1
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Guo H, Zhao C. An Emerging Chemistry Revives Proton Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300699. [PMID: 37691016 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing new energy techniques that simultaneously integrate the fast rate capabilities of supercapacitors and high capacities of batteries represents an ultimate goal in the field of electrochemical energy storage. A new possibility arises with an emerging battery chemistry that relies on proton-ions as the ion-charge-carrier and benefits from the fast transportation kinetics. Proton-based battery chemistry starts with the recent discoveries of materials for proton redox reactions and leads to a renaissance of proton batteries. In this article, the historical developments of proton batteries are outlined and key aspects of battery chemistry are reviewed. First, the fundamental knowledge of proton-ions and their transportation characteristics is introduced; second, Faradaic electrodes for proton storage are categorized and highlighted in detail; then, reported electrolytes and different designs of proton batteries are summarized; last, perspectives of developments for proton batteries are proposed. It is hoped that this review will provide guidance on the rational designs of proton batteries and benefit future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Guo
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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2
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Guo H, Wu S, Chen W, Su Z, Wang Q, Sharma N, Rong C, Fleischmann S, Liu Z, Zhao C. Hydronium Intercalation Enables High Rate in Hexagonal Molybdate Single Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307118. [PMID: 38016087 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Rapid proton transport in solid-hosts promotes a new chemistry in achieving high-rate Faradaic electrodes. Exploring the possibility of hydronium intercalation is essential for advancing proton-based charge storage. Nevertheless, this is yet to be revealed. Herein, a new host is reported of hexagonal molybdates, (A2 O)x ·MoO3 ·(H2 O)y (A = Na+ , NH4 + ), and hydronium (de)intercalation is demonstrated with experiments. Hexagonal molybdates show a battery-type initial reduction followed by intercalation pseudocapacitance. Fast rate of 200 C (40 A g-1 ) and long lifespan of 30 000 cycles are achieved in electrodes of monocrystals even over 200 µm. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance confirms hydronium intercalations, and operando measurements using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and synchrotron X-ray diffraction disclose distinct intercalation behaviours in different electrolyte concentrations. Remarkably, characterizations of the cycled electrodes show nearly identical structures and suggest equilibrium products are minimally influenced by the extent of proton solvation. These results offer new insights into proton electrochemistry and will advance correlated high-power batteries and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Guo
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Advanced Li-ion battery lab, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, 315200, P. R. China
| | - Sicheng Wu
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wen Chen
- Advanced Li-ion battery lab, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, 315200, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Su
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chengli Rong
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Zhaoping Liu
- Advanced Li-ion battery lab, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, 315200, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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3
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Yan X, Wang F, Su X, Ren J, Qi M, Bao P, Chen W, Peng C, Chen L. A Redox-Active Covalent Organic Framework with Highly Accessible Aniline-Fused Quinonoid Units Affords Efficient Proton Charge Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305037. [PMID: 37728857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their intrinsic safety and sustainability, aqueous proton batteries have emerged as promising energy devices. Nevertheless, the corrosion or dissolution of electrode materials in acidic electrolytes must be addressed before practical applications. In this study, a cathode material based on a redox-active 2D covalent organic framework (TPAD-COF) with aniline-fused quinonoid units featuring inherently regular open porous channels and excellent stability is developed. The TPAD-COF cathode delivers a high capacity of 126 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 , paired with long-term cycling stability with capacity retention of 84% after 5000 cycles at 2 A g-1 . Comprehensive ex situ spectroscopy studies correlated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that both the -NH- and C=O groups of the aniline-fused quinonoid units exhibit prominent redox activity of six electrons during the charge/discharge processes. Furthermore, the assembled punch battery consisting of a TPAD-COF//anthraquinone (AQ) all-organic system delivers a discharge capacity of 115 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 after 130 cycles, implying the potential application of the TPAD-COF cathode in aqueous proton batteries. This study provides a new perspective on the design of electrode materials for aqueous proton batteries with long-term cycling performance and high capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Feixiang Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Pengli Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Chengxin Peng
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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4
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Fop S, Vivani R, Masci S, Casciola M, Donnadio A. Anhydrous Superprotonic Conductivity in the Zirconium Acid Triphosphate ZrH 5 (PO 4 ) 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218421. [PMID: 36856155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid-state proton conductors with high proton conductivity at low temperatures is crucial for the implementation of hydrogen-based technologies for portable and automotive applications. Here, we report on the discovery of a new crystalline metal acid triphosphate, ZrH5 (PO4 )3 (ZP3), which exhibits record-high proton conductivity of 0.5-3.1×10-2 S cm-1 in the range 25-110 °C in anhydrous conditions. This is the highest anhydrous proton conductivity ever reported in a crystalline solid proton conductor in the range 25-110 °C. Superprotonic conductivity in ZP3 is enabled by extended defective frustrated hydrogen bond chains, where the protons are dynamically disordered over two oxygen centers. The high proton conductivity and stability in anhydrous conditions make ZP3 an excellent candidate for innovative applications in fuel cells without the need for complex water management systems, and in other energy technologies requiring fast proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Fop
- The Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Riccardo Vivani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- CEMIN-Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturali per Applicazioni Chimiche, Fisiche e Biomediche, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Masci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Casciola
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Donnadio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- CEMIN-Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturali per Applicazioni Chimiche, Fisiche e Biomediche, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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5
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Emerging organic electrode materials for aqueous proton batteries. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Xu W, Zhao K, Liao X, Sun C, He K, Yuan Y, Ren W, Li J, Li T, Yang C, Cheng H, Sun Q, Manke I, Lu X, Lu J. Proton Storage in Metallic H 1.75MoO 3 Nanobelts through the Grotthuss Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17407-17415. [PMID: 36121645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The proton, as the cationic form of the lightest element-H, is regarded as most ideal charge carrier in "rocking chair" batteries. However, current research on proton batteries is still at its infancy, and they usually deliver low capacity and suffer from severe acidic corrosion. Herein, electrochemically activated metallic H1.75MoO3 nanobelts are developed as a stable electrode for proton storage. The electrochemically pre-intercalated protons not only bond directly with the terminal O3 site via strong O-H bonds but also interact with the oxygens within the adjacent layers through hydrogen bonding, forming a hydrogen-bonding network in H1.75MoO3 nanobelts and enabling a diffusion-free Grotthuss mechanism as a result of its ultralow activation energy of ∼0.02 eV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported inorganic electrode exhibiting Grotthuss mechanism-based proton storage. Additionally, the proton intercalation into MoO3 with formation of H1.75MoO3 induces strong Jahn-Teller electron-phonon coupling, rendering a metallic state. As a consequence, the H1.75MoO3 shows an outstanding fast charging performance and maintains a capacity of 111 mAh/g at 2500 C, largely outperforming the state-of-art battery electrodes. More importantly, a symmetric proton ion full cell based on H1.75MoO3 was assembled and delivered an energy density of 14.7 Wh/kg at an ultrahigh power density of 12.7 kW/kg, which outperforms those of fast charging supercapacitors and lead-acid batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Xu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Congli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jiantao Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tianyi Li
- Advanced Photon Sources, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chao Yang
- Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangchao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Ingo Manke
- Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Xionggang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
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7
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Liao M, Cao Y, Li Z, Xu J, Qi Y, Xie Y, Peng Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Xia Y. VPO
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F Fluorophosphates Polyanion Cathodes for High‐Voltage Proton Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206635. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mochou Liao
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yongjie Cao
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ziyue Li
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yae Qi
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yihua Xie
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yongyao Xia
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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8
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Liao M, Cao Y, Li Z, Xu J, Qi Y, Xie Y, Peng Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Xia Y. VPO
4
F Fluorophosphates Polyanion Cathodes for High‐Voltage Proton Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mochou Liao
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yongjie Cao
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ziyue Li
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yae Qi
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yihua Xie
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yongyao Xia
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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9
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Xu T, Wang D, Li Z, Chen Z, Zhang J, Hu T, Zhang X, Shen L. Electrochemical Proton Storage: From Fundamental Understanding to Materials to Devices. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:126. [PMID: 35699769 PMCID: PMC9198198 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously improving the energy density and power density of electrochemical energy storage systems is the ultimate goal of electrochemical energy storage technology. An effective strategy to achieve this goal is to take advantage of the high capacity and rapid kinetics of electrochemical proton storage to break through the power limit of batteries and the energy limit of capacitors. This article aims to review the research progress on the physicochemical properties, electrochemical performance, and reaction mechanisms of electrode materials for electrochemical proton storage. According to the different charge storage mechanisms, the surface redox, intercalation, and conversion materials are classified and introduced in detail, where the influence of crystal water and other nanostructures on the migration kinetics of protons is clarified. Several reported advanced full cell devices are summarized to promote the commercialization of electrochemical proton storage. Finally, this review provides a framework for research directions of charge storage mechanism, basic principles of material structure design, construction strategies of full cell device, and goals of practical application for electrochemical proton storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiezhu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingsong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, People's Republic of China.
| | - Laifa Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Wang S, Jiang H, Dong Y, Clarkson D, Zhu H, Settens CM, Ren Y, Nguyen T, Han F, Fan W, Kim SY, Zhang J, Xue W, Sandstrom SK, Xu G, Tekoglu E, Li M, Deng S, Liu Q, Greenbaum SG, Ji X, Gao T, Li J. Acid-in-Clay Electrolyte for Wide-Temperature-Range and Long-Cycle Proton Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202063. [PMID: 35443084 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proton conduction underlies many important electrochemical technologies. A family of new proton electrolytes is reported: acid-in-clay electrolyte (AiCE) prepared by integrating fast proton carriers in a natural phyllosilicate clay network, which can be made into thin-film (tens of micrometers) fluid-impervious membranes. The chosen example systems (sepiolite-phosphoric acid) rank top among the solid proton conductors in terms of proton conductivities (15 mS cm-1 at 25 °C, 0.023 mS cm-1 at -82 °C), electrochemical stability window (3.35 V), and reduced chemical reactivity. A proton battery is assembled using AiCE as the solid electrolyte membrane. Benefitting from the wider electrochemical stability window, reduced corrosivity, and excellent ionic selectivity of AiCE, the two main problems (gassing and cyclability) of proton batteries are successfully solved. This work draws attention to the element cross-over problem in proton batteries and the generic "acid-in-clay" solid electrolyte approach with superfast proton transport, outstanding selectivity, and improved stability for room- to cryogenic-temperature protonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Yanhao Dong
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David Clarkson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Charles M Settens
- Materials Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Weijiang Xue
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sean K Sandstrom
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Guiyin Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Emre Tekoglu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mingda Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sili Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Steven G Greenbaum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiulei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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11
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Su Z, Chen J, Stansby J, Jia C, Zhao T, Tang J, Fang Y, Rawal A, Ho J, Zhao C. Hydrogen-Bond Disrupting Electrolytes for Fast and Stable Proton Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201449. [PMID: 35557499 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous proton batteries are promising competitors for the next generation of energy storage systems with the fast diffusion kinetics and wide availability of protons. However, poor cycling stability is a big challenge for proton batteries due to the attachment of water molecules to the electrode surface in acid electrolytes. Here, a hydrogen-bond disrupting electrolyte strategy to boost proton battery stability via simultaneously tuning the hydronium ion solvation sheath in the electrolyte and the electrode interface is reported. By mixing cryoprotectants such as glycerol with acids, hydrogen bonds involving water molecules are disrupted leading to a modified hydronium ion solvation sheaths and minimized water activity. Concomitantly, glycerol absorbs on the electrode surface and acts to protect the electrode surface from water. Fast and stable proton storage with high rate capability and long cycle life is thus achieved, even at temperatures as low as -50 °C. This electrolyte strategy may be universal and is likely to pave the way toward highly stable aqueous energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Su
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Junbo Chen
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stansby
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Chen Jia
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Tingwen Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Yu Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Aditya Rawal
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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12
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Shen D, Rao AM, Zhou J, Lu B. High-Potential Cathodes with Nitrogen Active Centres for Quasi-Solid Proton-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201972. [PMID: 35294100 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although proton-ion batteries have received considerable attention owing to their reliability, safety, toxin-free nature, and low cost, their development remains in the early stages because of lacking proper electrolytes and cathodes for facilitating a high output voltage and stable cycle performance. We present a novel cathode based on active nitrogen centre, which provides a flat discharge plateau at 1 V with a capacity of 115 mAh g-1 and excellent stability. Moreover, a quasi-solid electrolyte was developed to overcome the issue of corrosion, broaden the potential window of the electrolyte, and prevent the active material from dissolving. While using the unique as-developed electrolyte, the newly designed cathode retained 89.67 % of its original capacity after 2000 cycles. Finally, we demonstrated the excellent cycle performance of the as-developed metal-free, flexible, soft-packed battery. Notably, even when a portion of the battery was cut off, it continued to function normally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Shen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Apparao M Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-electron based Energy Storage Devices, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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13
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Shen D, Rao AM, Zhou J, Lu B. High‐Potential Cathodes with Nitrogen Active Centres for Quasi‐Solid Proton‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Shen
- School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Apparao M. Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson Nanomaterials Institute Clemson University Clemson, SC USA
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-electron based Energy Storage Devices Hunan University Changsha China
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14
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Yang B, Qin T, Du Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen T, Ge M, Bin D, Ge C, Lu H. Rocking-chair proton battery based on a low-cost "water in salt" electrolyte. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1550-1553. [PMID: 35014634 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel "water in salt" electrolyte is reported for the design of a rocking-chair proton battery. In 20 M ZnCl2 + 1 M HCl electrolyte, the electrochemical proton storage performance using MoO3 is significantly improved. When coupled with a Ni-PBA cathode, the device exhibits a good cycling stability of 76.1% after 400 cycles. This work opens a new avenue for designing low-cost "water in salt" electrolytes for aqueous proton electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Yanyan Du
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Duan Bin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Cunwang Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
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15
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Zhu Z, Wang W, Yin Y, Meng Y, Liu Z, Jiang T, Peng Q, Sun J, Chen W. An Ultrafast and Ultra-Low-Temperature Hydrogen Gas-Proton Battery. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20302-20308. [PMID: 34806375 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous proton batteries are regarded as one of the most promising energy technologies for next-generation grid storage due to the distinctive merits of H+ charge carriers with small ionic radius and light weight. Various materials have been explored for aqueous proton batteries; however, their full batteries show undesirable electrochemical performance with limited rate capability and cycling stability. Here we introduce a novel aqueous proton full battery that shows remarkable rate capability, cycling stability, and ultralow temperature performance, which is driven by a hydrogen gas anode and a Prussian blue analogue cathode in a concentrated phosphoric acid electrolyte. Its operation involves hydrogen evolution/oxidation redox reactions on the anode and H+ insertion/extraction reactions on the cathode, in parallel with the ideal transfer of only H+ between these two electrodes. The fabricated aqueous hydrogen gas-proton battery exhibits an unprecedented charge/discharge capability of up to 960 C with a superior power density of 36.5 kW kg-1, along with an ultralong cycle life of over 0.35 million cycles. Furthermore, this hydrogen gas-proton battery is able to work well at an ultralow temperature of -80 °C with 54% of its room-temperature capacity and under -60 °C with a stable cycle life of 1150 cycles. This work provides new opportunities to construct aqueous proton batteries with high performance in extreme conditions for large-scale energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yichen Yin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yahan Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zaichun Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Taoli Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qia Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jifei Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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16
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Su Z, Chen J, Ren W, Guo H, Jia C, Yin S, Ho J, Zhao C. "Water-in-Sugar" Electrolytes Enable Ultrafast and Stable Electrochemical Naked Proton Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102375. [PMID: 34499420 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proton is an ideal charge carrier for rechargeable batteries due to its small ionic radius, ultrafast diffusion kinetics and wide availability. However, in commonly used acid electrolytes, the co-interaction of polarized water and proton (namely hydronium) with electrode materials often causes electrode structural distortions. The hydronium adsorption on electrode surfaces also facilitates hydrogen evolution as an unwanted side reaction. Here, a "water-in-sugar" electrolyte with high concentration of glucose dissolved in acid to enable the naked proton intercalation, as well as an extended 3.9 V working potential window, is shown. A glucose-derived organic thin film is formed on electrode surface upon cycling. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the significant decrease of free water in bulk electrolytes, while density functional theory calculations indicate that glucose preferentially binds to the electrode surface which can inhibit water adsorption. The scarcity of free water and the protective organic film work in synergy to suppress water interactions with the electrode surface, which enables the naked proton (de)intercalation. The "water-in-sugar" electrolyte significantly enhances a MoO3 electrode for stable cycling over 100 000 times. This facile electrolyte approach opens new avenues to aqueous electrochemistry and energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Su
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Junbo Chen
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Wenhao Ren
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Haocheng Guo
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Chen Jia
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Songyan Yin
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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17
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Guo H, Zeng M, Li X, He H, Wu L, Li H. Multifunctional Enhancement of Proton-Conductive, Stretchable, and Adhesive Performance in Hybrid Polymer Electrolytes by Polyoxometalate Nanoclusters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30039-30050. [PMID: 34139842 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High ionic conductivity, good mechanical strength, strong electrode adhesion, and low volatilization are highly desired properties for flexible solid electrolytes. However, it is difficult to realize all these properties simultaneously, which needs a rational synergy of different electrolyte constituents. Here, we present the use of polyoxometalates as versatile enhancers to fabricate nonvolatile flexible hybrid polymer electrolytes with improved conductive, stretchable, and adhesive properties. These electrolytes are based on the molecular hybridization of a polyacrylate elastomer, phosphoric acid, and a commercial polyoxometalate H3PW12O40 (PW). PW can serve as a nanosized plasticizer to favor the chain relaxation of polyacrylate and improve stretchability. Meanwhile, PW as a solid acid can increase the proton concentration and form a hybrid hydrogen-bonding network to facilitate proton conduction. Besides, the strong adsorption ability of PW on solid surfaces enables the electrolytes with enhanced adhesion. The hybrid electrolyte with 30 wt % PW shows a break stress of 0.28 MPa, a break elongation of 990%, and a conductivity of 0.01 S cm-1 at 298 K, which are 1.8, 1.8, and 2.5 times higher compared to the case without PW, respectively. Moreover, PW enhances the adhesive strength of hybrid electrolytes on polypropylene, steel, and glass substrates. The flexible supercapacitors based on the hybrid electrolytes and polyaniline electrodes hold a stable electrode-electrolyte interface and exhibit a high specific capacitance of 592 mF cm-2 and an excellent capacitance retention of 84% after 6000 charge-discharge cycles. These results demonstrate great potential of polyoxometalates as multifunctional enhancers to design hybrid electrolyte materials for energy and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Minghao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haibo He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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