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Chen J, Chen J, Yu C, Xia K, Yang B, Wang R, Li Y, Shi K, Zhang Y, Xu H, Zhang X, Wang J, Chen Q, Liang C. Metabolic reprogramming: a new option for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1042-1057. [PMID: 38989936 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries impose a notably economic burden on society, mainly because of the severe after-effects they cause. Despite the ongoing development of various therapies for spinal cord injuries, their effectiveness remains unsatisfactory. However, a deeper understanding of metabolism has opened up a new therapeutic opportunity in the form of metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we explore the metabolic changes that occur during spinal cord injuries, their consequences, and the therapeutic tools available for metabolic reprogramming. Normal spinal cord metabolism is characterized by independent cellular metabolism and intercellular metabolic coupling. However, spinal cord injury results in metabolic disorders that include disturbances in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These metabolic disturbances lead to corresponding pathological changes, including the failure of axonal regeneration, the accumulation of scarring, and the activation of microglia. To rescue spinal cord injury at the metabolic level, potential metabolic reprogramming approaches have emerged, including replenishing metabolic substrates, reconstituting metabolic couplings, and targeting mitochondrial therapies to alter cell fate. The available evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming holds great promise as a next-generation approach for the treatment of spinal cord injury. To further advance the metabolic treatment of the spinal cord injury, future efforts should focus on a deeper understanding of neurometabolism, the development of more advanced metabolomics technologies, and the design of highly effective metabolic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Qiandongnan Prefecture People's Hospital, Kaili, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ronghao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhang X, Lei Y, Zhou H, Liu H, Xu P. The Role of PKM2 in Multiple Signaling Pathways Related to Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5002-5026. [PMID: 38157121 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. It is well known that PKM2 plays a vital role in the proliferation of tumor cells. However, PKM2 can also exert its biological functions by mediating multiple signaling pathways in neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitive dysfunction, ischemic stroke, post-stroke depression, cerebral small-vessel disease, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and autoimmune diseases. In these diseases, PKM2 can exert various biological functions, including regulation of glycolysis, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, proliferation of cells, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or pathological autoimmune responses. Moreover, the complexity of PKM2's biological characteristics determines the diversity of its biological functions. However, the role of PKM2 is not entirely the same in different diseases or cells, which is related to its oligomerization, subcellular localization, and post-translational modifications. This article will focus on the biological characteristics of PKM2, the regulation of PKM2 expression, and the biological role of PKM2 in neurological diseases. With this review, we hope to have a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PKM2, which may help researchers develop therapeutic strategies in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yihui Lei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yan G, Qi L, Yong VW, Xue M. The cerebroprotection and prospects of FNDC5/irisin in stroke. Neuropharmacology 2024; 253:109986. [PMID: 38705569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Stroke, the leading cause of disability and cognitive impairment, is also the second leading cause of death worldwide. The drugs with multi-targeted brain cytoprotective effects are increasingly being advocated for the treatment of stroke. Irisin, a newly discovered myokine produced by cleavage of fibronectin type III domain 5, has been shown to regulate glucose metabolism, mitochondrial energy, and fat browning. A large amount of evidence indicated that irisin could exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties in a variety of diseases such as myocardial infarction, inflammatory bowel disease, lung injury, and kidney or liver disease. Studies have found that irisin is widely distributed in multiple brain regions and also plays an important regulatory role in the central nervous system. The most common cause of a stroke is a sudden blockage of an artery (ischemic stroke), and in some circumstances, a blood vessel rupture can also result in a stroke (hemorrhagic stroke). After a stroke, complicated pathophysiological processes lead to serious brain injury and neurological dysfunction. According to recent investigations, irisin may protect elements of the neurovascular unit by acting on multiple pathological processes in stroke. This review aims to outline the currently recognized effects of irisin on stroke and propose possible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaili Yan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lingxiao Qi
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Ma L, Li H, Xu H, Liu D. The potential roles of PKM2 in cerebrovascular diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112675. [PMID: 39024754 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key enzyme involved in glycolysis,plays an important role in regulating cell metabolism and growth under different physiological conditions. PKM2 has been intensively investigated in multiple cancer diseases. Recent years, many studies have found its pivotal role in cerebrovascular diseases (CeVDs), the disturbances in intracranial blood circulation. CeVDs has been confirmed to be closely associated with oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial dynamics, systemic inflammation, and local neuroinflammation in the brain. It has further been revealed that PKM2 exerts various biological functions in the regulation of energy supply, OS, inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The roles of PKM2 are closely related to its different isoforms, expression levels in subcellular localization, and post-translational modifications. Therefore, summarizing the roles of PKM2 in CeVDs will help further understanding the molecular mechanisms of CeVDs. In this review, we illustrate the characteristics of PKM2, the regulated PKM2 expression, and the biological roles of PKM2 in CeVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Huatao Li
- Department of Stroke Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Stroke Center, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Dianwei Liu
- Department of Stroke Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Department of Neurosurgery, XuanWu Hospital Capital Medical University Jinan Branch, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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Wu XY, Zhao MJ, Liao W, Liu T, Liu JY, Gong JH, Lai X, Xu XS. Oridonin attenuates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing PKM2/NLRP3-mediated macrophage pyroptosis. Cell Immunol 2024; 401-402:104838. [PMID: 38810591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) mediated pyroptosis of macrophages is closely associated with liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). As a covalent inhibitor of NLRP3, Oridonin (Ori), has strong anti-inflammasome effect, but its effect and mechanisms for liver IRI are still unknown. METHODS Mice and liver macrophages were treated with Ori, respectively. Co-IP and LC-MS/MS analysis of the interaction between PKM2 and NLRP3 in macrophages. Liver damage was detected using H&E staining. Pyroptosis was detected by WB, TEM, and ELISA. RESULTS Ori ameliorated liver macrophage pyroptosis and liver IRI. Mechanistically, Ori inhibited the interaction between pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) and NLRP3 in hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)-induced macrophages, while the inhibition of PKM2/NLRP3 reduced liver macrophage pyroptosis and liver IRI. CONCLUSION Ori exerted protective effects on liver IRI via suppressing PKM2/NLRP3-mediated liver macrophage pyroptosis, which might become a potential therapeutic target in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Min-Jie Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Jun-Hua Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Xing Lai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the People's Hospital of Tongnan District Chongqing City, China.
| | - Xue-Song Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.
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Xie J, Zhang Z. Recent Advances and Therapeutic Implications of 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3949-3975. [PMID: 38041714 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common disease with a high disability rate and mortality, which brings heavy pressure on families and medical insurance. Nowadays, the golden treatments for ischemic stroke in the acute phase mainly include endovascular therapy and intravenous thrombolysis. Some drugs are used to alleviate brain injury in patients with ischemic stroke, such as edaravone and 3-n-butylphthalide. However, no effective neuroprotective drug for ischemic stroke has been acknowledged. 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2OGDDs) are conserved and common dioxygenases whose activities depend on O2, Fe2+, and 2OG. Most 2OGDDs are expressed in the brain and are essential for the development and functions of the brain. Therefore, 2OGDDs likely play essential roles in ischemic brain injury. In this review, we briefly elucidate the functions of most 2OGDDs, particularly the effects of regulations of 2OGDDs on various cells in different phases after ischemic stroke. It would also provide promising potential therapeutic targets and directions of drug development for protecting the brain against ischemic injury and improving outcomes of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression, Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Hou Z, Brenner JS. Developing targeted antioxidant nanomedicines for ischemic penumbra: Novel strategies in treating brain ischemia-reperfusion injury. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103185. [PMID: 38759419 PMCID: PMC11127604 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
During cerebral ischemia-reperfusion conditions, the excessive reactive oxygen species in the ischemic penumbra region, resulting in neuronal oxidative stress, constitute the main pathological mechanism behind ischemia-reperfusion damage. Swiftly reinstating blood perfusion in the ischemic penumbra zone and suppressing neuronal oxidative injury are key to effective treatment. Presently, antioxidants in clinical use suffer from low bioavailability, a singular mechanism of action, and substantial side effects, severely restricting their therapeutic impact and widespread clinical usage. Recently, nanomedicines, owing to their controllable size and shape and surface modifiability, have demonstrated good application potential in biomedicine, potentially breaking through the bottleneck in developing neuroprotective drugs for ischemic strokes. This manuscript intends to clarify the mechanisms of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and provides a comprehensive review of the design and synthesis of antioxidant nanomedicines, their action mechanisms and applications in reversing neuronal oxidative damage, thus presenting novel approaches for ischemic stroke prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Hou
- College of Basic Medical and Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; The First Hospital Affiliated with Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150010, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Yang F, Dai Z, Xue MY, Chen XY, Liu J, Wang L, Xu LL, Di B. Identification and Validation of PKR as a Direct Target for the Novel Sulfonamide-Substituted Tetrahydroquinoline Nonselective Inhibitor of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10168-10189. [PMID: 38855903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical component of the innate immune system. The persistent abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in numerous human diseases. Herein, sulfonamide-substituted tetrahydroquinoline derivative S-9 was identified as the most promising NLRP3 inhibitor, without obvious cytotoxicity. In vitro, S-9 inhibited the priming and activation stages of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Incidentally, we also observed that S-9 had inhibitory effects on the NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes. To elucidate the multiple anti-inflammatory activities of S-9, photoaffinity probe P-2, which contained a photoaffinity label and a functional handle, was developed for target identification by chemical proteomics. We identified PKR as a novel target of S-9 in addition to NLRP3 by target fishing. Furthermore, S-9 exhibited a significant anti-neuroinflammatory effect in vivo. In summary, our findings show that S-9 is a promising lead compound targeting both PKR and NLRP3 that could emerge as a molecular tool for treating inflammasome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ming-Yue Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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9
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Zhang Y, Li J, Yang H, Li K, Yuan H, Xue Z, Tang L, Fan Z. Fungicidal Activity of New Pyrrolo[2,3- d]thiazoles and Their Potential Action on the Tryptophan Metabolic Pathway and Wax Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11990-12002. [PMID: 38757490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The main challenge in the development of agrochemicals is the lack of new leads and/or targets. It is critical to discover new molecular targets and their corresponding ligands. YZK-C22, which contains a 1,2,3-thiadiazol-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole skeleton, is a fungicide lead compound with broad-spectrum fungicidal activity. Previous studies suggested that the [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole scaffold exhibited good antifungal activity. Inspired by this, a series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]thiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized through a bioisosteric strategy. Compounds C1, C9, and C20 were found to be more active against Rhizoctonia solani than the positive control YZK-C22. More than half of the target compounds provided favorable activity against Botrytis cinerea, where the EC50 values of compounds C4, C6, C8, C10, and C20 varied from 1.17 to 1.77 μg/mL. Surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking suggested that in vitro potent compounds C9 and C20 have a new mode of action instead of acting as pyruvate kinase inhibitors. Transcriptome analysis revealed that compound C20 can impact the tryptophan metabolic pathway, cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis of B. cinerea. Overall, pyrrolo[2,3-d]thiazole is discovered as a new fungicidal lead structure with a potential new mode of action for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Haolin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Liangfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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10
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Zeng ZJ, Lin X, Yang L, Li Y, Gao W. Activation of Inflammasomes and Relevant Modulators for the Treatment of Microglia-mediated Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04225-1. [PMID: 38789893 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
As the brain's resident immune patrol, microglia mediate endogenous immune responses to central nervous system injury in ischemic stroke, thereby eliciting either neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects. The association of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation with the progression of ischemic stroke is evident through diverse signaling pathways, notably involving inflammasomes. Within microglia, inflammasomes play a pivotal role in promoting the maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), facilitating pyroptosis, and triggering immune infiltration, ultimately leading to neuronal cell dysfunction. Addressing the persistent and widespread inflammation holds promise as a breakthrough in enhancing the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaobing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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11
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Duan M, Ru X, Zhou J, Li Y, Guo P, Kang W, Li W, Chen Z, Feng H, Chen Y. Endothelial EGLN3-PKM2 signaling induces the formation of acute astrocytic barrier to alleviate immune cell infiltration after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:42. [PMID: 38755642 PMCID: PMC11100217 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients have no obvious hematoma lesions but exhibit blood-brain barrier dysfunction and vasogenic brain edema. However, there is a few days between blood‒brain barrier dysfunction and vasogenic brain edema. The present study sought to investigate whether this phenomenon is caused by endothelial injury induced by the acute astrocytic barrier, also known as the glial limitans. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses of human endothelial cells and astrocytes under hypoxia were performed based on the GEO database. Wild-type, EGLN3 and PKM2 conditional knock-in mice were used to confirm glial limitan formation after SAH. Then, the effect of endothelial EGLN3-PKM2 signaling on temporal and spatial changes in glial limitans was evaluated in both in vivo and in vitro models of SAH. RESULTS The data indicate that in the acute phase after SAH, astrocytes can form a temporary protective barrier, the glia limitans, around blood vessels that helps maintain barrier function and improve neurological prognosis. Molecular docking studies have shown that endothelial cells and astrocytes can promote glial limitans-based protection against early brain injury through EGLN3/PKM2 signaling and further activation of the PKC/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in astrocytes after SAH. CONCLUSION Improving the ability to maintain glial limitans may be a new therapeutic strategy for improving the prognosis of SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xufang Ru
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiru Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuanshu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peiwen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenbo Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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12
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Jia J, Jiao W, Wang G, Wu J, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Drugs/agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke: Advances and perspectives. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:975-1012. [PMID: 38126568 DOI: 10.1002/med.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) poses a significant threat to global human health and life. In recent decades, we have witnessed unprecedented progresses against IS, including thrombolysis, thrombectomy, and a few medicines that can assist in reopening the blocked brain vessels or serve as standalone treatments for patients who are not eligible for thrombolysis/thrombectomy therapies. However, the narrow time windows of thrombolysis/thrombectomy, coupled with the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, as well as the lack of highly effective and safe medications, continue to present big challenges in the acute treatment and long-term recovery of IS. In the past 3 years, several excellent articles have reviewed pathophysiology of IS and therapeutic medicines for the treatment of IS based on the pathophysiology. Regretfully, there is no comprehensive overview to summarize all categories of anti-IS drugs/agents designed and synthesized based on molecular mechanisms of IS pathophysiology. From medicinal chemistry view of point, this article reviews a multitude of anti-IS drugs/agents, including small molecule compounds, natural products, peptides, and others, which have been developed based on the molecular mechanism of IS pathophysiology, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative/nitrosative stresses, cell death pathways, and neuroinflammation, and so forth. In addition, several emerging medicines and strategies, including nanomedicines, stem cell therapy and noncoding RNAs, which recently appeared for the treatment of IS, are shortly introduced. Finally, the perspectives on the associated challenges and future directions of anti-IS drugs/agents are briefly provided to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Rushendran R, Begum RF, Singh S A, Narayanan PL, Vellapandian C, Prajapati BG, Paul PK. Navigating neurological disorders: harnessing the power of natural compounds for innovative therapeutic breakthroughs. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:534-569. [PMID: 38741726 PMCID: PMC11089094 DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-7051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Novel treatments are needed as neurological issues become more frequent worldwide. According to the report, plants, oceans, microorganisms, and animals contain interesting drug discovery compounds. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and stroke reviews emphasize neurological disorders' complexity and natural substances' safety. Learn about marine-derived and herbal substances' neuroprotective characteristics and applications. Molecular pathways show these substances' neurological healing effects. This article discusses clinical usage of Bryostatin-1, Fucoidan, Icariin, Salvianolic acid, Curcumin, Resveratrol, etc. Their potential benefits for asthma and Alzheimer's disease are complex. Although limited, the study promotes rigorous scientific research and collaboration between traditional and alternative medical practitioners. Unexplored natural compounds, quality control, well-structured clinical trials, and interdisciplinary collaboration should guide future study. Developing and employing natural chemicals to treat neurological illnesses requires ethical sourcing, sustainability, and public awareness. This detailed analysis covers natural chemicals' current state, challenges, and opportunities in neurological disorder treatment. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapuru Rushendran
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur- 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rukaiah Fatma Begum
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur- 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankul Singh S
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur- 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pavithra Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur- 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra Vellapandian
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur- 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, 384012, Gujarat, India
| | - Pijush Kumar Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay University, Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka-1344, Bangladesh
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14
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Li WX, Yu L, Chi JB, Wang JP, Liu YJ, Wang CH, Zhang M, Hou GG. Discovery of anti-inflammatory agents from 3, 4-dihydronaphthalene-1(2H)-one derivatives by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116284. [PMID: 38442430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles are a polymer of cellular innate immunity composed of a pair of proteins. The continuous activation of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicles induces the occurrence and enhancement of inflammatory response. In this study, a series of 3, 4-dihydronaphthalene-1(2H)-one derivatives (DHNs, 6a-u, 7a-e, 8a-n) were synthesized and characterized by NMR and HRMS. We evaluated the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of all compounds in vitro, and selected 7a substituted by 7-Br in A-ring and 2-pyridylaldehyde in C-ring as effective lead compounds. Specifically, 7a can block the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by down-regulating the expression of NLPR3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other inflammatory mediators. In addition, 7a inhibits the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα) and NF-κB/p65 and the nuclear translocation of p65, thereby inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that 7a could reasonably bind the active sites of NLRP3, ASC and p65 proteins. Therefore, 7a is predicted as a potential NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle inhibitor and deserves further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Lu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Jiang-Bo Chi
- Research and Development Department, Shandong Xianglong Medical Research Institute Co., Ltd, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Ji-Peng Wang
- Research and Development Department, Shandong Xianglong Medical Research Institute Co., Ltd, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Department, Shandong Xianglong Medical Research Institute Co., Ltd, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Gui-Ge Hou
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, PR China.
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15
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Fragkiadakis M, Zingiridis M, Loukopoulos E, Neochoritis CG. New oxacycles on the block: benzodioxepinones via a Passerini reaction. Mol Divers 2024; 28:29-35. [PMID: 35900638 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxacycles and benzoxepanes are privileged motifs present in a variety of natural products and functional molecules. However, their synthetic access is limited. Here, we demonstrate a rapid synthesis of unprecedented benzoxepanes from readily available starting materials in one step via a Passerini multicomponent reaction. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild reaction conditions. We have obtained a single-crystal X-ray structure, revealing a butterfly conformation, combined with useful structural features. In addition, we have performed both a full interaction map on the X-ray structure and a profile analysis of a virtual library based on the proposed scaffold with a special focus on certain physicochemical parameters to demonstrate their potential usage in drug discovery.
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16
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Guan X, Wu J, Geng J, Ji D, Wei D, Ling Y, Zhang Y, Jiang G, Pang T, Huang Z. A Novel Hybrid of Telmisartan and Borneol Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and White Matter Injury in Ischemic Stroke Through ATF3/CH25H Axis. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:195-218. [PMID: 36577854 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke causes substantial white matter injury, which is further aggravated by neuroinflammation mediated by microglia/astrocytes. Given the anti-neuroinflammatory action of telmisartan and the enhancing blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability potential of resuscitation-inducing aromatic herbs, 13 hybrids (3a-m) of telmisartan (or its simplified analogues) with resuscitation-inducing aromatic agents were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. Among them, the optimal compound 3a (the ester hybrid of telmisartan and (+)-borneol) potently inhibited neuroinflammation mediated by microglia/astrocytes and ameliorated ischemic stroke. Particularly, 3a significantly conferred protection for white matter integrity after cerebral ischemic stroke via decreasing abnormally dephosphorylated neurofilament protein, upregulating myelin basic protein, and attenuating oligodendrocyte damage. Further RNA-sequencing data revealed that 3a upregulated expression of transcriptional regulator ATF3 to reduce the expression of CH25H, prevented proinflammatory state of lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia/astrocytes to limit excessive inflammation, and eventually protected neighboring oligodendrocytes to prevent white matter injury. Taken with the desirable pharmacokinetics behavior and improved brain distribution, 3a may be a feasible therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke and other neurological disorders with white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Duorui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dasha Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311201, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Gao Y, Ma M, Li W, Lei X. Chemoproteomics, A Broad Avenue to Target Deconvolution. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305608. [PMID: 38095542 PMCID: PMC10885659 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
As a vital project of forward chemical genetic research, target deconvolution aims to identify the molecular targets of an active hit compound. Chemoproteomics, either with chemical probe-facilitated target enrichment or probe-free, provides a straightforward and effective approach to profile the target landscape and unravel the mechanisms of action. Canonical methods rely on chemical probes to enable target engagement, enrichment, and identification, whereas click chemistry and photoaffinity labeling techniques improve the efficiency, sensitivity, and spatial accuracy of target recognition. In comparison, recently developed probe-free methods detect protein-ligand interactions without the need to modify the ligand molecule. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different approaches and recent advancements for target identification and highlights the significance of chemoproteomics in investigating biological processes and advancing drug discovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Mingzhe Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Institute for Cancer ResearchShenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
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18
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Kuang X, Chen S, Ye Q. The Role of Histone Deacetylases in NLRP3 Inflammasomesmediated Epilepsy. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:980-1003. [PMID: 37519210 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230731095431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders that not only causes death worldwide, but also affects the daily lives of patients. Previous studies have revealed that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Activation of inflammasomes can promote neuroinflammation by boosting the maturation of caspase-1 and the secretion of various inflammatory effectors, including chemokines, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factors. With the in-depth research on the mechanism of inflammasomes in the development of epilepsy, it has been discovered that NLRP3 inflammasomes may induce epilepsy by mediating neuronal inflammatory injury, neuronal loss and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Therefore, blocking the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasomes may be a new epilepsy treatment strategy. However, the drugs that specifically block NLRP3 inflammasomes assembly has not been approved for clinical use. In this review, the mechanism of how HDACs, an inflammatory regulator, regulates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is summarized. It helps to explore the mechanism of the HDAC inhibitors inhibiting brain inflammatory damage so as to provide a potential therapeutic strategy for controlling the development of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kuang
- Hainan Health Vocational College,Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Qingmei Ye
- Hainan General Hospital & Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
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19
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Zhang S, Liu C, Sun J, Li Y, Lu J, Xiong X, Hu L, Zhao H, Zhou H. Bridging the Gap: Investigating the Link between Inflammasomes and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1981-2002. [PMID: 37450925 PMCID: PMC10676784 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a cluster of cognitive problems that may arise after surgery. POCD symptoms include memory loss, focus inattention, and communication difficulties. Inflammasomes, intracellular multiprotein complexes that control inflammation, may have a significant role in the development of POCD. It has been postulated that the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes cognitive impairment by triggering the inflammatory response in the brain. Nevertheless, there are many gaps in the current literature to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and develop future therapy. This review article underlines the limits of our current knowledge about the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome and POCD. We first discuss inflammasomes and their types, structures, and functions, then summarize recent evidence of the NLRP3 inflammasome's involvement in POCD. Next, we propose a hypothesis that suggests the involvement of inflammasomes in multiple organs, including local surgical sites, blood circulation, and other peripheral organs, leading to systemic inflammation and subsequent neuronal dysfunction in the brain, resulting in POCD. Research directions are then discussed, including analyses of inflammasomes in more clinical POCD animal models and clinical trials, studies of inflammasome types that are involved in POCD, and investigations into whether inflammasomes occur at the surgical site, in circulating blood, and in peripheral organs. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits of using new technologies and approaches to study inflammasomes in POCD. A thorough investigation of inflammasomes in POCD might substantially affect clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Cuiying Liu
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Joint Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jintao Sun
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Hu
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Heng Zhao
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Joint Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
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20
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Ramalingam V. NLRP3 inhibitors: Unleashing their therapeutic potential against inflammatory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115915. [PMID: 37949323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been linked to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is essential for innate defence against infection and danger signals. These secreted cytokines improve the inflammatory response caused by tissue damage and associated inflammation. Consequently, the development of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors are viable option for the treatment of diverse inflammatory disorders. The significant anti-inflammatory effects of the NLRP3 inhibitors have severe side effects. Hence, the application of NLRP3 inhibitors against inflammatory disease has not yet been understood and most of the developed inhibitors are unsuccessful in clinical trials. The processes behind the NLRP3 complex, priming, and activation are the main emphasis of this review, which also covers therapeutical inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome and potential therapeutic strategies for directing the NLRP3 inflammasome towards clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaikundamoorthy Ramalingam
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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21
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Yang Y, Gao ZF, Hou GG, Meng QG, Hou Y. Discovery of anti-neuroinflammatory agents from 1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[2,3]oxepino[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives by regulating microglia polarization. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115688. [PMID: 37544188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia activation leads to various neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. In order to develop more and better options for this disorders, a series of 3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]oxepin-5(2H)-one derivatives (BZPs, 6-19) and novel 1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[2,3]oxepino[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives (BPMs, 20-33) were synthesized and screened the anti-neuroinflamamtion effects. 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylphenyl-substituted BPM 29 showed more potent anti-neuroinflammatory activity and no toxicity to BV2 microglia cells in vitro. 29 significantly reduced the number of M1 phenotype of microglia cells, but significantly increased the number of M2 phenotype of microglia cells in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglia cells. 29 significantly reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α), but increased the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) from LPS-induced BV2 microglia cells. Also, 29 inhibited the NOD-like receptor NLRP3 inflammasome formation, and down-regulated the expression of M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase in LPS-induced BV2 microglia cells. In vivo, 29 reduced the neuroinflammation in cuprizone-induced inflammatory and demyelinating mice by reducing the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase, but increased the expression of CD206. Taken together, 29 might be a prospective anti-neuroinflammatory compound for neuroinflammatory and demyelinating disease by alleviating microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Zhong-Fei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Gui-Ge Hou
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Qing-Guo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
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22
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Liu D, Wang H, Li X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Hu J. Small molecule inhibitors for cancer metabolism: promising prospects to be explored. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:8051-8076. [PMID: 37002510 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal metabolism is the main hallmark of cancer, and cancer metabolism plays an important role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, studying the changes of tumor metabolic pathways is beneficial to find targets for the treatment of cancer diseases. The success of metabolism-targeted chemotherapy suggests that cancer metabolism research will provide potential new targets for the treatment of malignant tumors. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to systemically review recent research findings on targeted inhibitors of tumor metabolism. In addition, we summarized new insights into tumor metabolic reprogramming and discussed how to guide the exploration of new strategies for cancer-targeted therapy. CONCLUSION Cancer cells have shown various altered metabolic pathways, providing sufficient fuel for their survival. The combination of these pathways is considered to be a more useful method for screening multilateral pathways. Better understanding of the clinical research progress of small molecule inhibitors of potential targets of tumor metabolism will help to explore more effective cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - HongPing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - XingXing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - JiFang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - YanLing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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23
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Chen LQ, Zhu CF, Zhang S, Liu BY, Tu SJ, Hao WJ, Jiang B. Palladium-catalyzed annulative allylic alkylation for regioselective construction of indole-fused medium-sized cyclic ethers. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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24
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Luan MZ, Zhang XF, Yang Y, Meng QG, Hou GG. Anti-inflammatory activity of fluorine-substituted benzo[h]quinazoline-2-amine derivatives as NF-κB inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106360. [PMID: 36652807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive inflammation can cause loss of tissue or organ function, leading to a number of chronic diseases and sometimes even death. Traditional treatment strategies for inflammation have mainly involved steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but both have increasingly prominent side effects. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitors with anti-inflammatory properties and low toxicity are a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. To obtain novel NF-κB inhibitors, a series of 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one derivatives (DHNs 6a-s), 1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-2-amine derivatives (BQAs 7a-c) and 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-2-amine derivatives (BQAs 8a-p) were designed and synthesized, and characterized by NMR and HRMS. By evaluating toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties, fluorine-substituted 8c showed more potential anti-inflammatory activity and lower toxicity. 8c significantly reduced the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65, thereby inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, 8c markedly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and downregulated the expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and cysteine aspartate protein hydrolase-1 (caspase-1). Therefore, compound 8c is expected to be a candidate compound for NF-κB inhibition and deserves further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Luan
- School of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Qing-Guo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Gui-Ge Hou
- School of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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25
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Karunakar GV, Sunil K, Bharath Kumar P, Chandrappa M, Guduru R, Kantevari S, Sridhar B. Catalyst- and Additive-Free Methodical Ring Expansion Protocol to Access Benzooxepino-Fused Pyrroles. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201071. [PMID: 36567599 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An efficient metal-free, additive-free synthetic method was developed to access benzooxepino-fused pyrrole derivatives from alkynyl substituted aziridines. In this organic transformation, two new C-C bonds were formed via initial cleavage of C-C bond of aziridine ring by in situ generated azomethine ylides. Moderate to excellent yields of benzooxepino-fused pyrroles were obtained atom economically in the presence of t-BuOH in one-pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galla V Karunakar
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500007, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Komalla Sunil
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500007, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Perla Bharath Kumar
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500007, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Muneppa Chandrappa
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500007, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravinder Guduru
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500007, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500007, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500007, Hyderabad, India
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26
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Negative correlation between serum pyruvate kinase M2 and cognitive function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 225:107586. [PMID: 36641992 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the main contributing factors to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), with an increasing incidence rate. However, the genesis of CSVD cognitive impairment remains unknown. Inflammation and metabolic disorders are considered important pathogenesis of CSVD. In addition to acting as the key regulator of aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2 (PKM2) is a proinflammatory mediator transcriptional activator that can promote an inflammatory response. This study explored whether serum PKM2 is associated with cognitive impairment in CSVD patients. METHODS The demographic data, history of risk factors, laboratory data, and cognitive function scale assessment of 219 CSVD patients were analyzed, and the correlation between the CSVD clinical data and neuroimaging parameters with serum PKM2 was further explored. The serum PKM2 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the collected serum samples. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed with reference to the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). HOMA-IR was calculated using the formula HOMA-IR = fasting plasma glucose (FPG, mmol/L) × fasting insulin (FINS, μU/mL)/22.5. A binomial logistic regression model was referred to infer the risk factors for VCI, and the ability of serum PKM2 to diagnose VCI was assessed by using a ROC curve. RESULTS Serum PKM2 level was positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.206, P = 0.002), negatively correlated with MMSE and MOCA on the cognitive scale in CSVD patients, and higher in CSVD patients with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) (P < 0.001). When compared with patients without cognitive impairment, the serum PKM2 levels were elevated in cases with suspected dementia, mild dementia, mild to moderate dementia, and moderate to severe dementia, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Serum PKM2 levels were correlated with cognitive screening test scores in CSVD. CONCLUSION The present findings indicated that the serum PKM2 level was positively correlated with HOMA-IR, WMH, and enlarged perivascular spaces and negatively correlated with cognitive function in CSVD patients.
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27
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Qi QB, Li WX, Hou GG, Li CB. Crystal structure of ( E)-7-bromo-2-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2 H)-one, C 22H 23BrN 2O. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
C22H23BrN2O, triclinic,
P
1
‾
$P\overline{1}$
(no. 2), a = 10.0543(1) Å, b = 11.4893(1) Å, c = 16.5853(1) Å, α = 93.152(1)°, β = 91.877(1)°, γ = 97.097(1)°, V = 1896.81(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0318, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0840, T = 293 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Bing Qi
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , 264003 , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , 264003 , P. R. China
| | - Gui-Ge Hou
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , 264003 , P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Bo Li
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , 264003 , P. R. China
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28
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Gu J, Peng RK, Guo CL, Zhang M, Yang J, Yan X, Zhou Q, Li H, Wang N, Zhu J, Ouyang Q. Construction of a synthetic methodology-based library and its application in identifying a GIT/PIX protein-protein interaction inhibitor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7176. [PMID: 36418900 PMCID: PMC9684509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the flourishing of synthetic methodology studies has provided concise access to numerous molecules with new chemical space. These compounds form a large library with unique scaffolds, but their application in hit discovery is not systematically evaluated. In this work, we establish a synthetic methodology-based compound library (SMBL), integrated with compounds obtained from our synthetic researches, as well as their virtual derivatives in significantly larger scale. We screen the library and identify small-molecule inhibitors to interrupt the protein-protein interaction (PPI) of GIT1/β-Pix complex, an unrevealed target involved in gastric cancer metastasis. The inhibitor 14-5-18 with a spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3'-indolin]-2'-one scaffold, considerably retards gastric cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Since the PPI targets are considered undruggable as they are hard to target, the successful application illustrates the structural specificity of SMBL, demonstrating its potential to be utilized as compound source for more challenging targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Rui-Kun Peng
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Ling Guo
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Na Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
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29
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Small bioactive molecules designed to be probes as baits “fishing out” cellular targets: finding the fish in the proteome sea. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Zhang YL, Liu SL, Hou GG, Wang L, Zhang XF. Crystal structure of ( E)-7-bromo-2-(3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2 H)-one, C 19H 17BrO 3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C19H17BrO3, triclinic, P
1
‾
$\overline{1}$
(no. 2), a = 8.2887(7) Å, b = 8.4190(12) Å, c = 13.1164(15) Å, α = 93.634(11)°, β = 90.609(9)°, γ = 118.201(11)°, V = 804.17(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0738, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1614, T = 150 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , 264003 , P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lian Liu
- Shandong Institute of Standardization , Jinan , 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Gui-Ge Hou
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , 264003 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , 264003 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , 264003 , P. R. China
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31
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Xiao G, Liu J, Wang H, He S, Liu J, Fan G, Lyu M, Zhu Y. CXCR1 and its downstream NF-κB inflammation signaling pathway as a key target of Guanxinning injection for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007341. [PMID: 36325326 PMCID: PMC9618804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanxinning Injection (GXNI) is used clinically to treat cardiac injury, but its active components and mode of action remains unclear. Therefore, a myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) model-based integrated strategy including function evaluation, RNA-seq analysis, molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) was employed to elucidate the effect and mechanism of GXNI and its main ingredient on cardiac injury. These results revealed that GXNI significantly improved cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury in I/R mice. RNA-seq analysis clarified that CXCR1-mediated interleukin-8 pathway played a critical role in MIRI. Molecular docking screening identified danshensu (DSS) as the major active components of GXNI targeting CXCR1 protein, which was confirmed in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocytes damage model showing that GXNI and DSS reduced the protein expression of CXCR1 and its downstream NF-κB, COX-2, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. CETSA and isothermal dose-response fingerprint curves confirmed that DSS combined with CXCR1 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, GXNI and DSS significantly decreased the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α and the number of neutrophils in post I/R myocardial tissue. In conclusion, this study revealed that GXNI and its active components DSS exert inhibitory effects on inflammatory factor release and leukocyte infiltration to improve I/R-induced myocardial injury by down-regulating CXCR1-NF-κB-COX-2/ICAM-1/VCAM-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhu, ; Ming Lyu,
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhu, ; Ming Lyu,
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He W, He X, Li E. Comprehensive analysis of aerobic glycolysis-related genes for prognosis, immune features and drug treatment strategy in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:905888. [PMID: 36249009 PMCID: PMC9556868 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dysregulated expression of aerobic glycolysis-related genes is closely related to prostate cancer progression and metastasis. However, reliable prognostic signatures based on aerobic glycolysis have not been well established. Methods We screened aerobic glycolysis-related gene modules by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and established the aerobic glycolysis-related prognostic risk score (AGRS) by univariate Cox and lasso-Cox. In addition, enriched pathways, genomic mutation, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells were analyzed in AGRS subgroups and compared to each other. We also assessed chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and immunotherapy response among two subgroups. Results An aerobic glycolysis-related 14-gene prognostic model has been established. This model has good predictive prognostic performance both in the training dataset and in two independent validation datasets. Higher AGRS group patients had better immunotherapy response. Different AGRS patients were also associated with sensitivity of multiple prostate cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. We also predicted eight aerobic glycolysis-related small-molecule drugs by differentially expressed genes. Conclusion In summary, the aerobic glycolysis-derived signatures are promising biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses in prostate cancer.
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Xu Z, Qiao S, Qian W, Zhu Y, Yan W, Shen S, Wang T. Card9 protects fungal peritonitis through regulating Malt1-mediated activation of autophagy in macrophage. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108941. [PMID: 35850054 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fungal peritonitis is an inflammatory condition of the peritoneum which occurs secondary to peritoneal dialysis. Most cases of peritonitis are caused by microbial invasion into the peritoneal cavity, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Unlike bacterial peritonitis, little is known on fungal peritonitis. Card9, an adapter protein, plays a critical role in anti-fungal immunity. In this study, by using zymosan-induced peritonitis and C. albicans-induced peritonitis mouse model, we demonstrated that fungal peritonitis was exacerbated in Card9-/- mice, compared with WT mice. Next, we found the autophagy activation of peritonealmacrophages was impaired in Card9-/- peritonitis mice. The autophagy agonist, MG132, ameliorated peritonitis in Card9-/- mice. The result of microarray analysis indicates Malt1 was significantly decreased in Card9-/- peritonitis mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Malt1 interacts with P62 and mediates the function of P62 to clear ubiquitinated proteins. After overexpression of Malt1, impaired autophagy activation caused by Card9 deficient was significantly rescued. Together, our results indicate that Card9 protects fungal peritonitis by regulating Malt1-mediated autophagy in macrophages. Our research provides a new idea for the pathogenesis of fungal peritonitis, which is of great significance for the clinical treatment of fungal peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, China; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuping Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Qian
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenyue Yan
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, China.
| | - Sunan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, China; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Zhu X, Li H, You W, Yu Z, Wang Z, Shen H, Li X, Yu H, Wang Z, Chen G. Role of Rph3A in brain injury induced by experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1124-1138. [PMID: 35467084 PMCID: PMC9160444 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim was to study the role of Rph3A in neuronal injury induced by cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion. Methods The protein and mRNA levels of Rph3A in penumbra were detected by Western blot. The localization of Rph3A in different cell types in penumbra was detected by immunofluorescence. Apoptosis in the brain was detected by TUNEL staining. We tested neurobehavioral evaluation using rotarod test, adhesive‐removal test, and Morris Water maze test. We examined the expression and localization of Rph3A in cultured neurons and astrocytes in vitro by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. Results The mRNA and protein levels of Rph3A had significantly increased in brain penumbra of the rat MCAO/R model. Rph3A was mainly distributed in neurons and astrocytes and was significantly increased by MCAO/R. We downregulated Rph3A and found that it further worsened the cerebral infarct, neuronal death and behavioral, cognitive, and memory impairments in rats after MCAO/R. We also found that ischemia‐reperfusion upregulated the in vitro protein level and secretion of Rph3A in astrocytes but led to a decrease in the protein level of Rph3A in neurons. Conclusion The increase in Rph3A in the brain penumbra may be an endogenous protective mechanism against ischemia‐reperfusion injury, which is mainly dominated by astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanchun You
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Nantong city, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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35
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Unmodified methodologies in target discovery for small molecule drugs: A rising star. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Qin X, Liu M, Xu C, Xing B, Xu X, Wu Y, Ding H, Zhao Q. ZDQ-0620, a Novel Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibitor, Inhibits Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Suppresses Angiogenesis by Attenuating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848952. [PMID: 35311154 PMCID: PMC8924359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway plays a central role in human cancers, aberrant activation of this pathway is associated with tumorigenesis, cancer progression and angiogenesis. Based on the importance of the PI3K/AKT pathway in malignancies, we developed a 4-aminoquinazoline derivative, ZDQ-0620, initially envisioned as a novel pan-PI3K inhibitor. This study aimed to evaluate the potential target of ZDQ-0620 and its anticancer effect in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). PI3K-kinase activity test showed IC50 of ZDQ-0620 against PI3Ka was 0.5 nM; molecular docking, CETSA assay and western blotting was further performed to predict ZDQ-0620 was a PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor by targeting PI3K. To identify the effect of ZDQ-0620 on CRC cells, Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, flow cytometry, and Cell morphology analysis were conducted. The results showed that ZDQ-0620 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells, induced apoptosis through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial pathway. Additionally, ZDQ-0620 inhibited the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo, neovascularization of rat aortic ring and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) induced by VEGF was diminished when treated with ZDQ-0620. These results indicate that ZDQ-0620 induce apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis via inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway. We suggest that the great potential of ZDQ-0620 as an effective treatment candidate against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.,Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Xing
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huaiwei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.,Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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37
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Wen B, Xu K, Huang R, Jiang T, Wang J, Chen J, Chen J, He B. Preserving mitochondrial function by inhibiting GRP75 ameliorates neuron injury under ischemic stroke. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:165. [PMID: 35293600 PMCID: PMC8941507 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a life-threatening disease, which is closely related to neuron damage during ischemia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is essentially involved in the pathophysiological process of ischemic stroke. Mitochondrial calcium overload contributes to the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial calcium overload are far from being fully revealed. In the present study, middle cerebral artery obstruction (MCAO) was performed in vivo and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. The results indicated that both MCAO and OGD induced significant mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. The mitochondria became fragmented under hypoxia conditions, accompanied with upregulation of the heat shock protein 75 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP75). Inhibition of GRP75 was able to effectively ameliorate mitochondrial calcium overload and preserve mitochondrial function, which may provide evidence for further translational studies of ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lichuan People's Hospital, Lichuan, Hubei 445400, P.R. China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lichuan People's Hospital, Lichuan, Hubei 445400, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lichuan People's Hospital, Lichuan, Hubei 445400, P.R. China
| | - Jiehui Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Benhong He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lichuan People's Hospital, Lichuan, Hubei 445400, P.R. China
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38
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Zhang XF, Luan MZ, Yan WB, Zhao FL, Hou Y, Hou GG, Meng QG. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of novel 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-2-amine derivatives in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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39
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You M, Wang K, Pan Y, Tao L, Ma Q, Zhang G, Hu F. Combined royal jelly 10-hydroxydecanoic acid and aspirin has a synergistic effect against memory deficit and neuroinflammation. Food Funct 2022; 13:2336-2353. [PMID: 35142767 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02397g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia among the older population, is associated with acute or chronic inflammation. As a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin has recently been widely studied in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is a controversy about the efficacy as well as the adverse effects of aspirin. 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid (10-HDAA) is a characteristic fatty acid found in the honey bee product royal jelly. In this study, we found that 10-HDAA attenuated the activation of the NF-κB pathway, then targeted Ptgs-1/2, the well-known target of aspirin. Hence, combined therapy of 10-HDAA and aspirin was conducted. In vitro assays suggested that this combinatory group alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in BV-2 cells, as assessed by the downregulation of nitric oxide, COX-2, and IL-6 compared to 10-HDAA or aspirin treatment alone. In vivo assays showed that the combined treatment synergistically inhibited the overactivation of glial cells and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Moreover, 10-HDAA alleviated the adverse effects of aspirin on gastrointestinal injuries and microbiota dysbiosis. The Morris water maze test indicated that neither 10-HDAA nor aspirin effectively improved LPS-induced memory dysfunction, but the combined therapy showed synergistic effects. Altogether, our findings support 10-HDAA and aspirin combinatory therapy as the basis for future therapeutics for AD and other neuroinflammation-related diseases with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangli Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yongming Pan
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingchen Tao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Quanxin Ma
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fuliang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Yang H, Zhu Y, Ye Y, Guan J, Min X, Xiong H. Nitric oxide protects against cochlear hair cell damage and noise-induced hearing loss through glucose metabolic reprogramming. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:229-241. [PMID: 34801666 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is critically involved in the regulation of a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the role of NO in the pathogenesis of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is complex and remains controversial. Here we reported that treatment of CBA/J mice with l-arginine, a physiological precursor of NO, significantly reduced noise-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation in outer hair cells (OHCs), attenuated noise-induced loss of OHCs and NIHL consequently. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase exacerbated noise-induced loss of OHCs and aggravated NIHL. In HEI-OC1 cells, NO also showed substantial protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, NO increased S-nitrosylation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and inhibited its activity, which thus diverted glucose metabolic flux from glycolysis into the pentose phosphate pathway to increase production of reducing equivalents (NADPH and GSH) and eventually prevented H2O2-induced oxidative damage. These findings open new avenues for protection of cochlear hair cells from oxidative stress and prevention of NIHL through NO modulation of PKM2 and glucose metabolism reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafeng Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Min
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Arora S, Joshi G, Chaturvedi A, Heuser M, Patil S, Kumar R. A Perspective on Medicinal Chemistry Approaches for Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1171-1205. [PMID: 34726055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The allosteric regulation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) affects the switching of the PKM2 protein between the high-activity and low-activity states that allow ATP and lactate production, respectively. PKM2, in its low catalytic state (dimeric form), is chiefly active in metabolically energetic cells, including cancer cells. More recently, PKM2 has emerged as an attractive target due to its role in metabolic dysfunction and other interrelated conditions. PKM2 (dimer) activity can be inhibited by modulating PKM2 dimer-tetramer dynamics using either PKM2 inhibitors that bind at the ATP binding active site of PKM2 (dimer) or PKM2 activators that bind at the allosteric site of PKM2, thus activating PKM2 from the dimer formation to the tetrameric formation. The present perspective focuses on medicinal chemistry approaches to design and discover PKM2 inhibitors and activators and further provides a scope for the future design of compounds targeting PKM2 with better efficacy and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Arora
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248171, India
| | - Anuhar Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Santoshkumar Patil
- Discovery Services, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, SEZ, Bommasandra Industrial Area-Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
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Wang R, Hu X, Wang J, Zhou L, Hong Y, Zhang Y, Xiong F, Zhang X, Ye WC, Wang H. Proanthocyanidin A1 promotes the production of platelets to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia through activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:153880. [PMID: 34906892 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a severe adverse drug reaction, and the main reason for CIT is the destruction of megakaryocytes (MKs, precursor cells of platelet) in bone marrow by chemotherapy. Peanut skin, the seed coat of Arachis hypogaea L., is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used to treat thrombocytopenia. However, its active compounds and the mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aims to clarify the active compounds of peanut skin to exhibit thrombogenic effects against CIT and their underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN The bioassay-guided isolation based on the proliferation of MKs was used to explore the possible platelet-enhancing ingredients in peanut skin. HSCCC technique coupled with preparative HPLC was used to separate the active compounds. Dami cells and carboplatin-treated mice model were used to evaluate the thrombogenic effects of PS-1. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, dynamics simulation studies, kinase activity, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), isothermal dose-response fingerprint (ITDRFCETSA) and western blot analysis were performed to investigate the mechanisms of PS-1. RESULTS Proanthocyanidin A1 (PS-1) and its stereoisomers (PS-2-4) were demonstrated to promote the proliferation of MKs (Dami cells), especially PS-1 (EC50 = 8.58 μM). Further studies demonstrated that PS-1 could induce the differentiation of Dami cells in dose/time-dependent manner. Biological target analysis showed that PS-1 directly bound to JAK2 (KD = 2.06 μM) to exert potent activating effect (EC50 = 0.66 μM). Oral administration of PS-1 (25 or 50 mg/kg) significantly improved CIT, but this effect was confirmed to be inhibited by JAK2 inhibitor AG490, indicating that PS-1 exerted its efficacy through JAK2 in vivo. CONCLUSION Proanthocyanins (PS-1-4) derived from peanut skin were first clarified as platelet-enhancing ingredients to improve CIT. The underlying mechanism of PS-1 was proved to promote the proliferation and differentiation of MKs via JAK2/STAT3 pathway both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215028, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Tan Y, Fu S, Yang T, Xie Y, Shen G, Yan J, Zhao Y, Ni F. Evaluation of Site-Diversified, Fully Functionalized Diazirine Probes for Chemical Proteomic Applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9532-9535. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03868d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of site-diversified, fully functionalized diazirine probes are constructed based on a scaffold shared by several marketed EGFR-targeted drugs. The integrated analysis of protein targets of site-diversified probe toolkit...
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44
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CHEN BR, GAO CL, LIU J, GUO YW, JIANG JL, PANG T, LI XW. Diversity-oriented synthesis of marine sponge derived hyrtioreticulins and their anti-inflammatory activities. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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45
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Zhang T, Zhuang H, Tang L, Han Z, Guo W, Huang H, Sun J. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[ b]oxepines via Asymmetric Oxetane Opening by Internal Carbon Nucleophiles. Org Lett 2021; 24:207-212. [PMID: 34914391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An intramolecular C-C formation process based on catalytic asymmetric oxetane opening by carbon nucleophiles has been developed, which provides rapid access to a range of valuable enantioenriched 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]oxepines. With the combination of Sc(OTf)3 and a Box ligand, good chemical efficiency and enantioselectivity were achieved under mild conditions. The products are also useful precursors to other valuable structures, such as the bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Han Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Luning Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhengyu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wengang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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46
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Li M, Lu H, Wang X, Duan C, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Ge X, Ji F, Wang X, Su J, Zhang D. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) interacts with activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) to bridge glycolysis and pyroptosis in microglia. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:250-266. [PMID: 34798593 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a glycolytic rate-limiting enzyme, reportedly plays an important role in tumorigenesis and the inflammatory response by regulating the metabolic reprogramming. However, its contribution to microglial activation during neuroinflammation is still unknown. In this study, we observed an enhanced glycolysis level in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. Utilizing the glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG, we proved that LPS requires glycolysis to induce microglial pyroptosis. Moreover, the protein expression, dimer/monomer formation, phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of PKM2 were all increased by LPS. Silencing PKM2 or preventing its nuclear translocation by TEPP-46 significantly alleviated the LPS-induced inflammatory response and pyroptosis in microglia. Employing biological mass spectrometry combined with immunoprecipitation technology, we identified for the first time that PKM2 interacts with activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) in microglia. Inhibition of glycolysis or preventing PKM2 nuclear aggregation significantly reduced the phosphorylation and activation of ATF2. Furthermore, knocking down ATF2 reduced the LPS-induced pyroptosis of microglia. In vivo, we showed the LPS-induced pyroptosis in the cerebral cortex tissues of mice, and first found that an increased PKM2 expression was co-localized with ATF2 in the inflamed mice brain. Collectively, our data suggested for the first time that PKM2, a key rate-limiting enzyme of the Warburg effect, directly interacts with the pro-inflammatory transcription factor ATF2 to bridge glycolysis and pyroptosis in microglia, which might be a pivotal crosstalk between metabolic reprogramming and neuroinflammation in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Duan
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Neurosurgery Department, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ge
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ji
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Su
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Hu XL, Shen W, Wang R, Long H, Wang Q, Feng JH, Pham TA, Xiong F, Ye WC, Wang H. Discovery of Eucalyptin C, derived from the fruits of Eucalyptus globulus Labill., as a novel selective PI3Kγ inhibitor for immunosuppressive treatment. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:844-855. [PMID: 34844723 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fruits of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. are known to have a plenty of medicinal properties, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activity. Our previous study found that the phloroglucinol-sesquiterpene adducts in the fruits of E. globulus were immunosuppressive active constituents, especially Eucalyptin C (EuC). Phosphoinositide 3-kinases-γ (PI3Kγ) plays a pivotal role in T cell mediated excessive immune responses. In this study, EuC was first discovered to be a novel selective PI3Kγ inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.9 μmol·L-1 and selectivity over 40-fold towards the other PI3K isoforms. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and cellular thermal shift assay showed that EuC bound to PI3Kγ. Furthermore, EuC suppressed the downstream of PI3Kγ to induce the apoptosis and inhibit the activation of primary spleen cells derived from allergic contact dermatitis mice. This work highlights the role of the fruits of E. globulus as a source of bioactive plant with immunosuppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia-Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Thi-Anh Pham
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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48
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Song J, Zhao FL, Wang QB, Meng QG. Crystal structure of (E)-7-fluoro-2-(3-fluorobenzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C17H12F2O1. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C17H12F2O1, monoclinic,
P
1
‾
$P\overline{1}$
(no. 2), a = 7.3832(8) Å, b = 8.6467(9) Å, c = 11.3278(11) Å, α = 87.633(8)°, β = 88.022(8)°, γ = 65.364(10)°, V = 654.88(13) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0369, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0987, T = 293(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University , Yantai , P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University , Yantai , P. R. China
| | - Qi-bao Wang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University , No. 669 Xueyuan Road , Donggang District , Rizhao , Shandong Province 276800 , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Guo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University , Yantai , P. R. China
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49
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Bian M, Ma QQ, Wu Y, Du HH, Guo-Hua G. Small molecule compounds with good anti-inflammatory activity reported in the literature from 01/2009 to 05/2021: a review. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:2139-2159. [PMID: 34628990 PMCID: PMC8516162 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1984903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and disease are closely related. Inflammation can induce various diseases, and diseases can promote inflammatory response, and two possibly induces each other in a bidirectional loop. Inflammation is usually treated using synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs which are associated with several adverse effects hence are not safe for long-term use. Therefore, there is need for anti-inflammatory drugs which are not only effective but also safe. Several researchers have devoted to the research and development of effective anti-inflammatory drugs with little or no side effects. In this review, we studied some small molecules with reported anti-inflammatory activities and hence potential sources of anti-inflammatory agents. The information was retrieved from relevant studies published between January 2019 and May, 2021 for review. This review study was aimed to provide relevant information towards the design and development of effective and safe anti-inflammation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bian
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yun Wu
- First Clinical Medical of Inner, Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Huan-Huan Du
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Gong Guo-Hua
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China.,First Clinical Medical of Inner, Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
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50
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Liang LH, Zhao FL, Meng QG. Crystal structure of ( E)-7-hydroxy-2-((6-methoxypyridin-2-yl)methylene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2 H)-one, C 17H 15NO 3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C17H15NO3, triclinic,
P
1
‾
$P‾{1}$
(no. 2), a = 7.5016(4) Å, b = 13.6750(8) Å, c = 14.8557(9) Å, α = 115.469(6)°, β = 91.726(5)°, γ = 97.325(5)°, V = 1358.48(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0442, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1095, T = 100 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-Hai Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University , Yantai , P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University , Yantai , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Guo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University , Yantai , P. R. China
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