1
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Paulus J, Sewald N. Small molecule- and peptide-drug conjugates addressing integrins: A story of targeted cancer treatment. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3561. [PMID: 38382900 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Targeted cancer treatment should avoid side effects and damage to healthy cells commonly encountered during traditional chemotherapy. By combining small molecule or peptidic ligands as homing devices with cytotoxic drugs connected by a cleavable or non-cleavable linker in peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) or small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), cancer cells and tumours can be selectively targeted. The development of highly affine, selective peptides and small molecules in recent years has allowed PDCs and SMDCs to increasingly compete with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Integrins represent an excellent target for conjugates because they are overexpressed by most cancer cells and because of the broad knowledge about native binding partners as well as the multitude of small-molecule and peptidic ligands that have been developed over the last 30 years. In particular, integrin αVβ3 has been addressed using a variety of different PDCs and SMDCs over the last two decades, following various strategies. This review summarises and describes integrin-addressing PDCs and SMDCs while highlighting points of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Paulus
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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2
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Jiang X, Zhu L, Wei Q, Lu W, Yu J, Zhu S. Enhancing SN38 prodrug delivery using a self-immolative linker and endogenous albumin transport. J Control Release 2024; 369:622-629. [PMID: 38604383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the delivery and release efficiency of hydroxyl agents, constrained by high pKa values and issues of release rate or unstable linkage, is a critical challenge. To address this, a self-immolative linker, composed of a modifiable p-hydroxybenzyl ether and a fast cyclization adapter (N-(ortho-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylcarbamate) was strategically designed, for the synthesis of prodrugs. The innovative linker not only provides a side chain modification but also facilitates the rapid release of the active payloads, thereby enabling precise drug delivery. Particularly, five prodrug model compounds (J1, J2, J3, J5 and J6) were synthesized to evaluate the release rates by using β-glucuronic acid as trigger and five hydroxyl compounds as model payloads. Significantly, all prodrug model compounds could efficiently release the hydroxyl payloads under the action of β-glucuronidase, validating the robustness of the linker. And then, to assess the drug delivery and release efficiency using endogenous albumin as a transport vehicle, J1148, a SN38 prodrug modified with maleimide side chain was synthesized. Results demonstrated that J1148 covalently bound to plasma albumin through in situ Michael addition, effectively targeting the tumor microenvironment. Activated by β-glucuronidase, J1148 underwent a classical 1, 6-elimination, followed by rapid cyclization of the adapter, thereby releasing SN38. Impressively, J1148 showed excellent therapeutic efficacy against human colonic cancer xenograft model, leading to a significant reduction or even disappearance of tumors (3/6 of mice cured). These findings underscore the potential of the designed linker in the delivery system of hydroxyl agents, positioning it at the forefront of advancements in drug delivery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Lingyi Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Qingyu Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| | - Shulei Zhu
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
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3
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Wharton T, Crawshay-Williams F, Schober T, Floto RA, Spring DR. Unlocking Amides: A General Method for the Self-Immolative Release of Amide-Containing Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402267. [PMID: 38411326 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The controlled liberation of molecules from a constructed framework is a subject of profound interest across various chemical fields. It allows for the masking of a molecule's properties and precise deployment upon a single controllable release event. While numerous methodologies have been developed for amines, alcohols, and thiols, approaches for utilising amides as payload-release handles are still in their early stages of development, despite the prevalence of amides in therapeutic compounds and materials. Herein, is presented a comprehensive strategy for the controlled and selective release of a diverse range of amides with stable linkers. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated by its successful application in the targeted release of various amide-containing drugs in their natural form via the use of commonly used trigger motifs, such as dipeptides or glycosides. As a proof of concept, the FDA-approved antibiotic linezolid has been successfully converted into a prodrug form and released selectively only in the presence of the trigger event. Significantly, in its prodrug state, no activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was exhibited. Linezolid's full potential was achieved only upon controlled release, where an equipotent efficacy to the free linezolid control was demonstrated, thus emphasising the immense potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wharton
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1EW
| | - Felicity Crawshay-Williams
- University of Cambridge Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0QH
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0BB
| | - Tim Schober
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1EW
- Enamine Germany, Industriepark Hoechst G837, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Lumobiotics GmbH, Auerstrasse 2, 76227, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Andres Floto
- University of Cambridge Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0QH
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0BB
| | - David R Spring
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1EW
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4
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Mason M, Bisbal Lopez L, Bashiri F, Herrero A, Baron A, Bucci R, Pignataro L, Gennari C, Dal Corso A. Amine-Carbamate Self-Immolative Spacers Counterintuitively Release 3° Alcohol at Much Faster Rates than 1° Alcohol Payloads. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400174. [PMID: 38415320 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Self-immolative (SI) spacers are degradable chemical connectors widely used in prodrugs and drug conjugates to release pharmaceutical ingredients in response to specific stimuli. Amine-carbamate SI spacers are particularly versatile, as they have been used to release different hydroxy cargos, ranging from 2° and 3° alcohols to phenols and oximes. In this work, we describe the ability of three amine-carbamate SI spacers to release three structurally similar imidazoquinoline payloads, bearing either a 1°, a 2° or a 3° alcohol as the leaving group. While the spacers showed comparable efficacy at releasing the 2° and 3° alcohols, the liberation of the 1° alcohol was much slower, unveiling a counterintuitive trend in nucleophilic acyl substitutions. The release of the 1° alcohol payload was only possible using a SI spacer bearing a pyrrolidine ring and a tertiary amine handle, which opens the way to future applications in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Mason
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, I, -20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lydia Bisbal Lopez
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, I, -20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fazel Bashiri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, I, -20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurélie Herrero
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, I, -20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurélien Baron
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, I, -20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Venezian 21, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, I, -20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, I, -20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, I, -20133, Milan, Italy
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5
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Saady A, Malcolm GK, Fitzpatrick MP, Pairault N, Tizzard GJ, Mohammed S, Tavassoli A, Goldup SM. A Platform Approach to Cleavable Macrocycles for the Controlled Disassembly of Mechanically Caged Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400344. [PMID: 38276911 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by interlocked oligonucleotides, peptides and knotted proteins, synthetic systems where a macrocycle cages a bioactive species that is "switched on" by breaking the mechanical bond have been reported. However, to date, each example uses a bespoke chemical design. Here we present a platform approach to mechanically caged structures wherein a single macrocycle precursor is diversified at a late stage to include a range of trigger units that control ring opening in response to enzymatic, chemical, or photochemical stimuli. We also demonstrate that our approach is applicable to other classes of macrocycles suitable for rotaxane and catenane formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Saady
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Georgia K Malcolm
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Matthew P Fitzpatrick
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Noel Pairault
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Soran Mohammed
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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6
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Bocci M, Zana A, Principi L, Lucaroni L, Prati L, Gilardoni E, Neri D, Cazzamalli S, Galbiati A. In vivo activation of FAP-cleavable small molecule-drug conjugates for the targeted delivery of camptothecins and tubulin poisons to the tumor microenvironment. J Control Release 2024; 367:779-790. [PMID: 38346501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) are increasingly considered as a therapeutic alternative to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy. OncoFAP is an ultra-high affinity ligand of Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP), a stromal tumor-associated antigen overexpressed in a wide variety of solid human malignancies. We have recently reported the development of non-internalizing OncoFAP-based SMDCs, which are activated by FAP thanks to selective proteolytic cleavage of the -GlyPro- linker with consequent release of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) in the tumor microenvironment. In this article, we describe the generation and the in vivo characterization of FAP-cleavable OncoFAP-drug conjugates based on potent topoisomerase I inhibitors (DXd, SN-38, and exatecan) and an anti-tubulin payload (MMAE), which are already exploited in clinical-stage and approved ADCs. The Glycine-Proline FAP-cleavable technology was directly benchmarked against linkers found in Adcetris™, Enhertu™, and Trodelvy™ structures by means of in vivo therapeutic experiments in mice bearing tumors with cellular or stromal FAP expression. OncoFAP-GlyPro-Exatecan and OncoFAP-GlyPro-MMAE emerged as the most efficacious anti-cancer therapeutics against FAP-positive cellular models. OncoFAP-GlyPro-MMAE exhibited a potent antitumor activity also against stromal models, and was therefore selected for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Bocci
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland.
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Lucaroni
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Luca Prati
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | | | - Dario Neri
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland; Philogen S.p.A., Siena 53100, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Galbiati
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland.
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7
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Zhang R, Yu J, Guo Z, Jiang H, Wang C. Camptothecin-based prodrug nanomedicines for cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17658-17697. [PMID: 37909755 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04147f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is a cytotoxic alkaloid that attenuates the replication of cancer cells via blocking DNA topoisomerase 1. Despite its encouraging and wide-spectrum antitumour activity, its application is significantly restricted owing to its instability, low solubility, significant toxicity, and acquired tumour cell resistance. This has resulted in the development of many CPT-based therapeutic agents, especially CPT-based nanomedicines, with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Specifically, smart CPT-based prodrug nanomedicines with stimuli-responsive release capacity have been extensively explored owing to the advantages such as high drug loading, improved stability, and decreased potential toxicity caused by the carrier materials in comparison with normal nanodrugs and traditional delivery systems. In this review, the potential strategies and applications of CPT-based nanoprodrugs for enhanced CPT delivery toward cancer cells are summarized. We appraise in detail the chemical structures and release mechanisms of these nanoprodrugs and guide materials chemists to develop more powerful nanomedicines that have real clinical therapeutic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhu Guo
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China.
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8
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Gonciarz RL, Jiang H, Tram L, Hugelshofer CL, Ekpenyong O, Knemeyer I, Aron AT, Chang CJ, Flygare JA, Collisson EA, Renslo AR. In vivo bioluminescence imaging of labile iron in xenograft models and liver using FeAL-1, an iron-activatable form of D-luciferin. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1468-1477.e6. [PMID: 37820725 PMCID: PMC10841594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated iron homeostasis underlies diverse pathologies, from ischemia-reperfusion injury to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and drug-tolerant "persister" cancer cell states. Here, we introduce ferrous iron-activatable luciferin-1 (FeAL-1), a small-molecule probe for bioluminescent imaging of the labile iron pool (LIP) in luciferase-expressing cells and animals. We find that FeAL-1 detects LIP fluctuations in cells after iron supplementation, depletion, or treatment with hepcidin, the master regulator of systemic iron in mammalian physiology. Utilizing FeAL-1 and a dual-luciferase reporter system, we quantify LIP in mouse liver and three different orthotopic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors. We observed up to a 10-fold increase in FeAL-1 bioluminescent signal in xenograft tumors as compared to healthy liver, the major organ of iron storage in mammals. Treating mice with hepcidin further elevated hepatic LIP, as predicted. These studies reveal a therapeutic index between tumoral and hepatic LIP and suggest an approach to sensitize tumors toward LIP-activated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Gonciarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Honglin Jiang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Linh Tram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cedric L Hugelshofer
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Oscar Ekpenyong
- ADME & Discovery Toxicology, Merck & Co, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ian Knemeyer
- ADME & Discovery Toxicology, Merck & Co, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John A Flygare
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Eric A Collisson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam R Renslo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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9
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Chen W, Guo C, Ding H, Yang X, Zhang K. Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of Macrocyclic Monomers Based on Ring-Opening/Ring-Closing Cascade Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37931244 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of a controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) method for synthesizing backbone-functionalized and sequence-controlled polymers with well-defined architectures from macrocyclic monomers is highly desirable in polymer chemistry. Herein, we developed a novel general controlled ROP of macrocycles for producing backbone functional and sequence-controlled polyurethanes and polyamides with controlled molecular weights and narrow dispersities (Đ < 1.1). The key to this method is the introduction of a trimethyl lock unit, an efficient cyclization-based self-immolative spacer, into the macrocyclic monomer ring as a "ring-opening trigger." ROP is initiated by the attack of a primary amine nucleophile on the ring-activated carbonate/ester group, leading to the ring opening of the macrocyclic monomer. Subsequently, spontaneous 6-exo-trig cyclization of the trimethyl lock unit occurs, detaching this ring-opening trigger and regenerating the primary amine end group. The regenerated primary amine group can then be used to propagate the polymer chain by iterating the ring-opening-ring-closing cascade reaction. The versatile ROP method can be applied in the synthesis of water-soluble polyurethanes, backbone-degradable polyurethanes and poly(ester amide)s, and sequence-controlled poly(amino acid)s with well-defined macromolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Chen
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changjuan Guo
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Pei Q, Jiang B, Hao D, Xie Z. Self-assembled nanoformulations of paclitaxel for enhanced cancer theranostics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3252-3276. [PMID: 37655323 PMCID: PMC10465968 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has occupied the critical position in cancer therapy, especially towards the post-operative, advanced, recurrent, and metastatic tumors. Paclitaxel (PTX)-based formulations have been widely used in clinical practice, while the therapeutic effect is far from satisfied due to off-target toxicity and drug resistance. The caseless multi-components make the preparation technology complicated and aggravate the concerns with the excipients-associated toxicity. The self-assembled PTX nanoparticles possess a high drug content and could incorporate various functional molecules for enhancing the therapeutic index. In this work, we summarize the self-assembly strategy for diverse nanodrugs of PTX. Then, the advancement of nanodrugs for tumor therapy, especially emphasis on mono-chemotherapy, combinational therapy, and theranostics, have been outlined. Finally, the challenges and potential improvements have been briefly spotlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dengyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Dai Y, Qian M, Li Y. Structural Modification Endows Small-Molecular SN38 Derivatives with Multifaceted Functions. Molecules 2023; 28:4931. [PMID: 37446591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a camptothecin derivative, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) combats cancer by inhibiting topoisomerase I. SN38 is one of the most active compounds among camptothecin derivatives. In addition, SN38 is also a theranostic reagent due to its intrinsic fluorescence. However, the poor water solubility, high systemic toxicity and limited action against drug resistance and metastasis of tumor cells of SN38 indicates that there is great space for the structural modification of SN38. From the perspective of chemical modification, this paper summarizes the progress of SN38 in improving solubility, increasing activity, reducing toxicity and possessing multifunction and analyzes the strategies of structure modification to provide a reference for drug development based on SN38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei 230088, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei 230088, China
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12
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Pignataro L, Piarulli U. A Long Journey through Organic Chemistry – Celebrating Cesare Gennari's 70th Birthday. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Via Valleggio, 11 I-22100 Como Italy
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13
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Keppel P, Sohr B, Kuba W, Goldeck M, Skrinjar P, Carlson JCT, Mikula H. Tetrazine-Triggered Bioorthogonal Cleavage of trans-Cyclooctene-Caged Phenols Using a Minimal Self-Immolative Linker Strategy. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200363. [PMID: 35921044 PMCID: PMC9804162 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bond-cleavage reactions triggered by bioorthogonal tetrazine ligation have emerged as strategies to chemically control the function of (bio)molecules and achieve activation of prodrugs in living systems. While most of these approaches make use of caged amines, current methods for the release of phenols are limited by unfavorable reaction kinetics or insufficient stability of the Tz-responsive reactants. To address this issue, we have implemented a self-immolative linker that enables the connection of cleavable trans-cyclooctenes (TCO) and phenols via carbamate linkages. Based on detailed investigation of the reaction mechanism with several Tz, revealing up to 96 % elimination after 2 hours, we have developed a TCO-caged prodrug with 750-fold reduced cytotoxicity compared to the parent drug and achieved in situ activation upon Tz/TCO click-to-release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Keppel
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Sohr
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Walter Kuba
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Marion Goldeck
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria,Center for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Philipp Skrinjar
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center for Systems Biology & Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA02114USA
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
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14
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A one-pot synthesis and X-Ray structural characterization of new highly substituted-allyl carbamates. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Dal Corso A, Frigoli M, Prevosti M, Mason M, Bucci R, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Gennari C. Advanced Pyrrolidine-Carbamate Self-Immolative Spacer with Tertiary Amine Handle Induces Superfast Cyclative Drug Release. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200279. [PMID: 35620983 PMCID: PMC9544318 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amine-carbamate self-immolative (SI) spacers represent practical and versatile tools in targeted prodrugs, but their slow degradation mechanism limits drug activation at the site of disease. We engineered a pyrrolidine-carbamate SI spacer with a tertiary amine handle which strongly accelerates the spacer cyclization to give a bicyclic urea and the free hydroxy groups of either cytotoxic (Camptothecin) or immunostimulatory (Resiquimod) drugs. In silico conformational analysis and p K a calculations suggest a plausible mechanism for the superior efficacy of the advanced SI spacer compared to state-of-art analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, ITALY
| | - Margaux Frigoli
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Martina Prevosti
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Mattia Mason
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Raffaella Bucci
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry Department, via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, ITALY
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16
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Schuster S, Juhász É, Halmos G, Neundorf I, Gennari C, Mező G. Development and Biochemical Characterization of Self-Immolative Linker Containing GnRH-III-Drug Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095071. [PMID: 35563462 PMCID: PMC9105102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH-I) and its sea lamprey analogue GnRH-III specifically bind to GnRH receptors on cancer cells and can be used as targeting moieties for targeted tumor therapy. Considering that the selective release of drugs in cancer cells is of high relevance, we were encouraged to develop cleavable, self-immolative GnRH-III-drug conjugates which consist of a p-aminobenzyloxycarbonlyl (PABC) spacer between a cathepsin B-cleavable dipeptide (Val-Ala, Val-Cit) and the classical anticancer drugs daunorubicin (Dau) and paclitaxel (PTX). Alongside these compounds, non-cleavable GnRH-III-drug conjugates were also synthesized, and all compounds were analyzed for their antiproliferative activity. The cleavable GnRH-III bioconjugates revealed a growth inhibitory effect on GnRH receptor-expressing A2780 ovarian cancer cells, while their activity was reduced on Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells exhibiting a lower GnRH receptor level. Moreover, the antiproliferative activity of the non-cleavable counterparts was strongly reduced. Additionally, the efficient cleavage of the Val-Ala linker and the subsequent release of the drugs could be verified by lysosomal degradation studies, while radioligand binding studies ensured that the GnRH-III-drug conjugates bound to the GnRH receptor with high affinity. Our results underline the high value of GnRH-III-based homing devices and the application of cathepsin B-cleavable linker systems for the development of small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schuster
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Juhász
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Gábor Mező
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-372-2500
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17
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Perretti MD, Pérez-Pérez Y, Soler-Carracedo K, Martín-Encinas E, Alonso C, Scoccia J, Carrillo R. Hydrogen sulphide-triggered theranostic prodrugs based on the dynamic chemistry of tetrazines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5518-5521. [PMID: 35420098 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01170k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic nucleophilic aromatic substitution of tetrazines (SNTz) has been employed to build theranostic prodrugs that are activated by hydrogen sulfide. H2S is typically found in high concentrations in some kinds of cancer cells and it is able to trigger the disassembly of tetrazine prodrugs. In such a way, a dual release of drugs and/or fluorescent compounds can be selectively triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle D Perretti
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain. .,Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, P.O. Box 456, 38200, La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Kevin Soler-Carracedo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456, E-38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Endika Martín-Encinas
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Concepción Alonso
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Jimena Scoccia
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, P.O. Box 456, 38200, La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain. .,Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, P.O. Box 456, 38200, La Laguna, Spain.
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18
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Yang L, Huang Y, Yu W, Fan L, Wang T, Fu J. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Quinazoline-3-Oxides: Synthesis of O-Quinazolinic Carbamates. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5136-5148. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Yang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Yangfei Huang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Yu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Lijia Fan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Junkai Fu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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19
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Wu D, Yang K, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Rao L, Chen X, Yu G. Metal-free bioorthogonal click chemistry in cancer theranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1336-1376. [PMID: 35050284 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry is a powerful tool to site-specifically activate drugs in living systems. Bioorthogonal reactions between a pair of biologically reactive groups can rapidly and specifically take place in a mild physiological milieu without perturbing inherent biochemical processes. Attributed to their high selectivity and efficiency, bioorthogonal reactions can significantly decrease background signals in bioimaging. Compared with metal-catalyzed bioorthogonal click reactions, metal-free click reactions are more biocompatible without the metal catalyst-induced cytotoxicity. Although a great number of bioorthogonal chemistry-based strategies have been reported for cancer theranostics, a comprehensive review is scarce to highlight the advantages of these strategies. In this review, recent progress in cancer theranostics guided by metal-free bioorthogonal click chemistry will be depicted in detail. The elaborate design as well as the advantages of bioorthogonal chemistry in tumor theranostics are summarized and future prospects in this emerging field are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Kuikun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Zhankui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yunxuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Guocan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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20
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Gavriel A, Sambrook M, Russell AT, Hayes W. Recent advances in self-immolative linkers and their applications in polymeric reporting systems. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00414c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interest in self-immolative chemistry has grown over the past decade with more research groups harnessing the versatility to control the release of a compound from a larger chemical entity, given...
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21
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Liu L, Xie F, Xiao D, Xu X, Su Z, Wang Y, Fan S, Zhou X, Li S. Synthesis and evaluation of highly releasable and structurally stable antibody-SN-38-conjugates. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2603-2617. [PMID: 34894942 PMCID: PMC8676668 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2008053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecins, traditional chemotherapy drugs, have been clinically used in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which refreshes the recognition that ADCs preferably incorporate highly potent payloads. However, SN-38, active metabolite of irinotecan from camptothecins, tended to be incorporated into ADCs with an unstable acid sensitive bond, not with the widely used Cathepsin B (CTSB) sensitive bond, which may pose the risk of off-target. Herein, we reported a novel strategy to construct highly releasable and structurally stable SN-38-conjugates, in which CTSB linkers directly connected to the 10-OH group through ether bond, not to the common 20-OH group of lactones of SN-38. In this paper, rapid release of SN-38 was skillfully demonstrated by utilizing the fluorescence properties of SN-38. The SN-38-ether-ADC displayed highly stable serum stability with the half-life over 10 days. Moreover, the drug-antibody-ratio (DAR) of ADC could be elevated to 7.1 through the introduction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) moieties without aggregation. The optimized ADC exhibited potent in vitro activities up to 5.5 nM, comparable to SN-38. Moreover, this ADC group significantly delayed tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, the novel strategy has the potential to promote the development of SN38-ADCs and enrich the conjugation approaches for hydroxyl-bearing payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Dian Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Su
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbo Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Song Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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22
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Šimon P, Tichotová M, García Gallardo M, Procházková E, Baszczyňski O. Phosphate-Based Self-Immolative Linkers for Tuneable Double Cargo Release. Chemistry 2021; 27:12763-12775. [PMID: 34058033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus-based self-immolative (SI) linkers offer a wide range of applications, such as smart materials and drug-delivery systems. Phosphorus SI linkers are ideal candidates for double-cargo delivery platforms because they have a higher valency than carbon. A series of substituted phosphate linkers was designed for releasing two phenolic cargos through SI followed by chemical hydrolysis. Suitable modifications of the lactate spacer increased the cargo release rate significantly, from 1 day to 2 hours or 5 minutes, as shown for linkers containing p-fluoro phenol. In turn, double cargo linkers bearing p-methyl phenol released their cargo more slowly (4 days, 4 hours, and 15 minutes) than their p-fluoro analogues. The α-hydroxyisobutyrate linker released both cargos in 25 minutes. Our study expands the current portfolio of SI constructs by providing a double cargo delivery option, which is crucial to develop universal SI platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šimon
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Tichotová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | | | - Eliška Procházková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Baszczyňski
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic
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23
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Wang X, Zhang C, Han N, Luo J, Zhang S, Wang C, Jia Z, Du S. Triglyceride-mimetic prodrugs of scutellarin enhance oral bioavailability by promoting intestinal lymphatic transport and avoiding first-pass metabolism. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1664-1672. [PMID: 34338567 PMCID: PMC8330727 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1960928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal capillary pathway is the most common way to absorb oral drugs, but for drugs with poor solubility and permeability and high first-pass metabolism, this pathway is very inefficient. Although intestinal lymphatic transport of lipophilic drugs or prodrugs is a promising strategy to improve the oral delivery efficiency of these drugs. The prodrug strategy for modifying compounds with Log P > 5 to promote intestinal lymphatic transport is a common approach. However, transport of poor liposoluble compounds (Log P < 0) through intestinal lymph has not been reported. Herein, triglyceride-mimetic prodrugs of scutellarin were designed and synthesized to promote intestinal lymphatic transport and increase oral bioavailability. Lymphatic transport and pharmacokinetic experiments showed that two prodrugs did promote intestinal lymphatic transport of scutellarin and the relative oral bioavailability was 2.24- and 2.45-fold of scutellarin, respectively. In summary, triglyceride-mimetic prodrugs strategy was used for the first time to study intestinal lymphatic transport of scutellarin with Log P < 0, which could further broaden the application range of drugs to improve oral bioavailability with the assistance of intestinal lymphatic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Juyuan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhong Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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24
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Felber JG, Zeisel L, Poczka L, Scholzen K, Busker S, Maier MS, Theisen U, Brandstädter C, Becker K, Arnér ESJ, Thorn-Seshold J, Thorn-Seshold O. Selective, Modular Probes for Thioredoxins Enabled by Rational Tuning of a Unique Disulfide Structure Motif. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8791-8803. [PMID: 34061528 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Specialized cellular networks of oxidoreductases coordinate the dithiol/disulfide-exchange reactions that control metabolism, protein regulation, and redox homeostasis. For probes to be selective for redox enzymes and effector proteins (nM to μM concentrations), they must also be able to resist non-specific triggering by the ca. 50 mM background of non-catalytic cellular monothiols. However, no such selective reduction-sensing systems have yet been established. Here, we used rational structural design to independently vary thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of disulfide stability, creating a series of unusual disulfide reduction trigger units designed for stability to monothiols. We integrated the motifs into modular series of fluorogenic probes that release and activate an arbitrary chemical cargo upon reduction, and compared their performance to that of the literature-known disulfides. The probes were comprehensively screened for biological stability and selectivity against a range of redox effector proteins and enzymes. This design process delivered the first disulfide probes with excellent stability to monothiols yet high selectivity for the key redox-active protein effector, thioredoxin. We anticipate that further applications of these novel disulfide triggers will deliver unique probes targeting cellular thioredoxins. We also anticipate that further tuning following this design paradigm will enable redox probes for other important dithiol-manifold redox proteins, that will be useful in revealing the hitherto hidden dynamics of endogenous cellular redox systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan G Felber
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Zeisel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Poczka
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karoline Scholzen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sander Busker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin S Maier
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Theisen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Center, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina Brandstädter
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julia Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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25
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Edupuganti VVSR, Tyndall JDA, Gamble AB. Self-immolative Linkers in Prodrugs and Antibody Drug Conjugates in Cancer Treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:479-497. [PMID: 33966624 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210509001139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The design of anti-cancer therapies with high anti-tumour efficacy and reduced toxicity continues to be challenging. Anti-cancer prodrug and antibody-drug-conjugate (ADC) strategies that can specifically and efficiently deliver cytotoxic compounds to cancer cells have been used to overcome some of the challenges. Key to the success of many of these strategies is a self-immolative linker, which after activation can release the drug payload. Various types of triggerable self-immolative linkers are used in prodrugs and ADCs to improve their efficacy and safety. OBJECTIVE Numerous patents have reported the significance of self-immolative linkers in prodrugs and ADCs in cancer treatment. Based on the recent patent literature, we summarise methods for designing the site-specific activation of non-toxic prodrugs and ADCs in order to improve selectivity for killing cancer cells. METHODS In this review, an integrated view of the potential use of prodrugs and ADCs in cancer treatment are provided. This review presents recent patents and related publications over the past ten years to 2020. RESULTS The recent patent literature has been summarised for a wide variety of self-immolative PABC linkers, which are cleaved by factors including responding to the difference between the extracellular and intracellular environments (pH, ROS, glutathione), by over-expressed enzymes (cathepsin, plasmin, β-glucuronidase) or bioorthogonal activation. The mechanism for self-immolation involves the linker undergoing a 1,4- or 1,6-elimination (via electron cascade) or intramolecular cyclisation to release cytotoxic drug at the targeted site. CONCLUSION This review provides the commonly used strategies from recent patent literature in the development of prodrugs based on targeted cancer therapy and antibody-drug conjugates, which show promising results in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel D A Tyndall
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054. New Zealand
| | - Allan B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054. New Zealand
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Battistini L, Bugatti K, Sartori A, Curti C, Zanardi F. RGD Peptide‐Drug Conjugates as Effective Dual Targeting Platforms: Recent Advances. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Battistini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27 A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Kelly Bugatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27 A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27 A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Claudio Curti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27 A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27 A 43124 Parma Italy
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27
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Li S, Li X, Lu Y, Hou M, Xu Z, Li B. A thiol-responsive and self-immolative podophyllotoxin prodrug for cancer therapy. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Liu T, Tian M, Wang J, Tian X, Liu J, Feng L, Ma X, Cui J. Rational design of a fluorescent probe for the detection of LAP and its application in drug-induced liver injury. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119362. [PMID: 33486435 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has become a common adverse effect in routine clinical practice, which would further cause the disorder of enzymatic system that respond to multiple pathological progresses. Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) is regarded as a biomarker in the early course of various liver diseases, in this work, a fluorescent probe NCPL was designed and synthesized for the detecting of LAP. NCPL possessed excellent properties including high selectivity, sensitivity and affinity toward LAP, it could real-time image the LAP activity in living cells and tissues. Additionally, the upregulation of LAP under the APAP-induced liver injury model was also illustrated by NCPL. In conclusion, NCPL as a novel tool could be used for the detection of LAP and monitoring liver function in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Manman Tian
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jihong Liu
- Chemistry Analysis & Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingnan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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29
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Forder TN, Maschmeyer PG, Zeng H, Roberts DA. Post‐synthetic ‘Click’ Synthesis of RAFT Polymers with Pendant Self‐immolative Triazoles. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:287-291. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N. Forder
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Peter G. Maschmeyer
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Haoxiang Zeng
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Derrick A. Roberts
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney NSW Australia
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30
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Dal Corso A, Arosio S, Arrighetti N, Perego P, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Gennari C. A trifunctional self-immolative spacer enables drug release with two non-sequential enzymatic cleavages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7778-7781. [PMID: 34263896 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyclative cleavage of an amine-carbamate self-immolative spacer to deliver a hydroxyl cargo was inhibited by spacer derivatisation with a phosphate monoester handle. This trifunctional spacer was installed in a model anticancer prodrug that showed fast drug release only when incubated with both a protease and a phosphatase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, Milan, I-20133, Italy.
| | - Simone Arosio
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, Milan, I-20133, Italy.
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, via Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, via Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, Milan, I-20133, Italy.
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, Milan, I-20133, Italy.
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, Milan, I-20133, Italy.
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31
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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32
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Dal Corso A. Targeted Small‐Molecule Conjugates: The Future is Now. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3321-3322. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
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33
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Roberts DA, Pilgrim BS, Dell TN, Stevens MM. Dynamic pH responsivity of triazole-based self-immolative linkers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3713-3718. [PMID: 34094059 PMCID: PMC8152797 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00532k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gating the release of chemical payloads in response to transient signals is an important feature of ‘smart’ delivery systems. Herein, we report a triazole-based self-immolative linker that can be reversibly paused or slowed and restarted throughout its elimination cascade in response to pH changes in both organic and organic-aqueous solvents. The linker is conveniently prepared using the alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction, which introduces a 1,4-triazole ring that expresses a pH-sensitive intermediate during its elimination sequence. Using a series of model compounds, we demonstrate that this intermediate can be switched between active and dormant states depending on the presence of acid or base, cleanly gating the release of payload in response to a fluctuating external stimulus. Triazole-based self-immolative linkers can be reversibly paused and restarted throughout their elimination cascades in response to environmental pH changes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick A Roberts
- Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia .,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ben S Pilgrim
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Tristan N Dell
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet 171 77 Stockholm Sweden.,Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
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