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Lutter F, Brenner W, Krajinski-Barth F, Safavi-Rizi V. Nitric oxide and cytokinin cross-talk and their role in plant hypoxia response. Plant Signal Behav 2024; 19:2329841. [PMID: 38521996 PMCID: PMC10962617 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2329841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokinins (CKs) are known for their crucial contributions to plant development, growth, senescence, and stress response. Despite the importance of both signals in stress responses, their interaction remains largely unexplored. The interplay between NO and CKs emerges as particularly significant not only regarding plant growth and development but also in addressing plant stress response, particularly in the context of extreme weather events leading to yield loss. In this review, we summarize NO and CKs metabolism and signaling. Additionally, we emphasize the crosstalk between NO and CKs, underscoring its potential impact on stress response, with a focus on hypoxia tolerance. Finally, we address the most urgent questions that demand answers and offer recommendations for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lutter
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfram Brenner
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Krajinski-Barth
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vajiheh Safavi-Rizi
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Komatsu S, Zhou T, Kono Y. Biochemical Analysis to Understand the Flooding Tolerance of Mutant Soybean Irradiated with Gamma Rays. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:517. [PMID: 38203688 PMCID: PMC10779331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Flooding stress, which reduces plant growth and seed yield, is a serious problem for soybean. To improve the productivity of flooded soybean, flooding-tolerant soybean was produced by gamma-ray irradiation. Three-day-old wild-type and mutant-line plants were flooded for 2 days. Protein, RNA, and genomic DNA were then analyzed based on oppositely changed proteins between the wild type and the mutant line under flooding stress. They were associated with cell organization, RNA metabolism, and protein degradation according to proteomic analysis. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that the accumulation of beta-tubulin/beta-actin increased in the wild type under flooding stress and recovered to the control level in the mutant line; however, alpha-tubulin increased in both the wild type and the mutant line under stress. Ubiquitin was accumulated and genomic DNA was degraded by flooding stress in the wild type; however, they were almost the same as control levels in the mutant line. On the other hand, the gene expression level of RNase H and 60S ribosomal protein did not change in either the wild type or the mutant line under flooding stress. Furthermore, chlorophyll a/b decreased and increased in the wild type and the mutant line, respectively, under flooding stress. These results suggest that the regulation of cell organization and protein degradation might be an important factor in the acquisition of flooding tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan;
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan;
| | - Yuhi Kono
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Joetsu 943-0193, Japan;
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3
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Zhang R, Xuan L, Ni L, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yin Y, Hua J. ADH Gene Cloning and Identification of Flooding-Responsive Genes in Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:678. [PMID: 36771761 PMCID: PMC9919530 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a flooding-tolerant tree species, Taxodium distichum has been utilized in afforestation projects and proven to have important value in flooding areas. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which participates in ethanol fermentation, is essential for tolerance to the anaerobic conditions caused by flooding. In a comprehensive analysis of the ADH gene family in T. distichum, TdADHs were cloned on the basis of whole-genome sequencing, and then bioinformatic analysis, subcellular localization, and gene expression level analysis under flooding were conducted. The results show that the putative protein sequences of 15 cloned genes contained seven TdADHs and eight TdADH-like genes (one Class III ADH included) that were divided into five clades. All the sequences had an ADH_N domain, and except for TdADH-likeE2, all the other genes had an ADH_zinc_N domain. Moreover, the TdADHs in clades A, B, C, and D had a similar motif composition. Additionally, the number of TdADH amino acids ranged from 277 to 403, with an average of 370.13. Subcellular localization showed that, except for TdADH-likeD3, which was not expressed in the nucleus, the other genes were predominantly expressed in both the nucleus and cytosol. TdADH-likeC2 was significantly upregulated in all three organs (roots, stems, and leaves), and TdADHA3 was also highly upregulated under 24 h flooding treatment; the two genes might play key roles in ethanol fermentation and flooding tolerance. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of TdADHs and could provide a foundation for the molecular breeding of T. distichum and current research on the molecular mechanisms driving flooding tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lei Xuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Longjie Ni
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianfeng Hua
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
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4
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Lai MC, Lai ZY, Jhan LH, Lai YS, Kao CF. Prioritization and Evaluation of Flooding Tolerance Genes in Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Front Genet 2021; 11:612131. [PMID: 33584812 PMCID: PMC7873447 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.612131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the most important legume crops abundant in edible protein and oil in the world. In recent years there has been increasingly more drastic weather caused by climate change, with flooding, drought, and unevenly distributed rainfall gradually increasing in terms of the frequency and intensity worldwide. Severe flooding has caused extensive losses to soybean production and there is an urgent need to breed strong soybean seeds with high flooding tolerance. The present study demonstrates bioinformatics big data mining and integration, meta-analysis, gene mapping, gene prioritization, and systems biology for identifying prioritized genes of flooding tolerance in soybean. A total of 83 flooding tolerance genes (FTgenes), according to the appropriate cut-off point, were prioritized from 36,705 test genes collected from multidimensional genomic features linking to soybean flooding tolerance. Several validation results using independent samples from SoyNet, genome-wide association study, SoyBase, GO database, and transcriptome databases all exhibited excellent agreement, suggesting these 83 FTgenes were significantly superior to others. These results provide valuable information and contribution to research on the varieties selection of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Chien Lai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Yuan Lai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Jhan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Syuan Lai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Kao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Kaspary TE, Roma-Burgos N, Merotto A. Snorkeling Strategy: Tolerance to Flooding in Rice and Potential Application for Weed Management. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11090975. [PMID: 32842571 PMCID: PMC7564916 DOI: 10.3390/genes11090975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Flooding is an important strategy for weed control in paddy rice fields. However, terrestrial weeds had evolved mechanisms of tolerance to flooding, resulting in new 'snorkeling' ecotypes. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of flooding tolerance in cultivated and weedy rice at different plant stages and the putative utility of this trait for weed management. Knowledge about flooding tolerance is derived primarily from crop models, mainly rice. The rice model informs us about the possible flooding tolerance mechanisms in weedy rice, Echinochloa species, and other weeds. During germination, the gene related to carbohydrate mobilization and energy intake (RAmy3D), and genes involved in metabolism maintenance under anoxia (ADH, PDC, and OsB12D1) are the most important for flooding tolerance. Flooding tolerance during emergence involved responses promoted by ethylene and induction of RAmy3D, ADH, PDC, and OsB12D1. Plant species tolerant to complete submersion also employ escape strategies or the ability to become quiescent during the submergence period. In weedy rice, the expression of PDC1, SUS3, and SUB1 genes is not directly related to flooding tolerance, contrary to what was learned in cultivated rice. Mitigation of flooding tolerance in weeds could be achieved with biotechnological approaches and genetic manipulation of flood tolerance genes through RNAi and transposons, providing a potential new tool for weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Edu Kaspary
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA, La Estanzuela, Colonia 70006, Uruguay;
| | - Nilda Roma-Burgos
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Aldo Merotto
- Department of Crop Sciences, Agricultural School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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6
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Ayi Q, Zeng B, Yang K, Lin F, Zhang X, van Bodegom PM, Cornelissen JHC. Similar Growth Performance but Contrasting Biomass Allocation of Root-Flooded Terrestrial Plant Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. in Response to Nutrient Versus Dissolved Oxygen Stress. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:111. [PMID: 30792729 PMCID: PMC6374607 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants may experience nutrient and oxygen stress when they are submerged, and increases in flooding are anticipated with climate change. It has been well reported that plants usually shift biomass allocation and produce more roots in response to nutrient deficiency. However, it is unclear whether plants experiencing oxygen deficiency stimulate biomass allocation to roots to enhance nutrient absorption, similar to how plants experiencing nutrient deficiency behave. We investigated the responses of the terrestrial species Alternanthera philoxeroides, upon root flooding, to nutrient versus dissolved oxygen deficiency in terms of plant growth, biomass allocation, root production, root efficiency (plant growth sustained per unit root surface area), and root aerenchyma formation. Both nutrient and dissolved oxygen deficiency hampered the growth of root-flooded plants. As expected, plants experiencing nutrient deficiency increased biomass allocation to roots and exhibited lower root efficiency; in contrast, plants experiencing dissolved oxygen deficiency decreased biomass allocation to roots but achieved higher root efficiency. The diameter of aerenchyma channels in roots were enlarged in plants experiencing dissolved oxygen deficiency but did not change in plants experiencing nutrient deficiency. The widening of aerenchyma channels in roots could have improved the oxygen status and thereby the nutrient absorption capability of roots in low oxygen environments, which might benefit the plants to tolerate flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Ayi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Department of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Chen XS, Li YF, Cai YH, Xie YH, Deng ZM, Li F, Hou ZY. Differential Strategies to Tolerate Flooding in Polygonum hydropiper Plants Originating From Low- and High-Elevation Habitats. Front Plant Sci 2019; 9:1970. [PMID: 30687365 PMCID: PMC6333866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In species that occur over a wide range of flooding conditions, plant populations may have evolved divergent strategies as a consequence of long-term adaptation to local flooding conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a flooding gradient on the growth and carbohydrate reserves of Polygonum hydropiper plants originating from low- and high-elevation habitats in the Dongting Lake wetlands. The results indicated that shoot length did not differ, whereas the total biomass and carbohydrate reserves were reduced under flooded compared to well-drained conditions for plants originating from both habitat types. However, shoot length, shoot mass, rhizome mass, and total biomass were lower in plants from low-elevation habitats than in those from high-elevation habitats in the flooded condition. Soluble sugar and starch contents in belowground biomass were higher in plants from low-elevation habitats than in those from high-elevation habitats independently of the water level. Therefore, P. hydropiper plants from low-elevation habitats exhibit a lower growth rate and more conservative energy strategy to cope with flooding in comparison with plants from high-elevation habitats. Differential strategies to cope with flooding among P. hydropiper populations are most likely a response to the flooding pressures of the habitat of origin and may potentially drive ecotype differentiation within species along flooding gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-He Cai
- The Faculty of Geography and Resources Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Miao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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8
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Ye NH, Wang FZ, Shi L, Chen MX, Cao YY, Zhu FY, Wu YZ, Xie LJ, Liu TY, Su ZZ, Xiao S, Zhang H, Yang J, Gu HY, Hou XX, Hu QJ, Yi HJ, Zhu CX, Zhang J, Liu YG. Natural variation in the promoter of rice calcineurin B-like protein10 (OsCBL10) affects flooding tolerance during seed germination among rice subspecies. Plant J 2018; 94:612-625. [PMID: 29495079 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has two ecotypes, upland and lowland rice, that have been observed to show different tolerance levels under flooding stress. In this study, two rice cultivars, upland (Up221, flooding-intolerant) and lowland (Low88, flooding-tolerant), were initially used to study their molecular mechanisms in response to flooding germination. We observed that variations in the OsCBL10 promoter sequences in these two cultivars might contribute to this divergence in flooding tolerance. Further analysis using another eight rice cultivars revealed that the OsCBL10 promoter could be classified as either a flooding-tolerant type (T-type) or a flooding-intolerant type (I-type). The OsCBL10 T-type promoter only existed in japonica lowland cultivars, whereas the OsCBL10 I-type promoter existed in japonica upland, indica upland and indica lowland cultivars. Flooding-tolerant rice cultivars containing the OsCBL10 T-type promoter have shown lower Ca2+ flow and higher α-amylase activities in comparison to those in flooding-intolerant cultivars. Furthermore, the OsCBL10 overexpression lines were sensitive to both flooding and hypoxic treatments during rice germination with enhanced Ca2+ flow in comparison to wild-type. Subsequent findings also indicate that OsCBL10 may affect OsCIPK15 protein abundance and its downstream pathways. In summary, our results suggest that the adaptation to flooding stress during rice germination is associated with two different OsCBL10 promoters, which in turn affect OsCBL10 expression in different cultivars and negatively affect OsCIPK15 protein accumulation and its downstream cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Hui Ye
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun-Ying Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu-Yuan Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Wu
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Juan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tie-Yuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ze-Zhuo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hai-Yong Gu
- The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDRRI), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Qi-Juan Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui-Juan Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Xiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Gao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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9
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Wang X, Sakata K, Komatsu S. An Integrated Approach of Proteomics and Computational Genetic Modification Effectiveness Analysis to Uncover the Mechanisms of Flood Tolerance in Soybeans. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1301. [PMID: 29701710 PMCID: PMC5983631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flooding negatively affects the growth of soybeans. Recently, omic approaches have been used to study abiotic stress responses in plants. To explore flood-tolerant genes in soybeans, an integrated approach of proteomics and computational genetic modification effectiveness analysis was applied to the soybean (Glycine max L. (Merrill)). Flood-tolerant mutant and abscisic acid (ABA)-treated soybean plants were used as the flood-tolerant materials. Among the primary metabolism, glycolysis, fermentation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle were markedly affected under flooding. Fifteen proteins, which were related to the affected processes, displayed similar protein profiles in the mutant and ABA-treated soybean plants. Protein levels of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), aconitase 1, and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase were higher in flood-tolerant materials than in wild-type soybean plants under flood conditions. These three proteins were positioned in each of the three enzyme groups revealed by our computational genetic modification effectiveness analysis, and the three proteins configured a candidate set of genes to promote flood tolerance. Additionally, transcript levels of GAPDH were similar in flood-tolerant materials and in unstressed plants. These results suggest that proteins related to energy metabolism might play an essential role to confer flood tolerance in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Sakata
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi 371-0816, Japan.
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
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10
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Shahzad Z, Canut M, Tournaire-Roux C, Martinière A, Boursiac Y, Loudet O, Maurel C. A Potassium-Dependent Oxygen Sensing Pathway Regulates Plant Root Hydraulics. Cell 2016; 167:87-98.e14. [PMID: 27641502 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic organisms survive low oxygen (O2) through activation of diverse molecular, metabolic, and physiological responses. In most plants, root water permeability (in other words, hydraulic conductivity, Lpr) is downregulated under O2 deficiency. Here, we used a quantitative genetics approach in Arabidopsis to clone Hydraulic Conductivity of Root 1 (HCR1), a Raf-like MAPKKK that negatively controls Lpr. HCR1 accumulates and is functional under combined O2 limitation and potassium (K(+)) sufficiency. HCR1 regulates Lpr and hypoxia responsive genes, through the control of RAP2.12, a key transcriptional regulator of the core anaerobic response. A substantial variation of HCR1 in regulating Lpr is observed at the Arabidopsis species level. Thus, by combinatorially integrating two soil signals, K(+) and O2 availability, HCR1 modulates the resilience of plants to multiple flooding scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Shahzad
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR5004, INRA/CNRS/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Canut
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA/AgroParisTech/CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Colette Tournaire-Roux
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR5004, INRA/CNRS/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Martinière
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR5004, INRA/CNRS/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Boursiac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR5004, INRA/CNRS/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Loudet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA/AgroParisTech/CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR5004, INRA/CNRS/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France.
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11
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Winkel A, Visser EJW, Colmer TD, Brodersen KP, Voesenek LACJ, Sand-Jensen K, Pedersen O. Leaf gas films, underwater photosynthesis and plant species distributions in a flood gradient. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:1537-1548. [PMID: 26846194 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Traits for survival during flooding of terrestrial plants include stimulation or inhibition of shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and efficient gas exchange. Leaf gas films form on superhydrophobic cuticles during submergence and enhance underwater gas exchange. The main hypothesis tested was that the presence of leaf gas films influences the distribution of plant species along a natural flood gradient. We conducted laboratory experiments and field observations on species distributed along a natural flood gradient. We measured presence or absence of leaf gas films and specific leaf area of 95 species. We also measured, gas film retention time during submergence and underwater net photosynthesis and dark respiration of 25 target species. The presence of a leaf gas film was inversely correlated to flood frequency and duration and reached a maximum value of 80% of the species in the rarely flooded locations. This relationship was primarily driven by grasses that all, independently of their field location along the flood gradient, possess gas films when submerged. Although the present study and earlier experiments have shown that leaf gas films enhance gas exchange of submerged plants, the ability of species to form leaf gas films did not show the hypothesized relationship with species composition along the flood gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Winkel
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Klaus P Brodersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaj Sand-Jensen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Pedersen
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Advanced Studies, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Herzog M, Striker GG, Colmer TD, Pedersen O. Mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance in wheat--a review of root and shoot physiology. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:1068-86. [PMID: 26565998 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We review the detrimental effects of waterlogging on physiology, growth and yield of wheat. We highlight traits contributing to waterlogging tolerance and genetic diversity in wheat. Death of seminal roots and restriction of adventitious root length due to O2 deficiency result in low root:shoot ratio. Genotypes differ in seminal root anoxia tolerance, but mechanisms remain to be established; ethanol production rates do not explain anoxia tolerance. Root tip survival is short-term, and thereafter, seminal root re-growth upon re-aeration is limited. Genotypes differ in adventitious root numbers and in aerenchyma formation within these roots, resulting in varying waterlogging tolerances. Root extension is restricted by capacity for internal O2 movement to the apex. Sub-optimal O2 restricts root N uptake and translocation to the shoots, with N deficiency causing reduced shoot growth and grain yield. Although photosynthesis declines, sugars typically accumulate in shoots of waterlogged plants. Mn or Fe toxicity might occur in shoots of wheat on strongly acidic soils, but probably not more widely. Future breeding for waterlogging tolerance should focus on root internal aeration and better N-use efficiency; exploiting the genetic diversity in wheat for these and other traits should enable improvement of waterlogging tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Herzog
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, CPA 1417, DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute of Advanced Studies, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Steffen S, Ball P, Mucina L, Kadereit G. Phylogeny, biogeography and ecological diversification of Sarcocornia (Salicornioideae, Amaranthaceae). Ann Bot 2015; 115:353-68. [PMID: 25617410 PMCID: PMC4332613 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sarcocornia comprises about 28 species of perennial succulent halophytes distributed worldwide, mainly in saline environments of warm-temperate and subtropical regions. The genus is characterized by strongly reduced leaves and flowers, which cause taxonomic difficulties; however, species in the genus show high diversity in growth form, with a mat-forming habit found in coastal salt marshes of all continents. Sarcocornia forms a monophyletic lineage with Salicornia whose species are all annual, yet the relationship between the two genera is poorly understood. This study is aimed at clarifying the phylogenetic relationship between Sarcocornia and Salicornia, interpreting biogeographical and ecological patterns in Sarcocornia, and gaining insights into putative parallel evolution of habit as an adaptation to environmental factors. METHODS A comprehensively sampled and dated phylogeny of Sarcocornia is presented based on nuclear ribosomal DNA (external transcribed spacer) and chloroplast DNA (atpB-rbcL, rpl32-trnL) sequences; representative samples of Salicornia were also included in the analyses. To infer biogeographical patterns, an ancestral area reconstruction was conducted. KEY RESULTS The Sarcocornia/Salicornia lineage arose during the Mid-Miocene from Eurasian ancestors and diversified into four subclades: the Salicornia clade, the American Sarcocornia clade, the Eurasian Sarcocornia clade and the South African/Australian Sarcocornia clade. Sarcocornia is supported as paraphyletic, with Salicornia nested within Sarcocornia being sister to the American/Eurasian Sarcocornia clade. The American and the South African/Australian Sarcocornia clade as well as the Salicornia clade were reconstructed to be of Eurasian origin. The prostrate, mat-forming habit arose multiple times in Sarcocornia. CONCLUSIONS Sarcocornia diversified in salt-laden environments worldwide, repeatedly evolving superficially similar prostrate, mat-forming habits that seem advantageous in stressed environments with prolonged flooding, high tidal movement and frost. Some of these prostrate-habit types might be considered as ecotypes (e.g. S. pacifica or S. pillansii) while others represent good ecospecies (e.g. S. perennis, S. decumbens, S. capensis), hence representing different stages of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Steffen
- Institute für Allgemeine und Spezielle Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany, Biology Department, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada and School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley WA 6009, Perth, Australia; Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Peter Ball
- Institute für Allgemeine und Spezielle Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany, Biology Department, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada and School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley WA 6009, Perth, Australia; Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ladislav Mucina
- Institute für Allgemeine und Spezielle Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany, Biology Department, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada and School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley WA 6009, Perth, Australia; Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gudrun Kadereit
- Institute für Allgemeine und Spezielle Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany, Biology Department, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada and School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley WA 6009, Perth, Australia; Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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14
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Teakle NL, Colmer TD, Pedersen O. Leaf gas films delay salt entry and enhance underwater photosynthesis and internal aeration of Melilotus siculus submerged in saline water. Plant Cell Environ 2014; 37:2339-2349. [PMID: 24393094 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A combination of flooding and salinity is detrimental to most plants. We studied tolerance of complete submergence in saline water for Melilotus siculus, an annual legume with superhydrophobic leaf surfaces that retain gas films when under water. M. siculus survived complete submergence of 1 week at low salinity (up to 50 mol m(-3) NaCl), but did not recover following de-submergence from 100 mol m(-3) NaCl. The leaf gas films protected against direct salt ingress into the leaves when submerged in saline water, enabling underwater photosynthesis even after 3 d of complete submergence. By contrast, leaves with the gas films experimentally removed suffered from substantial Na(+) and Cl(-) intrusion and lost the capacity for underwater photosynthesis. Similarly, plants in saline water and without gas films lost more K(+) than those with intact gas films. This study has demonstrated that leaf gas films reduce Na(+) and Cl(-) ingress into leaves when submerged by saline water - the thin gas layer physically separates the floodwater from the leaf surface. This feature aids survival of plants exposed to short-term saline submergence, as well as the previously recognized beneficial effects of gas exchange under water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Lea Teakle
- School of Plant Biology (M084), UWA Institute of Agriculture, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Centre for Ecohydrology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Graduate Research School, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
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15
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Abstract
Low oxygen stress imposed by floods creates a strong selection force shaping plant ecosystems in flood-prone areas. Plants inhabiting these environments adopt various adaptations and survival strategies to cope with increasing water depths. Two Rorippa species, R. sylvestris and R. amphibia that grow in naturally flooded areas, have high submergence tolerance achieved by the so-called quiescence and escape strategies, respectively. In order to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in these strategies, we investigated submergence-induced changes in gene expression in flooded roots of Rorippa species. There was a higher induction of glycolysis and fermentation genes and faster carbohydrate reduction in R. amphibia, indicating a higher demand for energy potentially leading to faster mortality by starvation. Moreover, R. sylvestris showed induction of genes improving submergence tolerance, potentially enhancing survival in prolonged floods. Additionally, we compared transcript profiles of these 2 tolerant species to relatively intolerant Arabidopsis and found that only Rorippa species induced various inorganic pyrophosphate dependent genes, alternatives to ATP demanding pathways, thereby conserving energy, and potentially explaining the difference in flooding survival between Rorippa and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Akman
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of California; Davis, CA USA
| | - Amit Bhikharie
- Experimental Plant Systematics; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology; Institute for Environmental Biology; Utrecht University; Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Mano Y, Omori F. Flooding tolerance in interspecific introgression lines containing chromosome segments from teosinte (Zea nicaraguensis) in maize (Zea mays subsp. mays). Ann Bot 2013; 112:1125-39. [PMID: 23877074 PMCID: PMC3783227 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nicaraguan teosinte (Zea nicaraguensis), a species found in frequently flooded areas, provides useful germplasm for breeding flooding-tolerant maize (Z. mays subsp. mays). The objective of this study was to select flooding-tolerant lines using a library of introgression lines (ILs), each containing a chromosome segment from Z. nicaraguensis in the maize inbred line Mi29. METHODS To produce the ILs, a single F1 plant derived from a cross between maize Mi29 and Z. nicaraguensis was backcrossed to Mi29 three times, self-pollinated four times and genotyped using simple sequence repeat markers. Flooding tolerance was evaluated at the seedling stage under reducing soil conditions. KEY RESULTS By backcrossing and selfing, a series of 45 ILs were developed covering nearly the entire maize genome. Five flooding-tolerant lines were identified from among the ILs by evaluating leaf injury. Among these, line IL#18, containing a Z. nicaraguensis chromosome segment on the long arm of chromosome 4, showed the greatest tolerance to flooding, suggesting the presence of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) in that region. The presence of the QTL was verified by examining flooding tolerance in a population segregating for the candidate region of chromosome 4. There was no significant relationship between the capacity to form constitutive aerenchyma and flooding tolerance in the ILs, indicating the presence of other factors related to flooding tolerance under reducing soil conditions. CONCLUSIONS A flooding-tolerant genotype, IL#18, was identified; this genotype should be useful for maize breeding. In addition, because the chromosome segments of Z. nicaraguensis in the ILs cover nearly the entire genome and Z. nicaraguensis possesses several unique traits related to flooding tolerance, the ILs should be valuable material for additional QTL detection and the development of flooding-tolerant maize lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Mano
- Forage Crop Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 768 Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2793, Japan
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Pedersen O, Colmer TD, Sand-Jensen K. Underwater photosynthesis of submerged plants - recent advances and methods. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:140. [PMID: 23734154 PMCID: PMC3659369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the general background and the recent advances in research on underwater photosynthesis of leaf segments, whole communities, and plant dominated aquatic ecosystems and present contemporary methods tailor made to quantify photosynthesis and carbon fixation under water. The majority of studies of aquatic photosynthesis have been carried out with detached leaves or thalli and this selectiveness influences the perception of the regulation of aquatic photosynthesis. We thus recommend assessing the influence of inorganic carbon and temperature on natural aquatic communities of variable density in addition to studying detached leaves in the scenarios of rising CO2 and temperature. Moreover, a growing number of researchers are interested in tolerance of terrestrial plants during flooding as torrential rains sometimes result in overland floods that inundate terrestrial plants. We propose to undertake studies to elucidate the importance of leaf acclimation of terrestrial plants to facilitate gas exchange and light utilization under water as these acclimations influence underwater photosynthesis as well as internal aeration of plant tissues during submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenHillerød, Denmark
- Institute of Advanced Studies, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy D. Colmer
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kaj Sand-Jensen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenHillerød, Denmark
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18
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Chen X, Huber H, de Kroon H, Peeters AJM, Poorter H, Voesenek LACJ, Visser EJW. Intraspecific variation in the magnitude and pattern of flooding-induced shoot elongation in Rumex palustris. Ann Bot 2009; 104:1057-67. [PMID: 19687030 PMCID: PMC2766193 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intraspecific variation in flooding tolerance is the basic pre-condition for adaptive flooding tolerance to evolve, and flooding-induced shoot elongation is an important trait that enables plants to survive shallow, prolonged flooding. Here an investigation was conducted to determine to what extent variation in flooding-induced leaf elongation exists among and within populations of the wetland species Rumex palustris, and whether the magnitude of elongation can be linked to habitat characteristics. METHODS Offspring of eight genotypes collected in each of 12 populations from different sites (ranging from river mudflats with dynamic flooding regimes to areas with stagnant water) were submerged, and petioles, laminas and roots were harvested separately to measure traits related to elongation and plant growth. KEY RESULTS We found strong elongation of petioles upon submergence, and both among- and within-population variation in this trait, not only in final length, but also in the timing of the elongation response. However, the variation in elongation responses could not be linked to habitat type. CONCLUSIONS Spatio-temporal variation in the duration and depth of flooding in combination with a presumably weak selection against flooding-induced elongation may have contributed to the maintenance of large genetic variation in flooding-related traits among and within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Banach K, Banach AM, Lamers LPM, De Kroon H, Bennicelli RP, Smits AJM, Visser EJW. Differences in flooding tolerance between species from two wetland habitats with contrasting hydrology: implications for vegetation development in future floodwater retention areas. Ann Bot 2009; 103:341-51. [PMID: 18836190 PMCID: PMC2707312 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 06/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants need different survival strategies in habitats differing in hydrological regimes. This probably has consequences for vegetation development when former floodplain areas that are currently confronted with soil flooding only, will be reconnected to the highly dynamical river bed. Such changes in river management are increasingly important, especially at locations where increased water retention can prevent flooding events in developed areas. It is therefore crucial to determine the responses of plant species from relatively low-dynamic wetlands to complete submergence, and to compare these with those of species from river forelands, in order to find out what the effects of such landscape-scale changes on vegetation would be. METHODS To compare the species' tolerance to complete submergence and their acclimation patterns, a greenhouse experiment was designed with a selection of 19 species from two contrasting sites: permanently wet meadows in a former river foreland, and frequently submerged grasslands in a current river foreland. The plants were treated with short (3 weeks) and long (6 weeks) periods of complete submergence, to evaluate if survival, morphological responses, and changes in biomass differed between species of the two habitats. KEY RESULTS All tested species inhabiting river forelands were classified as tolerant to complete submergence, whereas species from wet meadows showed either relatively intolerant, intermediate or tolerant responses. Species from floodplains showed in all treatments stronger shoot elongation, as well as higher production of biomass of leaves, stems, fine roots and taproots, compared with meadow species. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong need for the creation of temporary water retention basins during high levels of river discharge. However, based on the data presented, it is concluded that such reconnection of former wetlands (currently serving as meadows) to the main river bed will strongly influence plant species composition and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Banach
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Artur M. Banach
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon P. M. Lamers
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans De Kroon
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo P. Bennicelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Antoine J. M. Smits
- Centre for Sustainable Management of Resources, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J. W. Visser
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Peña-Fronteras JT, Villalobos MC, Baltazar AM, Merca FE, Ismail AM, Johnson DE. Adaptation to flooding in upland and lowland ecotypes of Cyperus rotundus, a troublesome sedge weed of rice: tuber morphology and carbohydrate metabolism. Ann Bot 2009; 103:295-302. [PMID: 18515404 PMCID: PMC2707299 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In recent years, Cyperus rotundus has become a problem weed in lowland rice (Oryza sativa) grown in rotation with vegetables in the Philippines. As the growth of C. rotundus is commonly suppressed by prolonged flooding, the ability of the weed to grow vigorously in flooded as well as upland conditions suggests that adapted ecotypes occur in these rotations. Studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms that permit C. rotundus to tolerate flooded soil conditions. METHODS Upland and lowland ecotypes of C. rotundus were compared in terms of growth habit, carbohydrate reserves and metabolism, and activities of enzymes involved in alcoholic fermentation - alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC). KEY RESULTS The lowland ecotype has much larger tubers than the upland ecotype. Prior to germination, the amylase activity and total non-structural carbohydrate content in the form of soluble sugars were greater in the tubers of lowland plants than in those of upland C. rotundus. At 24 h after germination in hypoxic conditions, PDC and ADH activities in the lowland plants increased, before decreasing at 48 h following germination. In contrast, ADH and PDC activities in the upland plants increased from 24 to 48 h after germination. CONCLUSIONS Tolerance of lowland C. rotundus of flooding may be attributed to large carbohydrate content and amylase activity, and the ability to maintain high levels of soluble sugars in the tubers during germination and early growth. This is coupled with the modulation of ADH and PDC activities during germination, possibly to control the use of carbohydrate reserves and sustain substrate supply in order to avoid starvation and death of seedlings with prolonged flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florinia E. Merca
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | - David E. Johnson
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
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