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Dong Y, Zhang Z, Hashikawa Y, Meng H, Bai F, Itami K, Chaolumen. A Double Twisted Nanographene with a Contorted Pyrene Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406927. [PMID: 39011764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The mature synthetic methodologies enable us to rationally design and produce chiral nanographenes (NGs), most of which consist of multiple helical motifs. However, inherent chirality originating from twisted geometry has just emerged to be employed in chiral NGs. Herein, we report a red-emissive chiral NG constituted of orthogonally arranged two-fold twisted π-skeletons at a contorted pyrene core which contributes to optical transitions of S0→S1 and vice versa. The thus-obtained NG exhibited a robustness on its redox properties through 2e- uptake/release. The chemical oxidation generated stable radical cation whose absorption covers near-infrared I and II regions. Overall, the contorted pyrene core governs electronic nature of the chiral NG. The twist operation on NGs would be, therefore, a design strategy to alter conventional chirality induction on NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - He Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Fenghua Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chaolumen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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2
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Shen T, Zou Y, Hou X, Wei H, Ren L, Jiao L, Wu J. Bis-peri-dinaphtho-rylenes: Facile Synthesis via Radical-Mediated Coupling Reactions and their Distinctive Electronic Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311928. [PMID: 37735099 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a one-dimensional (1D), ribbon-like structure have the potential to serve as both model compounds for corresponding graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and as materials for optoelectronics applications. However, synthesizing molecules of this type with extended π-conjugation presents a significant challenge. In this study, we present a straightforward synthetic method for a series of bis-peri-dinaphtho-rylene molecules, wherein the peri-positions of perylene, quaterrylene, and hexarylene are fused with naphtho-units. These molecules were efficiently synthesized primarily through intramolecular or intermolecular radical coupling of in situ generated organic radical species. Their structures were confirmed using X-ray crystallographic analysis, which also revealed a slightly bent geometry due to the incorporation of a cyclopentadiene ring at the bay regions of the rylene backbones. Bond lengh analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that their electronic structures resemble pyrenacenes more than quinoidal rylenes. That is, the aromatic sextets are predominantly localized along the long axis of the skeletones. As the chain length increases, these molecules exhibit enhanced electronic absorption with a bathochromic shift, and multiple amphoteric redox waves. This study introduces a novel synthetic approach for generating 1D extended PAHs and GNRs, along with their structure-dependent electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350507, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Haipeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Longbin Ren
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Liuying Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350507, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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3
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Kato M, Kim J, Oh J, Shimizu D, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Near-Infrared-Responsive Hydrocarbons Designed by π-Extension of Indeno[1,2,3,4-pgra]perylene at the 1,2,12-Positions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300249. [PMID: 36705165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the overall electronic structure of π-conjugated molecules and the arrangement of their constituent elements is of fundamental importance. Establishing rational design guidelines for conjugated hydrocarbons with narrow HOMO-LUMO gaps is useful to develop near-infrared (NIR) responsive dyes and redox-active materials. This study describes the synthesis and properties of three conjugated hydrocarbons, i. e., an indenonaphthoperylene, an indenoterrylene, and a diindenoterrylene. These molecules exhibit NIR absorption despite the absence of significant antiaromaticity and diradical character. Notably, the indenonaphthoperylene exhibits red-to-NIR emission in the 620-850 nm region. The indenoterrylene and the diindenoterrylene exhibit NIR absorption tailing to 870 and 940 nm, respectively. Moreover, the effect of the π-extension of indenoperylene is disclosed in order to propose guidelines for achieving a narrow HOMO-LUMO gap with negligible antiaromaticity and diradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Chemistry and, Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Soonchunhyang University, 31538, Asan, Korea
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 332-0012, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
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4
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Webster IJ, Beckham JL, Johnson ND, Duncan MA. Photochemical Synthesis and Spectroscopy of Covalent PAH Dimers. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1144-1157. [PMID: 35152698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laser photochemistry of pressed-pellet samples of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produces covalently bonded dimers and some higher polymers. This chemistry was discovered initially via laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry experiments, which produced masses (m/z) of 2M-2 and 2M-4 (where M is the monomer parent mass). Dimers are believed to be formed from photochemical dehydrogenation and radical polymerization chemistry in the desorption plume. Replication of these ablation conditions at higher throughput allowed PAH dimers of pyrene, perylene, and coronene to be produced and collected in milligram quantities. Differential sublimation provided purification of the dimers and elimination of residual monomers. The purified dimers were investigated with UV-visible, IR, and Raman spectroscopy, complemented by computational studies using density functional theory at the CAM-B3LYP/def2-TZV level. Calculations and predicted spectra were calibrated by comparison with the corresponding monomers and used to determine the lowest energy dimer structures. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy provided few distinctive signatures, but UV-visible spectra detected new transitions for each dimer. The comparison of simulated and experimental spectra allows determination of the most prevalent structures for the PAH dimers. The work presented here provides interesting insights into the spectroscopy of extended aromatic systems and a new strategy for the photochemical synthesis of large PAH dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Webster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2556, Georgia
| | - Jacob L Beckham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2556, Georgia
| | - Natalie D Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2556, Georgia
| | - Michael A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2556, Georgia
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Dubey RK, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A. Inducing Single-Handed Helicity in a Twisted Molecular Nanoribbon. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2765-2774. [PMID: 35099195 PMCID: PMC8855342 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular conformation has an important role in chemistry and materials science. Molecular nanoribbons can adopt chiral twisted helical conformations. However, the synthesis of single-handed helically twisted molecular nanoribbons still represents a considerable challenge. Herein, we describe an asymmetric approach to induce single-handed helicity with an excellent degree of conformational discrimination. The chiral induction is the result of the chiral strain generated by fusing two oversized chiral rings and of the propagation of that strain along the nanoribbon's backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Dubey
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Tan E, Montesinos-Magraner M, García-Morales C, Mayans JG, Echavarren AM. Rhodium-catalysed ortho-alkynylation of nitroarenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14731-14739. [PMID: 34820088 PMCID: PMC8597868 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04527j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ortho-alkynylation of nitro-(hetero)arenes takes place in the presence of a Rh(iii) catalyst to deliver a wide variety of alkynylated nitroarenes regioselectively. These interesting products could be further derivatized by selective reduction of the nitro group or palladium-catalysed couplings. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reaction proceeds via a turnover-limiting electrophilic C-H metalation ortho to the strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Marc Montesinos-Magraner
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cristina García-Morales
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Joan Guillem Mayans
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
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Baal E, Klein M, Harms K, Sundermeyer J. 2,9-Diazadibenzoperylene and 2,9-Dimethyldibenzoperylene-1,3,8,10-tetratriflates: Key to Functionalized 2,9-Diazaperopyrenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:12610-12618. [PMID: 34180559 PMCID: PMC8456801 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2,9-diaza-1,3,8,10-tetratriflato-dibenzoperylene (DDP 3 a) and corresponding 2,9-dimethyl-1,3,8,10-tetratriflato-dibenzoperylene (DBP 3 b) has been developed at multigram scale via reduction of one of the industrially most important high-performance dyes, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI), and of the corresponding dihydroxy peropyrenequinone precursor. The focus of this paper is on the reactivity pattern of 3 a as key intermediate towards highly functionalized 2,9-diazadibenzopyrelenes (DDPs) obtained via catalytic substitution of four triflate by aryl, heteroaryl, alkynyl, aminyl, and O-phosphanyl substituents. The influence of electron-donating substituents (OSiMe3 , OPt-Bu2 , N-piperidinyl), electron-withdrawing (OTf, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl), and of electron-rich π-conjugated (2-thienyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, trimethylsilyl-ethynyl) substituents on optoelectronic and structural properties of these functionalized DDPs has been investigated via XRD analyses, UV/Vis, PL spectroscopy, and by electroanalytical CV. These results were correlated to results of DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Thus, functionalized DPPs with easily tunable HOMO and LUMO energies and gap became available via a new and reliable synthetic strategy starting from readily available PTCDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Baal
- Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences CenterPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Marius Klein
- Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences CenterPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences CenterPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences CenterPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
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Werner S, Vollgraff T, Sundermeyer J. Access to Functionalized Pyrenes, Peropyrenes, Terropyrenes, and Quarterropyrenes via Reductive Aromatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13631-13635. [PMID: 33724640 PMCID: PMC8252597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a versatile concept for the synthesis of fourfold functionalized, soluble pyrenes, peropyrenes, terropyrenes, and quarterropyrenes. They were obtained by a modular stepwise approach towards the rylene scaffold via Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling, oxidative cyclodehydrogenation in the presence of caesium hydroxide under air, and finally zinc‐mediated reductive silylation. The silylated reaction products were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The first example of a synthesized and crystallized quarterropyrene is presented and its oxidation reaction investigated. The functionalized ropyrenes were systematically characterized by means of UV/Vis–NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy showing a bathochromic shift of 80 nm per naphthalene unit and a nearly linear increase of the extinction coefficients. Cyclic voltammograms and DFT calculations identify them as electron‐rich dyes and show a narrowing of the electrochemically determined HOMO–LUMO gap and lower oxidation potentials for the higher homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Werner
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vollgraff
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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