1
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Shen T, Liu X. Photoinduced Charge Centralization Quenches the Fluorescence of Conjugation-Fused Tetrazine Labels with Red-to-Near-Infrared Emissions. Bioconjug Chem 2024. [PMID: 38963403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Tetrazine-derived fluorogenic labels are extensively studied for their potential in biological and medical imaging. Nonetheless, the fluorescence quenching mechanism in numerous precursors continues to be debated, particularly as the wavelengths extend into the red and near-infrared (NIR) regions. This challenge poses obstacles to systematically optimizing their fluorogenicity, i.e., achieving red-shifted wavelengths and improved fluorescence turn-on signals through click reactions. This paper highlights the significance of photoinduced charge centralization (PCC), a quenching mechanism observed in tetrazine-fused fluorogenic labels with integrated π-conjugations. PCC is primarily responsible for the quenching effects observed in such labels emitting in the red-to-NIR spectrum. Drawing from structure-property relationships, this study proposes two molecular design strategies that incorporate the PCC mechanism and constitutional isomerization to develop high-performance tetrazine-based labels. These strategies facilitate multiplex fluorescence imaging following click reactions, promising significant advancements in bio-orthogonal imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianruo Shen
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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2
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Işık M, Kısaçam MA. Readily Accessible and Brightly Fluorogenic BODIPY/NBD-Tetrazines via S NAr Reactions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6513-6519. [PMID: 38598957 PMCID: PMC11077493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
We describe SNAr reactions of some commercial amino-tetrazines and halo-dyes, which give efficiently quenched BODIPY/NBD-tetrazines (ΦFl < 0.01) in high yields and, importantly, with high purities affordable via simple silica gel chromatography only. The dyes exhibit large Stokes shifts, moderate environmental sensitivity, and emission enhancements (up to 193-fold) upon Tz ligation with BCN─a strained dienophile. They successfully serve as labels for HSA protein premodified with BCN, resulting in bright blue-green emission upon ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Işık
- Department
of Food Engineering, Bingöl University, 12000 Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Ali Kısaçam
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, 31060 Hatay, Türkiye
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3
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Chen M, Chen Y, Zhong M, Xie D, Wang C, Ren X, Huang S, Xu J, Zhu M. The Synergistic Mechanisms of AIE, ESIPT and ICT in the α-cyanostilbene-based Derivative: A Red-fluorescence Probe With a Large Stokes' Shift for Copper (II) Ion Determination and Reversible Response to Amine/acid Vapor. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1075-1090. [PMID: 37458937 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03341-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Herein, α-cyanostilbene-based luminogen with an electron donor-π-electron acceptor (D-π-A) architecture was formylated into the salicylaldehyde-analogue luminogen, followed by the Schiff base reaction with phenylamine, a red-emitting luminogen was elaborately designed and successfully synthesized in a high yield of 89%. Its well-defined structure was confirmed by FT-IR, MALDI-TOF-MS, HR-MS and 1H/13C NMR technologies. Based on the synergistic mechanisms of aggregation-induced emission (AIE), excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), it enjoyed a red-fluorescence emission at 627 nm in THF/water mixtures (fw = 95%) and was used as a probe. Moreover, the TLC-based test strips loaded with the probe not only exhibited the reversible fluorescence response to amine/acid vapor but also showed sensitive and selective fluorescence response towards Cu2+. Furthermore, the fluorescence titration experiment between the probe and Cu2+ in THF/water mixtures (fw = 95%, pH = 7.4) revealed that the detection limit was 1.18 × 10-7 M and the binding constant was 1.59 × 105. Job's plot experiment and HR-MS analysis revealed the 2:1 binding stoichiometry of the probe with Cu2+. The method enabled real-time assessment for Cu2+ in real water samples. This study could offer insightful opinions on the development of long-wavelength emissive luminogens based on α-cyanostilbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Donghong Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaorui Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Shizhou Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Mingguang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China.
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4
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Zhao B, Xu X, Wen X, Liu Q, Dong C, Yang Q, Fan C, Yoon J, Lu Z. Ratiometric Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe Monitors Ferroptosis in HCC Cells by Imaging HClO in Mitochondria. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5992-6000. [PMID: 38574346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a typical endogenous ROS produced mainly in mitochondria, and it has strong oxidative properties. Abnormal HClO levels lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, strongly associated with various diseases. It has been shown that HClO shows traces of overexpression in cells of both ferroptosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, visualization of HClO levels during ferroptosis of HCC is important to explore its physiological and pathological roles. So far, there has been no report on the visualization of HClO in ferroptosis of HCC. Thus, we present a ratiometric near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe Mito-Rh-S which visualized for the first time the fluctuation of HClO in mitochondria during ferroptosis of HCC. Mito-Rh-S has an ultrafast response rate (2 s) and large emission shift (115 nm). Mito-Rh-S was constructed based on the PET sensing mechanism and thus has a high signal-to-noise ratio. The cell experiments of Mito-Rh-S demonstrated that Fe2+- and erastin-induced ferroptosis in HepG2 cells resulted in elevated levels of mitochondrial HClO and that high concentration levels of Fe2+ and erastin cause severe mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress and had the potential to kill HepG2 cells. By regulating the erastin concentration, erastin induction time, and treatment of the ferroptosis model, Mito-Rh-S can accurately detect the fluctuation of mitochondrial HClO levels during ferroptosis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xionghao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xin Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Chao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Qingkun Yang
- Shandong Anshun Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Laoling, Shandong 253600, China
| | - Chunhua Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Zhengliang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
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5
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Segawa S, Wu J, Kwok RTK, Wong TTW, He X, Tang BZ. Co-aggregation as A Simple Strategy for Preparing Fluorogenic Tetrazine Probes with On-Demand Fluorogen Selection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313930. [PMID: 38055202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Life science has progressed with applications of fluorescent probes-fluorophores linked to functional units responding to biological events. To meet the varied demands across experiments, simple organic reactions to connect fluorophores and functional units have been developed, enabling the on-demand selection of fluorophore-functional unit combinations. However, organic synthesis requires professional equipment and skills, standing as a daunting task for life scientists. In this study, we present a simple, fast, and convenient strategy for probe preparation: co-aggregation of hydrophobic molecules. We focused on tetrazine-a difficult-to-prepare yet useful functional unit that provides effective bioorthogonal reactivity and strong fluorogenicity. Simply mixing the tetrazine molecules and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens in water, co-aggregation is induced, and the emission of AIE luminogens is quenched. Subsequent click reaction bioorthogonally turns on the emission, identifying these coaggregates as fluorogenic probes. Thanks to this bioorthogonal fluorogenicity, we established a new time-gated fluorescence bioimaging technique to distinguish overlapping emission signals, enabling multi-organelle imaging with two same-color fluorophores. Our study showcases the potential of this co-aggregation method for the on-demand preparation of fluorescent probes as well as protocols and molecular design principles in this approach, offering an effective solution to evolving needs in life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Segawa
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Translational and Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- Translational and Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Terence T W Wong
- Translational and Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xuewen He
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
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6
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Kozma E, Kele P. Bioorthogonal Reactions in Bioimaging. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:7. [PMID: 38400853 PMCID: PMC10894152 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Visualization of biomolecules in their native environment or imaging-aided understanding of more complex biomolecular processes are one of the focus areas of chemical biology research, which requires selective, often site-specific labeling of targets. This challenging task is effectively addressed by bioorthogonal chemistry tools in combination with advanced synthetic biology methods. Today, the smart combination of the elements of the bioorthogonal toolbox allows selective installation of multiple markers to selected targets, enabling multicolor or multimodal imaging of biomolecules. Furthermore, recent developments in bioorthogonally applicable probe design that meet the growing demands of superresolution microscopy enable more complex questions to be addressed. These novel, advanced probes enable highly sensitive, low-background, single- or multiphoton imaging of biological species and events in live organisms at resolutions comparable to the size of the biomolecule of interest. Herein, the latest developments in bioorthogonal fluorescent probe design and labeling schemes will be discussed in the context of in cellulo/in vivo (multicolor and/or superresolved) imaging schemes. The second part focuses on the importance of genetically engineered minimal bioorthogonal tags, with a particular interest in site-specific protein tagging applications to answer biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kozma
- Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Péter Kele
- Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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7
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Pfeuffer B, Geng P, Wagenknecht HA. Two-Factor Fluorogenic Cyanine-Styryl Dyes with Yellow and Red Fluorescence for Bioorthogonal Labelling of DNA. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300739. [PMID: 38050918 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
An orange- and a red-emitting tetrazine-modified cyanine-styryl dyes were synthesized for bioorthogonal labelling of DNA by means of the Diels-Alder reaction with inverse electron demand. Both dyes use the concept of the "two-factor" fluorogenicity for nucleic acids: (i) The dyes are nucleic-acid sensitive by their non-covalent binding to DNA, and (ii) their covalently attached tetrazine moiety quench the fluorescence. As a result, the reaction with bicyclononyne- and spirohexene-modified DNA is significantly accelerated up to k2 =280,000 M-1 s-1 , and the fluorescence turn-on is enhanced up to 305. Both dyes are cell permeable even in low concentrations and undergo fluorogenic reactions with spirohexene-modified DNA in living HeLa cells. The fluorescence is enhanced in living cells to such an extent that washing procedures before cell imaging are not required. Their large Stokes shifts (up to 0.77 eV) also makes them well suited for imaging because the wavelength ranges for excitation and emission can be best possible separated. Furthermore, the spirohexene-modified nucleosides and DNA extend and improve the toolbox of already existing "clickable" dyes for live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Pfeuffer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp Geng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Dai L, Zhou S, Yang C, Li J, Wang Y, Qin M, Pan L, Zhang D, Qian Z, Wu H. A bioorthogonal cell sorting strategy for isolation of desired cell phenotypes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1916-1919. [PMID: 38259188 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05604j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Here we describe a cost-effective and simplified cell sorting method using tetrazine bioorthogonal chemistry. We successfully isolated SKOV3 cells from complex mixtures, demonstrating efficacy in separating mouse lymphocytes expressing interferon and HeLa cells expressing virally transduced green fluorescent protein post-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Dai
- Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Siming Zhou
- Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yayue Wang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Qin
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lili Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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9
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Segawa S, He X, Tang BZ. Metal-free click and bioorthogonal reactions of aggregation-induced emission probes for lighting up living systems. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4619. [PMID: 37987236 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In 2002, two transformative research paradigms emerged: 'click chemistry' and 'aggregation-induced emission (AIE),' both leaving significant impacts on early 21st-century academia. Click chemistry, which describes the straightforward and reliable reactions for linking two building blocks, has simplified complex molecular syntheses and functionalization, propelling advancements in polymer, material, and life science. In particular, nontoxic, metal-free click reactions involving abiotic functional groups have matured into bioorthogonal reactions. These are organic ligations capable of selective and efficient operations even in congested living systems, therefore enabling in vitro to in vivo biomolecular labelling. Concurrently, AIE, a fluorogenic phenomenon of twisted π-conjugated compounds upon aggregation, has offered profound insight into solid-state photophysics and promoted the creation of aggregate materials. The inherent fluorogenicity and aggregate-emission properties of AIE luminogens have found extensive application in biological imaging, characterized by their high-contrast and photostable fluorescent signals. As such, the convergence of these two domains to yield efficient labelling with excellent fluorescence images is an anticipated progression in recent life science research. In this review, we intend to showcase the synergetic applications of AIE probes and metal-free click or bioorthogonal reactions, highlighting both the achievements and the unexplored avenues in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Segawa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuewen He
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Kim D, Son H, Park SB. Ultrafluorogenic Monochromophore-Type BODIPY-Tetrazine Series for Dual-Color Bioorthogonal Imaging with a Single Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310665. [PMID: 37749957 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Various fluorogenic probes utilizing tetrazine (Tz) as a fluorescence quencher and bioorthogonal reaction partner have been extensively studied over the past few decades. Herein, we synthesized a series of boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-Tz probes using monochromophoric design strategy for bioorthogonal cellular imaging. The BODIPY-Tz probes exhibited excellent bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN)-selective fluorogenicity with three- to four-digit-fold enhancements in fluorescence over a wide range of emission wavelengths, including the far-red region. Furthermore, we demonstrated the applicability of BODIPY-Tz probes in bioorthogonal fluorescence imaging of cellular organelles without washing steps. We also elucidated the aromatized pyridazine moiety as the origin of BCN-selective fluorogenic behavior. Additionally, we discovered that the fluorescence of the trans-cyclooctene (TCO) adducts was quenched in aqueous media via photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) process. Interestingly, we observed a distinctive recovery of the initially quenched fluorescence of BODIPY-Tz-TCO upon exposure to hydrophobic media, accompanied by a significant bathochromic shift of its emission wavelength relative to that exhibited by the corresponding BODIPY-Tz-BCN. Leveraging this finding, for the first time, we achieved dual-color bioorthogonal cellular imaging with a single BODIPY-Tz probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahham Kim
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hayoung Son
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Albitz E, Németh K, Knorr G, Kele P. Evaluation of bioorthogonally applicable tetrazine-Cy3 probes for fluorogenic labeling schemes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7358-7366. [PMID: 37646224 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The fluorogenic features of three sets of tetrazine-Cy3 probes were evaluated in bioorthogonal tetrazine-cyclooctyne ligation schemes. These studies revealed that the more efficient, internal conversion-based quenching of fluorescence by the tetrazine modul is translated to improved fluorogenicity compared to the more conventional, energy transfer-enabled design. Furthermore, a comparison of directly conjugated probes and vinylene-linked tetrazine-Cy3 probes revealed that more intimate conjugation of the tetrazine and the chromophore results in more efficient IC-based quenching even in spectral ranges where tetrazine exhibits diminished modulation efficiency. The applicability of these tetrazine-quenched fluorogenic Cy3 probes was demonstrated in the fluorogenic labeling schemes of the extra- and intracellular proteins of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Albitz
- Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Knorr
- Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Kele
- Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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12
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Tam LKB, Lo PC, Cheung PCK, Ng DKP. A Tetrazine-Caged Carbon-Dipyrromethene as a Bioorthogonally Activatable Fluorescent Probe. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300562. [PMID: 37489571 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-substituted carbon-dipyrromethene (C-DIPY) was synthesized from the previously reported carbonyl pyrrole dimer through a two-step procedure. Owing to the presence of a tetrazine moiety, the fluorescence emission of this compound was largely quenched in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.4. Upon addition of a bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) derivative, the tetrazine-based quenching component of the compound was disrupted through the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction to restore the fluorescence in up to 6.6-fold. This bioorthogonal activation was also demonstrated using U-87 MG human glioblastoma cells, in which the fluorescence intensity of this C-DIPY could be enhanced by 8.7-fold upon post-incubation with the BCN derivative. The results showed that this tetrazine-caged C-DIPY can serve as a bioorthogonally activatable fluorescent probe for bioimaging. The compound, however, was found to reside preferentially in the lysosomes instead of the mitochondria of the cells as predicted based on its cationic character, which could be attributed to its energy-dependent endocytic cellular uptake pathway, for which lysosomes are the end station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo K B Tam
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Chi Keung Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis K P Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
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Kozma E, Bojtár M, Kele P. Bioorthogonally Assisted Phototherapy: Recent Advances and Prospects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303198. [PMID: 37161824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive materials offer excellent spatiotemporal control over biological processes and the emerging phototherapeutic methods are expected to have significant effects on targeted cancer therapies. Recent examples show that combination of photoactivatable approaches with bioorthogonal chemistry enhances the precision of targeted phototherapies and profound implications are foreseen particularly in the treatment of disperse/diffuse tumors. The extra level of on-target selectivity and improved spatial/temporal control considerably intensified related bioorthogonally assisted phototherapy research. The anticipated growth of further developments in the field justifies the timeliness of a brief summary of the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kozma
- Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Bojtár
- Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Kele
- Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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Shi W, Li J, He X, Zhou S, Sun H, Wu H. Tuning the Physicochemical Properties of BODIPY for Bioimaging via meso-Amino Acylation. Org Lett 2022; 24:3368-3372. [PMID: 35504622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of BODIPY probes with a wide emission range were prepared via aminoacylation at the meso-position. Functional moieties were also introduced to induce bathochromic shifts in emission, improve water solubility, increase Stokes shifts, and construct bioorthogonal turn-on probes. The developed analogues were successfully used in live-cell imaging, suggesting that the described strategy can be used to prepare probes with improved bioimaging potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyu He
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Siming Zhou
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongbao Sun
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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