1
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Wang P, Lin L, Huang Y, Zhang H, Liao S. Radical Fluorosulfonamidation: A Facile Access to Sulfamoyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405944. [PMID: 38837324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the introduction of fluorosulfonyl (-SO2F) groups have attracted considerable research interests, as this moiety could often afford enhanced activities and new functions in the context of chemical biology and drug discovery. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of 1-fluorosulfamoyl-pyridinium (FSAP) salts, which could serve as an effective photoredox-active precursor to fluorosulfamoyl radicals and enable the direct radical C-H fluorosulfonamidation of a variety of (hetero)arenes. This method features mild conditions, visible light, broad substrate scope, good group tolerance, etc., and a metal-free protocol is also viable by using organic photocatalysts. Further, FSAP can also be applied to the radical functionalization of alkenes via 1,2-difunctionalization, radical distal migration, tandem radical-polar crossover reactions, etc. In addition, a formal C-H methylamination of (hetero)arenes by combining this radical C-H fluorosulfonamidation with subsequent hydrolysis as well as product derivatization are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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2
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Schoetz MD, Deckers K, Singh G, Ahrweiler E, Hoeppner A, Schoenebeck F. Electrochemistry-Enabled C-Heteroatom Bond Formation of Alkyl Germanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21257-21263. [PMID: 39058901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Because of their robustness and orthogonal reactivity features, alkyl germanes bear significant potential as functional handles for the construction of C(sp3)-rich scaffolds, especially in the context of modular synthetic approaches. However, to date, only radical-based reactivity has been accessible from these functional handles, which limits the types of possible decorations. Here, we describe the first general C(sp3)-heteroatom bond formation of alkyl germanes (-GeEt3) by leveraging electrochemistry to unlock polar reactivity. This approach allowed us to couple C(sp3)-GeEt3 with a variety of nucleophiles to construct ethers, esters, amines, amides, sulfonamides, sulfides, as well as C-P, C-F, and C-C bonds. The compatibility of the electrochemical approach with a modular synthetic strategy of a C1 motif was also showcased, involving the sequential functionalization of Cl, Bpin, and ultimately GeEt3 via electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric Ahrweiler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Hoeppner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Ahrweiler E, Schoetz MD, Singh G, Bindschaedler QP, Sorroche A, Schoenebeck F. Triply Selective & Sequential Diversification at C sp 3: Expansion of Alkyl Germane Reactivity for C-C & C-Heteroatom Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401545. [PMID: 38386517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
We report the triply selective and sequential diversification of a single Csp 3 carbon carrying Cl, Bpin and GeEt3 for the modular and programmable construction of sp3-rich molecules. Various functionalizations of Csp 3-Cl and Csp 3-BPin (e.g. alkylation, arylation, homologation, amination, hydroxylation) were tolerated by the Csp 3-GeEt3 group. Moreover, the methodological repertoire of alkyl germane functionalization was significantly expanded beyond the hitherto known Giese addition and arylation to alkynylation, alkenylation, cyanation, halogenation, azidation, C-S bond formation as well as the first demonstration of stereo-selective functionalization of a Csp 3-[Ge] bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ahrweiler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Markus D Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Quentin P Bindschaedler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Alba Sorroche
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
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4
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Audet F, Donnard M, Panossian A, Bernier D, Pazenok S, Leroux FR. New Chemical Transformations Involving SO 2 F 2 -Mediated Alcohol Activation. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300107. [PMID: 37236146 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sulfuryl fluoride is a gas produced on a multi-ton scale for its use as a fumigant. In the last decades, it has gained interest in organic synthesis as a reagent with unique properties in terms of stability and reactivity when compared to other sulfur-based reagents. Sulfuryl fluoride has not only been used for sulfur-fluoride exchange (SuFEx) chemistry but also encountered applications in classic organic synthesis as an efficient activator of both alcohols and phenols, forming a triflate surrogate, namely a fluorosulfonate. A long-standing industrial collaboration in our research group drove our work on the sulfuryl fluoride-mediated transformations that will be highlighted below. We will first describe recent works on metal-catalyzed transformations from aryl fluorosulfonates while emphasizing the one-pot processes from phenol derivatives. In a second section, nucleophilic substitution reactions on polyfluoroalkyl alcohols will be discussed and the value of polyfluoroalkyl fluorosulfonates in comparison to alternative triflate and halide reagents will be brought to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Audet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Morgan Donnard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Armen Panossian
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Bernier
- Bayer S.A.S., 14 impasse Pierre Baizet, 69263, Lyon, France
| | - Sergii Pazenok
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred Nobel Straße 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Frédéric R Leroux
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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5
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Karl TM, Bouayad-Gervais S, Hueffel JA, Sperger T, Wellig S, Kaldas SJ, Dabranskaya U, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Tizzard GJ, Schoenebeck F. Machine Learning-Guided Development of Trialkylphosphine Ni (I) Dimers and Applications in Site-Selective Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37411044 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the unknown correlation of a metal's ligand and its resulting preferred speciation in terms of oxidation state, geometry, and nuclearity, a rational design of multinuclear catalysts remains challenging. With the goal to accelerate the identification of suitable ligands that form trialkylphosphine-derived dihalogen-bridged Ni(I) dimers, we herein employed an assumption-based machine learning approach. The workflow offers guidance in ligand space for a desired speciation without (or only minimal) prior experimental data points. We experimentally verified the predictions and synthesized numerous novel Ni(I) dimers as well as explored their potential in catalysis. We demonstrate C-I selective arylations of polyhalogenated arenes bearing competing C-Br and C-Cl sites in under 5 min at room temperature using 0.2 mol % of the newly developed dimer, [Ni(I)(μ-Br)PAd2(n-Bu)]2, which is so far unmet with alternative dinuclear or mononuclear Ni or Pd catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Karl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Samir Bouayad-Gervais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian A Hueffel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wellig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sherif J Kaldas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Jas S Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, FIN40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, FIN40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southhampton, U.K
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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6
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Saraswat SK, Seemaladinne R, Abdullah MN, Zaini H, Ahmad N, Ahmad N, Vessally E. Aryl fluorosulfates: powerful and versatile partners in cross-coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13642-13654. [PMID: 37152576 PMCID: PMC10155759 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01791e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl fluorosulfates are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis and have gained increasing attention in SuFEx (Sulfur Fluoride Exchange) click chemistry. They are easily and conveniently prepared from phenols using sulfuryl fluoride SO2F2 as a low-cost sulfonyl fluoride provider. Recently, they served as less toxic and more atom economical alternatives to triflates in an impressive number of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling reactions. In this review, we summarize the current advances and developments in applying aryl fluorosulfates as electrophilic partners in cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Media Noori Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Halim Zaini
- Departement Chemical Engineering of Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe Indonesia
| | - Nabeel Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University Dehradun-248007 Uttarakhand India
| | - Nafis Ahmad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box: 960 Abha 61421 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esmail Vessally
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University P.O. Box 19395-1697 Tehran Iran
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7
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Lin L, Wang P, Dong T, Tsui GC, Liao S. Radical Fluorosulfonyl Heteroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones and Related N-Heterocycles. Org Lett 2023; 25:1088-1093. [PMID: 36775923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of sulfonyl fluoride groups into molecules has been proved effective to enhance their biological activities or introduce new functions. Herein, we report a transition-metal-free and visible-light-mediated radical 1-fluorosulfonyl-2-heteroarylation of alkenes, which could allow access to a series of SO2F-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, which are a critical structural motif widely present in a number of biologically active molecules. Further application of the method to the modification of other heterocycles and drug molecules as well as ligation chemistry via SuFEx click reactions is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 12333, China
| | - Gavin Chit Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 12333, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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8
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Mendel M, Gnägi L, Dabranskaya U, Schoenebeck F. Rapid and Modular Access to Vinyl Cyclopropanes Enabled by Air-stable Palladium(I) Dimer Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211167. [PMID: 36226918 PMCID: PMC10107780 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While vinyl cyclopropanes are valuable functional groups in drugs or natural products as well as established precursors to trigger a rich variety of synthetic transformations, their reactive nature can make their installation via direct catalytic approaches challenging. We herein present a modular access to (di)vinyl cyclopropanes under very mild conditions and full conservation of stereochemistry, allowing access to the cis or trans cyclopropane- as well as E or Z vinyl-stereochemical relationships. Our protocol relies on air-stable dinuclear PdI catalysis, which enables rapid (<30 min) and selective access to a diverse range of vinyl cyclopropane motifs at room temperature, even on gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Lars Gnägi
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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9
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Yang S, Li H, Yu X, An J, Szostak M. Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Aryl Fluorosulfonates Mediated by Air- and Moisture-stable [Pd(NHC)(μ-Cl)Cl] 2 Precatalysts: Broad Platform for C–O Cross-Coupling of Stable Phenolic Electrophiles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15250-15260. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Hengzhao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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10
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Wang P, Zhang H, Zhao M, Ji S, Lin L, Yang N, Nie X, Song J, Liao S. Radical Hydro‐Fluorosulfonylation of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207684. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Mingqi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Shuangshuang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Lu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 China
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11
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Zhang G, Guan C, Han L, Zhao Y, Ding C. A late-stage functionalization tool: sulfonyl fluoride mediated deoxymethylation of phenols. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7640-7644. [PMID: 36124914 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The late-stage functionalization of drugs and natural products has been identified as a promising approach to accelerate the discovery of new bioactive compounds. Due to the presence of the "Magic Methyl Effect", the direct deoxymethylation of phenolic hydroxyl groups, which are widespread in natural molecules, is a challenging task. A mild and rapid strategy for direct phenol deoxymethylation under metal catalysis using SO2F2 is described in this paper, while good functional group tolerance and high chemoselectivity allow this strategy to be one of the powerful tools for LSF. The power of this new platform is showcased through gram-scale and orthogonal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenfei Guan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linjun Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiyong Zhao
- Zhejiang Ecological Environment Low Carbon Development Center, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Wang P, Zhang H, Zhao M, Ji S, Lin L, Yang N, Nie X, Song J, Liao S. Radical Hydro‐Fluorosulfonylation of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Fuzhou University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Mingqi Zhao
- Zhengzhou University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Shuangshuang Ji
- Zhengzhou University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Lu Lin
- Fuzhou University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Na Yang
- Fuzhou University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Jinshuai Song
- Zhengzhou University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Saihu Liao
- Fuzhou University College of Chemistry 2 Xueyuan RoadUniversity Town 350108 Fuzhou CHINA
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13
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Kreisel T, Mendel M, Queen AE, Deckers K, Hupperich D, Riegger J, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular Generation of (Iodinated) Polyarenes Using Triethylgermane as Orthogonal Masking Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201475. [PMID: 35263493 PMCID: PMC9314983 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While the modular construction of molecules from suitable building blocks is a powerful means to more rapidly generate a diversity of molecules than through customized syntheses, the further evolution of the underlying coupling methodology is key to realize widespread applications. We herein disclose a complementary modular coupling approach to the widely employed Suzuki coupling strategy of boron containing precursors, which relies on organogermane containing building blocks as key orthogonal functionality and an electrophilic (rather than nucleophilic) unmasking event paired with air-stable PdI dimer based bond construction. This allows to significantly shorten the reaction times for the iterative coupling steps and/or to close gaps in the accessible compound space, enabling straightforward access also to iodinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kreisel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Adele E. Queen
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Daniel Hupperich
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Julian Riegger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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14
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Selmani A, Schoetz MD, Queen AE, Schoenebeck F. Modularity in the C sp3 Space─Alkyl Germanes as Orthogonal Molecular Handles for Chemoselective Diversification. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Selmani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus D. Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adele E. Queen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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15
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Kreisel T, Mendel M, Queen AE, Deckers K, Hupperich D, Riegger J, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular Generation of (Iodinated) Polyarenes Using Triethylgermane as Orthogonal Masking Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kreisel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Adele E. Queen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Daniel Hupperich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Julian Riegger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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16
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Kundu G, Opincal F, Sperger T, Schoenebeck F. Air-Stable Pd I Dimer Enabled Remote Functionalization: Access to Fluorinated 1,1-Diaryl Alkanes with Unprecedented Speed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113667. [PMID: 34735037 PMCID: PMC9299613 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While remote functionalization via chain walking has the potential to enable access to molecules via novel disconnections, such processes require relatively long reaction times and can be in need of elevated temperatures. This work features a remote arylation in less than 10 min reaction time at room temperature over a distance of up to 11 carbons. The unprecedented speed is enabled by the air-stable PdI dimer [Pd(μ-I)(PCy2 t Bu)]2 , which in contrast to its Pt Bu3 counterpart does not trigger direct coupling at the initiation site, but regioconvergent and chemoselective remote functionalization to yield valuable fluorinated 1,1-diaryl alkanes. Our combined experimental and computational studies rationalize the origins of switchability, which are primarily due to differences in dispersion interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Filip Opincal
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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17
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Kundu G, Opincal F, Sperger T, Schoenebeck F. Air‐Stable Pd
I
Dimer Enabled Remote Functionalization: Access to Fluorinated 1,1‐Diaryl Alkanes with Unprecedented Speed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Filip Opincal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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18
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Zhang H, Li S, Zheng HL, Zhu G, Liao S, Nie X. Photocatalytic fluorosulfonylation of aliphatic carboxylic acid NHPI esters. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00861k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SO2 radical insertion/fluorination via a photocatalytic redox strategy is developed, providing an efficient and reliable approach for the synthesis of alkylsulfonyl fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shaojie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Han-Liang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
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19
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Cui J, Ke S, Zhao J, Wu S, Luo W, Xu S, Su X, Li Y. Photocatalytic access to aromatic keto sulfonyl fluorides from vinyl fluorosulfates. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00416j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalytic transformation of vinyl fluorosulfates to aromatic β-keto sulfonyl fluorides is developed using 1 mol% of Ir catalyst irradiated by 3 W blue LEDs. This methodology provides an efficient and readily scalable approach to aromatic β-keto sulfonyl fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Sen Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Fuzhou Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 350506, China
| | - Shufeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wencheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shinuo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaolong Su
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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20
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Lee C, Thomson BJ, Sammis GM. Rapid and column-free syntheses of acyl fluorides and peptides using ex situ generated thionyl fluoride. Chem Sci 2021; 13:188-194. [PMID: 35059166 PMCID: PMC8694322 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thionyl fluoride (SOF2) was first isolated in 1896, but there have been less than 10 subsequent reports of its use as a reagent for organic synthesis. This is partly due to a lack of facile, lab-scale methods for its generation. Herein we report a novel protocol for the ex situ generation of SOF2 and subsequent demonstration of its ability to access both aliphatic and aromatic acyl fluorides in 55-98% isolated yields under mild conditions and short reaction times. We further demonstrate its aptitude in amino acid couplings, with a one-pot, column-free strategy that affords the corresponding dipeptides in 65-97% isolated yields with minimal to no epimerization. The broad scope allows for a wide range of protecting groups and both natural and unnatural amino acids. Finally, we demonstrated that this new method can be used in sequential liquid phase peptide synthesis (LPPS) to afford tri-, tetra-, penta-, and decapeptides in 14-88% yields without the need for column chromatography. We also demonstrated that this new method is amenable to solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), affording di- and pentapeptides in 80-98% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Brodie J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Glenn M Sammis
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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21
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Chen D, Nie X, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Huang L, Huang S, Liao S. Electrochemical Oxo-Fluorosulfonylation of Alkynes under Air: Facile Access to β-Keto Sulfonyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27271-27276. [PMID: 34729882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Radical fluorosulfonylation is emerging as an appealing approach for the synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides, which have widespread applications in many fields, in particular in the context of chemical biology and drug development. Here, we report the first investigation of FSO2 radical generation under electrochemical conditions, and the establishment of a new and facile approach for the synthesis of β-keto sulfonyl fluorides via oxo-fluorosulfonylation of alkynes with sulfuryl chlorofluoride as the radical precursor and air as the oxidant. This electrochemical protocol is amenable to access two different products (β-keto sulfonyl fluorides or α-chloro-β-keto sulfonyl fluorides) with the same reactants. The β-keto sulfonyl fluoride products can be utilized as useful building blocks in the synthesis of various derivatives and heterocycles, including the first synthesis of an oxathiazole dioxide compound. Furthermore, some β-keto sulfonyl fluorides and derivatives exhibited notably potent activities against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qingyuan Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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22
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Chen D, Nie X, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Huang L, Huang S, Liao S. Electrochemical Oxo‐Fluorosulfonylation of Alkynes under Air: Facile Access to β‐Keto Sulfonyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Qingyuan Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Lin Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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23
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Nie X, Xu T, Hong Y, Zhang H, Mao C, Liao S. Introducing A New Class of Sulfonyl Fluoride Hubs via Radical Chloro-Fluorosulfonylation of Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22035-22042. [PMID: 34382306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonyl fluorides have widespread applications in many important fields, including ligation chemistry, chemical biology, and drug discovery. Therefore, new methods to increase the synthetic efficiency and expand the available structures of sulfonyl fluorides are highly in demand. Here, we introduce a new and powerful class of sulfonyl fluoride hubs, β-chloro alkenylsulfonyl fluorides (BCASF), which can be constructed via radical chloro-fluorosulfonyl difunctionalization of alkynes under photoredox conditions. BCASF molecules exhibit versatile reactivities and well undergo a series of transformations at the chloride site while keeping the sulfonyl fluoride group intact, including reduction, Suzuki coupling, Sonogashira coupling, as well as nucleophilic substitution with various nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles. By using BCASF as a synthetic hub, a wide range of sulfonyl fluorides becomes readily accessible, such as cis alkenylsulfonyl fluorides, dienylsulfonyl fluorides, and ynenylsulfonyl fluorides, which are challenging or even not possible to synthesize before with the known methods. Moreover, further application of BCASF to the late-stage modification of peptides and drugs is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Tianxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuhao Hong
- Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM) Center for Micro-nano Fabrication and Advanced Characterization, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chenxi Mao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, China
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24
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Nie X, Xu T, Hong Y, Zhang H, Mao C, Liao S. Introducing A New Class of Sulfonyl Fluoride Hubs via Radical Chloro‐Fluorosulfonylation of Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Tianxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yuhao Hong
- Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM) Center for Micro-nano Fabrication and Advanced Characterization Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Chenxi Mao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 China
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25
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Selmani A, Schoenebeck F. Transition-Metal-Free, Formal C–H Germylation of Arenes and Styrenes via Dibenzothiophenium Salts. Org Lett 2021; 23:4779-4784. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Selmani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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26
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Reeves EK, Entz ED, Neufeldt SR. Chemodivergence between Electrophiles in Cross-Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:6161-6177. [PMID: 33206420 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemodivergent cross-couplings are those in which either one of two (or more) potentially reactive functional groups can be made to react based on choice of conditions. In particular, this review focuses on cross-couplings involving two different (pseudo)halides that can compete for the role of the electrophilic coupling partner. The discussion is primarily organized by pairs of electrophiles including chloride vs. triflate, bromide vs. triflate, chloride vs. tosylate, and halide vs. halide. Some common themes emerge regarding the origin of selectivity control. These include catalyst ligation state and solvent polarity or coordinating ability. However, in many cases, further systematic studies will be necessary to deconvolute the influences of metal identity, ligand, solvent, additives, nucleophilic coupling partner, and other factors on chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Reeves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
| | - Emily D Entz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
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27
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Nie X, Xu T, Song J, Devaraj A, Zhang B, Chen Y, Liao S. Radical Fluorosulfonylation: Accessing Alkenyl Sulfonyl Fluorides from Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3956-3960. [PMID: 33197094 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonyl fluorides have widespread applications in many fields. In particular, their unique biological activity has drawn considerable research interest in the context of chemical biology and drug discovery in the past years. Therefore, new and efficient methods for the synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides are highly in demand. In contrast to extensive studies on FSO2 + -type reagents, a radical fluorosulfonylation reaction with a fluorosulfonyl radical (FSO2 . ) remains elusive so far, probably owing to its instability and difficulty in generation. Herein, the development of the first radical fluorosulfonylation of alkenes based on FSO2 radicals generated under photoredox conditions is reported. This radical approach provides a new and general access to alkenyl sulfonyl fluorides, including structures that would otherwise be challenging to synthesize with previously established cross-coupling methods. Moreover, extension to the late-stage fluorosulfonylation of natural products is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Tianxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Anandkumar Devaraj
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Bolun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, China
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28
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29
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Fricke C, Sperger T, Mendel M, Schoenebeck F. Catalysis with Palladium(I) Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3355-3366. [PMID: 33058375 PMCID: PMC7898807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear PdI complexes have found widespread applications as diverse catalysts for a multitude of transformations. Initially their ability to function as pre-catalysts for low-coordinated Pd0 species was harnessed in cross-coupling. Such PdI dimers are inherently labile and relatively sensitive to oxygen. In recent years, more stable dinuclear PdI -PdI frameworks, which feature bench-stability and robustness towards nucleophiles as well as recoverability in reactions, were explored and shown to trigger privileged reactivities via dinuclear catalysis. This includes the predictable and substrate-independent, selective C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations of poly(pseudo)halogenated arenes as well as couplings of arenes with relatively weak nucleophiles, which would not engage in Pd0 /PdII catalysis. This Minireview highlights the use of dinuclear PdI complexes as both pre-catalysts for the formation of highly active Pd0 and PdII -H species as well as direct dinuclear catalysts. Focus is set on the mechanistic intricacies, the speciation and the impacts on reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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30
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Sun X, Dong X, Liu H, Liu Y. Recent Progress in Palladium‐Catalyzed Radical Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Dong
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Liu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
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31
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Cheng Y, Yu S, He Y, An G, Li G, Yang Z. C4-arylation and domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration of indoles by tuning Pd catalytic modes: Pd(i)-Pd(ii) catalysis vs. Pd(ii) catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3216-3225. [PMID: 34164090 PMCID: PMC8179361 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient C4-arylation and domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration of indoles have been developed. The former route enables C4-arylation in a highly efficient and mild manner and the latter route provides an alternative straightforward protocol for synthesis of C2/C4 disubstituted indoles. The mechanism studies imply that the different reaction pathways were tuned by the distinct acid additives, which led to either the Pd(i)-Pd(ii) pathway or Pd(ii) catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui An
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
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32
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Nie X, Xu T, Song J, Devaraj A, Zhang B, Chen Y, Liao S. Radical Fluorosulfonylation: Accessing Alkenyl Sulfonyl Fluorides from Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Tianxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Anandkumar Devaraj
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Bolun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 China
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33
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Golding WA, Schmitt HL, Phipps RJ. Systematic Variation of Ligand and Cation Parameters Enables Site-Selective C-C and C-N Cross-Coupling of Multiply Chlorinated Arenes through Substrate-Ligand Electrostatic Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21891-21898. [PMID: 33332114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Use of attractive noncovalent interactions between ligand and substrate is an emerging strategy for controlling positional selectivity. A key question relates to whether fine control on molecules with multiple, closely spaced reactive positions is achievable using typically less directional electrostatic interactions. Herein, we apply a 10-piece "toolkit" comprising of two closely related sulfonated phosphine ligands and five bases, each possessing varying cation size, to the challenge of site-selective cross-coupling of multiply chlorinated arenes. The fine tuning provided by these ligand/base combinations is effective for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling on a range of isomeric dichlorinated and trichlorinated arenes, substrates that would produce intractable mixtures when typical ligands are used. This study develops a practical solution for site-selective cross-coupling to generate complex, highly substituted arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Golding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik L Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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34
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Kundu G, Sperger T, Rissanen K, Schoenebeck F. A Next-Generation Air-Stable Palladium(I) Dimer Enables Olefin Migration and Selective C-C Coupling in Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21930-21934. [PMID: 32810335 PMCID: PMC7756449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a new air-stable PdI dimer, [Pd(μ-I)(PCy2 t Bu)]2 , which triggers E-selective olefin migration to enamides and styrene derivatives in the presence of multiple functional groups and with complete tolerance of air. The same dimer also triggers extremely rapid C-C coupling (alkylation and arylation) at room temperature in a modular and triply selective fashion of aromatic C-Br, C-OTf/OFs, and C-Cl bonds in poly(pseudo)halogenated arenes, displaying superior activity over previous PdI dimer generations for substrates that bear substituents ortho to C-OTf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyvaskyla40014JYUFinland
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35
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Kundu G, Sperger T, Rissanen K, Schoenebeck F. A Next‐Generation Air‐Stable Palladium(I) Dimer Enables Olefin Migration and Selective C−C Coupling in Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Center University of Jyvaskyla 40014 JYU Finland
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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36
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Charboneau DJ, Barth EL, Hazari N, Uehling MR, Zultanski SL. A Widely Applicable Dual Catalytic System for Cross-Electrophile Coupling Enabled by Mechanistic Studies. ACS Catal 2020; 10:12642-12656. [PMID: 33628617 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A dual catalytic system for cross-electrophile coupling reactions between aryl halides and alkyl halides that features a Ni catalyst, a Co cocatalyst, and a mild homogeneous reductant is described. Mechanistic studies indicate that the Ni catalyst activates the aryl halide, while the Co cocatalyst activates the alkyl halide. This allows the system to be rationally optimized for a variety of substrate classes by simply modifying the loadings of the Ni and Co catalysts based on the reaction product profile. For example, the coupling of aryl bromides and aryl iodides with alkyl bromides, alkyl iodides, and benzyl chlorides is demonstrated using the same Ni and Co catalysts under similar reaction conditions but with different optimal catalyst loadings in each case. Our system is tolerant of numerous functional groups and is capable of coupling heteroaryl halides, di-ortho-substituted aryl halides, pharmaceutically relevant druglike aryl halides, and a diverse range of alkyl halides. Additionally, the dual catalytic platform facilitates a series of selective one-pot three-component cross-electrophile coupling reactions of bromo(iodo)arenes with two distinct alkyl halides. This demonstrates the unique level of control that the platform provides and enables the rapid generation of molecular complexity. The system can be readily utilized for a wide range of applications as all reaction components are commercially available, the reaction is scalable, and toxic amide-based solvents are not required. It is anticipated that this strategy, as well as the underlying mechanistic framework, will be generalizable to other cross-electrophile coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Charboneau
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Emily L. Barth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mycah R. Uehling
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L. Zultanski
- Merck & Co., Inc., Department of Process Research and Development, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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37
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Fricke C, Deckers K, Schoenebeck F. Orthogonal Stability and Reactivity of Aryl Germanes Enables Rapid and Selective (Multi)Halogenations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18717-18722. [PMID: 32656881 PMCID: PMC7590071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While halogenation is of key importance in synthesis and radioimaging, the currently available repertoire is largely designed to introduce a single halogen per molecule. This report makes the selective introduction of several different halogens accessible. Showcased here is the privileged stability of nontoxic aryl germanes under harsh fluorination conditions (that allow selective fluorination in their presence), while displaying superior reactivity and functional-group tolerance in electrophilic iodinations and brominations, outcompeting silanes or boronic esters under rapid and additive-free conditions. Mechanistic experiments and computational studies suggest a concerted electrophilic aromatic substitution as the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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38
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Fricke C, Deckers K, Schoenebeck F. Orthogonal Stability and Reactivity of Aryl Germanes Enables Rapid and Selective (Multi)Halogenations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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39
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Zhou T, Szostak M. Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings by C-O Bond Activation. Catal Sci Technol 2020; 10:5702-5739. [PMID: 33796263 PMCID: PMC8009314 DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl halides and reactive pseudohalides has revolutionized the way organic molecules are constructed today across various fields of chemistry, comparatively less progress has been made in the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of less reactive C-O electrophiles. This is despite the fact that the use of phenols and phenol derivatives as bench-stable cross-coupling partners has been well-recognized to bring about major advantages over aryl halides, such as (1) natural abundance of phenols, (2) avoidance of toxic halides, (3) orthogonal cross-coupling conditions, (4) prefunctionalization of phenolic substrates by electrophilic substitution or C-H functionalization, (5) ready availability of phenols from a different pool of precursors than aryl halides. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances made in the field of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of C-O electrophiles with a focus on (1) catalytic systems, (2) reaction type, and (3) class of C-O coupling partners. Although the field has been historically dominated by nickel catalysis, it is now evident that the use of more versatile, more functional group tolerant and highly active palladium catalysts supported by appropriately designed ancillary ligands enables the cross-coupling with improved substrate scope and generality, and likely represents a practical solution to the broadly applicable cross-coupling of various C-O bonds across diverse chemical disciplines. The review covers the period through June 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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40
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Sherborne GJ, Gevondian AG, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Dahiya A, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular and Selective Arylation of Aryl Germanes (C−GeEt
3
) over C−Bpin, C−SiR
3
and Halogens Enabled by Light‐Activated Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant J. Sherborne
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Avetik G. Gevondian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes‐Ardoiz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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41
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Sherborne GJ, Gevondian AG, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Dahiya A, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular and Selective Arylation of Aryl Germanes (C-GeEt 3 ) over C-Bpin, C-SiR 3 and Halogens Enabled by Light-Activated Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15543-15548. [PMID: 32392397 PMCID: PMC7496160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Selective Csp 2 -Csp 2 couplings are powerful strategies for the rapid and programmable construction of bi- or multiaryls. To this end, the next frontier of synthetic modularity will likely arise from harnessing the coupling space that is orthogonal to the powerful Pd-catalyzed coupling regime. This report details the realization of this concept and presents the fully selective arylation of aryl germanes (which are inert under Pd0 /PdII catalysis) in the presence of the valuable functionalities C-BPin, C-SiMe3 , C-I, C-Br, C-Cl, which in turn offer versatile opportunities for diversification. The protocol makes use of visible light activation combined with gold catalysis, which facilitates the selective coupling of C-Ge with aryl diazonium salts. Contrary to previous light-/gold-catalyzed couplings of Ar-N2 + , which were specialized in Ar-N2 + scope, we present conditions to efficiently couple electron-rich, electron-poor, heterocyclic and sterically hindered aryl diazonium salts. Our computational data suggest that while electron-poor Ar-N2 + salts are readily activated by gold under blue-light irradiation, there is a competing dissociative deactivation pathway for excited electron-rich Ar-N2 + , which requires an alternative photo-redox approach to enable productive couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J. Sherborne
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Avetik G. Gevondian
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Ignacio Funes‐Ardoiz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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42
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Bouayad‐Gervais S, Scattolin T, Schoenebeck F. N-Trifluoromethyl Hydrazines, Indoles and Their Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11908-11912. [PMID: 32293088 PMCID: PMC7384184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the first efficient strategy to synthesize a broad range of unsymmetrical N-CF3 hydrazines, which served as platform to unlock numerous currently inaccessible derivatives, such as tri- and tetra-substituted N-CF3 hydrazines, hydrazones, sulfonyl hydrazines, and valuable N-CF3 indoles. These compounds proved to be remarkably robust, being compatible with acids, bases, and a wide range of synthetic manipulations. The feasibility of RN(CF3 )-NH2 to function as a directing group in C-H functionalization is also showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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43
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Kang K, Huang L, Weix DJ. Sulfonate Versus Sulfonate: Nickel and Palladium Multimetallic Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Aryl Triflates with Aryl Tosylates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10634-10640. [PMID: 32486635 PMCID: PMC7373434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While phenols are frequent and convenient aryl sources in cross-coupling, typically as sulfonate esters, the direct cross-Ullmann coupling of two different sulfonate esters is unknown. We report here a general solution to this challenge catalyzed by a combination of Ni and Pd with Zn reductant and LiBr as an additive. The reaction has broad scope, as demonstrated in 33 examples (65% ± 11% average yield). Mechanistic studies show that Pd strongly prefers the aryl triflate, the Ni catalyst has a small preference for the aryl tosylate, aryl transfer between catalysts is mediated by Zn, and Pd improves yields by consuming arylzinc intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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44
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Selmani A, Gevondian AG, Schoenebeck F. Germylation of Arenes via Pd(I) Dimer Enabled Sulfonium Salt Functionalization. Org Lett 2020; 22:4802-4805. [PMID: 32491868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While aryl germanes have recently found usage as coupling partners in powerful catalytic applications, the synthetic access to this promising functionality is currently limited. This report details the straightforward synthesis of functionalized aryl triethylgermanes via formal C-H functionalization. Building on the concept of directing-group-free and site-selective C-H functionalization of arenes to thianthrenium salt intermediates, we showcase their efficient couplings with triethylgermane (Et3Ge-H) at room temperature, which was enabled by the air- and moisture-stable Pd(I) dimer, [Pd(μ-I)(PtBu3)]2. The method tolerates numerous functional groups, including valuable (pseudo)halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Selmani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Avetik G Gevondian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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45
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Bouayad‐Gervais S, Scattolin T, Schoenebeck F. N
‐Trifluoromethyl Hydrazines, Indoles and Their Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bouayad‐Gervais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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46
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Kalvet I, Deckers K, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Magnin G, Sperger T, Kremer M, Schoenebeck F. Selective ortho-Functionalization of Adamantylarenes Enabled by Dispersion and an Air-Stable Palladium(I) Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7721-7725. [PMID: 32065717 PMCID: PMC7317867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to the general belief that Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling at sites of severe steric hindrance are disfavored, we herein show that the oxidative addition to C-Br ortho to an adamantyl group is as favored as the corresponding adamantyl-free system due to attractive dispersion forces. This enabled the development of a fully selective arylation and alkylation of C-Br ortho to an adamantyl group, even if challenged with competing non-hindered C-OTf or C-Cl sites. The method makes use of an air-stable PdI dimer and enables straightforward access to diversely substituted therapeutically important adamantylarenes in 5-30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Ignacio Funes‐Ardoiz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Guillaume Magnin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Marius Kremer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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47
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Kalvet I, Deckers K, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Magnin G, Sperger T, Kremer M, Schoenebeck F. Selective
ortho
‐Functionalization of Adamantylarenes Enabled by Dispersion and an Air‐Stable Palladium(I) Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes‐Ardoiz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Guillaume Magnin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marius Kremer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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48
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Mendel M, Kalvet I, Hupperich D, Magnin G, Schoenebeck F. Site-Selective, Modular Diversification of Polyhalogenated Aryl Fluorosulfates (ArOSO 2 F) Enabled by an Air-Stable Pd I Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2115-2119. [PMID: 31733009 PMCID: PMC7003813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since 2014, the interest in aryl fluorosulfates (ArOSO2 F) as well as their implementation in powerful applications has continuously grown. In this context, the enabling capability of ArOSO2 F will strongly depend on the substitution pattern of the arene, which ultimately dictates its overall function as drug candidate, material, or bio-linker. This report showcases the modular, substrate-independent, and fully predictable, selective functionalization of polysubstituted arenes bearing C-OSO2 F, C-Br, and C-Cl sites, which makes it possible to diversify the arene in the presence of OSO2 F or utilize OSO2 F as a triflate surrogate. Sequential and triply selective arylations and alkylations were realized within minutes at room temperature, using a single and air-stable PdI dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Daniel Hupperich
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Guillaume Magnin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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49
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Xu W, Li M, Qiao L, Xie J. Recent advances of dinuclear nickel- and palladium-complexes in homogeneous catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8524-8536. [PMID: 32613965 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02542a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this highlight, we provide a current perspective of synthetic methodology development catalyzed by dinuclear Ni- and Pd-complexes in the past decade. The new catalytic reactivities of dinuclear Ni- and Pd-complexes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
| | - Muzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
| | - Liancheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
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Demaerel J, Veryser C, De Borggraeve WM. Ex situ gas generation for lab scale organic synthesis. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses recent examples of ex situ generated gaseous reagents, and their use in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Demaerel
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Cedrick Veryser
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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