Au-S or Pt-S assembly to form SPs-label. After the capture probes (CPs) were immobilized on the electrode surface, the target DNA (tDNA) and SPs-label were stepwise incubated on the CPs-modified electrode, thus forming a sandwich-type structure. By monitoring the catalytic signal of HAC-AuPt towards the reduction process of H2O2, this biosensor provided a wide linear range of 10-8 mol/L - 10-16 mol/L with a low detection limit of 3.6 × 10-17 mol/L (S/N = 3) for the detection of the tDNA. Furthermore, obvious differences in response signals among different DNAs were observed benefitting from the excellent selectivity of the biosensor. Besides, the long-term stability, reproducibility, and recovery rate were proved to be outstanding. These results indicate that the established biosensor holds a potential application in the clinical diagnosis of ctDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicha Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Kalogianni DP. Nanotechnology in emerging liquid biopsy applications. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:13. [PMID: 33934252 PMCID: PMC8088419 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is considered as the most attractive alternative to traditional tissue biopsies. The major advantages of this approach lie in the non-invasive procedure, the rapidness of sample collection and the potential for early cancer diagnosis and real-time monitoring of the disease and the treatment response. Nanotechnology has dynamically emerged in a wide range of applications in the field of liquid biopsy. The benefits of using nanomaterials for biosensing include high sensitivity and detectability, simplicity in many cases, rapid analysis, the low cost of the analysis and the potential for portability and personalized medicine. The present paper reports on the nanomaterial-based methods and biosensors that have been developed for liquid biopsy applications. Most of the nanomaterials used exhibit great analytical performance; moreover, extremely low limits of detection have been achieved for all studied targets. This review will provide scientists with a comprehensive overview of all the nanomaterials and techniques that have been developed for liquid biopsy applications. A comparison of the developed methods in terms of detectability, dynamic range, time-length of the analysis and multiplicity, is also provided.
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Hairpin DNA-Mediated isothermal amplification (HDMIA) techniques for nucleic acid testing. Talanta 2021; 226:122146. [PMID: 33676697 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid detection is of great importance in a variety of areas, from life science and clinical diagnosis to environmental monitoring and food safety. Unfortunately, nucleic acid targets are always found in trace amounts and their response signals are difficult to be detected. Amplification mechanisms are then practically needed to either duplicate nucleic acid targets or enhance the detection signals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most popular and powerful techniques for nucleic acid analysis. But the requirement of costly devices for precise thermo-cycling procedures in PCR has severely hampered the wide applications of PCR. Fortunately, isothermal molecular reactions have emerged as promising alternatives. The past decade has witnessed significant progress in the research of isothermal molecular reactions utilizing hairpin DNA probes (HDPs). Based on the nucleic acid strand interaction mechanisms, the hairpin DNA-mediated isothermal amplification (HDMIA) techniques can be mainly divided into three categories: strand assembly reactions, strand decomposition reactions, and strand creation reactions. In this review, we introduce the basics of HDMIA methods, including the sensing principles, the basic and advanced designs, and their wide applications, especially those benefiting from the utilization of G-quadruplexes and nanomaterials during the past decade. We also discuss the current challenges encountered, highlight the potential solutions, and point out the possible future directions in this prosperous research area.
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Liquid biopsy genotyping by a simple lateral flow strip assay with visual detection. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1163:338470. [PMID: 34024417 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, as a minimally invasive method that allows real-time monitoring of the tumor genome, represents a competing approach for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy decision making. Liquid biopsy in cancer patients mainly includes analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). ctDNA is the tumor-derived fraction of the cell-free DNA present in the blood. ctDNA is detected based on cancer-specific genomic aberrations (mainly mutations) and represents a challenging analyte due to high fragmentation and low concentration. Several methodologies have been developed for ctDNA analysis in cancer patients but many of these technologies are too time-intensive, complicated and expensive for implementation in diagnostic testing. Herein, we developed a novel lateral flow strip assay for mutational analysis of ctDNA in blood samples and visual detection that is based on gold nanoparticles as reporters. As a model, common single-point mutations of the KRAS gene, related to colorectal cancer (CRC), have been selected for method development. The proposed DNA biosensor has been successfully applied for the detection of three KRAS mutations (KRAS G12D/A/V), along with the wild-type KRAS gene in synthetic DNA targets, cancer cell lines and cfDNA from blood samples of healthy individuals and CRC patients. The main advantages of the proposed lateral flow assay are simplicity, rapid analysis time (∼10 min) and visual detection without the requirement of special instrumentation. The assay is also cost-effective with high detectability, specificity and reproducibility and has the potential to be used as a portable and universal device. In conclusion, the proposed assay offers a rapid diagnostic strip test for visual genotyping, as an alternative approach for liquid biopsy applications.
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Abstract
Over the past decades, microfluidic devices based on many advanced techniques have aroused widespread attention in the fields of chemical, biological, and analytical applications. Integration of microdevices with a variety of chip designs will facilitate promising functionality. Notably, the combination of microfluidics with functional nanomaterials may provide creative ideas to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of various biospecies. In this review, focused on the microfluids and microdevices in terms of their fabrication, integration, and functions, we summarize the up-to-date developments in microfluidics-based analysis of biospecies, where biomarkers, small molecules, cells, and pathogens as representative biospecies have been explored in-depth. The promising applications of microfluidic biosensors including clinical diagnosis, food safety control, and environmental monitoring are also discussed. This review aims to highlight the importance of microfluidics-based biosensors in achieving high throughput, highly sensitive, and low-cost analysis and to promote microfluidics toward a wider range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Linlu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Ziyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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32
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Electrochemical biosensors for measurement of colorectal cancer biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2407-2428. [PMID: 33666711 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with one of the highest rates of mortality among cancers worldwide. The early detection and management of CRC is imperative. Biomarkers play an important role in CRC screening tests, CRC treatment, and prognosis and clinical management; thus rapid and sensitive detection of biomarkers is helpful for early detection of CRC. In recent years, electrochemical biosensors for detecting CRC biomarkers have been widely investigated. In this review, different electrochemical detection methods for CRC biomarkers including immunosensors, aptasensors, and genosensors are summarized. Further, representative examples are provided that demonstrate the advantages of electrochemical sensors modified by various nanomaterials. Finally, the limitations and prospects of biomarkers and electrochemical sensors in detection are also discussed. Graphical abstract.
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Chen D, Wu Y, Hoque S, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Rapid and ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of circulating tumor DNA by hybridization on the network of gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5196-5201. [PMID: 34163756 PMCID: PMC8179593 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate and robust method for quantifying the levels of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is vital if this potential biomarker is to be used for the early diagnosis of cancer. The analysis of ctDNA presents unique challenges because of its short half-life and ultralow abundance in early stage cancers. Here we develop an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for rapid detection of ctDNA in whole blood. The sensing of ctDNA is based on hybridization on a network of probe DNA modified gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles (DNA-Au@MNPs). This DNA-Au@MNPs biosensor can selectively detect short- and long-strand DNA targets. It has a broad dynamic range (2 aM to 20 nM) for 22 nucleotide DNA target with an ultralow detection limit of 3.3 aM. For 101 nucleotide ctDNA target, a dynamic range from 200 aM to 20 nM was achieved with a detection limit of 5 fM. This DNA-Au@MNPs based sensor provides a promising method to achieve 20 min response time and minimally invasive cancer early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfei Chen
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Yanfang Wu
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sharmin Hoque
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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Sfragano PS, Pillozzi S, Palchetti I. Electrochemical and PEC platforms for miRNA and other epigenetic markers of cancer diseases: Recent updates. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Pu J, Liu M, Li H, Liao Z, Zhao W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yu R. One-step enzyme-free detection of the miRNA let-7a via twin-stage signal amplification. Talanta 2021; 230:122158. [PMID: 33934803 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in diverse biological processes. The abnormal expression of miRNAs is related to the development of cancers and various diseases. It is of great importance to sensitively and accurately detect miRNAs for early disease diagnosis and treatment. Here, a new fluorescence strategy was initially proposed for the enzyme-free sensing of let-7a by combining the strand displacement reaction (SDR) with the hybridization chain reaction (HCR). The sensor was successfully applied to the detection of the let-7a gene with a wide linear range from 25 pM to 250 nM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.01 pM. The fluorescence intensity has a good linear relationship with the logarithm of the target concentration. In addition, the biosensor allowed for the highly sensitive detection of the target genes even in complex human serum samples. With simple operation yet improved detection capability for let-7a, the developed fluorescent biosensor thus shows great potential for early clinical diagnosis as well as biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Pu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, PR China
| | - Mingbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, PR China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, PR China.
| | | | - Weihua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, PR China
| | - Suqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Ruqin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
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36
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Ma Q, Liu T, Xu R, Du Q, Gao P, Xia F. Revealing the Critical Role of Probe Grafting Density in Nanometric Confinement in Ionic Signal via an Experimental and Theoretical Study. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1984-1990. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianle Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ranhao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qiujiao Du
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Yang X, Feng M, Xia J, Zhang F, Wang Z. An electrochemical biosensor based on AuNPs/Ti3C2 MXene three-dimensional nanocomposite for microRNA-155 detection by exonuclease III-aided cascade target recycling. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Attoye B, Pou C, Blair E, Rinaldi C, Thomson F, Baker MJ, Corrigan DK. Developing a Low-Cost, Simple-to-Use Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Circulating Tumour DNA in Human Fluids. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E156. [PMID: 33126531 PMCID: PMC7692145 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that two major issues, preventing improved outcomes from cancer are late diagnosis and the evolution of drug resistance during chemotherapy, therefore technologies that address these issues can have a transformative effect on healthcare workflows. In this work we present a simple, low-cost DNA biosensor that was developed specifically to detect mutations in a key oncogene (KRAS). The sensor employed was a screen-printed array of carbon electrodes, used to perform parallel measurements of DNA hybridisation. A DNA amplification reaction was developed with primers for mutant and wild type KRAS sequences which amplified target sequences from representative clinical samples to detectable levels in as few as twenty cycles. High levels of sensitivity were demonstrated alongside a clear exemplar of assay specificity by showing the mutant KRAS sequence was detectable against a significant background of wild type DNA following amplification and hybridisation on the sensor surface. The time to result was found to be 3.5 h with considerable potential for optimisation through assay integration. This quick and versatile biosensor has the potential to be deployed in a low-cost, point-of-care test where patients can be screened either for early diagnosis purposes or monitoring of response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukola Attoye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, Glasgow G1 1QE, UK; (E.B.); (D.K.C.)
| | - Chantevy Pou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.P.); (F.T.)
| | - Ewen Blair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, Glasgow G1 1QE, UK; (E.B.); (D.K.C.)
| | - Christopher Rinaldi
- Technology and Innovation Centre, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George street, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK; (C.R.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Fiona Thomson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.P.); (F.T.)
| | - Matthew J. Baker
- Technology and Innovation Centre, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George street, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK; (C.R.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Damion K. Corrigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, Glasgow G1 1QE, UK; (E.B.); (D.K.C.)
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Shandilya R, Bunkar N, Kumari R, Bhargava A, Chaudhury K, Goryacheva IY, Mishra PK. Immuno-cytometric detection of circulating cell free methylated DNA, post-translationally modified histones and micro RNAs using semi-conducting nanocrystals. Talanta 2020; 222:121516. [PMID: 33167226 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic potential of cell free epigenomic signatures is largely driven by the fact that manifold quantities of methylated DNA, post-translationally modified histones and micro RNAs are released into systemic circulation in various non-communicable diseases. However, the time-consuming and specificity-related complications of conventional analytical procedures necessitate the development of a method which is rapid, selective and sensitive in nature. The present work illustrates a novel; prompt; "mix and measure" cytometric-based nano-biosensing system that offers direct quantification of cell-free circulating (ccf) epigenomic signatures (methylated ccf-DNA, tri-methylated histone H3 at lysine {4, 9, 27 & 36} and argonaute 2 protein-bound ccf-micro RNAs) using triple nano-assemblies in a single tube format. Each assembly with unique structural and spectral properties comprised of n-type semiconducting nanocrystals conjugated to a specific monoclonal antibody. Our results suggested that the developed combinatorial approach may offer simultaneous detection of three distinct yet biologically interrelated signatures with high selectivity and sensitivity using flow cytometry and fluorometry in the enriched and test samples. The proposed novel nano-assembly based detection system has a considerable potential of emerging as a minimal invasive easy-to-use method that could possibly permit real-time, rapid and reproducible monitoring of epigenomic markers in clinical and field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchita Shandilya
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Neha Bunkar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Roshani Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Irina Yu Goryacheva
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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40
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Mujica ML, Gallay PA, Perrachione F, Montemerlo AE, Tamborelli LA, Vaschetti VM, Reartes DF, Bollo S, Rodríguez MC, Dalmasso PR, Rubianes MD, Rivas GA. New trends in the development of electrochemical biosensors for the quantification of microRNAs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113478. [PMID: 32768875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding regulatory RNAs that play an important role in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. Since their dysregulation has been associated with Alzheimer disease, cardiovascular diseases and different types of cancer, among others, miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases. The methods commonly used to quantify miRNAs are, in general, complex, costly, with limited application for point-of-care devices or resource-limited facilities. Electrochemical biosensors, mainly those based on nanomaterials, have emerged as a promising alternative to the conventional miRNA detection methods and have paved the way to the development of sensitive, fast, and low-cost detection systems. This review is focused on the most relevant contributions performed in the field of electrochemical miRNAs biosensors between 2017 and the beginning of 2020. The main contribution of this article is the critical discussion of the different amplification strategies and the comparative analysis between amplified and non-amplified miRNA electrochemical biosensing and between the different amplification schemes. Particular emphasis was given to the importance of the nanostructures, enzymes, labelling molecules, and special sequences of nucleic acids or analogues on the organization of the different bioanalytical platforms, the transduction of the hybridization event and the generation the analytical signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael López Mujica
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Gallay
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabrizio Perrachione
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Antonella E Montemerlo
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis A Tamborelli
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; CIQA-CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad Regional Córdoba, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Maestro López esq, Cruz Roja Argentina, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia M Vaschetti
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; CIQA-CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad Regional Córdoba, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Maestro López esq, Cruz Roja Argentina, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daiana F Reartes
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Soledad Bollo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela C Rodríguez
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo R Dalmasso
- CIQA-CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad Regional Córdoba, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Maestro López esq, Cruz Roja Argentina, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María D Rubianes
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Rivas
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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41
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Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B. A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8968-8971. [PMID: 32638761 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A lung cancer diagnostic kit (LCDK) with the advantages of low cost, easy operation and high sensitivity for the rapid diagnosis of lung cancer was developed. The proposed LCDK is able to noninvasively discriminate lung cancer using clinical salivary and urine samples in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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Mauriz E. Low-Fouling Substrates for Plasmonic Sensing of Circulating Biomarkers in Biological Fluids. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10060063. [PMID: 32531908 PMCID: PMC7345924 DOI: 10.3390/bios10060063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of biomarkers in body fluids provides valuable prognostic information regarding disease onset and progression. Most biosensing approaches use noninvasive screening tools and are conducted in order to improve early clinical diagnosis. However, biofouling of the sensing surface may disturb the quantification of circulating biomarkers in complex biological fluids. Thus, there is a great need for antifouling interfaces to be designed in order to reduce nonspecific adsorption and prevent inactivation of biological receptors and loss of sensitivity. To address these limitations and enable their application in clinical practice, a variety of plasmonic platforms have been recently developed for biomarker analysis in easily accessible biological fluids. This review presents an overview of the latest advances in the design of antifouling strategies for the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers on the basis of the characteristics of biological samples. The impact of nanoplasmonic biosensors as point-of-care devices has been examined for a wide range of biomarkers associated with cancer, inflammatory, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical applications in readily obtainable biofluids such as blood, saliva, urine, tears and cerebrospinal and synovial fluids, covering almost the whole range of plasmonic applications, from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Mauriz
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain;
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain
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Masterson AN, Liyanage T, Berman C, Kaimakliotis H, Johnson M, Sardar R. A novel liquid biopsy-based approach for highly specific cancer diagnostics: mitigating false responses in assaying patient plasma-derived circulating microRNAs through combined SERS and plasmon-enhanced fluorescence analyses. Analyst 2020; 145:4173-4180. [PMID: 32490854 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that microRNAs, which are small noncoding RNAs, hold tremendous promise as next-generation circulating biomarkers for early cancer detection via liquid biopsies. A novel, solid-state nanoplasmonic sensor capable of assaying circulating microRNAs through a combined surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) approach has been developed. Here, the unique localized surface plasmon resonance properties of chemically-synthesized gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs) are utilized to create large SERS and PEF enhancements. With careful modification to the surface of Au TNPs, this sensing approach is capable of quantifying circulating microRNAs at femtogram/microliter concentrations. Uniquely, the multimodal analytical methods mitigate both false positive and false negative responses and demonstrate the high stability of our sensors within bodily fluids. As a proof of concept, microRNA-10b and microRNA-96 were directly assayed from the plasma of six bladder cancer patients. Results show potential for a highly specific liquid biopsy method that could be used in point-of-care clinical diagnostics to increase early cancer detection or any other diseases including SARS-CoV-2 in which RNAs can be used as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna N Masterson
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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Cordaro A, Neri G, Sciortino MT, Scala A, Piperno A. Graphene-Based Strategies in Liquid Biopsy and in Viral Diseases Diagnosis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1014. [PMID: 32466536 PMCID: PMC7353367 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials are intriguing nanomaterials with applications ranging from nanotechnology-related devices to drug delivery systems and biosensing. Multifunctional graphene platforms were proposed for the detection of several typical biomarkers (i.e., circulating tumor cells, exosomes, circulating nucleic acids, etc.) in liquid biopsy, and numerous methods, including optical, electrochemical, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), etc., have been developed for their detection. Due to the massive advancements in biology, material chemistry, and analytical technology, it is necessary to review the progress in this field from both medical and chemical sides. Liquid biopsy is considered a revolutionary technique that is opening unexpected perspectives in the early diagnosis and, in therapy monitoring, severe diseases, including cancer, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although nanotechnology based on graphene has been poorly applied for the rapid diagnosis of viral diseases, the extraordinary properties of graphene (i.e., high electronic conductivity, large specific area, and surface functionalization) can be also exploited for the diagnosis of emerging viral diseases, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review aimed to provide a comprehensive and in-depth summarization of the contribution of graphene-based nanomaterials in liquid biopsy, discussing the remaining challenges and the future trend; moreover, the paper gave the first look at the potentiality of graphene in COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.N.); (M.T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Giulia Neri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.N.); (M.T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.N.); (M.T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Scala
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.N.); (M.T.S.); (A.S.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Unità Operativa dell’Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.N.); (M.T.S.); (A.S.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Unità Operativa dell’Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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45
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Ungerer V, Bronkhorst AJ, Holdenrieder S. Preanalytical variables that affect the outcome of cell-free DNA measurements. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:484-507. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1750558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vida Ungerer
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Abel J. Bronkhorst
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Miranda-Castro R, Palchetti I, de-los-Santos-Álvarez N. The Translational Potential of Electrochemical DNA-Based Liquid Biopsy. Front Chem 2020; 8:143. [PMID: 32266206 PMCID: PMC7099045 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Latest technological advancement has tremendously expanded the knowledge on the composition of body fluids and the cancer-associated changes, which has fueled the replacement of invasive biopsies with liquid biopsies by using appropriate specific receptors. DNA emerges as a versatile analytical reagent in electrochemical devices for hybridization-based or aptamer-based recognition of all kind of biomarkers. In this mini review, we briefly introduce the current affordable targets (tumor-derived nucleic acids, circulating tumor cells and exosomes) in body fluids, and then we provide an overview of selected electrochemical methods already applied in clinical samples by dividing them into three large categories according to sample type: red (blood), yellow (urine), and white (saliva and sweat) diagnostics. This review focuses on the hurdles of the complex matrices rather than a comprehensive and detailed revision of the format schemes of DNA-based electrochemical sensing. This diverse perspective compiles some challenges that are often forgotten and critically underlines real sample analysis or clinical validation assays. Finally, the needs and trends to reach the market are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Miranda-Castro
- Departamento Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Noemí de-los-Santos-Álvarez
- Departamento Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Sforzi J, Ferrauto G, Aime S, Geninatti Crich S. A Simple and Fast Assay Based on Carboxyfluorescein-Loaded Liposome for Quantitative DNA Detection. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1764-1772. [PMID: 32039311 PMCID: PMC7003241 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of an innovative and easy way to run assays for the quantitative detection of DNA present in biological fluids (i.e., blood, urine, and saliva) is of great interest for early diagnosis (e.g., tumors) and personalized medicine. Herein, a new quantitative assay based on the use of highly sensitive carboxyfluorescein-loaded liposomes as signal amplification systems is reported. The method has been tested for the detection of low amounts of DNA sequences. The reported proof of concept exploits a target DNA molecule as a linker between two complementary oligonucleotides. One oligonucleotide is biotinylated at its 3' end and binds to streptavidin-coupled magnetic beads, whereas the other one is conjugated to a cholesterol molecule incorporated in the phospholipidic bilayer of the fluorescent liposomes. In the presence of the target fragment, the correct formation of a construct takes place as witnessed by a strong fluorescence signal, amplified by dissolving lipidic nanoparticles with Triton X-100. The system is able to detect specific nucleotide sequences with a very low detection threshold of target DNA (tens of picomolar). The assay allows the detection of both single- and double-stranded DNA. Studies performed in human blood serum show the correct assembling of the probe but with a reduction of limit of detection (up to ∼1 nM). This liposome signal amplification strategy could be used not only for the detection of DNA but also for other nucleic acids (mRNA; microRNA) that are difficult to be quantified by currently available protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sforzi
- Molecular
Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and IBB-CNR, c/o
Molecular Biotechnology Center, University
of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferrauto
- Molecular
Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and IBB-CNR, c/o
Molecular Biotechnology Center, University
of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- E-mail:
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular
Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and IBB-CNR, c/o
Molecular Biotechnology Center, University
of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Simonetta Geninatti Crich
- Molecular
Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and IBB-CNR, c/o
Molecular Biotechnology Center, University
of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Opportunities, Challenges, and Prospects in Electrochemical Biosensing of Circulating Tumor DNA and its Specific Features. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19173762. [PMID: 31480367 PMCID: PMC6749466 DOI: 10.3390/s19173762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a very small part of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) carried by blood, is considered to be an interesting alternative to conventional single-site tumor tissue biopsies, both to assess tumor burden and provide a more comprehensive snapshot of the time-related and spatial heterogeneity of cancer genetic/epigenetic scenery. The determination of ctDNA and/or mapping its characteristic features, including tumor-specific mutations, chromosomal aberrations, microsatellite alterations, and epigenetic changes, are minimally invasive, powerful and credible biomarkers for early diagnosis, follow-up, prediction of therapy response/resistance, relapse monitoring, and tracking the rise of new mutant subclones, leading to improved cancer outcomes This review provides an outline of advances published in the last five years in electrochemical biosensing of ctDNA and surrogate markers. It emphasizes those strategies that have been successfully applied to real clinical samples. It highlights the unique opportunities they offer to shift the focus of cancer patient management methods from actual decision making, based on clinic-pathological features, to biomarker-driven treatment strategies, based on genotypes and customized targeted therapies. Also highlighted are the unmet hurdles and future key points to guide these devices in the development of liquid biopsy cornerstone tools in routine clinical practice for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response monitoring in cancer patients.
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