1
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Yoshimune W, Kato A, Yamaguchi S, Hibi S, Kato S. Comprehensive Analysis of Wettability in Waterproofed Gas Diffusion Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36489-36497. [PMID: 38965821 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), the gas diffusion layer (GDL) is crucial for managing the flooding tolerance, which is the ability to remove the water produced during power generation from the assembled cell. However, an improved understanding of the properties of GDLs is required to develop effective waterproofing strategies. This study investigated the influence of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) content on the pore diameter, porosity, wettability, water saturation, and flooding tolerance of waterproofed carbon papers as cathode GDLs in PEFCs. The addition of minimal PTFE (∼6 wt %) to carbon paper provided external waterproofing, whereas internal waterproofing was achieved at a higher PTFE content (∼13 wt %). However, excessive PTFE (∼37 wt %) led to macropore collapse within the carbon paper, reducing fuel cell performance. Although PTFE addition was expected to improve the flooding tolerance, operando synchrotron X-ray radiography revealed that the water saturation level in carbon paper increased with increasing PTFE content. These findings provide a benchmark for assessing whether GDLs meet the flooding tolerance requirements of PEFCs and may be applicable to waterproofed GDLs in electrochemical devices for water and CO2 electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yoshimune
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kato
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Shogo Hibi
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Satoru Kato
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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2
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Chen X, Sheng X, Zhou H, Liu Z, Xu M, Feng X. Hydrophobicity Promoted Efficient Hydroxyl Radical Generation in Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Oxidation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310128. [PMID: 38174635 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) with strong oxidation capability is one of the most important reactive oxygen species. The generation of •OH from superoxide radicals (•O2 -) is an important process in visible-light-driven photocatalysis, but the conversion generally suffers from slow reaction kinetics. Here, a hydrophobicity promoted efficient •OH generation in a visible-light-driven semiconductor-mediated photodegradation reaction is reported. Hydrophobic TiO2 that is synthesized by modifying the TiO2 surface with a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer and rhodamine B (RhB) are used as model semiconductors and dye molecules, respectively. The surface hydrophobicity resulted in the formation of a solid-liquid-air triphase interface microenvironment, which increased the local concentration of O2. In the meanwhile, the saturated adsorption quantity of RhB on hydrophobic TiO2 is improved by five-fold than that on untreated TiO2. These advantages increased the density of the conduction band photoelectrons and •O2 - generation, and stimulated the conversion of •O2 - to •OH. This consequently not only increased the kinetics of the photocatalytic reaction by an order of magnitude, but also altered the oxidation route from conventional decolorization to mineralization. This study highlights the importance of surface wettability modulation in boosting •OH generation in visible-light-driven photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xia Sheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Minmin Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinjian Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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3
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Heßelmann M, Lee JK, Chae S, Tricker A, Keller RG, Wessling M, Su J, Kushner D, Weber AZ, Peng X. Pure-Water-Fed Forward-Bias Bipolar Membrane CO 2 Electrolyzer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:24649-24659. [PMID: 38711294 PMCID: PMC11103649 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Coupling renewable electricity to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) electrochemically into carbon feedstocks offers a promising pathway to produce chemical fuels sustainably. While there has been success in developing materials and theory for CO2 reduction, the widespread deployment of CO2 electrolyzers has been hindered by challenges in the reactor design and operational stability due to CO2 crossover and (bi)carbonate salt precipitation. Herein, we design asymmetrical bipolar membranes assembled into a zero-gap CO2 electrolyzer fed with pure water, solving both challenges. By investigating and optimizing the anion-exchange-layer thickness, cathode differential pressure, and cell temperature, the forward-bias bipolar membrane CO2 electrolyzer achieves a CO faradic efficiency over 80% with a partial current density over 200 mA cm-2 at less than 3.0 V with negligible CO2 crossover. In addition, this electrolyzer achieves 0.61 and 2.1 mV h-1 decay rates at 150 and 300 mA cm-2 for 200 and 100 h, respectively. Postmortem analysis indicates that the deterioration of catalyst/polymer-electrolyte interfaces resulted from catalyst structural change, and ionomer degradation at reductive potential shows the decay mechanism. All these results point to the future research direction and show a promising pathway to deploy CO2 electrolyzers at scale for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Heßelmann
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jason Keonhag Lee
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sudong Chae
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew Tricker
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert Gregor Keller
- Chemical
Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Chemical
Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI
Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ji Su
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Douglas Kushner
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z. Weber
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiong Peng
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Han J, Tu B, An P, Zhang J, Yan Z, Zhang X, Long C, Zhu Y, Yuan Y, Qiu X, Yang Z, Huang X, Yan S, Tang Z. Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO 2 Electroreduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313926. [PMID: 38376851 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic ethylene (C2H4) evolution from CO2 reduction is an intriguing route to mitigate both the energy and environmental crises; however, to acquire industrially relevant high productivity and selectivity at low energy cost remains to be challenging. Membrane assembly electrode has shown great prospect and tailoring its architecture for maximizing C2H4 yield at minimum voltage with long-term stability becomes critical. Here a freestanding Cu membrane cathode is designed and constructed by electrochemically depositing mesoporous Cu film on Cu foam to simultaneously manage CO2, electron, water, and product transport, which shows an extraordinary C2H4 Faradaic efficiency of 85.6% with a full cell power conversion efficiency of 33% at a current density of 368 mA cm-2, heading the techno-economic viability for electrocatalytic C2H4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Han
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei An
- Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chang Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuhao Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Geng Q, Fan L, Chen H, Zhang C, Xu Z, Tian Y, Yu C, Kang L, Yamauchi Y, Li C, Jiang L. Revolutionizing CO 2 Electrolysis: Fluent Gas Transportation within Hydrophobic Porous Cu 2O. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10599-10607. [PMID: 38567740 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The success of electrochemical CO2 reduction at high current densities hinges on precise interfacial transportation and the local concentration of gaseous CO2. However, the creation of efficient CO2 transportation channels remains an unexplored frontier. In this study, we design and synthesize hydrophobic porous Cu2O spheres with varying pore sizes to unveil the nanoporous channel's impact on gas transfer and triple-phase interfaces. The hydrophobic channels not only facilitate rapid CO2 transportation but also trap compressed CO2 bubbles to form abundant and stable triple-phase interfaces, which are crucial for high-current-density electrocatalysis. In CO2 electrolysis, in situ spectroscopy and density functional theory results reveal that atomic edges of concave surfaces promote C-C coupling via an energetically favorable OC-COH pathway, leading to overwhelming CO2-to-C2+ conversion. Leveraging optimal gas transportation and active site exposure, the hydrophobic porous Cu2O with a 240 nm pore size (P-Cu2O-240) stands out among all the samples and exhibits the best CO2-to-C2+ productivity with remarkable Faradaic efficiency and formation rate up to 75.3 ± 3.1% and 2518.2 ± 8.1 μmol h-1 cm-2, respectively. This study introduces a novel paradigm for efficient electrocatalysts that concurrently addresses active site design and gas-transfer challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Geng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Longlong Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huige Chen
- Functional Crystal Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ye Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cunming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Functional Crystal Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), the University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Cuiling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
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6
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Chen Q, Wang X, Zhou Y, Tan Y, Li H, Fu J, Liu M. Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction to C 2+ Products in Flow Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303902. [PMID: 37651690 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction into value-added fuels and chemicals by renewable electric energy is one of the important strategies to address global energy shortage and carbon emission. Though the classical H-type electrolytic cell can quickly screen high-efficiency catalysts, the low current density and limited CO2 mass transfer process essentially impede its industrial applications. The electrolytic cells based on electrolyte flow system (flow cells) have shown great potential for industrial devices, due to higher current density, improved local CO2 concentration, and better mass transfer efficiency. The design and optimization of flow cells are of great significance to further accelerate the industrialization of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR). In this review, the progress of flow cells for CO2 RR to C2+ products is concerned. Firstly, the main events in the development of the flow cells for CO2 RR are outlined. Second, the main design principles of CO2 RR to C2+ products, the architectures, and types of flow cells are summarized. Third, the main strategies for optimizing flow cells to generate C2+ products are reviewed in detail, including cathode, anode, ion exchange membrane, and electrolyte. Finally, the preliminary attempts, challenges, and the research prospects of flow cells for industrial CO2 RR toward C2+ products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiqing Wang
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yajiao Zhou
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yao Tan
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Fu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
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Meng Z, Wang F, Zhang Z, Min S. A Cu hollow fiber with coaxially grown Bi nanosheet arrays as an integrated gas-penetrable electrode enables high current density and durable formate electrosynthesis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2295-2302. [PMID: 38186374 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05982k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
While high current density formate (HCOO-) electrosynthesis from CO2 reduction has been achieved in a flow cell assembly, the inevitable flooding and salt precipitation of traditional gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs) severely limit the overall energy efficiency and stability. In this work, an integrated gas-penetrable electrode (GPE) for HCOO- electrosynthesis was developed by coaxially growing vertically aligned high density Bi nanosheet arrays on a porous Cu hollow fiber (Bi NSAs@Cu HF) via controllable galvanic replacement. The interior porous Cu HF serves as a robust gas-penetrable and conductive host for continuously delivering CO2 gas to surface-anchored Bi NSAs, resulting in numerous well-balanced triphase active interfaces for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The most active Bi NSAs@Cu HF GPE exhibits a high HCOO- faradaic efficiency (FEHCOO-) of over 80% in a wide potential window (330 mV) with a linearly increased partial current density (jHCOO-) up to -261.6 mA cm-2 at -1.11 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The Bi NSAs@Cu HF GPE also sustains a FEHCOO- of >80% at a high total current density of -300 mA cm-2, corresponding to a jHCOO- of >-240 mA cm-2, for more than 60 h. This work provides new perspectives on designing efficient and durable integrated GPEs for a sustainable CO2RR on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Shixiong Min
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
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Lai W, Qiao Y, Wang Y, Huang H. Stability Issues in Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction: Recent Advances in Fundamental Understanding and Design Strategies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306288. [PMID: 37562821 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) offers a promising approach to close the anthropogenic carbon cycle and store intermittent renewable energy in fuels or chemicals. On the path to commercializing this technology, achieving the long-term operation stability is a central requirement but still confronts challenges. This motivates to organize the present review to systematically discuss the stability issue of CO2 RR. This review starts from the fundamental understanding on the destabilization mechanisms of CO2 RR, with focus on the degradation of electrocatalyst and change of reaction microenvironment during continuous electrolysis. Subsequently, recent efforts on catalyst design to stabilize the active sites are summarized, where increasing atomic binding strength to resist surface reconstruction is highlighted. Next, the optimization of electrolysis system to enhance the operation stability by maintaining reaction microenvironment especially mitigating flooding and carbonate problems is demonstrated. The manipulation on operation conditions also enables to prolong CO2 RR lifespan through recovering catalytically active sites and mass transport process. This review finally ends up by indicating the challenges and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Lai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongwen Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
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Zhu HL, Huang JR, Liao PQ, Chen XM. Rational Design of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Electroreduction of CO 2 to Hydrocarbons and Carbon Oxygenates. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1506-1517. [PMID: 36439306 PMCID: PMC9686201 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Since CO2 can be reutilized by using renewable electricity in form of product diversity, electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) is expected to be a burgeoning strategy to tackle environmental problems and the energy crisis. Nevertheless, owing to the limited selectivity and reaction efficiency for a single component product, ECR is still far from a large-scale application. Therefore, designing high performance electrocatalysts is the key objective in CO2 conversion and utilization. Unlike most other types of electrocatalysts, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have clear, designable, and tunable catalytic active sites and chemical microenvironments, which are highly conducive to establish a clear structure-performance relationship and guide the further design of high-performance electrocatalysts. This Outlook concisely and critically discusses the rational design strategies of MOF catalysts for ECR in terms of reaction selectivity, current density, and catalyst stability, and outlines the prospects for the development of MOF electrocatalysts and industrial applications. In the future, more efforts should be devoted to designing MOF structures with high stability and electronic conductivity besides high activity and selectivity, as well as to develop efficient electrolytic devices suitable for MOF catalysts.
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