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Park H, He H, Yan X, Liu X, Scrutton NS, Chen GQ. PHA is not just a bioplastic! Biotechnol Adv 2024; 71:108320. [PMID: 38272380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have evolved into versatile biopolymers, transcending their origins as mere bioplastics. This extensive review delves into the multifaceted landscape of PHA applications, shedding light on the diverse industries that have harnessed their potential. PHA has proven to be an invaluable eco-conscious option for packaging materials, finding use in films foams, paper coatings and even straws. In the textile industry, PHA offers a sustainable alternative, while its application as a carbon source for denitrification in wastewater treatment showcases its versatility in environmental remediation. In addition, PHA has made notable contributions to the medical and consumer sectors, with various roles ranging from 3D printing, tissue engineering implants, and cell growth matrices to drug delivery carriers, and cosmetic products. Through metabolic engineering efforts, PHA can be fine-tuned to align with the specific requirements of each industry, enabling the customization of material properties such as ductility, elasticity, thermal conductivity, and transparency. To unleash PHA's full potential, bridging the gap between research and commercial viability is paramount. Successful PHA production scale-up hinges on establishing direct supply chains to specific application domains, including packaging, food and beverage materials, medical devices, and agriculture. This review underscores that PHA's future rests on ongoing exploration across these industries and more, paving the way for PHA to supplant conventional plastics and foster a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Park
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; EPSRC/BBSRC Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, BBSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, SYNBIOCHEM, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Hongtao He
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xu Liu
- PhaBuilder Biotech Co. Ltd., Shunyi District, Zhaoquan Ying, Beijing 101309, China
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- EPSRC/BBSRC Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, BBSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, SYNBIOCHEM, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Dept Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Guzmán-Lagunes F, Martínez-dlCruz L, Wongsirichot P, Winterburn J, Montiel C. Production of polyhydroxybutyrate by coupled saccharification-fermentation of inulin. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:119-129. [PMID: 38006410 PMCID: PMC10776465 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Inulin is a fructose-based polysaccharide that can be found in several plant species, from grass and onions to chicory roots; thus, it has the potential to be an excellent renewable source of fructose for several industrial applications. Among them, inulin hydrolysis can be coupled to a fermentation operation to produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) using Cupriavidus necator H16. This work reports the PHB production process involving chicory root inulin hydrolysis using inulinase Novozym 960 followed by a C. necator fermentation. It was found that the maximum saccharification (95% wt.) was reached at 269 U/ginulin after 90 min. The hydrolysates obtained were then inoculated with C. necator, leading to a biomass concentration of 4 g/L with 30% (w/w) polymer accumulation. Although PHB production was low, during the first hours, the cell growth and polymer accumulation detected did not coincide with a fructose concentration decrease, suggesting a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process, potentially alleviating the product inhibition inherent to the inulinase-fructose system. The characterization of the obtained PHB showed a polymer with more homogeneous values of Mw, and better thermal stability than PHB produced using pure fructose as a fermentation substrate. The results obtained demonstrate a viable alternative carbon substrate for PHB production, opening the possibility for inulin-rich renewable feedstock valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Guzmán-Lagunes
- Food Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Martínez-dlCruz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Phavit Wongsirichot
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Winterburn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Carmina Montiel
- Food Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Höhnemann T, Windschiegl I. Influence of Rheological and Morphological Characteristics of Polyhydroxybutyrate on Its Meltblown Process Behavior. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6525. [PMID: 37834662 PMCID: PMC10574176 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a promising biopolymer. However, processing PHB in pure form in thermoplastic processes is limited due to its rapid degradation, very low initial crystallization rate, strong post-crystallization, and its low final stretchability. In this article, we screened commercial PHBs for morphological characteristics, rheological properties, and "performance" in the meltblown process in order to reveal process-relevant properties and overcome the shortcoming of PHB in thermoplastic processes for fiber formation. An evaluation of degradation (extruded (meltblown) material vs. granules) was performed via rheological and SEC analysis. The study revealed large differences in the minimum melt temperature (175 up to 200 °C) and the grade-dependent limitation of accessible throughput on a 500 mm plant. The average fiber diameter could be lowered from around 10 μm to 2.4 μm in median, which are the finest reported values in the literature so far. It was found that the determination of the necessary process temperature can be predicted well from the complex shear viscosity. Different to expectations, it became apparent that a broader initial molar mass distribution (>8) is suitable to overcome the state-of-the art limitations of PHAs in order to stabilize fiber formation, increase the productivity, and obtain better resistance towards thermal degradation in process. Accordingly, longer polymer chain fractions could be more affected by degradation than medium and short polymer chains in the distribution. Further, a low initial narrow distributed molar mass resulted in too brittle fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Höhnemann
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research (DITF), Koerschtalstr. 26, D-73770 Denkendorf, Germany;
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Song L, Wang M, Yu D, Li Y, Yu H, Han X. Enhancing Production of Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Pseudomonas sp. SG4502 by tac Enhancer Insertion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102290. [PMID: 37242866 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas sp. SG4502 screened from biodiesel fuel by-products can synthesize medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) using glycerol as a substrate. It contains a typical PHA class II synthase gene cluster. This study revealed two genetic engineering methods for improving the mcl-PHA accumulation capacity of Pseudomonas sp. SG4502. One way was to knock out the PHA-depolymerase phaZ gene, the other way was to insert a tac enhancer into the upstream of the phaC1/phaC2 genes. Yields of mcl-PHAs produced from 1% sodium octanoate by +(tac-phaC2) and ∆phaZ strains were enhanced by 53.8% and 23.1%, respectively, compared with those produced by the wild-type strain. The increase in mcl-PHA yield from +(tac-phaC2) and ∆phaZ was due to the transcriptional level of the phaC2 and phaZ genes, as determined by RT-qPCR (the carbon source was sodium octanoate). 1H-NMR results showed that the synthesized products contained 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid (3HO), 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3HD) and 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid (3HDD) units, which is consistent with those synthesized by the wild-type strain. The size-exclusion chromatography by GPC of mcl-PHAs from the (∆phaZ), +(tac-phaC1) and +(tac-phaC2) strains were 2.67, 2.52 and 2.60, respectively, all of which were lower than that of the wild-type strain (4.56). DSC analysis showed that the melting temperature of mcl-PHAs produced by recombinant strains ranged from 60 °C to 65 °C, which was lower than that of the wild-type strain. Finally, TG analysis showed that the decomposition temperature of mcl-PHAs synthesized by the (∆phaZ), +(tac-phaC1) and +(tac-phaC2) strains was 8.4 °C, 14.7 °C and 10.1 °C higher than that of the wild-type strain, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxin Song
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Fungal Phenomics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ming Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dengbin Yu
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Fungal Phenomics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu Li
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xuerong Han
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
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Rossi MM, Alfano S, Amanat N, Andreini F, Lorini L, Martinelli A, Petrangeli Papini M. A Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-Biochar Reactor for the Adsorption and Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene: Design and Startup Phase. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050192. [PMID: 35621470 PMCID: PMC9137886 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) and biochar from pine wood (PWB) are used in a mini-pilot scale biological reactor (11.3 L of geometric volume) for trichloroethylene (TCE) removal (80 mgTCE/day and 6 L/day of flow rate). The PHB-biochar reactor was realized with two sequential reactive areas to simulate a multi-reactive permeable barrier. The PHB acts as an electron donor source in the first “fermentative” area. First, the thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed. The PHB-powder and pellets have different purity (96% and 93% w/w) and thermal properties. These characteristics may affect the biodegradability of the biopolymer. In the second reactive zone, the PWB works as a Dehalococcoides support and adsorption material since its affinity for chlorinated compounds and the positive effect of the “coupled adsorption and biodegradation” process has been already verified. A specific dechlorinating enriched culture has been inoculated in the PWB zone to realize a coupled adsorption and biodegradation process. Organic acids were revealed since the beginning of the test, and during the monitoring period the reductive dichlorination anaerobic pathway was observed in the first zone; no chlorinated compounds were detected in the effluent thanks to the PWB adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M. Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (N.A.); (L.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Alfano
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (N.A.); (L.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Neda Amanat
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (N.A.); (L.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.P.)
| | | | - Laura Lorini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (N.A.); (L.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (N.A.); (L.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Marco Petrangeli Papini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (N.A.); (L.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.P.)
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Komiyama K, Omura T, Kabe T, Iwata T. Mechanical properties and highly-ordered structural analysis of elastic poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyvalerate] fibers fabricated by partially melting crystals. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Naser AZ, Deiab I, Darras BM. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), green alternatives to petroleum-based plastics: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17151-17196. [PMID: 35479695 PMCID: PMC9033233 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the fact that petroleum-based plastics are convenient in terms of fulfilling the performance requirements of many applications, they contribute significantly to a number of ecological and environmental problems. Recently, the public awareness of the negative effects of petroleum-based plastics on the environment has increased. The present utilization of natural resources cannot be sustained forever. Furthermore, oil is often subjected to price fluctuations and will eventually be depleted. The increase in the level of carbon dioxide due to the combustion of fossil fuel is causing global warming. Concerns about preservation of natural resources and climate change are considered worldwide motivations for academic and industrial researchers to reduce the consumption and dependence on fossil fuel. Therefore, bio-based polymers are moving towards becoming the favorable option to be utilized in polymer manufacturing, food packaging, and medical applications. This paper represents an overview of the feasibility of both Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as alternative materials that can replace petroleum-based polymers in a wide range of industrial applications. Physical, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of both polymers as well as their permeability and migration properties have been reviewed. Moreover, PLA's recyclability, sustainability, and environmental assessment have been also discussed. Finally, applications in which both polymers can replace petroleum-based plastics have been explored and provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z Naser
- Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - I Deiab
- Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - Basil M Darras
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
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Lorini L, Martinelli A, Capuani G, Frison N, Reis M, Sommer Ferreira B, Villano M, Majone M, Valentino F. Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Produced at Pilot Scale From Different Organic Wastes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:628719. [PMID: 33681164 PMCID: PMC7931994 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.628719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production at pilot scale has been recently investigated and carried out exploiting different process configurations and organic wastes. More in detail, three pilot platforms, in Treviso (North-East of Italy), Carbonera (North-East of Italy) and Lisbon, produced PHAs by open mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) and different organic waste streams: organic fraction of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge (OFMSW-WAS), cellulosic primary sludge (CPS), and fruit waste (FW), respectively. In this context, two stabilization methods have been applied, and compared, for preserving the amount of PHA inside the cells: thermal drying and wet acidification of the biomass at the end of PHA accumulation process. Afterward, polymer has been extracted following an optimized method based on aqueous-phase inorganic reagents. Several PHA samples were then characterized to determine PHA purity, chemical composition, molecular weight, and thermal properties. The polymer contained two types of monomers, namely 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) at a relative percentage of 92.6-79.8 and 7.4-20.2 w/w, respectively, for Treviso and Lisbon plants. On the other hand, an opposite range was found for 3HB and 3HV monomers of PHA from Carbonera, which is 44.0-13.0 and 56.0-87.0 w/w, respectively. PHA extracted from wet-acidified biomass had generally higher viscosity average molecular weights (M v ) (on average 424.8 ± 20.6 and 224.9 ± 21.9 KDa, respectively, for Treviso and Lisbon) while PHA recovered from thermally stabilized dried biomass had a three-fold lower M v .
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Capuani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Frison
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Reis
- Department of Chemistry, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Marianna Villano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Majone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Valentino
- Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, “Ca Foscari” University of Venice, Venice, Italy
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Abstract
Abstract
In the 21st century, additive manufacturing technologies have gained in popularity mainly due to benefits such as rapid prototyping, faster small production runs, flexibility and space for innovations, non-complexity of the process and broad affordability. In order to meet diverse requirements that 3D models have to meet, it is necessary to develop new 3D printing technologies as well as processed materials. This review is focused on 3D printing technologies applicable for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHAs are thermoplastics regarded as a green alternative to petrochemical polymers. The 3D printing technologies presented as available for PHAs are selective laser sintering and fused deposition modeling. Stereolithography can also be applied provided that the molecular weight and functional end groups of the PHA are adjusted for photopolymerization. The chemical and physical properties primarily influence the processing of PHAs by 3D printing technologies. The intensive research for the fabrication of 3D objects based on PHA has been applied to fulfil criteria of rapid and customized prototyping mainly in the medical area.
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Colombo B, Pereira J, Martins M, Torres-Acosta MA, Dias AC, Lemos PC, Ventura SP, Eisele G, Alekseeva A, Adani F, Serafim LS. Recovering PHA from mixed microbial biomass: Using non-ionic surfactants as a pretreatment step. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Müller K, Zollfrank C. Ionic liquid aided solution-precipitation method to prepare polymer blends from cellulose with polyesters or polyamide. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Optimization of Green Extraction and Purification of PHA Produced by Mixed Microbial Cultures from Sludge. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sludge from municipal wastewater treatment systems can be used as a source of mixed microbial cultures for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Stored intracellularly, the PHA is accumulated by some species of bacteria as energy stockpile and can be extracted from the cells by reflux extraction. Dimethyl carbonate was tested as a solvent for the PHA extraction at different extraction times and biomass to solvent ratios, and 1-butanol was tested for purifying the obtained PHA at different purification times and PHA to solvent ratios. Overall, only a very small difference was observed in the different extraction scenarios. An average extraction amount of 30.7 ± 1.6 g of PHA per 100 g of biomass was achieved. After purification with 1-butanol, a visual difference was observed in the PHA between the tested scenarios, although the actual purity of the resulting samples did not present a significant difference. The overall purity increased from 91.2 ± 0.1% to 98.0 ± 0.1%.
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Zhou P, Zou L, Zha S, Yang A, Jiang S, Guan R. Compatibility and thermal decomposition behavior of acrylic block copolymer modified epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Weinmann S, Bonten C. Thermal and rheological properties of modified polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Weinmann
- Institut für KunststofftechnikUniversity of Stuttgart Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Christian Bonten
- Institut für KunststofftechnikUniversity of Stuttgart Stuttgart 70569 Germany
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Schwarz D, Schoenenwald AKJ, Dörrstein J, Sterba J, Kahoun D, Fojtíková P, Vilímek J, Schieder D, Zollfrank C, Sieber V. Biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate from grass silage by a two-stage fermentation process based on an integrated biorefinery concept. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:237-245. [PMID: 30179757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grass silage as a renewable feedstock for an integrated biorefinery includes nutrients and carbon sources directly available in the press juice (PJ) and in lignocellulosic saccharides from the plant framework. Here, a novel two-stage fed-batch fermentation process for biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator DSM 531 is presented. For bacterial growth, nutrient-rich PJ was employed as a fermentation medium, without any supplements. Saccharides derived from the mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis of the press cake (PC) were subjected to a lactic acid fermentation process, before the fermentation products were fed into the polymer accumulation phase. By combination of pH-stat feeding and cell recycling, the PHB content in 22 g L-1 total-dry cells reached 39% after 32 h of cultivation. Using mimicked hydrolyzate of diluted PJ artificially supplemented with glucose and xylose, the resulting cell dry weight of 21 g L-1 contained 42% PHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schwarz
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Amelie K J Schoenenwald
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jörg Dörrstein
- Technical University of Munich, Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jan Sterba
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Kahoun
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Fojtíková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Vilímek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Doris Schieder
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Cordt Zollfrank
- Technical University of Munich, Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
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Badia J, Gil-Castell O, Ribes-Greus A. Long-term properties and end-of-life of polymers from renewable resources. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Spekreijse J, Holgueras Ortega J, Sanders JPM, Bitter JH, Scott EL. Conversion of polyhydroxyalkanoates to methyl crotonate using whole cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:267-272. [PMID: 27023381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Isolated polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) can be used to produce biobased bulk chemicals. However, isolation is complex and costly. To circumvent this, whole cells containing PHA may be used. Here, PHA containing 3-hydroxybutyrate and small amounts of 3-hydroxyvalerate was produced from wastewater and used in the conversion of the 3-hydroxybutyrate monomer to methyl crotonate. Due to the increased complexity of whole cell reaction mixtures compared to pure PHA, the effect of 3-hydroxyvalerate content, magnesium salts and water content was studied in order to evaluate the need for downstream processing. A water content up to 20% and the presence of 3-hydroxyvalerate have no influence on the conversion of the 3-hydroxybutyrate to methyl crotonate. The presence of Mg(2+)-ions resulted either in an increased yield or in byproduct formation depending on the counter ion. Overall, it is possible to bypass a major part of the downstream processing of PHA for the production of biobased chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spekreijse
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Holgueras Ortega
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J P M Sanders
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J H Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E L Scott
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Zhang M, Diao X, Jin Y, Weng Y. Preparation and characterization of biodegradable blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate). JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2015-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) was blended with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) by extrusion at different weight ratios (PHBH/PBAT: 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100). Films were then prepared from the blends and characterized in terms of their morphological, rheological, mechanical and thermal properties. The morphological and rheological results indicated that PHBH/PBAT blends are immiscible but exhibit possible molecular interaction. The crystallization temperature of PHBH in the blends decreased, indicating that the addition of PBAT inhibited the crystallization of PHBH. Blending PBAT with PHBH improved the processability compared with that of pure polymers. The mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength, increased with increasing PBAT content. The PHBH/PBAT 20:80 blend exhibited significantly improved mechanical properties, which was due to the reinforcing and toughening effect of the finely dispersed PHBH phase.
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Clark JM, Pilath HM, Mittal A, Michener WE, Robichaud DJ, Johnson DK. Direct Production of Propene from the Thermolysis of Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). An Experimental and DFT Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:332-45. [PMID: 26698331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a synthetic route toward the production of propene directly from poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), the most common of a wide range of high-molecular-mass microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Propene, a major commercial hydrocarbon, was obtained from the depolymerization of PHB and subsequent decarboxylation of the crotonic acid monomer in good yields (up to 75 mol %). The energetics of PHB depolymerization and the gas-phase decarboxylation of crotonic acid were also studied using density functional theory (DFT). The average activation energy for the cleavage of the R'C(O)O-R linkage is calculated to be 163.9 ± 7.0 kJ mol(-1). Intramolecular, autoacceleration effects regarding the depolymerization of PHB, as suggested in some literature accounts, arising from the formation of crotonyl and carboxyl functional groups in the products could not be confirmed by the results of DFT and microkinetic modeling. DFT results, however, suggest that intermolecular catalysis involving terminal carboxyl groups may accelerate PHB depolymerization. Activation energies for this process were estimated to be about 20 kJ mol(-1) lower than that for the noncatalyzed ester cleavage, 144.3 ± 6.4 kJ mol(-1). DFT calculations predict the decarboxylation of crotonic acid to follow second-order kinetics with an activation energy of 147.5 ± 6.3 kJ mol(-1), consistent with that measured experimentally, 146.9 kJ mol(-1). Microkinetic modeling of the PHB to propene overall reaction predicts decarboxylation of crotonic acid to be the rate-limiting step, consistent with experimental observations. The results also indicate that improvements made to enhance the isomerization of crotonic acid to vinylacetic acid will improve the direct conversion of PHB to propene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Clark
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Heidi M Pilath
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ashutosh Mittal
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - William E Michener
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David J Robichaud
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David K Johnson
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Kwiecień M, Kawalec M, Kurcok P, Kowalczuk M, Adamus G. Selective carboxylate induced thermal degradation of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) – Source of linear uniform 3HB4HB oligomers. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Carrasco F, Cailloux J, Sánchez-Jiménez P, Maspoch M. Improvement of the thermal stability of branched poly(lactic acid) obtained by reactive extrusion. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Carrasco F, Pérez-Maqueda L, Santana O, Maspoch M. Enhanced general analytical equation for the kinetics of the thermal degradation of poly(lactic acid)/montmorillonite nanocomposites driven by random scission. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Laycock B, Halley P, Pratt S, Werker A, Lant P. The chemomechanical properties of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Laycock B, Halley P, Pratt S, Werker A, Lant P. The chemomechanical properties of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Toward the controlled production of oligoesters by microwave-assisted degradation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Novel block copolymers of atactic PHB with natural PHA for cardiovascular engineering: Synthesis and characterization. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kinetics of Nonisothermal Degradation of Some Polymer Composites: Change of Entropy at the Formation of the Activated Complex from the Reagents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1155/2011/605712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studying the nonisothermal kinetics of degradation of rice husks in air or nitrogen atmosphere, polypropylene and tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer filled with different quantities of rice husks flour or the products of its thermal degradation, namely “white” or “black” rice husks ash, a linear dependence was observed between the and , known as the kinetic compensation effect or theta rule. A linear relationship was also established between and the change of the entropy for the formation of the activated complex from the reagents. These dependences are related to the assumption of identical kinetic mechanisms of thermal degradation of the composites studied. The negative values of obtained show that the activated complex is a “more organized” structure than the initial reactants and that these reactions may be classified as “slow” ones. It may be concluded that the products of the thermal degradation of rice husks in a fluidized bed reactor can successfully replace the more expensive synthetic fillers to obtain different polymer composites. These polymer composites can lead to the futuristic “organic-inorganic hybrid materials” with specific properties.
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Molecular weight and thermal properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates produced from fermented sugar molasses by open mixed cultures. J Biotechnol 2010; 147:172-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ariffin H, Nishida H, Hassan MA, Shirai Y. Chemical recycling of polyhydroxyalkanoates as a method towards sustainable development. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:484-92. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Processing of poly(lactic acid): Characterization of chemical structure, thermal stability and mechanical properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shen YX, Zhan MS, Wang K, Li XH, Pan PC. The pyrolysis behaviors of polyimide foam derived from 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride/4,4′-oxydianiline. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rasal RM, Hirt DE. Toughness decrease of PLA-PHBHHx blend films upon surface-confined photopolymerization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 88:1079-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ariffin H, Nishida H, Shirai Y, Hassan MA. Anhydride production as an additional mechanism of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) pyrolysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ariffin H, Nishida H, Shirai Y, Hassan MA. Determination of multiple thermal degradation mechanisms of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bordes P, Pollet E, Bourbigot S, Avérous L. Structure and Properties of PHA/Clay Nano-Biocomposites Prepared by Melt Intercalation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Carrasco F, Pagès P. Thermal degradation and stability of epoxy nanocomposites: Influence of montmorillonite content and cure temperature. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Serafim LS, Lemos PC, Torres C, Reis MAM, Ramos AM. The Influence of Process Parameters on the Characteristics of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Produced by Mixed Cultures. Macromol Biosci 2008; 8:355-66. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hablot E, Bordes P, Pollet E, Avérous L. Thermal and thermo-mechanical degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-based multiphase systems. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Verlinden RAJ, Hill DJ, Kenward MA, Williams CD, Radecka I. Bacterial synthesis of biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:1437-49. [PMID: 17578408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various bacterial species accumulate intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) granules as energy and carbon reserves inside their cells. PHAs are biodegradable, environmentally friendly and biocompatible thermoplastics. Varying in toughness and flexibility, depending on their formulation, they can be used in various ways similar to many nonbiodegradable petrochemical plastics currently in use. They can be used either in pure form or as additives to oil-derived plastics such as polyethylene. However, these bioplastics are currently far more expensive than petrochemically based plastics and are therefore used mostly in applications that conventional plastics cannot perform, such as medical applications. PHAs are immunologically inert and are only slowly degraded in human tissue, which means they can be used as devices inside the body. Recent research has focused on the use of alternative substrates, novel extraction methods, genetically enhanced species and mixed cultures with a view to make PHAs more commercially attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A J Verlinden
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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Dias JML, Lemos PC, Serafim LS, Oliveira C, Eiroa M, Albuquerque MGE, Ramos AM, Oliveira R, Reis MAM. Recent Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Mixed Aerobic Cultures: From the Substrate to the Final Product. Macromol Biosci 2006; 6:885-906. [PMID: 17099863 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Numerous bacteria have been found to exhibit the capacity for intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation. Current methods for PHA production at the industrial scale are based on their synthesis from microbial isolates in either their wild form or by recombinant strains. High production costs are associated with these methods; thus, attempts have been made to develop more cost-effective processes. Reducing the cost of the carbon substrates (e.g., through feeding renewable wastes) and increasing the efficiency of production technologies (including both fermentation and downstream extraction and recovery) are two such examples of these attempts. PHA production processes based on mixed microbial cultures are being investigated as a possible technology to decrease production costs, since no sterilization is required and bacteria can adapt quite well to the complex substrates that may be present in waste material. PHA accumulation by mixed cultures has been found under various operational conditions and configurations at both bench-scale and full-scale production. The process known as "feast and famine" or as "aerobic dynamic feeding" seems to have a high potential for PHA production by mixed cultures. Enriched cultures submitted to a transient carbon supply can synthesize PHA at levels comparable to those of pure cultures. Indeed, the intracellular PHA content can reach around 70% of the cell dry weight, suggesting that this process could be competitive with pure culture PHA production when fully developed. Basic and applied research of the PHA production process by mixed cultures has been carried out in the past decade, focusing on areas such as microbial characterization, process configuration, reactor operational strategies, process modeling and control, and polymer characterization. This paper presents a review of the PHA production process with mixed cultures, encompassing the findings reported in the literature as well as our own experimental results in relation to each of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M L Dias
- Chemistry Department, REQUIMTE/CQFB, FCT/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
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