1
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Sklenárová D, Hlaváček A, Křivánková J, Brandmeier JC, Weisová J, Řiháček M, Gorris HH, Skládal P, Farka Z. Single-molecule microfluidic assay for prostate-specific antigen based on magnetic beads and upconversion nanoparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3536-3545. [PMID: 38946347 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Early-stage diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma is essential for successful treatment and, thus, significant prognosis improvement. In laboratory practice, the standard non-invasive diagnostic approach is the immunochemical detection of the associated biomarker, prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Ultrasensitive detection of PSA is essential for both diagnostic and recurrence monitoring purposes. To achieve exceptional sensitivity, we have developed a microfluidic device with a flow-through cell for single-molecule analysis using photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as a detection label. For this purpose, magnetic microparticles (MBs) were first optimized for the capture and preconcentration of PSA and then used to implement a bead-based upconversion-linked immunoassay (ULISA) in the microfluidic device. The digital readout based on counting single nanoparticle-labeled PSA molecules on MBs enabled a detection limit of 1.04 pg mL-1 (36 fM) in 50% fetal bovine serum, which is an 11-fold improvement over the respective analog MB-based ULISA. The microfluidic technique conferred several other advantages, such as easy implementation and the potential for achieving high-throughput analysis. Finally, it was proven that the microfluidic setup is suitable for clinical sample analysis, showing a good correlation with a reference electrochemiluminescence assay (recovery rates between 97% and 105%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sklenárová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Křivánková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Julian C Brandmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 930 53 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julie Weisová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Řiháček
- Department of Laboratory Methods, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Máčala J, Makhneva E, Hlaváček A, Kopecký M, Gorris HH, Skládal P, Farka Z. Upconversion Nanoparticle-Based Dot-Blot Immunoassay for Quantitative Biomarker Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10237-10245. [PMID: 38870418 PMCID: PMC11209662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Dot-blot immunoassays are widely used for the user-friendly detection of clinical biomarkers. However, the majority of dot-blot assays have only limited sensitivity and are only used for qualitative or semiquantitative analysis. To overcome this limitation, we have employed labels based on photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that exhibit anti-Stokes luminescence and can be detected without optical background interference. First, the dot-blot immunoassay on a nitrocellulose membrane was optimized for the quantitative analysis of human serum albumin (HSA), resulting in a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.19 ng/mL and a signal-to-background ratio (S/B) of 722. Commercial quantum dots were used as a reference label, reaching the LOD of 4.32 ng/mL and the S/B of 3, clearly indicating the advantages of UCNPs. In addition, the potential of UCNP-based dot-blot for real sample analysis was confirmed by analyzing spiked urine samples, reaching the LOD of 0.24 ng/mL and recovery rates from 79 to 123%. Furthermore, we demonstrated the versatility and robustness of the assay by adapting it to the detection of two other clinically relevant biomarkers, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and cardiac troponin (cTn), reaching the LODs in spiked serum of 9.4 pg/mL and 0.62 ng/mL for PSA and cTn, respectively. Finally, clinical samples of patients examined for prostate cancer were analyzed, achieving a strong correlation with the reference electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (recovery rates from 89 to 117%). The achieved results demonstrate that UCNPs are highly sensitive labels that enable the development of dot-blot immunoassays for quantitative analysis of low-abundance biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Máčala
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ekaterina Makhneva
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Doan THP, Fried JP, Tang W, Hagness DE, Yang Y, Wu Y, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Nanopore Blockade Sensors for Quantitative Analysis Using an Optical Nanopore Assay. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6218-6224. [PMID: 38757765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Nanopore sensing is a popular biosensing strategy that is being explored for the quantitative analysis of biomarkers. With low concentrations of analytes, nanopore sensors face challenges related to slow response times and selectivity. Here, we demonstrate an approach to rapidly detect species at ultralow concentrations using an optical nanopore blockade sensor for quantitative detection of the protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This sensor relies on monitoring fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles blocking nanopores in a nanopore array of 676 nanopores. The fluorescent signal is read out using a wide-field fluorescence microscope. Nonspecific blockade events are then distinguished from specific blockade events based on the ability to pull the particles out of the pore using an applied electric field. This allows the detection of VEGF at sub-picomolar concentration in less than 15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Hoang Phuong Doan
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jasper P Fried
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Wenxian Tang
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel Everett Hagness
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yanfang Wu
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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4
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Xu S, Xiao X, Manshaii F, Chen J. Injectable Fluorescent Neural Interfaces for Cell-Specific Stimulating and Imaging. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38606614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Building on current explorations in chronic optical neural interfaces, it is essential to address the risk of photothermal damage in traditional optogenetics. By focusing on calcium fluorescence for imaging rather than stimulation, injectable fluorescent neural interfaces significantly minimize photothermal damage and improve the accuracy of neuronal imaging. Key advancements including the use of injectable microelectronics for targeted electrical stimulation and their integration with cell-specific genetically encoded calcium indicators have been discussed. These injectable electronics that allow for post-treatment retrieval offer a minimally invasive solution, enhancing both usability and reliability. Furthermore, the integration of genetically encoded fluorescent calcium indicators with injectable bioelectronics enables precise neuronal recording and imaging of individual neurons. This shift not only minimizes risks such as photothermal conversion but also boosts safety, specificity, and effectiveness of neural imaging. Embracing these advancements represents a significant leap forward in biomedical engineering and neuroscience, paving the way for advanced brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Farid Manshaii
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Schmidt K, Riedel T, de los Santos Pereira A, Lynn NS, Dorado Daza DF, Dostalek J. Sandwich Immuno-RCA Assay with Single Molecule Counting Readout: The Importance of Biointerface Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17109-17119. [PMID: 38530402 PMCID: PMC11009916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of low-abundance protein molecules in human serum is reported based on counting of the individual affinity-captured analyte on a solid sensor surface, yielding a readout format similar to digital assays. In this approach, a sandwich immunoassay with rolling circle amplification (RCA) is used for single molecule detection (SMD) through associating the target analyte with spatially distinct bright spots observed by fluorescence microscopy. The unspecific interaction of the target analyte and other immunoassay constituents with the sensor surface is of particular interest in this work, as it ultimately limits the performance of this assay. It is minimized by the design of the respective biointerface and thiol self-assembled monolayer with oligoethylene (OEG) head groups, and a poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] (pHOEGMA) antifouling polymer brush was used for the immobilization of the capture antibody (cAb) on the sensor surface. The assay relying on fluorescent postlabeling of long single-stranded DNA that are grafted from the detection antibody (dAb) by RCA was established with the help of combined surface plasmon resonance and surface plasmon-enhanced fluorescence monitoring of reaction kinetics. These techniques were employed for in situ measurements of conjugating of cAb to the sensor surface, tagging of short single-stranded DNA to dAb, affinity capture of the target analyte from the analyzed liquid sample, and the fluorescence readout of the RCA product. Through mitigation of adsorption of nontarget molecules on the sensor surface by tailoring of the antifouling biointerface, optimizing conjugation chemistry, and by implementing weak Coulombic repelling between dAb and the sensor surface, the limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was substantially improved. For the chosen interleukin-6 biomarker, SMD assay with LOD at a concentration of 4.3 fM was achieved for model (spiked) samples, and validation of the ability of detection of standard human serum samples is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schmidt
- Laboratory
for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Danube Private University, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2, 2700 Wiener, Neustadt, Austria
| | - Tomas Riedel
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, Prague 162
00, Czech Republic
| | - Andres de los Santos Pereira
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, Prague 162
00, Czech Republic
| | - N. Scott Lynn
- FZU-Institute
of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Diego Fernando Dorado Daza
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, Prague 162
00, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- Laboratory
for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Danube Private University, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2, 2700 Wiener, Neustadt, Austria
- FZU-Institute
of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
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6
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Kayyil Veedu M, Hajda A, Olesiak-Bańska J, Wenger J. Three species multiplexing of fluorescent dyes and gold nanoclusters recovered with fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130611. [PMID: 38552746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Biosensor applications often require the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes, with a clear need to go beyond the traditional multiplexing relying on distinct fluorescent dyes across the visible spectrum. Fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS) is a powerful approach taking advantage of the fluorescence lifetime information to separate the contributions of different fluorescent species with overlapping emission spectra. However, so far FLCS detection has been demonstrated only on binary mixtures of two fluorescent dyes, limiting its multiplexing capabilities. Here, we report the first quantitative FLCS measurements within a ternary mixture composed of three different fluorescent emitters with near-identical emission spectra. Two organic fluorescent dyes, Alexa Fluor 647 and CF640R, are combined with water-soluble Au18(SG)14 gold nanoclusters. Our experimental data establish that FLCS allows to accurately determine individual concentrations within intricate ternary mixtures. Another major aspect of interest concerns the assessment of the suitability of gold nanoclusters for FLCS multiplexing applications. With their microsecond lifetime and stable emission characteristics, gold nanoclusters add a valuable new aspect to the array of FLCS probes. Extending FLCS multiplexing beyond binary mixtures paves the way for further progress in the simultaneous highly parallel biosensing of multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavika Kayyil Veedu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, AMUTech, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Agata Hajda
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Olesiak-Bańska
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, AMUTech, 13013 Marseille, France.
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7
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Seltmann A, Carravilla P, Reglinski K, Eggeling C, Waithe D. Neural network informed photon filtering reduces fluorescence correlation spectroscopy artifacts. Biophys J 2024; 123:745-755. [PMID: 38384131 PMCID: PMC10995453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) techniques are well-established tools to investigate molecular dynamics in confocal and super-resolution microscopy. In practice, users often need to handle a variety of sample- or hardware-related artifacts, an example being peak artifacts created by bright, slow-moving clusters. Approaches to address peak artifacts exist, but measurements suffering from severe artifacts are typically nonanalyzable. Here, we trained a one-dimensional U-Net to automatically identify peak artifacts in fluorescence time series and then analyzed the purified, nonartifactual fluctuations by time-series editing. We show that, in samples with peak artifacts, the transit time and particle number distributions can be restored in simulations and validated the approach in two independent biological experiments. We propose that it is adaptable for other FCS artifacts, such as detector dropout, membrane movement, or photobleaching. In conclusion, this simulation-based, automated, open-source pipeline makes measurements analyzable that previously had to be discarded and extends every FCS user's experimental toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Seltmann
- Institute for Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Katharina Reglinski
- Institute for Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany; Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Institute for Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany; Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Dominic Waithe
- MRC Centre for Computational Biology and Wolfson Imaging Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Gong F, Tan Z, Shan X, Yang Y, Tian S, Zhou F, Ji X, He Z. A Facile Strategy for Multiplex Protein Detection by a Fluorescent Microsphere-Based Digital Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3517-3524. [PMID: 38358834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The digital immunoassay is a highly sensitive detection technique based on single-molecule counting and is widely used in the ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers. Herein, we developed a fluorescent microsphere-based digital immunoassay (FMDIA) by employing fluorescent microspheres as both the carriers for immunoreaction and fluorescent reports for imaging. In this approach, the target protein in the sample was captured by fluorescent microspheres to form a biotin-labeled sandwich immunocomplex, and then, the fluorescent microspheres containing the target protein molecules were captured by adding streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (SA-MBs). By counting the proportion of fluorescence-positive magnetic beads, the concentration of the target protein can be precisely quantified. As a proof of concept, α fetoprotein (AFP) and human interleukin-6 (IL-6) were used to assess the analytical performance of the proposed FMDIA, and limit of detection (LOD) values of 21 pg/mL (0.30 pM) and 0.19 pg/mL (7.3 fM) were achieved, respectively. The results of AFP detection in serum samples of patients and healthy people were consistent with the reference values given by the hospital. Furthermore, by adding fluorescent microspheres of various colors for encoding, the proposed FMDIA can easily realize the simultaneous detection of multiple proteins without the need to introduce multiple modified magnetic beads. This multiplex protein detection strategy, in which the reactions are first carried out on the fluorescent microspheres and then magnetic beads are used to capture the fluorescent reporters containing the target molecules, provides a new idea for digital assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiyou Tan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yixia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Songbai Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinghu Ji
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhike He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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9
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Zhang C, Zheng K, Li C, Zhang R, Zhu Y, Xia L, Ma Y, Wyss HM, Cheng X, He S. Single-Molecule Protein Analysis by Centrifugal Droplet Immuno-PCR with Magnetic Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1872-1879. [PMID: 38225884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Detecting proteins in ultralow concentrations in complex media is important for many applications but often relies on complicated techniques. Herein, a single-molecule protein analyzer with the potential for high-throughput applications is reported. Gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles with DNA-labeled antibodies were used for target recognition and separation. The immunocomplex was loaded into microdroplets generated with centrifugation. Immuno-PCR amplification of the DNA enabled the quantification of proteins at the level of single molecules. As an example, ultrasensitive detection of α-synuclein, a biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, is achieved. The limit of detection was determined to be ∼50 aM in buffer and ∼170 aM in serum. The method exhibited high specificity and could be used to analyze post-translational modifications such as protein phosphorylation. This study will inspire wider studies on single-molecule protein detection, especially in disease diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Kaixin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Chi Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
- ZJU-TU/e Joint Research Institute of Design, Optoelectronic and Sensing, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Microsystems Research Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ranran Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yicheng Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Linxiao Xia
- National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yicheng Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Hans M Wyss
- ZJU-TU/e Joint Research Institute of Design, Optoelectronic and Sensing, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Microsystems Research Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600MB, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Ningbo 310050, China
- ZJU-TU/e Joint Research Institute of Design, Optoelectronic and Sensing, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Sailing He
- National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Ningbo 310050, China
- ZJU-TU/e Joint Research Institute of Design, Optoelectronic and Sensing, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm S-100 44, Sweden
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10
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Farka Z, Brandmeier JC, Mickert MJ, Pastucha M, Lacina K, Skládal P, Soukka T, Gorris HH. Nanoparticle-Based Bioaffinity Assays: From the Research Laboratory to the Market. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307653. [PMID: 38039956 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the development of new biorecognition elements, nanoparticle-based labels as well as instrumentation have inspired the design of new bioaffinity assays. This review critically discusses the potential of nanoparticles to replace current enzymatic or molecular labels in immunoassays and other bioaffinity assays. Successful implementations of nanoparticles in commercial assays and the need for rapid tests incorporating nanoparticles in different roles such as capture support, signal generation elements, and signal amplification systems are highlighted. The limited number of nanoparticles applied in current commercial assays can be explained by challenges associated with the analysis of real samples (e.g., blood, urine, or nasal swabs) that are difficult to resolve, particularly if the same performance can be achieved more easily by conventional labels. Lateral flow assays that are based on the visual detection of the red-colored line formed by colloidal gold are a notable exception, exemplified by SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests that have moved from initial laboratory testing to widespread market adaption in less than two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Julian C Brandmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Matěj Pastucha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- TestLine Clinical Diagnostics, Křižíkova 188, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Lacina
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
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11
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Han D, Jiang D, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Kanoufi F, Chaumet PC, Fang D, Sojic N. Optics Determines the Electrochemiluminescence Signal of Bead-Based Immunoassays. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4782-4791. [PMID: 37978286 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is an optical readout technique that is successfully applied for the detection of biomarkers in body fluids using microbead-based immunoassays. This technology is of utmost importance for in vitro diagnostics and thus a very active research area but is mainly focused on the quest for new dyes and coreactants, whereas the investigation of the ECL optics is extremely scarce. Herein, we report the 3D imaging of the ECL signals recorded at single microbeads decorated with the ECL labels in the sandwich immunoassay format. We show that the optical effects due to the light propagation through the bead determine mainly the spatial distribution of the recorded ECL signals. Indeed, the optical simulations based on the discrete dipole approximation compute rigorously the electromagnetic scattering of the ECL emission by the microbead and allow for reconstructing the spatial map of ECL emission. Thus, it provides a global description of the ECL chemical reactivity and the associated optics. The outcomes of this 3D imaging approach complemented by the optical modeling provide insight into the ECL optics and the unique ECL chemical mechanism operating on bead-based immunoassays. Therefore, it opens new directions for mechanistic investigations, ultrasensitive ECL bioassays, and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Han
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP,Univ. Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211126, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, ICMATE-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Patrick C Chaumet
- Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Danjun Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211126, China
| | - Neso Sojic
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP,Univ. Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
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12
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Liu G, Hou S, Li S, Ling J, Xu G, Li J. A molecularly imprinted sensor for single-molecule detection of pesticide metabolite at the amol/L level sensitized by water-soluble luminol derivative encapsulated liposome via click reaction. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115714. [PMID: 37816285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel luminol derivative, 4-[(1,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophthalazin-5-yl)amino]-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid (ALD) with electrochemiluminescence intensity and stability characteristics similar to luminol, but higher solubility in near neutral solution, was designed and synthesized in this study. Using this derivative, a molecular imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor (MIECLS) was prepared for the sensitive and selective determination of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT), a metabolite of bismerthiazol, thiediazole copper, thiazole zinc, and other pesticides. The ALD probes encapsulated in liposomes are immobilized on the molecularly imprinted film by light-triggered click reaction, and the concurrent release of multiple probes allows for highly sensitive detection. In the AMT concentration range of 1.00 × 10-18 - 5.00 × 10-13 mol/L, the relation between ECL response and log AMT concentration is linear. With a detection limit of 5.25 × 10-19 mol/L (about 4 - 6 molecules in 10 μL of the sample), the sensor allows for high sensitivity analysis of ultra-trace amounts of small organic compounds. In general, the ECL-based single-molecule detection technique proposed herein might be a promising alternative to fluorescence single-molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shili Hou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jun Ling
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Guobao Xu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China.
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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13
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Guo H, Gupta R, Sharma D, Zhanov E, Malone C, Jada R, Liu Y, Garg M, Singamaneni S, Zhao F, Tian L. Ultrasensitive, Multiplexed Buoyant Sensor for Monitoring Cytokines in Biofluids. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10171-10178. [PMID: 37922456 PMCID: PMC10863391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexed quantification of low-abundance protein biomarkers in complex biofluids is important for biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. However, in situ sampling without perturbing biological systems remains challenging. In this work, we report a buoyant biosensor that enables in situ monitoring of protein analytes at attomolar concentrations with a 15 min temporal resolution. The buoyant biosensor implemented with fluorescent nanolabels enabled the ultrasensitive and multiplexed detection and quantification of cytokines. Implementing the biosensor in a digital manner (i.e., counting the individual nanolabels) further improves the low detection limit. We demonstrate that the biosensor enables the detection and quantification of the time-varying concentrations of cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and TNF-α) in macrophage culture media without perturbing the live cells. The easy-to-apply biosensor with attomolar sensitivity and multiplexing capability can enable an in situ analysis of protein biomarkers in various biofluids and tissues to aid in understanding biological processes and diagnosing and treating diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Guo
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials
Science and Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Dhavan Sharma
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Elizabeth Zhanov
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Connor Malone
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ravi Jada
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mayank Garg
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials
Science and Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Limei Tian
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Center
for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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14
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Ren M, Dong Y, Wang J, Lin J, Qu L, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Computer vision-assisted smartphone microscope imaging digital immunosensor based on click chemistry-mediated microsphere counting technology for the detection of aflatoxin B 1 in peanuts. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341687. [PMID: 37709427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a carcinogenic contaminant in food or feed, and it poses a serious health risk to humans. Herein, a computer vision-assisted smartphone microscope imaging digital (SMID) immunosensor based on the click chemistry-mediated microsphere counting technology was designed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. In this SMID immunosensor, the modified polystyrene (PS) microspheres were used as the signal probes and were recorded by a smartphone microscopic imaging system after immunoreaction and click chemistry reaction. The number of PS probes is adjusted by aflatoxin B1. The customized computer vision procedure was used to efficiently identify and count the obtained PS probes. This SMID immunosensor enables sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 with a linear range from 0.001 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL, providing a simple, sensitive, and portable tool for food safety supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongzhen Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lijie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food of Hebei Province, Hebei North University, No. 11 South Diamond Road, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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15
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Dong C, Ren J. Resonance Light-Scattering Correlation Spectroscopy and Its Application in Analytical Chemistry for Life Science. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2582-2594. [PMID: 37706459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Resonance light-scattering correlation spectroscopy (RLSCS) is a new single-particle detection method with its working principle being like fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). RLSCS is obtained by autocorrelation function analysis on the measured fluctuation of the resonance light scattering (RLS) intensity occurring within a subfemtoliter volume when a single nanoparticle (such as gold nanoparticles (NPs) or silver (SNPs)) freely diffuses through the volume. The RLSCS technique can detect such parameters as concentration, diffusion coefficient (translation and rotation), etc. Compared with the FCS technique, the correlated fluorescence intensity signal in RLSCS is replaced with the RLS signal of the nanoparticles, overcoming some limits of the fluorescent probes such as photobleaching under high-intensity or long-term illumination. In this Account, we showcase RLSCS methods, theoretical models at different optical configurations, and some key applications. First, the RLSCS optical detection system was constructed based on the confocal optics, its theoretical model was proposed, and the diffusion behaviors of the nanoparticles in the solution were studied including the rotational and translational diffusion. And, methods were developed to measure the concentration, size, aspect ratio, and size distribution of the NPs. Second, based on the RLSCS methods, some detection strategies were developed for homogeneous DNA detection, immunoassay, apoptosis assay, self-thermophoresis of the nanomotor, and quantitative assay in single living cells. Meanwhile, a new fluorescence/scattering cross-correlation spectroscopy (FSCCS) method was proposed for monitoring the molecule-particle interaction. This method enriched the conventional fluorescence/fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) method. Third, using the EMCCD with high sensitivity and rapid response as an optical detector, two temporospatially resolved scattering correlation spectroscopy methods and their theoretical models were developed: total internal reflection (TIR) configuration-based spatially resolved scattering correlation spectroscopy (SRSCS) and dark-field illumination-based scattering correlation spectroscopy (DFSCS). These methods extended single-spot confocal RLSCS to imaging RLSCS, which makes RLSCS have the ability for multiple channel detection with temporospatial resolution. The method was successfully used for investigating the dynamic behaviors of gold NPs in live cells and obtained its temporospatial concentration distribution and diffusion behaviors. The final section of this Account outlines future directions in the development of RLSCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jicun Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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16
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Yang J, Kamai H, Wang Y, Xu Y. Nanofluidic Aptamer Nanoarray to Enable Stochastic Capture of Single Proteins at Normal Concentrations. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301013. [PMID: 37350189 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule experiments allow understanding of the diversity, stochasticity, and heterogeneity of molecular behaviors and properties hidden by conventional ensemble-averaged measurements. They hence have great importance and significant impacts in a wide range of fields. Despite significant advances in single-molecule experiments at ultralow concentrations, the capture of single molecules in solution at normal concentrations within natural biomolecular processes remains a formidable challenge. Here, a high-density, well-defined nanofluidic aptamer nanoarray (NANa) formed via site-specific self-assembly of well-designed aptamer molecules in nanochannels with nano-in-nano gold nanopatterns is presented. The nanofluidic aptamer nanoarray exhibits a high capability to specifically capture target proteins (e.g., platelet-derived growth factor BB; PDGF-BB) to form uniform protein nanoarrays under optimized nanofluidic conditions. Owing to these fundamental features, the nanofluidic aptamer nanoarray enables the stochastic capture of single PDGF-BB molecules at a normal concentration from a sample with an ultrasmall volume equivalent to a single cell by following Poisson statistics, forming a readily addressable single-protein nanoarray. This approach offers a methodology and device to surpass both the concentration and volume limits of single-protein capture in most conventional methodologies of single-molecule experiments, thus opening an avenue to explore the behavior of individual biomolecules in a manner close to their natural forms, which remains largely unexplored to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kamai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 26 CBEB, University Park, PA, 16802-6804, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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17
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Ceresa L, Chavez J, Bus MM, Budowle B, Kitchner E, Kimball J, Gryczynski I, Gryczynski Z. Multi intercalators FRET enhanced detection of minute amounts of DNA. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2023; 52:593-605. [PMID: 37140595 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-023-01655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach is presented that increases sensitivity and specificity for detecting minimal traces of DNA in liquid and on solid samples. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) from YOYO to Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) substantially increases the signal from DNA-bound EtBr highly enhancing sensitivity and specificity for DNA detection. The long fluorescence lifetime of the EtBr acceptor, when bound to DNA, allows for multi-pulse pumping with time gated (MPPTG) detection, which highly increases the detectable signal of DNA-bound EtBr. A straightforward spectra/image subtraction eliminates sample background and allows for a huge increase in the overall detection sensitivity. Using a combination of FRET and MPPTG detection an amount as small as 10 pg of DNA in a microliter sample can be detected without any additional sample purification/manipulation or use of amplification technologies. This amount of DNA is comparable to the DNA content of a one to two human cells. Such a detection method based on simple optics opens the potential for robust, highly sensitive DNA detection/imaging in the field, quick evaluation/sorting (i.e., triaging) of collected DNA samples, and can support various diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ceresa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA.
| | - Jose Chavez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Magdalena M Bus
- Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Bruce Budowle
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Forensic Science Institute, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA
| | - Emma Kitchner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Joseph Kimball
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Ignacy Gryczynski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Zygmunt Gryczynski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
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18
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Fan W, Ren W, Jia D, Shi J, Liu C. Digital-like Enzyme Inhibition Mechanism-Based Strategy for the Digital Sensing of Heparin-Specific Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13690-13697. [PMID: 37632468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
A new microbead (MB)-based digital flow cytometric sensing system is proposed for the sensitive detection of heparin-specific biomarkers, including heparin-binding protein (HBP) and heparinase. This strategy takes advantage of the inherent space-confined enzymatic behavior of T4 polynucleotide kinase phosphatase (T4 PNKP) around a single MB and the heparin's digital-like inhibitory effect on T4 PNKP. By integrating with an on-bead terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-catalyzed fluorescence signal amplification technology, the concentration of HBP and heparinase can be digitally determined by the number of fluorescence-positive/-negative MBs which can be easily counted by flow cytometry. This is not only the first test to expand the application scenario of T4 PNKP to the digital detection of different biomarkers but also pioneers a new direction for fabricating digital biosensing platforms based on the enzyme inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710119, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710119, P. R. China
| | - Dailu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710119, P. R. China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710119, P. R. China
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19
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Panferov VG, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Post-Assay Chemical Enhancement for Highly Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassays: A Critical Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:866. [PMID: 37754100 PMCID: PMC10526817 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has found a broad application for testing in point-of-care (POC) settings. LFIA is performed using test strips-fully integrated multimembrane assemblies containing all reagents for assay performance. Migration of liquid sample along the test strip initiates the formation of labeled immunocomplexes, which are detected visually or instrumentally. The tradeoff of LFIA's rapidity and user-friendliness is its relatively low sensitivity (high limit of detection), which restricts its applicability for detecting low-abundant targets. An increase in LFIA's sensitivity has attracted many efforts and is often considered one of the primary directions in developing immunochemical POC assays. Post-assay enhancements based on chemical reactions facilitate high sensitivity. In this critical review, we explain the performance of post-assay chemical enhancements, discuss their advantages, limitations, compared limit of detection (LOD) improvements, and required time for the enhancement procedures. We raise concerns about the performance of enhanced LFIA and discuss the bottlenecks in the existing experiments. Finally, we suggest the experimental workflow for step-by-step development and validation of enhanced LFIA. This review summarizes the state-of-art of LFIA with chemical enhancement, offers ways to overcome existing limitations, and discusses future outlooks for highly sensitive testing in POC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily G. Panferov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.P.); (A.V.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Anatoly V. Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.P.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Boris B. Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.P.); (A.V.Z.)
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20
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Zhao W, Zhou Y, Feng YZ, Niu X, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Dong Y, Tan M, Xianyu Y, Chen Y. Computer Vision-Based Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Encoding-Decoding for Multiplexed Microfluidic Digital Immunoassay. ACS NANO 2023; 17:13700-13714. [PMID: 37458511 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Digital immunoassays with multiplexed capacity, ultrahigh sensitivity, and broad affordability are urgently required in clinical diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring. In this work, a multidimensional digital immunoassay has been developed through microparticle-based encoding and artificial intelligence-based decoding, enabling multiplexed detection with high sensitivity and convenient operation. The information encoded in the features of microspheres, including their size, number, and color, allows for the simultaneous identification and accurate quantification of multiple targets. Computer vision-based artificial intelligence can analyze the microscopy images for information decoding and output identification results visually. Moreover, the optical microscopy imaging can be well integrated with the microfluidic platform, allowing for encoding-decoding through the computer vision-based artificial intelligence. This microfluidic digital immunoassay can simultaneously analyze multiple inflammatory markers and antibiotics within 30 min with high sensitivity and a broad detection range from pg/mL to μg/mL, which holds great promise as an intelligent bioassay for next-generation multiplexed biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei China
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei China
| | - Yao-Ze Feng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei China
| | - Xiaohu Niu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei China
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei China
| | - Yongzhen Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei China
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21
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Bergkamp MH, Cajigas S, van IJzendoorn LJ, Prins MW. High-Throughput Single-Molecule Sensors: How Can the Signals Be Analyzed in Real Time for Achieving Real-Time Continuous Biosensing? ACS Sens 2023; 8:2271-2281. [PMID: 37216442 PMCID: PMC10294250 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule sensors collect statistics of single-molecule interactions, and the resulting data can be used to determine concentrations of analyte molecules. The assays are generally end-point assays and are not designed for continuous biosensing. For continuous biosensing, a single-molecule sensor needs to be reversible, and the signals should be analyzed in real time in order to continuously report output signals, with a well-controlled time delay and measurement precision. Here, we describe a signal processing architecture for real-time continuous biosensing based on high-throughput single-molecule sensors. The key aspect of the architecture is the parallel computation of multiple measurement blocks that enables continuous measurements over an endless time span. Continuous biosensing is demonstrated for a single-molecule sensor with 10,000 individual particles that are tracked as a function of time. The continuous analysis includes particle identification, particle tracking, drift correction, and detection of the discrete timepoints where individual particles switch between bound and unbound states, yielding state transition statistics that relate to the analyte concentration in solution. The continuous real-time sensing and computation were studied for a reversible cortisol competitive immunosensor, showing how the precision and time delay of cortisol monitoring are controlled by the number of analyzed particles and the size of the measurement blocks. Finally, we discuss how the presented signal processing architecture can be applied to various single-molecule measurement methods, allowing these to be developed into continuous biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max H. Bergkamp
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leo J. van IJzendoorn
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Menno W.J. Prins
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Helia
Biomonitoring, Eindhoven 5612 AR, The Netherlands
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22
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Zhang J, Wiener AD, Meyer RE, Kan CW, Rissin DM, Kolluru B, George C, Tobos CI, Shan D, Duffy DC. Improving the Accuracy, Robustness, and Dynamic Range of Digital Bead Assays. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37229528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report methods that improve the quantification of digital bead assays (DBA)─such as the digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)─that have found widespread use for high sensitivity measurement of proteins in clinical research and diagnostics. In digital ELISA, proteins are captured on beads, labeled with enzymes, individual beads are interrogated for activity from one or more enzymes, and the average number of enzymes per bead (AEB) is determined based on Poisson statistics. The widespread use of digital ELISA has revealed limitations to the original approaches to quantification that can lead to inaccurate AEB. Here, we have addressed the inaccuracy in AEB due to deviations from Poisson distribution in a digital ELISA for Aβ-40 by changing the AEB calculation from a fixed threshold between digital counting and average normalized intensity to a smooth, continuous combination of digital counting and intensity. We addressed issues with determining the average product fluorescence intensity from single enzymes on beads by allowing outlier, high intensity arrays to be removed from average intensities, and by permitting the use of a wider range of arrays. These approaches improved the accuracy of a digital ELISA for tau protein that was affected by aggregated detection antibodies. We increased the dynamic range of a digital ELISA for IL-17A from AEB ∼25 to ∼130 by combining long and short exposure images at the product emission wavelength to create virtual images. The methods reported will significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of DBA based on imaging─such as single molecule arrays (Simoa)─and flow detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Zhang
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Alexander D Wiener
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Raymond E Meyer
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Cheuk W Kan
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - David M Rissin
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Bharathi Kolluru
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Christopher George
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Carmen I Tobos
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Dandan Shan
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - David C Duffy
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
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23
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Abstract
There has been a recent surge of advances in biomolecular assays based on the measurement of discrete molecular targets as opposed to signals averaged across molecular ensembles. Many of these "digital" assay designs derive from now-mature technologies involving single-molecule imaging and microfluidics and provide an assortment of new modalities to quantify nucleic acids and proteins in biospecimens such as blood and tissue homogenates. A primary new benefit is the robust detection of trace analytes at attomolar to femtomolar concentrations for which many ensemble assays cannot distinguish signals above noise levels. In addition, multiple biomolecules can be differentiated within a mixture using optical barcodes, with much faster and simpler readouts compared with sequencing methods. In ideal digital assays, signals should, in theory, further represent absolute molecular counts, rather than relative levels, eliminating the need for calibration standards that are the mainstay of typical assays. Several digital assay platforms have now been commercialized but challenges hinder the adoption and diversification of these new formats, as there are broad needs to balance sensitivity and dynamic range of detection, increase analyte multiplexing, improve sample throughput, and reduce cost. Our lab and others have developed technologies to address these challenges by redesigning molecular probes and labels, improving molecular transport within detection focal volumes, and applying solution-based readout methods in flow.This Account describes the principles, formats, and design constraints of digital biomolecular assays that apply optical labels toward the goal of simple and routine target counting that may ultimately approach absolute readout standards. The primary challenges can be understood from fundamental concepts in thermodynamics and kinetics of association reactions, mass transport, and discrete statistics. Major advances include (1) new inorganic nanocrystal probes for more robust counting compared with dyes, (2) diverse molecular amplification tools that endow attachment of numerous labels to single targets, (3) specialized surfaces with patterned features for electromagnetic coupling to labels for signal amplification, (4) surface capture enhancement methods to concentrate targets through disruption of diffusion depletion zones, and (5) flow counting in which analytes are rapidly counted in solution without pull-down to a surface. Further progress and integration of these tools for biomolecular counting could improve the precision of laboratory measurements in life sciences research and benefit clinical diagnostic assays for low abundance biomarkers in limiting biospecimen volumes that are out of reach of traditional ensemble-level bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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24
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Brandmeier JC, Jurga N, Grzyb T, Hlaváček A, Obořilová R, Skládal P, Farka Z, Gorris HH. Digital and Analog Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein via an Upconversion-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4753-4759. [PMID: 36916131 PMCID: PMC10018451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis requires fast and highly sensitive tests for the early stage detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. For detecting the nucleocapsid protein (N protein), the most abundant viral antigen, we have employed upconversion nanoparticles that emit short-wavelength light under near-infrared excitation (976 nm). The anti-Stokes emission avoids autofluorescence and light scattering and thus enables measurements without optical background interference. The sandwich upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay (ULISA) can be operated both in a conventional analog mode and in a digital mode based on counting individual immune complexes. We have investigated how different antibody combinations affect the detection of the wildtype N protein and the detection of SARS-CoV-2 (alpha variant) in lysed culture fluid via the N protein. The ULISA yielded a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.3 pg/mL (27 fM) for N protein detection independent of the analog or digital readout, which is approximately 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or commercial lateral flow assays for home testing. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, the digital ULISA additionally improved the LOD by a factor of 10 compared to the analog readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Brandmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzyb
- Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Obořilová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Abstract
This paper reviews methods for detecting proteins based on molecular digitization, i.e., the isolation and detection of single protein molecules or singulated ensembles of protein molecules. The single molecule resolution of these methods has resulted in significant improvements in the sensitivity of immunoassays beyond what was possible using traditional "analog" methods: the sensitivity of some digital immunoassays approach those of methods for measuring nucleic acids, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The greater sensitivity of digital protein detection has resulted in immuno-diagnostics with high potential societal impact, e.g., the early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of Alzheimer's Disease. In this review, we will first provide the motivation for developing digital protein detection methods given the limitations in the sensitivity of analog methods. We will describe the paradigm shift catalyzed by single molecule detection, and will describe in detail one digital approach - which we call digital bead assays (DBA) - based on the capture and labeling of proteins on beads, identifying "on" and "off" beads, and quantification using Poisson statistics. DBA based on the single molecule array (Simoa) technology have sensitivities down to attomolar concentrations, equating to ∼10 proteins in a 200 μL sample. We will describe the concept behind DBA, the different single molecule labels used, the ways of analyzing beads (imaging of arrays and flow), the binding reagents and substrates used, and integration of these technologies into fully automated and miniaturized systems. We provide an overview of emerging approaches to digital protein detection, including those based on digital detection of nucleic acids labels, single nanoparticle detection, measurements using nanopores, and methods that exploit the kinetics of single molecule binding. We outline the initial impact of digital protein detection on clinical measurements, highlighting the importance of customized assay development and translational clinical research. We highlight the use of DBA in the measurement of neurological protein biomarkers in blood, and how these higher sensitivity methods are changing the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. We conclude by summarizing the status of digital protein detection and suggest how the lab-on-a-chip community might drive future innovations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Duffy
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
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26
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Fan W, Dong Y, Ren W, Liu C. Single microentity analysis-based ultrasensitive bioassays: Recent advances, applications, and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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27
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Zhou X, Zheng B. Surface modification for improving immunoassay sensitivity. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1151-1168. [PMID: 36636910 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00811d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays are widely performed in many fields such as biomarker discovery, proteomics, drug development, and clinical diagnosis. There is a growing need for high sensitivity of immunoassays to detect low abundance analytes. As a result, great effort has been made to improve the quality of surfaces, on which the immunoassay is performed. In this review article, we summarize the recent progress in surface modification strategies for improving the sensitivity of immunoassays. The surface modification strategies can be categorized into two groups: antifouling coatings to reduce background noise and nanostructured surfaces to amplify the signals. The first part of the review summarizes the common antifouling coating techniques to prevent nonspecific binding and reduce background noise. The techniques include hydrophilic polymer based self-assembled monomers, polymer brushes, and surface attached hydrogels, and omniphobicity based perfluorinated surfaces. In the second part, some common nanostructured surfaces to amplify the specific detection signals are introduced, including nanoparticle functionalized surfaces, two dimensional (2D) nanoarrays, and 2D nanomaterial coatings. The third part discusses the surface modification techniques for digital immunoassays. In the end, the challenges and the future perspectives of the surface modification techniques for immunoassays are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zhou
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
| | - Bo Zheng
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
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28
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Chen M, Lin S, Zhou C, Cui D, Haick H, Tang N. From Conventional to Microfluidic: Progress in Extracellular Vesicle Separation and Individual Characterization. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202437. [PMID: 36541411 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles, which contain a wide variety of cargo such as proteins, miRNAs, and lipids. A growing body of evidence suggests that EVs are promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Although the excellent clinical value, their use in personalized healthcare practice is not yet feasible due to their highly heterogeneous nature. Taking the difficulty of isolation and the small size of EVs into account, the characterization of EVs at a single-particle level is both imperative and challenging. In a bid to address this critical point, more research has been directed into a microfluidic platform because of its inherent advantages in sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. This review discusses the biogenesis and heterogeneity of EVs and takes a broad view of state-of-the-art advances in microfluidics-based EV research, including not only EV separation, but also the single EV characterization of biophysical detection and biochemical analysis. To highlight the advantages of microfluidic techniques, conventional technologies are included for comparison. The current status of artificial intelligence (AI) for single EV characterization is then presented. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of microfluidics and its combination with AI applications in single EV characterization are also discussed. In the foreseeable future, recent breakthroughs in microfluidic platforms are expected to pave the way for single EV analysis and improve applications for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ning Tang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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29
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Zhu W, Dong J, Ruan G, Zhou Y, Feng J. Quantitative Single-Molecule Electrochemiluminescence Bioassay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214419. [PMID: 36504245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A single-molecule electrochemiluminescence bioassay is developed here which allows imaging and direct quantification of single biomolecules. Imaging single biomolecules is realized by localizing the electrochemiluminescence events of the labeled molecules. Such an imaging system allows mapping the spatial distribution of biomolecules with electrochemiluminescence and contains quantitative single-molecule insights. We further quantify biomolecules by spatiotemporally merging the repeated reactions at one molecule site and then counting the clustered molecules. The proposed single-molecule electrochemiluminescence bioassay is used to detect carcinoembryonic antigen, showing a limit of detection of 67 attomole concentration which is 10 000 times better than conventional electrochemiluminescence bioassays. This spatial resolution and sensitivity enable single-molecule electrochemiluminescence bioassay a new toolbox for both specific bioimaging and ultrasensitive quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhu
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jinrun Dong
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guoxiang Ruan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiandong Feng
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Research Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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30
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Zhou Y, Zhao W, Feng Y, Niu X, Dong Y, Chen Y. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Digital Immunoassay Based on a Programmable-Particle-Decoding Technique for Multitarget Ultrasensitive Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1589-1598. [PMID: 36571573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of a multitarget ultrasensitive immunoassay is significant to fields such as medical research, clinical diagnosis, and food safety inspection. In this study, an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted programmable-particle-decoding technique (APT)-based digital immunoassay system was developed to perform multitarget ultrasensitive detection. Multitarget was encoded by programmable polystyrene (PS) microspheres with different characteristics (particle size and number), and subsequent visible signals were recorded under an optical microscope after the immune reaction. The resultant images were further analyzed using a customized, AI-based computer vision technique to decode the intrinsic properties of polystyrene microspheres and to reveal the types and concentrations of targets. Our strategy has successfully detected multiple inflammatory markers in clinical serum and antibiotics with a broad detection range from pg/mL to μg/mL without extra signal amplification and conversion. An AI-based digital immunoassay system exhibits great potential to be used for the next generation of multitarget detection in disease screening for candidate patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Weiqi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yaoze Feng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohu Niu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongzhen Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong, China
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31
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Dey S, Dolci M, Zijlstra P. Single-Molecule Optical Biosensing: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:143-156. [PMID: 36968450 PMCID: PMC10037498 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the sensitivity and specificity of optical sensors has improved tremendously due to improvements in biochemical functionalization protocols and optical detection systems. As a result, single-molecule sensitivity has been reported in a range of biosensing assay formats. In this Perspective, we summarize optical sensors that achieve single-molecule sensitivity in direct label-free assays, sandwich assays, and competitive assays. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of single-molecule assays and summarize future challenges in the field including their optical miniaturization and integration, multimodal sensing capabilities, accessible time scales, and compatibility with real-life matrices such as biological fluids. We conclude by highlighting the possible application areas of optical single-molecule sensors that include not only healthcare but also the monitoring of the environment and industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayandipta Dey
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Dolci
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Zijlstra
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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32
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Minagawa Y, Nakata S, Date M, Ii Y, Noji H. On-Chip Enrichment System for Digital Bioassay Based on Aqueous Two-Phase System. ACS NANO 2023; 17:212-220. [PMID: 36579744 PMCID: PMC9835982 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We developed an on-chip enrichment method based on an aqueous two-phase system of dextran/polyethylene glycol mix, DEX/PEG ATPS, for digital bioassay. Accordingly, we prepared an array device of femtoliter reactors that displays millions of uniformly shaped DEX-rich droplets under a PEG-rich medium. The DEX-rich droplets effectively enriched DNA molecules from the PEG-rich medium. To quantify the enrichment power of the system, we performed a digital bioassay of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Upon genetically tagging ALP molecules with the DEX-binding domain (DBD) derived from dextransucrase, the ALP molecules were enriched 59-fold in the DEX droplets in comparison to that in a conventional digital bioassay. Subsequently, we performed a Cas13-based digital SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection assay to evaluate the performance of this system for a more practical assay. In this assay, the target RNA molecules bound to the DBD-tagged Cas13 molecules were effectively enriched in the DEX droplets. Consequently, an enrichment factor of 31 was achieved. Enrichment experiments for nonlabeled proteins were also performed to test the expandability of this technique. The model protein, nontagged β-galactosidase, was enriched in DEX droplets containing DBD-tagged antibody, with an enrichment factor of over 100. Thus, this system enabled effective on-chip enrichment of target molecules to enhance the detection sensitivity of digital bioassays without using external instruments or an external power source, which would be applicable for on-site bioassays or portable diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Minagawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shoki Nakata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Motoki Date
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yutaro Ii
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noji
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan
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33
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Kim T, Kim S, Noh C, Hwang H, Shin J, Won N, Lee S, Kim D, Jang Y, Hong SJ, Park J, Kim SJ, Jang S, Lim KI, Jo K. Counting DNA molecules on a microchannel surface for quantitative analysis. Talanta 2023; 252:123826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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34
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Fan W, Ren W, Liu C. Advances in optical counting and imaging of micro/nano single-entity reactors for biomolecular analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:97-117. [PMID: 36322160 PMCID: PMC9628437 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers is of paramount importance in various fields. Superior to the conventional ensemble measurement-based assays, single-entity assays, especially single-entity detection-based digital assays, not only can reach ultrahigh sensitivity, but also possess the potential to examine the heterogeneities among the individual target molecules within a population. In this review, we summarized the current biomolecular analysis methods that based on optical counting and imaging of the micro/nano-sized single entities that act as the individual reactors (e.g., micro-/nanoparticles, microemulsions, and microwells). We categorize the corresponding techniques as analog and digital single-entity assays and provide detailed information such as the design principles, the analytical performance, and their implementation in biomarker analysis in this work. We have also set critical comments on each technique from these aspects. At last, we reflect on the advantages and limitations of the optical single-entity counting and imaging methods for biomolecular assay and highlight future opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710119 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, 710119 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China ,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710119 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, 710119 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China ,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710119 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, 710119 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China ,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
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35
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Schaub JM, Ruan Q, Tetin SY. Epifluorescent single-molecule counting with Streptavidin-Phycoerythrin conjugates. Anal Biochem 2022; 659:114955. [PMID: 36265689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule methods, specifically single-molecule counting, convey high sensitivity in research applications. However, single-molecule counting experiments require specialized equipment or consumables to perform. We demonstrate the utility of using bright Streptavidin-Phycoerythrin (SA-PE) conjugates and an epifluorescence microscope, for single-molecule counting applications. In this work, we show that we can visualize single-molecules on glass surfaces, perform single-molecule diagnostic assays on magnetic microparticles, and image individual foci on cell surfaces. This approach is simple and effective for researchers interested in single-molecule counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Schaub
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Qiaoqiao Ruan
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Sergey Y Tetin
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, 60064, USA.
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36
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Wang W, Wu J, Zhao Z, Li Q, Huo B, Sun X, Han D, Liu M, Cai LC, Peng Y, Bai J, Gao Z. Ultrasensitive Automatic Detection of Small Molecules by Membrane Imaging of Single Molecule Assays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54914-54923. [PMID: 36459426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Determination of trace amounts of targets or even a single molecule target has always been a challenge in the detection field. Digital measurement methods established for single molecule counting of proteins, such as single molecule arrays (Simoa) or dropcast single molecule assays (dSimoa), are not suitable for detecting small molecule, because of the limited category of small molecule antibodies and the weak signal that can be captured. To address this issue, we have developed a strategy for single molecule detection of small molecules, called small molecule detection with single molecule assays (smSimoa). In this strategy, an aptamer is used as a recognition element, and an addressable DNA Nanoflower (DNF) attached on the magnetic beads surface, which exhibit fluorescence imaging, is employed as the output signal. Accompanied by digital imaging and automated counting analysis, E2 at the attomolar level can be measured. The smSimoa breaks the barrier of small molecule detection concentration and provides a basis for high throughput detection of multiple substances with fluorescence encoded magnetic beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunquan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaofeng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyang Huo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianpeng Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chao Cai
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialei Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
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37
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Liu Y, Li B, Liu B, Zhang K. Single-Particle Optical Imaging for Ultrasensitive Bioanalysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1105. [PMID: 36551072 PMCID: PMC9775667 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative detection of critical biomolecules and in particular low-abundance biomarkers in biofluids is crucial for early-stage diagnosis and management but remains a challenge largely owing to the insufficient sensitivity of existing ensemble-sensing methods. The single-particle imaging technique has emerged as an important tool to analyze ultralow-abundance biomolecules by engineering and exploiting the distinct physical and chemical property of individual luminescent particles. In this review, we focus and survey the latest advances in single-particle optical imaging (OSPI) for ultrasensitive bioanalysis pertaining to basic biological studies and clinical applications. We first introduce state-of-the-art OSPI techniques, including fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemiluminescence, and dark-field scattering, with emphasis on the contributions of various metal and nonmetal nano-labels to the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio. During the discussion of individual techniques, we also highlight their applications in spatial-temporal measurement of key biomarkers such as proteins, nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles with single-entity sensitivity. To that end, we discuss the current challenges and prospective trends of single-particle optical-imaging-based bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Binxiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Makhneva E, Sklenárová D, Brandmeier JC, Hlaváček A, Gorris HH, Skládal P, Farka Z. Influence of Label and Solid Support on the Performance of Heterogeneous Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16376-16383. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Makhneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Sklenárová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julian C. Brandmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 967, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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39
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Noji H, Minagawa Y, Ueno H. Enzyme-based digital bioassay technology - key strategies and future perspectives. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3092-3109. [PMID: 35861036 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00223j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Digital bioassays based on single-molecule enzyme reactions represent a new class of bioanalytical methods that enable the highly sensitive detection of biomolecules in a quantitative manner. Since the first reports of these methods in the 2000s, there has been significant growth in this new bioanalytical strategy. The principal strategy of this method is to compartmentalize target molecules in micron-sized reactors at the single-molecule level and count the number of microreactors showing positive signals originating from the target molecule. A representative application of digital bioassay is the digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Owing to their versatility, various types of digital ELISAs have been actively developed. In addition, some disease markers and viruses possess catalytic activity, and digital bioassays for such enzymes and viruses have, thus, been developed. Currently, with the emergence of new microreactor technologies, the targets of this methodology are expanding from simple enzymes to more complex systems, such as membrane transporters and cell-free gene expression. In addition, multiplex or multiparametric digital bioassays have been developed to assess precisely the heterogeneities in sample molecules/systems that are obscured by ensemble measurements. In this review, we first introduce the basic concepts of digital bioassays and introduce a range of digital bioassays. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of new classes of digital bioassays and emerging fields based on digital bioassay technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Noji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Minagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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40
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Chen X, Liu Y, Liu X, Lu C. Nanoparticle-based single molecule fluorescent probes. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1808-1821. [PMID: 35982510 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Single molecule fluorescent probes have attracted considerable attention duet to their ultimate sensitivity, fast response, low sample consumption, and high signal-to-noise ratio. Nanoparticles with outstanding optical properties make them perfect candidates for probes in application of single molecule detection. In this review, we focus on various kinds of nanoparticles acting as single molecule fluorescent probes, including quantum dots, upconverting fluorescent nanoparticles, carbon dots, single-wall carbon nanotubes, fluorescent nanodiamonds, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoclusters, and metallic nanoparticles. Optical properties of various nanoparticles and their recent application in single molecule fluorescent probes are explored. How nanoparticles boost the sensitivity of detection is emphasized in combination with different sensing strategies. Future trends of nanoparticles in single molecule detection are also discussed. We hope this review can provide practical guidance for researchers who work on nanoparticle-based single molecule fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Chen
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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41
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Jia D, Fan W, Ren W, Liu C. One-step detection of T4 polynucleotide kinase activity based on single particle-confined enzyme reaction and digital particle counting. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Ultrasensitive multiplexed chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 384-well plates. J Immunol Methods 2022; 508:113311. [PMID: 35787394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an ultrasensitive multiplexed immunoassay using 384-well microtiter plates capable of detecting proteins at subfemtomolar concentrations that requires as little as 2.5 μL of sample. Arrays of up to 4 capture antibodies were patterned on the bottom of the wells of a 384-well plate either by directly printing the capture antibodies or by printing anti-peptide tag anchor antibodies and incubating these arrays with capture antibodies conjugated to the corresponding peptide tags ("customized" assays). Samples were incubated with the antibody arrays and shaken orbitally at 2000 rpm to achieve the greatest sensitivity. Chemiluminescence (CL) from immunocomplexes labeled with horseradish peroxidase was imaged across the entire plate to quantify the amount of protein bound to each antibody spot of the arrays. The 384-well assay had a throughput 5-fold >96-well plates that was achieved from simultaneous imaging of CL in all 384-wells and the use of automated pipettors to allow parallel processing of 384 assays. We developed 4 assays based on the 384-well CL ELISA: a direct print assay for IL-10 (limit of detection (LOD) = 0.075 fM); a customized assay for IL-6 (0.22 fM); a customized pharmacokinetic (PK) assay for measuring adalimumab (7.3 pg/mL); and a customized 4-plex assay for IL-5 (0.1 fM), IL-6 (0.52 fM), IL-10 (0.2 fM), and TNF-α (3.2 fM). The sensitivity and precision of the cytokine assays were comparable to current ultrasensitive protein detection methods in 96-well formats. The PK assay for adalimumab was 650 times more sensitive than a commercially available 96-well plate ELISA. We used the 384-well CL ELISAs to measure endogenous levels of the cytokines in the serum and plasma of healthy humans: the mean concentrations and precision were comparable to those from 96-well immunoassays. This 384-well format with subfemtomolar sensitivity will enable ultrasensitive multiplexed immunoassays to be performed with higher throughput and lower sample volumes than currently possible, a particularly important capability for clinical studies in drug development.
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43
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Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Detection Limits of Immunoanalytical Systems: Limiting Factors and Methods of Reduction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Gorris HH, Soukka T. What Digital Immunoassays Can Learn from Ambient Analyte Theory: A Perspective. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6073-6083. [PMID: 35404586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays are important tools for clinical diagnosis as well as environmental and food analysis because they enable highly sensitive and quantitative measurements of analyte concentrations. In the 1980s, Roger Ekins suggested to improve the sensitivity of immunoassays by employing microspot assays, which are carried out under ambient analyte conditions and do not change the bulk analyte concentration of a sample during a measurement. More recently, the measurement of single analyte molecules has additionally attracted wide research interest. Although the ability to detect a single analyte molecule is not synonymous with the highest analytical sensitivity, single-molecule detection makes new routes accessible to avoiding background noise. This perspective follows the development of solid-phase immunoassays from the design of label techniques to single-molecule (digital) assays against the backdrop of Ekins's fundamental work on immunoassay theory. The essential aspects of both ambient analyte and digital assay approaches are presented as a guideline to finding a balance between the speed, sensitivity, and precision of immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
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45
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Chauhan N, Saxena K, Jain U. Single molecule detection; from microscopy to sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1389-1401. [PMID: 35413320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule detection is necessary to find out physical, chemical properties and their mechanism involved in the normal functioning of body cells. In this way, they can provide a new direction to the healthcare system. Various techniques have been developed and employed for their successful detection. Herein, we have emphasized various traditional methods as well as biosensing technology which offer single molecule sensitivity. The various methods including plasmonic resonance, nanopores, whispering gallery mode, Simoa assay and recognition tunneling are discussed in the initial part which has been followed by a discussion about biosensor-based detection. Plasmonic, SERS, CRISPR/Cas, and other types of biosensors are focused in this review and found to be highly sensitive for single molecule detection. This review provides an overview of progression in different techniques employed for single molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida 201313, U.P., India
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida 201313, U.P., India
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida 201313, U.P., India.
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46
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Liu Y, Ye H, Huynh H, Xie C, Kang P, Kahn JS, Qin Z. Digital plasmonic nanobubble detection for rapid and ultrasensitive virus diagnostics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1687. [PMID: 35354801 PMCID: PMC8967834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive diagnostics of infectious diseases is an urgent and unmet need as evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report a strategy, based on DIgitAl plasMONic nanobubble Detection (DIAMOND), to address this need. Plasmonic nanobubbles are transient vapor bubbles generated by laser heating of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and allow single-NP detection. Using gold NPs as labels and an optofluidic setup, we demonstrate that DIAMOND achieves compartment-free digital counting and works on homogeneous immunoassays without separation and amplification steps. DIAMOND allows specific detection of respiratory syncytial virus spiked in nasal swab samples and achieves a detection limit of ~100 PFU/mL (equivalent to 1 RNA copy/µL), which is competitive with digital isothermal amplification for virus detection. Therefore, DIAMOND has the advantages including one-step and single-NP detection, direct sensing of intact viruses at room temperature, and no complex liquid handling, and is a platform technology for rapid and ultrasensitive diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Haihang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - HoangDinh Huynh
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Peiyuan Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Kahn
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Departments of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Lines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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47
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Hlaváček A, Farka Z, Mickert MJ, Kostiv U, Brandmeier JC, Horák D, Skládal P, Foret F, Gorris HH. Bioconjugates of photon-upconversion nanoparticles for cancer biomarker detection and imaging. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:1028-1072. [PMID: 35181766 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of cancer biomarkers in histological samples and blood is of paramount importance for clinical diagnosis. Current methods are limited in terms of sensitivity, hindering early detection of disease. We have overcome the shortcomings of currently available staining and fluorescence labeling methods by taking an integrative approach to establish photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) as a powerful platform for cancer detection. These nanoparticles are readily synthesized in different sizes to yield efficient and tunable short-wavelength light emission under near-infrared excitation, which eliminates optical background interference of the specimen. Here we present a protocol for the synthesis of UCNPs by high-temperature co-precipitation or seed-mediated growth by thermal decomposition, surface modification by silica or poly(ethylene glycol) that renders the particles resistant to nonspecific binding, and the conjugation of streptavidin or antibodies for biological detection. To detect blood-based biomarkers, we present an upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay for the analog and digital detection of the cancer marker prostate-specific antigen. When applied to immunocytochemistry analysis, UCNPs enable the detection of the breast cancer marker human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 with a signal-to-background ratio 50-fold higher than conventional fluorescent labels. UCNP synthesis takes 4.5 d, the preparation of the antibody-silica-UCNP conjugate takes 3 d, the streptavidin-poly(ethylene glycol)-UCNP conjugate takes 2-3 weeks, upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay takes 2-4 d and immunocytochemistry takes 8-10 h. The procedures can be performed after standard laboratory training in nanomaterials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Uliana Kostiv
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julian C Brandmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - František Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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48
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Chen J, Hao L, Hu J, Zhu K, Li Y, Xiong S, Huang X, Xiong Y, Tang BZ. A Universal Boronate‐Affinity Crosslinking‐Amplified Dynamic Light Scattering Immunoassay for Point‐of‐Care Glycoprotein Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Liangwen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Sicheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
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49
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Ma F, Li CC, Zhang CY. Nucleic acid amplification-integrated single-molecule fluorescence imaging for in vitro and in vivo biosensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13415-13428. [PMID: 34796887 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence imaging is among the most advanced analytical technologies and has been widely adopted for biosensing due to its distinct advantages of simplicity, rapidity, high sensitivity, low sample consumption, and visualization capability. Recently, a variety of nucleic acid amplification approaches have been developed to provide a straightforward and highly efficient way for amplifying low abundance target signals. The integration of single-molecule fluorescence imaging with nucleic acid amplification has greatly facilitated the construction of various fluorescent biosensors for in vitro and in vivo detection of DNAs, RNAs, enzymes, and live cells with high sensitivity and good selectivity. Herein, we review the advances in the development of fluorescent biosensors by integrating single-molecule fluorescence imaging with nucleic acid amplification based on enzyme (e.g., DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, exonuclease, and endonuclease)-assisted and enzyme-free (e.g., catalytic hairpin assembly, entropy-driven DNA amplification, ligation chain reaction, and hybridization chain reaction) strategies, and summarize the principles, features, and in vitro and in vivo applications of the emerging biosensors. Moreover, we discuss the remaining challenges and future directions in this area. This review may inspire the development of new signal-amplified single-molecule biosensors and promote their practical applications in fundamental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Chen-Chen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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50
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Chen J, Hao L, Hu J, Zhu K, Li Y, Xiong S, Huang X, Xiong Y, Tang BZ. A Universal Boronate-Affinity Crosslinking-Amplified Dynamic Light Scattering Immunoassay for Point-of-Care Glycoprotein Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112031. [PMID: 34881816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a universal boronate-affinity crosslinking-amplified dynamic light scattering (DLS) immunoassay for point-of-care (POC) glycoprotein detection in complex samples. This enhanced DLS immunoassay consists of two elements, i.e., antibody-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP@mAb) for target capture and DLS signal transduction, and phenylboronic acid-based boronate-affinity materials as crosslinking amplifiers. Upon the addition of targets, glycoproteins are first captured by MNP@mAb and amplified by target-induced crosslinking stemming from the selective binding between the boronic acid ligand and cis-diol-containing glycoprotein, thereby resulting in a remarkably increased DLS signal in the average nanoparticle size. Benefiting from the multivalent binding and fast boronate-affinity reaction between glycoproteins and crosslinkers, the proposed immunosensing strategy has achieved the ultrasensitive and rapid quantitative assay of glycoproteins at the fM level within 15 min. Overall, this work provides a promising and versatile design strategy for extending the DLS technique to detect glycoproteins even in the field or at POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Liangwen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Sicheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
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