1
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Convertino F, Carroccio SC, Cocca MC, Dattilo S, Dell'Acqua AC, Gargiulo L, Nizzetto L, Riccobene PM, Schettini E, Vox G, Zannini D, Cerruti P. The fate of post-use biodegradable PBAT-based mulch films buried in agricultural soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174697. [PMID: 39019280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The fate of black biodegradable mulch film (MF) based on starch and poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) in agricultural soil is investigated herein. Pristine (BIO-0) and UV-aged film samples (BIO-A192) were buried for 16 months at an experimental field in southern Italy. Visual, physical, chemical, morphological, and mechanical analyses were carried out before and after samples burial. Film residues in the form of macro- and microplastics in soil were analyzed at the end of the trial. Progressive deterioration of both pristine and UV-aged samples, with surface loss and alterations in mechanical properties, occurred from 42 days of burial. After 478 days, the apparent surface of BIO-0 and BIO-A192 films decreased by 57 % and 66 %, respectively. Burial determined a rapid depletion of starch from the polymeric blend, especially for the BIO-A192, while the degradation of the polyester phase was slower. Upon burial, an enrichment of aromatic moieties of PBAT in the film residues was observed, as well as microplastics release to soil. The analysis of the MF degradation products extracted from soil (0.006-0.008 % by mass in the soil samples) revealed the predominant presence of adipate moieties. After 478 days of burial, about 23 % and 17 % of the initial amount of BIO-0 and BIO-A192, respectively, were extracted from the soil. This comprehensive study underscores the complexity of biodegradation phenomena that involve the new generation of mulch films in the field. The different biodegradability of the polymeric components, the climate, and the soil conditions that did not strictly meet the parameters required for the standard test method devised for MFs, have significantly influenced their degradation rate. This finding further emphasizes the importance of implementing field experiments to accurately assess the real effects of biodegradable MFs on soil health and overall agroecosystem sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Convertino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Carola Carroccio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Cocca
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Sandro Dattilo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Catania, Italy
| | | | - Luca Gargiulo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Maria Riccobene
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Catania, Italy
| | - Evelia Schettini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Vox
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Zannini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "G. Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Genova, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
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2
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Peñas M, Beloqui A, Martínez de Ilarduya A, Suttiruengwong S, Hernández R, Müller AJ. Enzymatic Degradation Behavior of Self-Degradable Lipase-Embedded Aliphatic and Aromatic Polyesters and Their Blends. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4030-4045. [PMID: 38856657 PMCID: PMC11238343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the preparation of novel materials by enzyme-embedding into biopolyesters has been proposed as a straightforward method to produce self-degrading polymers. This paper reports the preparation and enzymatic degradation of extruded self-degradable films of three different biopolyesters: poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), as well as three binary/ternary blends. Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) has been employed for the enzyme-embedding procedure, and to the best of our knowledge, the use of this approach in biopolyester blends has not been reported before. The three homopolymers exhibited differentiated degradation and suggested a preferential attack of CalB on PBS films over PBAT and PLA. Moreover, the self-degradable films obtained from the blends showed slow degradation, probably due to the higher content in PLA and PBAT. These observations pave the way for exploring enzymes capable of degrading all blend components or an enzymatic mixture for blend degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario
Iván Peñas
- Institute
of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
- Polymat
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ana Beloqui
- Polymat
and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Antxon Martínez de Ilarduya
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic University
of Catalonia ETSEIB-UPC, Diagonal 647, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Supakij Suttiruengwong
- Sustainable
Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Rebeca Hernández
- Institute
of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Polymat
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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3
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Eraslan K, Altınbay A, Nofar M. In-situ self-reinforcement of amorphous polylactide (PLA) through induced crystallites network and its highly ductile and toughened PLA/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132936. [PMID: 38848828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Crystallites of a semicrystalline polylactide (cPLA) were induced in an amorphous PLA (aPLA) and its blends with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) to achieve in-situ self-reinforced PLA based structures. The approach involved the melt blending of cPLA as a minor phase with aPLA and its blends with PBAT at processing temperatures below the crystal melting peak of cPLA. An injection molding (IM) process was first adopted to obtain self-reinforced PLA (SR-PLA) structures at aPLA/cPLA weight ratios of 100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20. IM barrel and mold temperatures revealed crucial impacts on preserving the cPLA crystallites and thereby enhancing the final mechanical performance of SR-PLA (i.e., aPLA/cPLA) samples. SR-PLA samples at various aPLA/cPLA weight ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30 were then melt blended with PBAT to produce SR-PLA/PBAT at a given ratio of 85/15. These blends were first prepared in an internal melt mixer (MM) to evaluate the rheological properties. The rheological analysis confirmed the significance of cPLA reinforcing efficiency within SR-PLA and its corresponding blends with PBAT. Similar SR-PLA/PBAT blends were also prepared using the IM process to explore their thermal and mechanical characteristics. The effect of cPLA concentrations in blends was distinctive, leading to significant enhancements in stain at break and toughness values. This was due to the increased crystallite network within the matrix, further refining PBAT droplets. Morphological analysis of the melt-processed blends through MM and IM also revealed that the PBAT droplets were further refined when the IM process was applied. The induced shear during the molding could have further elongated the cPLA crystallites towards a fiberlike structure, which could additionally cause the matrix viscosity to increase and refine the PBAT droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim Eraslan
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Aylin Altınbay
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
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4
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Ayan U, Nouranian S, Majdoub M, Al-Ostaz A, Ucak-Astarlioglu MG, Villacorta BS. Supertoughened Polylactic Acid/Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate Blends Compatibilized with Ethylene-Methyl Acrylate-Glycidyl Methacrylate: Morphology and Mechanical Properties by the Response Surface Methodology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26833-26848. [PMID: 38742590 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Optimized extrusion melt-blending of polylactic acid (PLA) polymer with a minor biopolymeric phase, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and compatibilized with random ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EMA-GMA, Trademark: Lotader AX-8900) led to an outstanding improvement in mechanical properties. At the noncompatibilized PLA-PBAT (80-20) blend point, significant enhancement (∼4500%) in toughness and elongation-at-break was already obtained without compromising any elastic properties. The effect of the compatibilizer content on the mechanical properties of the PLA-PBAT (80-20) blend was investigated by an optimal custom response surface methodology. Thus, 2 wt % Lotader content was determined to be optimal by a numerical optimization methodology with a desirability value, D, of 0.882 to maximize toughness and elongation-at-break. The compatibilization and thermal behavior of the Lotader-modified blends were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Upon adding the compatibilizer, the original phase-separated morphology of the blends changed from PBAT quasi-spherical domains to nearly elongated elliptical ones. It was also found that the interfacial boundary line of the domains faded away, which revealed that interfacial compatibility was achieved. The thermostability of the blends remained largely unaltered following the incorporation of PBAT and Lotader. Moreover, while PBAT exhibited a minor influence on the crystallinity of PLA, Lotader had no discernible impact on crystallinity, as evidenced by the DSC thermograms. Thus, the compatibilizer at the optimal point in the optimized blend ratio led to the formation of a phase-separated morphology that combined internal cavitation, interfacial cavitation, and strong adhesion features at the right proportions in the microstructure which underlies the micromechanisms driving the remarkable enhancement of as much as 7100% in toughness and ductility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsab Ayan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Sasan Nouranian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Mohammed Majdoub
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Ostaz
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Mine G Ucak-Astarlioglu
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199, United States
| | - Byron S Villacorta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Centre for Advanced Material Processing and Manufacturing, School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
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5
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dos Santos Filho EA, Luna CBB, Ferreira EDSB, Siqueira DD, Araújo EM. Production of PLA/NR blends compatibilized with EE-g-GMA and POE-g-GMA: an investigation of mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical properties and morphology. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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6
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Chung HY, Hong JS, Ahn KH. Rheological and mechanical behavior of non‐spherical poly(lactic acid) particles embedded poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Chung
- Institute of Chemical Processes School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Joung Sook Hong
- Institute of Chemical Processes School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Ahn
- Institute of Chemical Processes School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
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7
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Zhang X, Shi J, Zhou J, Nan J. Nucleation effect of cellulose nanocrystals/polybutylene succinate composite filler on polylactic acid/polybutylene succinate blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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An In Situ Experiment to Evaluate the Aging and Degradation Phenomena Induced by Marine Environment Conditions on Commercial Plastic Granules. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061111. [PMID: 35335441 PMCID: PMC8949163 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present two novel experimental setups specifically designed to perform in situ long-term monitoring of the aging behaviour of commercial plastic granules (HDPE, PP, PLA and PBAT). The results of the first six months of a three year monitoring campaign are presented. The two experimental setups consist of: (i) special cages positioned close to the sea floor at a depth of about 10 m, and (ii) a box containing sand exposed to atmospheric agents to simulate the surface of a beach. Starting from March 2020, plastic granules were put into the cages and plunged in seawater and in a sandboxe. Chemical spectroscopic and thermal analyses (GPC, SEM, FTIR-ATR, DSC, TGA) were performed on the granules before and after exposure to natural elements for six months, in order to identify the physical-chemical modifications occurring in marine environmental conditions (both in seawater and in sandy coastal conditions). Changes in colour, surface morphology, chemical composition, thermal properties, molecular weight and polydispersity, showed the different influences of the environmental conditions. Photooxidative reaction pathways were prevalent in the sandbox. Abrasive phenomena acted specially in the sea environment. PLA and PBAT did not show significant degradation after six months, making the possible reduction of marine pollution due to this process negligible.
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9
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Andrade MS, Ishikawa OH, Costa RS, Seixas MV, Rodrigues RC, Moura EA. Development of sustainable food packaging material based on biodegradable polymer reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Morphology and permeability of bio-based poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) blend films control shelf-life of packaged bread. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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dos Santos Filho EA, Luna CBB, Siqueira DD, Ferreira EDSB, Araújo EM. Tailoring Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Properties: Effect of the Impact Modifiers EE-g-GMA and POE-g-GMA. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:136. [PMID: 35012156 PMCID: PMC8747380 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene-octene) grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (POE-g-GMA) and ethylene elastomeric grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (EE-g-GMA) were used as impact modifiers, aiming for tailoring poly(lactic acid) (PLA) properties. POE-g-GMA and EE-g-GMA was used in a proportion of 5; 7.5 and 10%, considering a good balance of properties for PLA. The PLA/POE-g-GMA and PLA/EE-g-GMA blends were processed in a twin-screw extruder and injection molded. The FTIR spectra indicated interactions between the PLA and the modifiers. The 10% addition of EE-g-GMA and POE-g-GMA promoted significant increases in impact strength, with gains of 108% and 140%, respectively. These acted as heterogeneous nucleating agents in the PLA matrix, generating a higher crystallinity degree for the blends. This impacted to keep the thermal deflection temperature (HDT) and Shore D hardness at the same level as PLA. By thermogravimetry (TG), the blends showed increased thermal stability, suggesting a stabilizing effect of the modifiers POE-g-GMA and EE-g-GMA on the PLA matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed dispersed POE-g-GMA and EE-g-GMA particles, as well as the presence of ligand reinforcing the systems interaction. The PLA properties can be tailored and improved by adding small concentrations of POE-g-GMA and EE-g-GMA. In light of this, new environmentally friendly and semi-biodegradable materials can be manufactured for application in the packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Antonio dos Santos Filho
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (C.B.B.L.); (D.D.S.); (E.d.S.B.F.); (E.M.A.)
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12
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Wu S, Wang B, Xu X, Wu C, Hu T, Zheng X, Gong X. Crystallization behavior and isothermal crystallization kinetics of polylactide/polystyrene‐
b
‐polybutadiene‐
b
‐polystyrene blends compatibilized with poly(styrene‐
ran
‐methyl acrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shouang Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Lightweight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Bocheng Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Lightweight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Lightweight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Chonggang Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Lightweight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Tao Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Lightweight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Lightweight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xinghou Gong
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Lightweight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
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13
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Coiai S, Di Lorenzo ML, Cinelli P, Righetti MC, Passaglia E. Binary Green Blends of Poly(lactic acid) with Poly(butylene adipate- co-butylene terephthalate) and Poly(butylene succinate- co-butylene adipate) and Their Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2489. [PMID: 34372090 PMCID: PMC8348712 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most widely produced biobased, biodegradable and biocompatible polyester. Despite many of its properties are similar to those of common petroleum-based polymers, some drawbacks limit its utilization, especially high brittleness and low toughness. To overcome these problems and improve the ductility and the impact resistance, PLA is often blended with other biobased and biodegradable polymers. For this purpose, poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) are very advantageous copolymers, because their toughness and elongation at break are complementary to those of PLA. Similar to PLA, both these copolymers are biodegradable and can be produced from annual renewable resources. This literature review aims to collect results on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends, as binary blends with and without addition of coupling agents. The effect of different compatibilizers on the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends properties is here elucidated, to highlight how the PLA toughness and ductility can be improved and tuned by using appropriate additives. In addition, the incorporation of solid nanoparticles to the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends is discussed in detail, to demonstrate how the nanofillers can act as morphology stabilizers, and so improve the properties of these PLA-based formulations, especially mechanical performance, thermal stability and gas/vapor barrier properties. Key points about the biodegradation of the blends and the nanocomposites are presented, together with current applications of these novel green materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coiai
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council—Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council—Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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14
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Saiprasit P, Schlarb AK. The Effect of the Compounding Procedure on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of PLA/PBAT-Based Nanocomposites. INT POLYM PROC 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2020-4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)-based nanocomposites filled with 1 vol.% silicon dioxide nanoparticles (nano-SiO2) were prepared using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and injection molding. The nanocomposites with various blending sequences were investigated using PLA-based and PBAT-based nanocomposite masterbatches. Morphology of the PLA/PBAT/SiO2 nanocomposites was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a focused ion beam (FIB) SEM. It is found that the nano-SiO2 locates in the original polymer phase, in which it is firstly incorporated in the masterbatch process, as well as at the interface between the two polymers. However, as the residence time in the extrusion process increases, the nanoparticles migrate from the original phase to the interface, governed by the thermodynamic driving force. The best optimization of mechanical properties is achieved by using the PBAT-based masterbatches with a one-step process or short residence time. The processing history, therefore, has a tremendous impact on the final properties of the resulting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Saiprasit
- Lehrstuhl für Verbundwerkstoffe, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern , Germany
| | - A. K. Schlarb
- Lehrstuhl für Verbundwerkstoffe, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern , Germany
- OPTIMAS-Landesforschungszentrum, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern , Germany
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao , PRC
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15
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Jun Shao, Tang J, Pu S, Hou H. Crystallization Behavior of Homochiral Polymer in Poly(L-lactic acid)/Poly(D-lactic acid) Asymmetric Blends: Effect of Melting States. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x2103010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Gigante V, Aliotta L, Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Botta L, La Mantia FP, Lazzeri A. Fracture behavior and mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of biodegradable films extruded by flat die and calender. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Luigi Botta
- Department of Engineering, RU INSTM of Palermo University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy
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17
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Souza AG, Ferreira RR, Harada J, Rosa DS. Field performance on lettuce crops of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/polylactic acid as alternative biodegradable composites mulching films. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alana G. Souza
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas CECS/Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) Santo André Brazil
| | - Rafaela R. Ferreira
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas CECS/Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) Santo André Brazil
| | - Julio Harada
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas CECS/Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) Santo André Brazil
| | - Derval S. Rosa
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas CECS/Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) Santo André Brazil
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18
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Pietrosanto A, Scarfato P, Di Maio L, Nobile MR, Incarnato L. Evaluation of the Suitability of Poly(Lactide)/Poly(Butylene-Adipate- co-Terephthalate) Blown Films for Chilled and Frozen Food Packaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040804. [PMID: 32260170 PMCID: PMC7240708 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biopolymers can reduce the environmental impact generated by plastic materials. Among biopolymers, blends made of poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) prove to have adequate performances for food packaging applications. Therefore, the present work deals with the production and the characterization of blown films based on PLA and PBAT blends in a wide range of compositions, in order to evaluate their suitability as chilled and frozen food packaging materials, thus extending their range of applications. The blends were fully characterized: they showed the typical two-phase structure, with a morphology varying from fibrillar to globular in accordance with their viscosity ratio. The increase of PBAT content in the blends led to a decrease of the barrier properties to oxygen and water vapor, and to an increase of the toughness of the films. The mechanical properties of the most ductile blends were also evaluated at 4 °C and -25 °C. The decrease in temperature caused an increase of the stiffness and a decrease of the ductility of the films to a different extent, depending upon the blend composition. The blend with 40% of PLA revealed to be a good candidate for chilled food packaging applications, while the blend with a PLA content of 20% revealed to be the best composition as frozen food packaging material.
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19
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Fernández MJ, Fernández MD. Effect of Organic Modifier and Clay Content on Non-Isothermal Cold Crystallization and Melting Behavior of Polylactide/Organovermiculite Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020364. [PMID: 32046008 PMCID: PMC7077447 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In clay/polymer nanocomposites, the crystallization behavior and kinetics of the polymer can be affected by the presence of clay, its content and the degree of miscibility between the clay and the polymer matrix. The effect of two different organomodified vermiculites on the non-isothermal cold crystallization and melting behavior of polylactide (PLA) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the presence of vermiculites, the cold crystallization of PLA occurred earlier, particularly for the highest content of the most miscible organovermiculite with PLA. The cold crystallinity of PLA decreased at low heating rates, notably at high organoclay loadings, and increased at high heating rates, especially at low vermiculite contents. According to the crystallization half-time, crystallization rate coefficient (CRC), and crystallization rate parameter (CRP) approaches, the cold crystallization rate of PLA increased by incorporating vermiculites, with the effect being most noteworthy for the vermiculite showing better compatibility. The Mo model was successful in describing the non-isothermal cold crystallization kinetics of the PLA/vermiculite composites. The melting behavior was affected by the heating rate and the type and content of clay. The nucleating effect of the most compatible clay resulted in the less perfect crystallites. The activation energy was evaluated using the Kissinger and Takhor methods.
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20
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Ting Gu, Zhu D, Lu Y, Lu S. Effect of PLA-g-GMA on the Thermal, Rheological and Physical Behavior of PLA/PBAT Blends. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Exploring polylactide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/rare earth complexes biodegradable light conversion agricultural films. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:210-221. [PMID: 30641191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, rare earth europium was combined with different organic ligands to obtain two kinds of rare earth conversion agents, Eu(DBM)4CPC and Eu(TTA)3(TPPO)2. Two kinds of conversion films were successfully prepared by combining them with polylactide and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate). Results showed that the film has excellent light conversion ability and high color purity, and rare earth complexes improved melt flowing property and decreased melt viscosity of blend. At the same time, the elongation at break of the film increased greatly, which could up to 595.0/460.9% in the both machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD). The results of GPC show that rare earth complexes can make main chain of PLA scission, which causes rapid molecular weight reduction, and the effect of Eu(DBM)4CPC on the molecular weight of PLA was more significant than Eu(TTA)3(TPPO)2. SEM shows that the complicity of PLA and PBAT has been improved, the dispersed phase of the blend is more uniform. DSC shows that both rare earth complexes can improve the crystallization capacity of PLA. And with the addition of cetylpyridinium chloride could improve the compatibility of rare earth complexes and polymer materials, the light transmittance and hydrophilicity of the film also increased obviously.
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22
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Barbosa JDV, Azevedo JB, Araújo EM, Machado BAS, Hodel KVS, Mélo TJAD. Bionanocomposites of PLA/PBAT/organophilic clay: preparation and characterization. POLIMEROS 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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23
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Poly (lactic acid) blends: Processing, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:307-360. [PMID: 30528997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) is a commercial biobased, biodegradable, biocompatible, compostable and non-toxic polymer that has competitive material and processing costs and desirable mechanical properties. Thereby, it can be considered favorably for biomedical applications and as the most promising substitute for petroleum-based polymers in a wide range of commodity and engineering applications. However, PLA has some significant shortcomings such as low melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, high brittleness, low toughness, and low service temperature, which limit its applications. To overcome these limitations, blending PLA with other polymers is an inexpensive approach that could also tailor the final properties of PLA-based products. During the last two decades, researchers investigated the synthesis, processing, properties, and development of various PLA-based blend systems including miscible blends of poly l-lactide (PLLA) and poly d-lactide (PDLA), which generate stereocomplex crystals, binary immiscible/miscible blends of PLA with other thermoplastics, multifunctional ternary blends using a third polymer or fillers such as nanoparticles, as well as PLA-based blend foam systems. This article reviews all these investigations and compares the syntheses/processing-morphology-properties interrelationships in PLA-based blends developed so far for various applications.
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Ai X, Li X, Yu Y, Pan H, Yang J, Wang D, Yang H, Zhang H, Dong L. The Mechanical, Thermal, Rheological and Morphological Properties of PLA/PBAT Blown Films by Using Bis(tert-butyl dioxy isopropyl) Benzene as Crosslinking Agent. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ai
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Yinlei Yu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Lisong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun People's Republic of China
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25
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Rapid preparation and continuous processing of polylactide stereocomplex crystallite below its melting point. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Ding Y, Feng W, Lu B, Wang P, Wang G, Ji J. PLA-PEG-PLA tri-block copolymers: Effective compatibilizers for promotion of the interfacial structure and mechanical properties of PLA/PBAT blends. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Ding Y, Lu B, Wang P, Wang G, Ji J. PLA-PBAT-PLA tri-block copolymers: Effective compatibilizers for promotion of the mechanical and rheological properties of PLA/PBAT blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Tabasi RY, Ajji A. Tailoring Heat-Seal Properties of Biodegradable Polymers through Melt Blending. INT POLYM PROC 2017. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we address heat-seal properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA), blended with Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The objective is to correlate blends crystalline structure and morphology to corresponding heat-seal of blends films. The SEM micrographs show a two-phase elongated morphology where stretched ellipsoids developed through elongational flow during the cast film process. To distinguish the effect of crystallization, we also prepared amorphous and crystalline PBAT films and then compared them to blends with PLA. Heat-sealed areas were created by putting film surfaces in intimate contact for 1 s at the pressure of 0.5 N/mm2 or Pa and in the temperature range of 70 to 140 °C. Thermal analysis shows that the crystalline structure of PBAT has a significant effect on shifting its heat-seal initiation temperature (Tsi) up to 20 °C. Regarding the blends, incorporation of PBAT as a dispersed phase lowers Tsi of blend samples. Here, gradual decrease in PBAT crystallinity caused by the hindering effect of PLA rigid molecules correlates with the shift in heat-seal initiation temperature. As mentioned above, elongated disperse morphology with higher aspect ratio of the dispersed phase compared to spherical dispersed domain, is formed through film cast process. This enhances the adhesion process by providing higher contact area. The blends also show higher toughness and better puncture resistance, which is an asset for flexible packaging applications and would enhance the mechanical performance of the seal layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Y. Tabasi
- Chemical Engineering Department , Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - A. Ajji
- Chemical Engineering Department , Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC , Canada
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29
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Mat Taib R, Tham CY. Isothermal crystallization kinetics and spherulite morphologies of poly(lactic acid)/ethylene acrylate copolymer blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razaina Mat Taib
- Polymer Engineering Division, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Penang 14300 Malaysia
| | - Cho Yin Tham
- Polymer Engineering Division, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Penang 14300 Malaysia
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30
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31
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Walha F, Lamnawar K, Maazouz A, Jaziri M. Biosourced blends based on poly (lactic acid) and polyamide 11: Structure-properties relationships and enhancement of film blowing processability. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Walha
- Laboratoire Electrochimie et Environnement; ENIS; Université de Sfax; Sfax Tunisia
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP; UMR 5223; INSA Lyon; University of Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Khalid Lamnawar
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP; UMR 5223; INSA Lyon; University of Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Abderrahim Maazouz
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP; UMR 5223; INSA Lyon; University of Lyon; Villeurbanne France
- Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology; Rabat Morocco
| | - Mohamed Jaziri
- Laboratoire Electrochimie et Environnement; ENIS; Université de Sfax; Sfax Tunisia
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32
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Nofar M, Tabatabaei A, Sojoudiasli H, Park C, Carreau P, Heuzey MC, Kamal M. Mechanical and bead foaming behavior of PLA-PBAT and PLA-PBSA blends with different morphologies. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Javidi Z, Hosseini SF, Rezaei M. Development of flexible bactericidal films based on poly(lactic acid) and essential oil and its effectiveness to reduce microbial growth of refrigerated rainbow trout. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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34
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Wang LF, Rhim JW, Hong SI. Preparation of poly(lactide)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blend films using a solvent casting method and their food packaging application. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Mechanical properties and shape memory effect of 3D-printed PLA-based porous scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 57:139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Haddad T, Noel S, Liberelle B, El Ayoubi R, Ajji A, De Crescenzo G. Fabrication and surface modification of poly lactic acid (PLA) scaffolds with epidermal growth factor for neural tissue engineering. BIOMATTER 2016; 6:e1231276. [PMID: 27740881 PMCID: PMC5098722 DOI: 10.1080/21592535.2016.1231276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to design biomaterials that may promote repair of the central nervous system, 3-dimensional scaffolds made of electrospun poly lactic acid nanofibers with interconnected pores were fabricated. These scaffolds were functionalized with polyallylamine to introduce amine groups by wet chemistry. Experimental conditions of the amination protocol were thoroughly studied and selected to introduce a high amount of amine group while preserving the mechanical and structural properties of the scaffold. Subsequent covalent grafting of epidermal growth factor was then performed to further tailor these aminated structures. The scaffolds were then tested for their ability to support Neural Stem-Like Cells (NSLCs) culture. Of interest, NSLCs were able to proliferate on these EGF-grafted substrates and remained viable up to 14 d even in the absence of soluble growth factors in the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanit Haddad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - Samantha Noel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - Benoît Liberelle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | | | - Abdellah Ajji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada
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37
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Liao F, Ju Y, Dai X, Cao Y, Li J, Wang X. A novel efficient polymeric flame retardant for poly (lactic acid) (PLA): Synthesis and its effects on flame retardancy and crystallization of PLA. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Morphology, miscibility and continuity development in poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Park SY, Chun J, Jeon JY, Lee PC, Hwang Y, Song BG, Ramos R, Ryu CY, Lee BY. Branched poly(1,4-butylene carbonate-co
-terephthalate)s: LDPE-like semicrystalline thermoplastics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yeon Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Jiseul Chun
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Jong Yeob Jeon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Pyung Cheon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Yongtaek Hwang
- Catalyst Research Team 5th; Research Institute; Lotte Chemical Corporation; Daejeon 305-726 Korea
| | - Bo Geun Song
- Catalyst Research Team 5th; Research Institute; Lotte Chemical Corporation; Daejeon 305-726 Korea
| | - Rafael Ramos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
| | - Chang Y. Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
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40
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Lee DY, Lee SH, Cho MS, Nam JD, Lee Y. Facile fabrication of highly flexible poly(lactic acid) film using alternate multilayers of poly[(butylene adipate)-co-terephthalate]. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deuk-Young Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
- Advanced Technology R&D Center, SKC Co. Ltd; 440-301 Suwon Korea
| | - Sang Ha Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
| | - Mi Suk Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
| | - Jae Do Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
| | - Youngkwan Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
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41
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Effect of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene on flow behavior and mechanical properties of polylactic acid/low density polyethylene blend. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Heat Treatment Effects on the Mechanical Properties and Morphologies of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Poly (Butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends. INT J POLYM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/951696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the relationships between mechanicals properties and morphology of the poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends with or without heat treatment were investigated. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that blends have a two-phase structure indicating that they are immiscible. On the other hand, the PLA/PBAT (30/70) blend achieved the best tensile and impact strength because of its sea-island morphology, except for high PBAT content. The PLA/PBAT (70/30) and PLA/PBAT (50/50) blends showed irregular and directive-layer morphologies, in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, producing a break cross-section with various fiber shapes. Both blends showed lower tensile strength and impact strength than the PLA/PBAT (30/70). After heat treatment, the PLA/PBAT blends showed high modulus of tensile and HDT because of a high degree of crystallization. The high degree of crystallization in the blends, which originated in the heat treatment, reduced their impact strength and elongation. However, the effect of high degree of crystallization on the PLA/PBAT (30/70) blend was small because of its sea-island morphology.
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43
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44
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Hamad K, Kaseem M, Deri F. Poly(lactic acid)/low density polyethylene polymer blends: preparation and characterization. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotiba Hamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Materials Rheology (LMR); University of Damascus; Damascus; Syria
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45
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Wang Y, Chiao SM, Hung T, Yang S. Improvement in toughness and heat resistance of poly(lactic acid)/polycarbonate blend through twin‐screw blending: Influence of compatibilizer type. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407, Republic of China
| | - S. M. Chiao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407, Republic of China
| | - T.‐F. Hung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407, Republic of China
| | - S.‐Y. Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407, Republic of China
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46
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Phetwarotai W, Potiyaraj P, Aht-Ong D. Characteristics of biodegradable polylactide/gelatinized starch films: Effects of starch, plasticizer, and compatibilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Quero E, Müller AJ, Signori F, Coltelli MB, Bronco S. Isothermal Cold-Crystallization of PLA/PBAT Blends With and Without the Addition of Acetyl Tributyl Citrate. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sirisinha K, Somboon W. Melt characteristics, mechanical, and thermal properties of blown film from modified blends of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and poly(lactide). J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Taib RM, Ghaleb ZA, Mohd Ishak ZA. Thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of polylactic acid toughened with an impact modifier. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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