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Liu N, O'Connor P, Gujrati V, Shelar D, Ma X, Anzenhofer P, Klemm U, Su X, Huang Y, Kleigrewe K, Feuchtinger A, Walch A, Sattler M, Plettenburg O, Ntziachristos V. Tuning the photophysical properties of cyanine by barbiturate functionalization and nanoformulation for efficient optoacoustics- guided phototherapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:522-530. [PMID: 38897293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cyanine derivatives are organic dyes widely used for optical imaging. However, their potential in longitudinal optoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy remains limited due to challenges such as poor chemical stability, poor photostability, and low photothermal conversion. In this study, we present a new structural modification for cyanine dyes by introducing a strongly electron-withdrawing group (barbiturate), resulting in a new series of barbiturate-cyanine dyes (BC810, BC885, and BC1010) with suppressed fluorescence and enhanced stability. Furthermore, the introduction of BC1010 into block copolymers (PEG114-b-PCL60) induces aggregation-caused quenching, further boosting the photothermal performance. The photophysical properties of nanoparticles (BC1010-NPs) include their remarkably broad absorption range from 900 to 1200 nm for optoacoustic imaging, allowing imaging applications in NIR-I and NIR-II windows. The combined effect of these strategies, including improved photostability, enhanced nonradiative relaxation, and aggregation-caused quenching, enables the detection of optoacoustic signals with high sensitivity and effective photothermal treatment of in vivo tumor models when BC1010-NPs are administered before irradiation with a 1064 nm laser. This research introduces a barbiturate-functionalized cyanine derivative with optimal properties for efficient optoacoustics-guided theranostic applications. This new compound holds significant potential for biomedical use, facilitating advancements in optoacoustic-guided diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Patrick O'Connor
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Vipul Gujrati
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
| | - Divyesh Shelar
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Pia Anzenhofer
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Uwe Klemm
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Xinhui Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuanhui Huang
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
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Liang H, Zhang X, Lu M, Chen X, Li W, Li S, Li MD, Zhao J, Huo Y, Ji S. Novel Photocatalyst Based on Through-Space Charge Transfer Induced Intersystem Crossing Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerization Under Low-Power Excitation Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402774. [PMID: 38584586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Currently, most photoredox catalysis polymerization systems are limited by high excitation power, long polymerization time, or the requirement of electron donors due to the precise design of efficient photocatalysts still poses a great challenge. Herein, we propose a new approach: the creation of efficient photocatalysts having low ground state oxidation potentials and high excited state energy levels, along with through-space charge transfer (TSCT) induced intersystem crossing (ISC) properties. A cabazole-naphthalimide (NI) dyad (NI-1) characterized by long triplet excited state lifetime (τT=62 μs), satisfactory ISC efficiency (ΦΔ=54.3 %) and powerful reduction capacity [Singlet: E1/2 (PC+1/*PC)=-1.93 eV, Triplet: E1/2 (PC+1/*PC)=-0.84 eV] was obtained. An efficient and rapid polymerization (83 % conversion of 1 mM monomer in 30 s) was observed under the conditions of without electron donor, low excitation power (10 mW cm-2) and low catalyst (NI-1) loading (<50 μM). In contrast, the conversion rate was lower at 29 % when the reference catalyst (NI-4) was used for photopolymerization under the same conditions, demonstrating the advantage of the TSCT photocatalyst. Finally, the TSCT material was used as a photocatalyst in practical lithography for the first time, achieving pattern resolutions of up to 10 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Manlin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shangru Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
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3
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Shao Y, He X, Xin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Duan L, Zou Y. New Application of Multiresonance Organic Delayed Fluorescence Dyes: High-Performance Photoinitiating Systems for Acrylate and Epoxy Photopolymerization and Photoluminescent Pattern Preparation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30344-30354. [PMID: 38819945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The primary focus of photopolymerization research is to advance highly efficient visible photoinitiating systems (PISs) as alternatives to conventional ultraviolet (UV) photoinitiators. We developed four multiresonance emitters (BIC-pCz, BNO1, BO-DICz, and TPABO-DICz) to sensitize iodonium salt (Iod) and initiate free-radical and cationic photopolymerization under visible light for the first time. The TPABO-DICz/Iod system achieved a double-bond conversion of over 70% within just 4 s of exposure to green light (520 nm), while the BNO1/Iod system achieved a double-bond conversion exceeding 50% with 10 s of exposure to red light (630 nm). The photochemical properties were studied through thermodynamic research, steady-state photolysis, and electron spin resonance. Photolithography techniques were employed to fabricate photoluminescent films and micrometer-scale patterns utilizing the blue-emitting BIC-pCz dye, showcasing the potential of photolithography in the production of photoluminescent pixels. Additionally, the BIC-pCz/Iod and TPABO-DICz/Iod systems have been employed to rapidly fabricate photoluminescent polymer patterns using a digital-light-processing 3D printer with a low-intensity light (3.2 mW cm-2). These multiresonance emitters show exceptional photosensitizing effects and can act as fluorescent dyes in photoluminescent patterns, highlighting the potential of utilizing photopolymerization for OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Shao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Xin
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Duan
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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4
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Luo X, Zhai Y, Wang P, Tian B, Liu S, Li J, Yang C, Strehmel V, Li S, Matyjaszewski K, Yilmaz G, Strehmel B, Chen Z. Light-Mediated Polymerization Catalyzed by Carbon Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316431. [PMID: 38012084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials, specifically carbon dots and carbon nitrides, play a crucial role as heterogeneous photoinitiators in both radical and cationic polymerization processes. These recently introduced materials offer promising solutions to the limitations of current homogeneous systems, presenting a novel approach to photopolymerization. This review highlights the preparation and photocatalytic performance of these nanomaterials, emphasizing their application in various polymerization techniques, including photoinduced i) free radical, ii) RAFT, iii) ATRP, and iv) cationic photopolymerization. Additionally, it discusses their potential in addressing contemporary challenges and explores prospects in this field. Moreover, carbon nitrides, in particular, exhibit exceptional oxygen tolerance, underscoring their significance in radical polymerization processes and allowing their applications such as 3D printing, surface modification of coatings, and hydrogel engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Northeast Forestry University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
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Elian C, Mourot B, Benbouziyane C, Malval JP, Lajnef S, Peyrot F, Massuyeau F, Siri O, Jacquemin D, Pascal S, Versace DL. Tris-benzo[cd]indole Cyanine Enables the NIR-photosensitized Radical and Thiol-ene Polymerizations at 940 nm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305963. [PMID: 37539471 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared-absorbing heptamethine (HM+ ) incorporating three bulky benzo[cd]indole heterocycles was designed to efficiently prevent self-aggregation of the dye, which results in a strong enhancement of its photoinitiating reactivity as compared to a parent bis-benzo[cd]indole heptamethine (HMCl+ ) used as a reference system. In this context, we highlight an efficient free-radical NIR-polymerization up to a 100 % acrylates C=C bonds conversion even under air conditions. Such an important initiating performance was obtained by incorporating our NIR-sensitizer into a three-component system leading to its self-regeneration. This original photoredox cycle was thoroughly investigated through the identification of each intermediary species using EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Elian
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR-CNRS 7182-UPEC, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320, Thiais, France
| | - Benjamin Mourot
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, case 913, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Camil Benbouziyane
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, case 913, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS UMR 7361, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Sonia Lajnef
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Peyrot
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne-Université, Institut National Supérieur du Professorat et de l'Education (INSPE) de l'Académie de Paris, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Florian Massuyeau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Siri
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, case 913, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Simon Pascal
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, case 913, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Davy-Louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR-CNRS 7182-UPEC, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320, Thiais, France
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6
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Zhao Y, Zhu J, He W, Liu Y, Sang X, Liu R. 3D printing of unsupported multi-scale and large-span ceramic via near-infrared assisted direct ink writing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2381. [PMID: 37185359 PMCID: PMC10130026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the three-dimensional printing process of ceramic with low-angle structures, additional supporting structures are usually employed to avoid collapse of overhanging parts. However, the extra supporting structures not only affect printing efficiency, but the problems caused by their removal are also a matter of concern. Herein, we present a ceramic printing method, which can realize printing of unsupported multi-scale and large-span ceramics through the combination of direct ink writing and near-infrared induced up-conversion particles-assisted photopolymerization. This printing technology enables in-situ curing of multi-scale filaments with diameters ranging from 410 µm to 3.50 mm, and ceramic structures of torsion spring, three-dimensional bending and cantilever beam were successfully constructed through unsupported printing. This method will bring more innovation to the unsupported 3D manufacturing of complex shape ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junzhe Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wangyan He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 213122, China
| | - Xinxin Sang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Zhang M, Lin J, Song K, Chang K, Dai X, Zang Y, Zhu D. Iminyl-Radical-Mediated Formation of Covalent Au-N Bonds for Molecular Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6480-6485. [PMID: 36882381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between organic radicals and transition metals plays a crucial role in radical-mediated chemical reactions, functional devices, and biocatalysis. Characterizing such interactions, however, remains a long-standing challenge due to the inherently high reactivity of radical species. Here, using a scanning tunneling microscope breaking junction (STM-BJ) technique, we are able to detect the interaction mode between iminyl radicals and the gold surface at a single molecule level. We show that the free iminyl radicals generated through photochemical N-O bond homolysis of oxime esters react toward the gold electrode surface and produce covalent Au-N bonds. Intriguingly, we find that the Au-N bonding reactions lead to the formation of robust and highly conductive single-molecule junctions. These findings provide not only insights into the mechanism of iminyl-radical-involved reactions but also a facile photolysis method to create a new type of covalent electrode-molecule bonding contact for molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kaili Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yaping Zang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Recent Advances on Furan-Based Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization is an active research field enabling to polymerize in greener conditions than that performed with traditional thermal polymerization. At present, a great deal of effort is devoted to developing visible light photoinitiating systems. Indeed, the traditional UV photoinitiating systems are currently the focus of numerous safety concerns so alternatives to UV light are being actively researched. However, visible light photons are less energetic than UV photons so the reactivity of the photoinitiating systems should be improved to address this issue. In this field, furane constitutes an interesting candidate for the design of photocatalysts of polymerization due to its low cost and its easy chemical modification. In this review, an overview concerning the design of furane-based photoinitiators is provided. Comparisons with reference systems are also established to demonstrate evidence of the interest of these photoinitiators in innovative structures.
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9
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Mikra C, Mitrakas A, Ghizzani V, Katsani KR, Koffa M, Koukourakis M, Psomas G, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Fylaktakidou KC. Effect of Arylazo Sulfones on DNA: Binding, Cleavage, Photocleavage, Molecular Docking Studies and Interaction with A375 Melanoma and Non-Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031834. [PMID: 36768159 PMCID: PMC9915714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of arylazo sulfones, known to undergo N-S bond cleavage upon light exposure, has been synthesized, and their activity in the dark and upon irradiation towards DNA has been investigated. Their interaction with calf-thymus DNA has been examined, and the significant affinity observed (most probably due to DNA intercalation) was analyzed by means of molecular docking "in silico" calculations that pointed out polar contacts, mainly via the sulfonyl moiety. Incubation with plasmid pBluescript KS II revealed DNA cleavage that has been studied over time and concentration. UV-A irradiation considerably improved DNA damage for most of the compounds, whereas under visible light the effect was slightly lower. Moving to in vitro experiments, irradiation was found to slightly enhance the death of the cells in the majority of the compounds. Naphthylazosulfone 1 showed photo-disruptive effect under UV-A irradiation (IC50 ~13 μΜ) followed by derivatives 14 and 17 (IC50 ~100 μΜ). Those compounds were irradiated in the presence of two non-cancer cell lines and were found equally toxic only upon irradiation and not in the dark. The temporal and spatial control of light, therefore, might provide a chance for these novel scaffolds to be useful for the development of phototoxic pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Mikra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Achilleas Mitrakas
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Cell Cycle, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Virginia Ghizzani
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Katerina R. Katsani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Cell Cycle, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michael Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (K.C.F.)
| | - Konstantina C. Fylaktakidou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (K.C.F.)
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10
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Chen M, Hao J, Zhang W, Shi G, Zhang X, Cui Z, Fu P, Liu M, Qiao X, He Y, Pang X. Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Photoinduced Electron/Energy Transfer-Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization via the Energy Transfer Upconversion Mechanism. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, He-nan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Hao
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, He-nan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, He-nan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ge Shi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, He-nan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, He-nan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Cui
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, He-nan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Peng Fu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, He-nan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Minying Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, He-nan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, He-nan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- College of Materials Engineering; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie He
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, He-nan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, He-nan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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11
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Celiker T, Altınışık S, Vaitusionak A, Kostjuk SV, Koyuncu S, Yagci Y. Sequential and Simultaneous Photoinduced Radical and Step-Growth Polymerizations of Carbazole Functional Styrene. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Celiker
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Altınışık
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Aliaksei Vaitusionak
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya St., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya St., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya St., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Kocaarslan A, Kaya K, Jockusch S, Yagci Y. Phenacyl Bromide as a Single‐Component Photoinitiator: Photoinduced Step‐Growth Polymerization of
N
‐Methylpyrrole and
N
‐Methylindole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208845. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Kocaarslan
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Kerem Kaya
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Center for Photochemical Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department King Abdulaziz University 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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13
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Kocaarslan A, Kaya K, Jockusch S, Yagci Y. Phenacyl Bromide as a Single‐Component Photoinitiator: Photoinduced Step‐Growth Polymerization of
N
‐Methylpyrrole and
N
‐Methylindole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Kocaarslan
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Kerem Kaya
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Center for Photochemical Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department King Abdulaziz University 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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14
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Liu Z, Dumur F. Recent Advances on Visible Light Coumarin-based Oxime Esters as Initiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Stevens LM, Tagnon C, Page ZA. "Invisible" Digital Light Processing 3D Printing with Near Infrared Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22912-22920. [PMID: 35080842 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to 3D print structures with low-intensity, long-wavelength light will broaden the materials scope to facilitate inclusion of biological components and nanoparticles. Current materials limitations arise from the pervasive absorption, scattering, and/or degradation that occurs upon exposure to high-intensity, short-wavelength (ultraviolet) light, which is the present-day standard used in light-based 3D printers. State-of-the-art techniques have recently extended printability to orange/red light. However, as the wavelength of light increases, so do the inherent challenges to match the speed and resolution of traditional UV light-induced solidification processes (i.e., photocuring). Herein, a photosystem is demonstrated to enable low-intensity (<5 mW/cm2), long-wavelength (∼850 nm) near-infrared (NIR) light-driven 3D printing, "invisible" to the human eye. The combination of a NIR absorbing cyanine dye with electron-rich and -deficient redox pairs was required for rapid photocuring in a catalytic manner. The rate of polymerization and time to solidification upon exposure to NIR light were characterized via in situ spectroscopic and rheological monitoring. Translation to NIR digital light processing (projection-based) 3D printing was accomplished through rigorous optimization of resin composition and printing parameters to balance the speed (<60 s/layer) and resolution (<300 μm features). As a proof-of-concept, composite 3D printing with nanoparticle-infused resins was accomplished. Preliminary analysis showed improved feature fidelity for structures produced with NIR relative to UV light. The present report provides key insight that will inform next-generation light-based photocuring technology, such as wavelength-selective multimaterial 3D bio- and composite-printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Clotilde Tagnon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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16
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Wang Q, Popov S, Strehmel V, Gutmann JS, Strehmel B. NIR-sensitized hybrid radical and cationic photopolymerization of several cyanines in combination with diaryliodonium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl imide. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyanines exhibiting absorption between 750 and 930 nm reacted after NIR excitation with the bis(t-butylphenyl) iodonium cation comprising the [(CF3SO2)2N]− anion (NTf2)−, resulting in the generation of free radicals and conjugate acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd., Murmanskaya 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
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17
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Zhou J, Pitzer L, Ley C, Roelle T, Allonas X. Highly sensitive photoinitiating system based on pre-associated ion-pairs for NIR radical photopolymerization of optically clear materials. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00384h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new, highly reactive photoinitiating system based on a penta-methine cyanine dye and a triarylalkylborate salt for free radical photopolymerization reactions using near infra-red (NIR) light was investigated. The remarkably...
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18
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Huang Y, Li L, Liu X, Li Z. Photobase-catalysed anionic thiol-epoxy click photopolymerization under NIR irradiation: from deep curing to shape memory. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00144f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A photobase generator absorbing upconversion fluorescence can efficiently catalyze anionic thiol-epoxy click photopolymerization under 980 nm NIR light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxin Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longji Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong Province, 522000, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong Province, 522000, PR China
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19
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20
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Hermes P, Hermsen A, Jäger M, Gutmann JS, Strehmel V, Strehmel B. Challenges and limits of upconversion nanoparticles for cationic photopolymerization with UV initiators excited at 980 nm. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00460g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with various modifications around the NaYF4:Tm/Yb core served as a source for generating UV light upon excitation with laser light at 980 nm resulting in initiation of cationic photopolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hermes
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hermsen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Jäger
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Essen, Germany
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21
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Rationale Auswahl von Cyaninen zur Erzeugung von konjugierter Säure und freien Radikalen für die Photopolymerisation durch Belichtung bei 860 nm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Wang Q, Popov S, Feilen A, Strehmel V, Strehmel B. Rational Selection of Cyanines to Generate Conjugate Acid and Free Radicals for Photopolymerization upon Exposure at 860 nm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26855-26865. [PMID: 34405510 PMCID: PMC9298067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different cyanines absorbing in the NIR between 750 and 930 nm were applied to study the efficiency of both radical and cationic polymerization in combination with diaryliodonium salt. Variation of the connecting methine chain and structure of the terminal indolium moiety provided a deeper insight in the structure of the cyanine NIR‐sensitizer and the efficiency to generate initiating radicals and conjugate acid. Photophysical studies were pursued by fluorescence spectroscopy providing a deeper understanding regarding the lifetime of the excited state and contribution of nonradiative deactivation resulting in generation of additional heat in the polymerization process. Furthermore, electrochemical experiments demonstrated connection to oxidation and reduction capability as influenced by the structural pattern of the sensitizer. LC–MS measurements provided a deeper pattern about the photoproducts formed. A nonamethine‐based cyanine showed the best performance regarding bleaching in combination with an iodonium salt at 860 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstrasse 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd., Murmanskaya 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alfred Feilen
- Easytech GmbH, Pascalstrasse 6, 52076, Aachen, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstrasse 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstrasse 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
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23
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Zhu Y, Xu D, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Yagci Y, Liu R. Phenacyl Phenothiazinium Salt as a New Broad-Wavelength-Absorbing Photoinitiator for Cationic and Free Radical Polymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16917-16921. [PMID: 34048634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel broad-wavelength-absorbing photoinitiator based on phenacyl phenothiazinium hexafluroantimonate (P-PTh) possessing both phenacyl and phenothiazine chromophoric groups was reported. P-PTh absorbs light at UV, Visible and Near-IR region. Photophysical, photochemical, and computational investigations revealed that P-PTh in solution decomposes at all wavelengths by homolytic and heterolytic cleavages and generates cationic and radical species, which could efficiently initiate cationic and free radical polymerizations. It is anticipated that the photoinitiator with such wavelength flexibility may open up new pathways in curing applications of formulations of pigment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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24
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Zhu Y, Xu D, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Yagci Y, Liu R. Phenacyl Phenothiazinium Salt as a New Broad‐Wavelength‐Absorbing Photoinitiator for Cationic and Free Radical Polymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 210023 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Letters Istanbul Technical University 34469, Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
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25
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Kütahya C, Meckbach N, Strehmel V, Strehmel B. Cyanines comprising barbiturate group facilitate
NIR‐light
assisted
ATRP
under anaerobic and aerobic conditions at two wavelengths using Fe(
III
) catalyst. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Kütahya
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Krefeld Germany
| | - Nicolai Meckbach
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Krefeld Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Krefeld Germany
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Krefeld Germany
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26
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Zou X, Zhu J, Hu P, Liu R. Methods to Evaluate Near‐Infrared Photoinitiating Systems for Photopolymerisation Reactions Assisted By Upconversion Materials. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiucheng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Junzhe Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
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27
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Chen S, Qin C, Jin M, Pan H, Wan D. Novel chalcone derivatives with large conjugation structures as photosensitizers for versatile photopolymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Chen Qin
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Decheng Wan
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
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28
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Sun G, Huang Y, Ma J, Li D, Fan Q, Li Y, Shao J. Photoinitiation mechanisms and photogelation kinetics of blue light induced polymerization of acrylamide with bicomponent photoinitiators. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Eco‐Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Yi Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco‐Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Tongxiang Research Institute Tongxiang, Zhejiang China
| | - Junxiang Ma
- Engineering Research Center for Eco‐Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering University of Massachusetts Dartmouth North Dartmouth Massachusetts USA
| | - Qinguo Fan
- Department of Bioengineering University of Massachusetts Dartmouth North Dartmouth Massachusetts USA
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Tongxiang Research Institute Tongxiang, Zhejiang China
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- Engineering Research Center for Eco‐Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
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29
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Simon-Masseron A, Lalevée J. Radical photoinitiation with LEDs and applications in the 3D printing of composites. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3824-3841. [PMID: 33523055 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radical initiation upon LED light irradiation is discussed herein as well as its application in additive manufacturing. The ability of manufacturing complex structures, freedom of design, low energy consumption, fast prototyping, and excellent spatial resolution are the main benefits of the 3D printing technology by photopolymerization. Therefore, the 3D printing of composites through photopolymerization processes is developing rapidly in the academia and industry, and has been a turning point of additive manufacturing (AM). In the present review, an overview of radical initiation with LEDs (i.e., the photopolymerization LED technology, the photoinitiating systems, and the polymerizable media) and of the main 3D printing methods by photopolymerization, materials, and their applications in different fields has been carried out. As a challenging topic, the issue of light penetration in a filled matrix for the access to composites is discussed, including the light transmittance of the composite, the mismatch of the refractive index between the filler and the monomer, the factors of the filler, and the adverse influence of low light penetration on the 3D printing process. In particular, the popular applications of 3D printing by photopolymerization in biomedical science, electronic industry, materials for adsorption, and 4D printing are discussed. Overall, this review gives an overview of the 3D printing of polymer matrix composites through photopolymerization processes as a benchmark for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhang
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France.
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Pang Y, Shiraishi A, Keil D, Popov S, Strehmel V, Jiao H, Gutmann JS, Zou Y, Strehmel B. NIR-Sensitized Cationic and Hybrid Radical/Cationic Polymerization and Crosslinking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1465-1473. [PMID: 32964609 PMCID: PMC7839698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NIR‐sensitized cationic polymerization proceeded with good efficiency, as was demonstrated with epoxides, vinyl ether, and oxetane. A heptacyanine functioned as sensitizer while iodonium salt served as coinitiator. The anion adopts a special function in a series selected from fluorinated phosphates (a: [PF6]−, b: [PF3(C2F5)3]−, c: [PF3(n‐C4F9)3]−), aluminates (d: [Al(O‐t‐C4F9)4]−, e: [Al(O(C3F6)CH3)4]−), and methide [C(O‐SO2CF3)3]− (f). Vinyl ether showed the best cationic polymerization efficiency followed by oxetanes and oxiranes. DFT calculations provided a rough pattern regarding the electrostatic potential of each anion where d showed a better reactivity than e and b. Formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) using trimethylpropane triacrylate and epoxides proceeded in the case of NIR‐sensitized polymerization where anion d served as counter ion in the initiator system. No IPN was formed by UV‐LED initiation using the same monomers but thioxanthone/iodonium salt as photoinitiator. Exposure was carried out with new NIR‐LED devices emitting at either 805 or 870 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- San-Apro Ltd., 1-40, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyoku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan
| | - Dietmar Keil
- FEW Chemicals GmbH, Technikumstraße 1, 06766, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd., Murmanskaya 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Hongjun Jiao
- Hubei Gurun Technology Co., LTD., Jingmen Chemical Recycling Industrial Park, 448000, Jingmen, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jochen S Gutmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
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Pang Y, Shiraishi A, Keil D, Popov S, Strehmel V, Jiao H, Gutmann JS, Zou Y, Strehmel B. NIR‐sensibilisierte kationische und hybride radikalische/kationische Polymerisation und Vernetzung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Fachbereich Chemie Institut für Lacke und Oberflächenchemie Hochschule Niederrhein Adlerstraße 1 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District Beijing 100875 VR China
| | | | - Dietmar Keil
- FEW Chemicals GmbH Technikumstraße 1 06766 Bitterfeld-Wolfen Deutschland
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd. Murmanskaya 5 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Fachbereich Chemie Institut für Lacke und Oberflächenchemie Hochschule Niederrhein Adlerstraße 1 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
| | - Hongjun Jiao
- Hubei Gurun Technology Co., LTD. Jingmen Chemical Recycling Industrial Park 448000 Jingmen Hubei Province VR China
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District Beijing 100875 VR China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Fachbereich Chemie Institut für Lacke und Oberflächenchemie Hochschule Niederrhein Adlerstraße 1 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
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Pang Y, Jiao H, Zou Y, Strehmel B. The NIR-sensitized cationic photopolymerization of oxetanes in combination with epoxide and acrylate monomers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00999k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
NIR-sensitized photopolymerisation at 805 nm facilitates the cationic polymerization of oxetanes. This can additionally be combined with free-radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongjun Jiao
- Hubei Gurun Technology Co., LTD, Jingmen Chemical Recycling Industrial Park, 448000, Jingmen, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Krefeld, Germany
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Sellet N, Cormier M, Goddard JP. The dark side of photocatalysis: near-infrared photoredox catalysis for organic synthesis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01476e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Near-Infrared photoredox catalysis is now consider as the next evolution of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sellet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100 Mulhouse, France
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Zou X, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Yagci Y, Liu R. Photopolymerization of Macroscale Black 3D Objects Using Near-Infrared Photochemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58287-58294. [PMID: 33326223 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of the photopolymerization technology significantly decreases when the color of materials blackens, which is contributed by the limitations of light penetration. Herein, we demonstrate rapid generation of black 3D objects up to the centimeter level in size based on melanin using near-infrared (NIR) photochemistry. Melanin, of a low absorption coefficient in the NIR range, allows thorough penetration of the 980 nm light to induce emission from upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for initiating UCNP-assisted photopolymerization (UCAP). A model that describes light-attenuation gradients and dose-dependent kinetics in UCAP-guided NIR photochemistry is developed. Notably, the established model for the UCAP concept provides sufficient vertical light penetration to form scale-predictable black materials and instructs 3D printing applications. The critical control parameters were evaluated, and it was shown that complex macroscale black objects can be processed within dozens of minutes. The modeling methodologies integrated with rich functional fillers will further extend the versatility of UCAP technology in device design and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucheng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Junzhe Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Pang Y, Fan S, Wang Q, Oprych D, Feilen A, Reiner K, Keil D, Slominsky YL, Popov S, Zou Y, Strehmel B. NIR-Sensitized Activated Photoreaction between Cyanines and Oxime Esters: Free-Radical Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11440-11447. [PMID: 32350980 PMCID: PMC7383488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyanines comprising either a benzo[e]‐ or benzo[c,d]indolium core facilitate initiation of radical photopolymerization combined with high power NIR‐LED prototypes emitting at 805 nm, 860 nm, or 870 nm, while different oxime esters function as radical coinitiators. Radical photopolymerization followed an initiation mechanism based on the participation of excited states, requiring additional thermal energy to overcome an existing intrinsic activation barrier. Heat released by nonradiative deactivation of the sensitizer favored the system, even under conditions where a thermally activated photoinduced electron transfer controls the reaction protocol. The heat generated internally by the NIR sensitizer promotes generation of the initiating reactive radicals. Sensitizers with a barbiturate group at the meso‐position preferred to bleach directly, while sensitizers carrying a cyclopentene moiety unexpectedly initiated the photosensitized mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shuheng Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qunying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Oprych
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Knut Reiner
- FEW Chemicals GmbH, Technikumstraße 1, 06766, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Keil
- FEW Chemicals GmbH, Technikumstraße 1, 06766, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany
| | - Yuriy L Slominsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, 03094, Ukraine
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd., Murmanskaya 5, 02094, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
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