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Wang L, Li D, Ye L, Zhi C, Zhang T, Miao M. Development of a self-reinforced starch-derived film with biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Food Chem 2024; 447:138974. [PMID: 38489880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The scraps produced while processing packaging materials will cause a waste of resources. In this study, starch-based self-reinforced film (SSRF) using thermoplastic starch (TPS, 45 wt%) and polypropylene (PP, 53 wt%) was developed. The effect of extrusion times (1-4 times) on the film structure and performance was explored. The results show as the number of extrusions increases, the color of SSRF deepens from gray-white to brown, and the crystallinity increases. The mechanical properties of the four types of SSRF first increase and then decrease. The 2-SSRF has the best performance, with tensile strength of 13.23 MPa, elongation at break of 61.35%, Young's modulus of 1128.99 MPa, and flexural strength of 33.19 MPa. Proper extrusion improves the compatibility of TPS and PP. However, repeated extrusion will cause PP degradation and TPS carbonization, reducing interfacial interaction. This study developed new starch-based self-reinforced film and provided theoretical guidance for reusing packaging material scraps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dexiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Jiangsu Longjun Environmental Protection Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, PR China
| | - Chaohui Zhi
- Jiangsu Longjun Environmental Protection Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Stepczyńska M, Rytlewski P, Moraczewski K, Pawłowska A, Karasiewicz T. Novel Biocomposite of Starch and Flax Fiber Modified with Tannic Acid with Biocidal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1108. [PMID: 38675027 PMCID: PMC11054732 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to develop novel biocomposites with biocidal properties in microorganisms, with enhanced mechanical strength and hydrophobicity as well as with increased biodegradation rates. The main idea and the novelty of this work was to use cross-linking compounds and, at the same time, biocidal compounds-natural compounds of plant origin with biocidal properties. The authors assumed that the modification of flax fiber by natural plant compound will reduce the hydrophilicity of novel biocompositie. Biopolymer based on thermoplastic starch reinforced with flax fibres modified with tannic acid (TA) was prepared by extrusion and injection molding processes. The effects of TA modification on the mechanical and structural properties of biocomposites were analyzed through DMA, tensile tests, DSC, and TG. The biocidal and wettability properties of the biocomposites were investigated. The article also discusses the outcomes of research conducted on the structural characteristics and rates of the biodegradation of biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stepczyńska
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Jana Karola Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.R.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (T.K.)
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Khankrua R, Wiriya-Amornchai A, Triamnak N, Suttiruengwong S. Biopolymer blends based on poly(lactic acid) and polyamide for durable applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2096470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rattikarn Khankrua
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Atiwat Wiriya-Amornchai
- Materials and Processing Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Rayong Campus, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Narit Triamnak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Supakij Suttiruengwong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Halim NHA, Romli AZ, Yuhana NY, Zawawi EZE. Studies on the properties of different blending ratios of polypropylene and poly-lactide acid blends. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ANALYTICS (ACIA-2022) 2023. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0126790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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5
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Muhammad Ghozali, Triwulandari E, Restu WK, Meliana Y, Haryono A. Synthesis of Polyethylene Glycol-9,10-dihydroxy Monostearate as Palm Oil-Based Polyol and Its Application on the Preparation of Polylactic acid/Polyurethane Block Copolymer. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x23700621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Sharma S, Sudhakara P, Singh J, Ilyas RA, Asyraf MRM, Razman MR. Critical Review of Biodegradable and Bioactive Polymer Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2623. [PMID: 34451161 PMCID: PMC8399915 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the determination of the bioavailability of drugs administered orally, the drugs' solubility and permeability play a crucial role. For absorption of drug molecules and production of a pharmacological response, solubility is an important parameter that defines the concentration of the drug in systemic circulation. It is a challenging task to improve the oral bioavailability of drugs that have poor water solubility. Most drug molecules are either poorly soluble or insoluble in aqueous environments. Polymer nanocomposites are combinations of two or more different materials that possess unique characteristics and are fused together with sufficient energy in such a manner that the resultant material will have the best properties of both materials. These polymeric materials (biodegradable and other naturally bioactive polymers) are comprised of nanosized particles in a composition of other materials. A systematic search was carried out on Web of Science and SCOPUS using different keywords, and 485 records were found. After the screening and eligibility process, 88 journal articles were found to be eligible, and hence selected to be reviewed and analyzed. Biocompatible and biodegradable materials have emerged in the manufacture of therapeutic and pharmacologic devices, such as impermanent implantation and 3D scaffolds for tissue regeneration and biomedical applications. Substantial effort has been made in the usage of bio-based polymers for potential pharmacologic and biomedical purposes, including targeted deliveries and drug carriers for regulated drug release. These implementations necessitate unique physicochemical and pharmacokinetic, microbiological, metabolic, and degradation characteristics of the materials in order to provide prolific therapeutic treatments. As a result, a broadly diverse spectrum of natural or artificially synthesized polymers capable of enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrolyzing, or enzyme decomposition are being explored for biomedical purposes. This summary examines the contemporary status of biodegradable naturally and synthetically derived polymers for biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, bioengineering, targeted drug discovery and delivery, implantation, and wound repair and healing. This review presents an insight into a number of the commonly used tissue engineering applications, including drug delivery carrier systems, demonstrated in the recent findings. Due to the inherent remarkable properties of biodegradable and bioactive polymers, such as their antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, certain materials have gained significant interest in recent years. These systems are also actively being researched to improve therapeutic activity and mitigate adverse consequences. In this article, we also present the main drug delivery systems reported in the literature and the main methods available to impregnate the polymeric scaffolds with drugs, their properties, and their respective benefits for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Sharma
- Regional Centre for Extension and Development, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Leather Complex, Kapurthala Road, Jalandhar 144021, India
- PhD Research Scholar, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Kapurthala, Highway, VPO, Ibban 144603, India
| | - P. Sudhakara
- Regional Centre for Extension and Development, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Leather Complex, Kapurthala Road, Jalandhar 144021, India
| | - Jujhar Singh
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Kapurthala, Highway, VPO, Ibban 144603, India;
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - M. R. Razman
- Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Cordeiro E, Lopes Pereira EC, Silva AA, Soares BG. Polypropylene/poly(lactic acid)/carbon nanotube semi‐biodegradable nanocomposites: The effect of sequential mixing approach and compatibilization on morphology, rheology and electrical conductivity. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisangela Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Macromoléculas, Centro de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Elaine C. Lopes Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, COPPE ‐ Departamento de Engenharia Metalurgica e de Materiais, Centro de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Adriana Anjos Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Química, Departamento de Processos Orgânicos, Centro de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Bluma Guenther Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Macromoléculas, Centro de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, COPPE ‐ Departamento de Engenharia Metalurgica e de Materiais, Centro de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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8
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The Impact of the Addition of Compatibilizers on Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) Properties after Extrusion Process. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112688. [PMID: 33202587 PMCID: PMC7697721 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA), due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and renewability, is one of the most promising biobased polymers for replacing some of the petrol-based materials. Low flexibility of PLA is overcome, by blending it with olefin-based polymers, such as polypropylene (PP). However, the use of compatibilizing agents is required to attain final materials with suitable mechanical properties. Such agents, although essential, can affect PLA structure and, consequently, the mechanical properties of the PLA. To the best of our knowledge, this issue was never studied, and the results can contribute to achieving the best formulations of PLA-based blends according to their final applications. The thermal and mechanical properties of the extruded PLA, with three different commercial compatibilizing agents, were evaluated with the purpose of demonstrating how the compatibilizers can introduce structural differences into the PLA chain during the extrusion process. The combination of crystallinity, molecular weight, and the morphology of the samples after extrusion determines the final mechanical properties of PLA. Despite being a fundamental study, it is our aim to contribute to the sustainability of PLA-based industries. The addition of a 2.5% concentration of C1 compatibilizer seems to have less influence on the final morphology and mechanical properties of the blends.
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Chen X, Xia T, Zhang A, Niu X. Effect of Poly (vinyl methyl ether) on the Miscibility, Crystallization and Rheology of Poly(L-lactide)/Poly (methyl methacrylate) Blends. J MACROMOL SCI B 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2020.1813947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Xia
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Anxin Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Niu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
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10
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Sable S, Ahuja S, Bhunia H. Biodegradation kinetic modeling of acrylic acid-grafted polypropylene during thermophilic phase of composting. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Yang H, Cai Z, Liu H, Cao Z, Xia Y, Ma W, Gong F, Tao G, Liu C. Compatibilization of polypropylene/poly(glycolic acid) blend with maleated poe/attapulgite hybrid compatibilizer: Evaluation of mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological characteristics. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haicun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering (Changzhou University) Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zinan Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Haotian Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering (Changzhou University) Changzhou Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of EducationDonghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yanping Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Wenzhong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering (Changzhou University) Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Fanghong Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- School of Mechanical TechnologyWuxi Institute of Technology Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Guoliang Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering (Changzhou University) Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering (Changzhou University) Changzhou Jiangsu China
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12
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Karimpour‐Motlagh N, Khonakdar HA, Jafari SH, Panahi‐Sarmad M, Javadi A, Shojaei S, Goodarzi V. An experimental and theoretical mechanistic analysis of thermal degradation of polypropylene/polylactic acid/clay nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Karimpour‐Motlagh
- Department of ProcessingIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute PO Box 14965/115 Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Department of ProcessingIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute PO Box 14965/115 Tehran Iran
- Reactive ProcessingLeibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden D‐01067 Dresden Germany
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of Tehran PO Box 11155‐4563 Tehran Iran
| | - Mahyar Panahi‐Sarmad
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical EngineeringTarbiat Modares University PO Box 14115‐114 Tehran Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Azizeh Javadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and ColorAmirkabir University of Technology PO Box 15875‐4413 Tehran Iran
| | - Shahrokh Shojaei
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringIslamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch PO Box 13185/768 Tehran Iran
- Stem cells Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine InstituteIslamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch PO Box 13185‐768 Tehran Iran
| | - Vahabodin Goodarzi
- Applied Biotechnology Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical Science PO Box 19945‐546 Tehran Iran
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Sable S, Mandal DK, Ahuja S, Bhunia H. Biodegradation kinetic modeling of oxo-biodegradable polypropylene/polylactide/nanoclay blends and composites under controlled composting conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109186. [PMID: 31415925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene/polylactide/nanoclay blend/composite films with/without pro-oxidants/compatibilizer were prepared and aerobically degraded to measure the CO2 evolution under controlled composting conditions as per ASTM D 5338. A first-order Komilis model in series with a flat lag phase was postulated involving two stages; hydrolysis of solid carbon followed by its rapid mineralization. The first, rate-limiting stage further comprised of three possible parallel paths: the solid hydrolysis of readily, moderately, and slowly hydrolyzable carbon fractions. The model parameters were computed after correlating with the experimental data using nonlinear regression analysis. The results of the model characteristic parameters, un-degraded/hydrolyzable/mineralisable-intermediate carbon kinetics, and degradation curves exhibit two distinct kinetic regimes. The first regime comprising of slowly and moderately hydrolyzable carbon is shown by the first four films without pro-oxidants. This causes low degradability and degradation rate. The second regime comprising of the readily and moderately hydrolyzable carbon is shown by another four films containing pro-oxidants. They exhibit relatively high degradability and degradation rate, which peaks at around 11-14th day in the range of 0.219-0.268% per day. The values of their moderately hydrolyzable carbon fractions and the corresponding hydrolysis rates are significantly higher than that of the first regime. For the first regime, the degradability and degradation rate decreases with increase in the slowly hydrolyzable carbon impervious to microbial attack. Their degradation rate profiles show an absence of growth phase due to the absence of readily hydrolyzable carbon. The rate decreases monotonously starting from the maximum value ranging from 0.043 to 0.180% per day. The approach presented can also be implemented to model and design equipment for other waste biodegradation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Sable
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, (Deemed to be University), Bhadson Road, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India.
| | - Dev K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deemed to Be University Under MHRD, Govt of India, Longowal, 148106, Punjab, India.
| | - Sanjeev Ahuja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, (Deemed to be University), Bhadson Road, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India.
| | - Haripada Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, (Deemed to be University), Bhadson Road, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India.
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14
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Li J, Wang Y, Wang X, Wu D. Development of Polyoxymethylene/Polylactide Blends for a Potentially Biodegradable Material: Crystallization Kinetics, Lifespan Prediction, and Enzymatic Degradation Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1516. [PMID: 31540459 PMCID: PMC6780351 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reported the development of polyoxymethylene (POM)/polylactide (PLA) blends for a potentially biodegradable material. A series of POM/PLA blends at different weight ratios were prepared by melt extrusion with a twin-screw extruder, and their mechanical properties, crystallization behavior and kinetics, thermal degradation kinetics and stability, lifespan prediction and enzymatic degradation behavior were investigated extensively. POM and PLA were found to be partially miscible in the melt state at low temperature and become phase-separated at elevated temperatures, and their blends exhibited a typical lower critical solution temperature behavior. There were two distinct glass transition temperatures (Tg) observed for POM/PLA blends at any mass ratios when quenched from the homogeneous state, and both POM and PLA domains showed an apparent depression in their respective Tg's in the blends. Owing to the partial miscibility between two domains, the tensile strength and impact toughness of POM/PLA blends gradually decreased with an increase of PLA content, but their flexural strength and modulus presented an increasing trend with PLA content. The studies on non-isothermal and isothermal crystallization behaviors of the blends indicated that the crystallization rates of the blends decreased continually with increasing the PLA content, confirming that the crystallization of POM domain was controlled by the molecular-confined mechanism. The introduction of PLA into POM not only led to a slight increase of thermal stability of POM domain at low PLA contents but also shortened the lifespan of the blends, favoring the natural degradation of the blends. The POM/PLA blends exhibited an improvement in partially biodegradable performance with an increase of PLA content and their mass loss reached up to 25.3 wt % at the end of 48-h enzymatic degradation when 50 wt % of PLA was incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Coal Chemical R & D Center, Kailuan Group Limited Liability Corporation, Tangshan 063018, China.
| | - Yatao Wang
- Coal Chemical R & D Center, Kailuan Group Limited Liability Corporation, Tangshan 063018, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Dezhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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15
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Chaudry UM, Hamad K. Fabrication and characterization of PLA/PP/ABS ternary blend. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umer M. Chaudry
- School of Advanced Materials Science & EngineeringSungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - Kotiba Hamad
- School of Advanced Materials Science & EngineeringSungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
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16
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The Role of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in the Mechanical, Thermal, Rheological, and Electrical Properties of PP/PLA/MWCNTs Nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs3030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polypropylene/polylactic acid (PP/PLA) blend (10–40% of PLA) and PP/PLA/MWCNTs nanocomposites (0.5, 1, and 2 wt% of MWCNTs) were prepared via melt compounding. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a co-continuous PLA phase in the PP/PLA blends with high PLA content. Moreover, the addition of 2 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) increased the tensile modulus and tensile strength of the PP/PLA40% by 60% and 95%, respectively. A conductive network was found with the addition of 2 wt% MWCNTs, where the electrical conductivity of the PP/PLA increased by nine orders of magnitude. At 2 wt% MWCNTs, a solid network within the composite was characterized by rheological assessment, where the composite turned from nonterminal to terminal behavior. Soil burial testing of the PP/PLA blend within 30 days in natural humus compost soil featured suitable biodegradation, which indicates the PP/PLA blend is as an appropriate candidate for food packing applications.
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17
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Rasselet D, Caro-Bretelle AS, Taguet A, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Reactive Compatibilization of PLA/PA11 Blends and Their Application in Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E485. [PMID: 30764474 PMCID: PMC6384960 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the properties of polylatic acid/polyamide 11 (PLA/PA11) blends compatibilized with a multifunctionalized epoxide, Joncryl®, and to evaluate the performance of such blends processed by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing, compared to those produced by injection molding method. Blends containing different Joncryl contents from 0.5 to 3 wt% were prepared by twin-screw extrusion. Evaluation of thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of such blends proved that Joncryl acted as a compatibilizer. Results showed that Joncryl effects on blends properties were improved with increasing its content. A significant reduction of PA11 dispersed phases diameter and an improvement of tensile properties with a ductile behavior were achieved for the highest Joncryl contents. A significant elongation of PA11 dispersed phases was observed into FDM filaments and dog bone shaped specimens produced thereafter. Despite this peculiar morphology, FDM printed samples exhibited only enhanced stiffness but poor reinforcement and elongation at break in comparison with injected ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Rasselet
- IMT Mines Ales, C2MA, 6 avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès CEDEX, France.
| | | | - Aurélie Taguet
- IMT Mines Ales, C2MA, 6 avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès CEDEX, France.
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18
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Keshavarzi S, Babaei A, Goudarzi A, Shakeri A. ZnO nanoparticles as chain elasticity reducer and structural elasticity enhancer: Correlating the degradating role and localization of ZnO with the morphological and mechanical properties of PLA/PP/ZnO nanocomposite. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keshavarzi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Golestan University; PO Box 4913815759 Gorgan Iran
| | - Amir Babaei
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Golestan University; PO Box 4913815759 Gorgan Iran
| | - Alireza Goudarzi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Golestan University; PO Box 4913815759 Gorgan Iran
| | - Alireza Shakeri
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
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19
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Poly (lactic acid) blends: Processing, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:307-360. [PMID: 30528997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) is a commercial biobased, biodegradable, biocompatible, compostable and non-toxic polymer that has competitive material and processing costs and desirable mechanical properties. Thereby, it can be considered favorably for biomedical applications and as the most promising substitute for petroleum-based polymers in a wide range of commodity and engineering applications. However, PLA has some significant shortcomings such as low melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, high brittleness, low toughness, and low service temperature, which limit its applications. To overcome these limitations, blending PLA with other polymers is an inexpensive approach that could also tailor the final properties of PLA-based products. During the last two decades, researchers investigated the synthesis, processing, properties, and development of various PLA-based blend systems including miscible blends of poly l-lactide (PLLA) and poly d-lactide (PDLA), which generate stereocomplex crystals, binary immiscible/miscible blends of PLA with other thermoplastics, multifunctional ternary blends using a third polymer or fillers such as nanoparticles, as well as PLA-based blend foam systems. This article reviews all these investigations and compares the syntheses/processing-morphology-properties interrelationships in PLA-based blends developed so far for various applications.
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20
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Hamad K, Kaseem M, Ayyoob M, Joo J, Deri F. Polylactic acid blends: The future of green, light and tough. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Kasgoz A, Tamer M, Kocyigit C, Durmus A. Effect of the comonomer content on the solid-state mechanical and viscoelastic properties of poly(propylene- co
-1-butene) films. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alper Kasgoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Istanbul University; 34320 Avcılar Istanbul Turkey
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering; Yalova University; 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Murat Tamer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Istanbul University; 34320 Avcılar Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Anadolu University; 26555 Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Ciler Kocyigit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Istanbul University; 34320 Avcılar Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ali Durmus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Istanbul University; 34320 Avcılar Istanbul Turkey
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22
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Jiang Q, Pei X, Wu L, Li TT, Lin JH. UV resistance and water barrier properties of PP/PLA/MAH/TiO2functional hybrid biocomposite films for packaging application. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles; College of Textiles; Tianjin Polytechnic University; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials; Tianjin Polytechnic University; Tianjin China
| | - Xin Pei
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles; College of Textiles; Tianjin Polytechnic University; Tianjin China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles; College of Textiles; Tianjin Polytechnic University; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials; Tianjin Polytechnic University; Tianjin China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials; Minjiang University; Fuzhou China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles; College of Textiles; Tianjin Polytechnic University; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials; Tianjin Polytechnic University; Tianjin China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials; Minjiang University; Fuzhou China
| | - Jia-Horng Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials; Minjiang University; Fuzhou China
- Oceann College; Minjiang University; Fuzhou China
- Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing; Department of Fiber and Composite Materials; Feng Chia University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Fashion Design; Asia University; Taichung China
- School of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
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23
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Su JJ, Meng Y, Zhu F, Han J, Wang K, Fu Q. Simultaneously reinforce and toughen polypropylene by in-situ introducing polylactic acid microfibrils. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan-juan Su
- College of Materials and Textiles; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Meng
- College of Materials and Textiles; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhu
- College of Materials and Textiles; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Han
- College of Materials and Textiles; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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24
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Gonzalez-Garzon M, Shahbikian S, Huneault MA. Properties and phase structure of melt-processed PLA/PMMA blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Codou A, Anstey A, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Novel compatibilized nylon-based ternary blends with polypropylene and poly(lactic acid): morphology evolution and rheological behaviour. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15709-15724. [PMID: 35539459 PMCID: PMC9080108 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01707g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the interaction between nylon 6 (PA6), polypropylene (PP) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is reported. To improve the compatibility between these immiscible polymers, a reactive compatibilization approach was used through extrusion with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA). To further improve the compatibility of the phases, PLA was selected as a semi-polar polymer and a low molecular weight was used to assure a good droplet dispersion. All the blends were twin-screw extruded in the melt at different compositions. The morphologies of binary and ternary blends were investigated using microscopic techniques by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The PP-g-MA grafting process was observed to have a dramatic effect on the compatibility of both the binary and ternary blends and while a drastic reduction of the PP dispersed phases particle size was observed, the affinity between PLA and PP was also highlighted. The surface tension of the homopolymers and the interfacial tension of the pairs of polymers were measured to characterize the interaction at their interfaces. The interaction of PA6/PLA appeared preferable to PLA/PP, explaining the thinner dispersion obtained for PLA phase. The morphologies observed were compared to the predictions of spreading coefficient and minimum free energy models. While both models predicted the encapsulation of PP by the PLA phase, disagreeing with the morphological results, the rheological measurement gave an explanation for this phase separation. Using rheology measurements, the interaction between the phases was further investigated and the viscosity ratios were measured for the different pairs of polymers, stressing the high interaction between PA6 and PLA with and without compatibilizer. The droplet size of the dispersed phases appeared to substantially influence the chain relaxations in the melt. Excellent sub-micrometric dispersions in ternary blends were reached by blending a semi-polar PLA at low viscosity in PA6/PP formulations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Codou
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
- Department of Plant Agriculture
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
- Canada
| | - Andrew Anstey
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
- Department of Plant Agriculture
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
- Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
- Department of Plant Agriculture
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
- Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
- Department of Plant Agriculture
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
- Canada
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26
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Lopes Pereira EC, Farias da Silva JM, Jesus RB, Soares BG, Livi S. Bronsted acidic ionic liquids: New transesterification agents for the compatibilization of polylactide/ethylene-co-vinyl acetate blends. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Significant toughness improvement in iPP/PLLA/EGMA blend by introducing dicumyl peroxide as the morphology governor. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Trongsatitkul T, Chaiwong S. In situ
fibre-reinforced composite films of poly(lactic acid)/low-density polyethylene blends: effects of composition on morphology, transport and mechanical properties. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiya Trongsatitkul
- School of Polymer Engineering; Suranaree University of Technology; Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
| | - Saowapa Chaiwong
- School of Agro-industry; Mae Fah Luang University; Chiang Rai Thailand
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29
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Green Composites Based on Blends of Polypropylene with Liquid Wood Reinforced with Hemp Fibers: Thermomechanical Properties and the Effect of Recycling Cycles. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10090998. [PMID: 28846607 PMCID: PMC5615653 DOI: 10.3390/ma10090998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Green composites from polypropylene and lignin-based natural material were manufactured using a melt extrusion process. The lignin-based material used was the so called “liquid wood”. The PP/“Liquid Wood” blends were extruded with “liquid wood” content varying from 20 wt % to 80 wt %. The blends were thoroughly characterized by flexural, impact, and dynamic mechanical testing. The addition of the Liquid Wood resulted in a great improvement in terms of both the flexural modulus and strength but, on the other hand, a reduction of the impact strength was observed. For one blend composition, the composites reinforced with hemp fibers were also studied. The addition of hemp allowed us to further improve the mechanical properties. The composite with 20 wt % of hemp, subjected to up to three recycling cycles, showed good mechanical property retention and thermal stability after recycling.
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30
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Mandal DK, Bhunia H, Bajpai PK, Bhalla VK. Thermal degradation kinetics and estimation of lifetime of radiation grafted polypropylene films. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Mandal DK, Bhunia H, Bajpai PK, Chaudhari CV, Dubey KA, Varshney L. Morphology, rheology and biodegradation of oxo-degradable polypropylene/polylactide blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2016-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The blends of polypropylene (PP)/polylactide (PLA) with or without compatibilizer, and with pro-oxidant (cobalt stearate/calcium stearate) and pro-oxidant filled PP were prepared by using the melt blending technique. Films of these blends were prepared by compression molding. PP85PL15 and PP85PL15MA4 were the optimum blends from the tensile strength point of view. The improvement in the tensile strength of PP85PL15MA4 blend was achieved by addition of 4 phr compatibilizer. Cobalt stearate and calcium stearate were added separately to PP85PL15MA4 blend in 0.2% (w/w) ratio. The optimized blends were further characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, rheological studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and biodegradability test. Rheological studies confirmed the pseudo-plastic nature of all the blend samples. SEM studies have revealed that the addition of PLA in PP85PL15 enhances the void and roughness on the blend. All the prepared blends have biodegraded in the composting environment and the blend containing pro-oxidant biodegraded to the maximum extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Thapar University , Patiala 147004 , Punjab , India
| | - Haripada Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Thapar University , Patiala 147004 , Punjab , India
| | - Pramod K. Bajpai
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Thapar University , Patiala 147004 , Punjab , India
| | - Chandrasekhar V. Chaudhari
- Radiation Technology Development Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - Kumar A. Dubey
- Radiation Technology Development Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - Lalit Varshney
- Radiation Technology Development Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India
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32
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Oliveira TA, Oliveira RR, Barbosa R, Azevedo JB, Alves TS. Effect of reprocessing cycles on the degradation of PP/PBAT-thermoplastic starch blends. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 168:52-60. [PMID: 28457463 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The solid waste management problems caused by the accumulation of plastics require measures to mitigate the environmental damage, and mechanical recycling of plastics is among the possible solutions. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of mechanical recycling on the properties of a polypropylene/poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate)-thermoplastic starch blend (PP/PBAT-Thermoplastic starch blend) when it was subjected to seven reprocessing cycles by a single-screw extruder. The observations by infrared spectroscopy indicated that the chemical structures of the blend and the polypropylene matrix did not present significant changes with the reprocessing cycles. The X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the PP crystals were most affected when reprocessed in their pure form. The observations by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the thermal stability of the blend was higher than that of polypropylene during the extrusion cycles. The scanning electron microscopy images indicated a weak interfacial interaction between the components of the blend, and the mechanical properties showed that the reprocessing improved the elasticity modulus and yield stress, with a consequential decrease of the impact strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thainá A Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Materials Science, Technology Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil.
| | - Rosimery R Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Materials Engineering, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64000-040, Brazil.
| | - Renata Barbosa
- Course of Materials Engineering and Graduate Program in Materials Science, Technology Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil.
| | - Joyce B Azevedo
- School of Technology SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, BA 41650-010, Brazil.
| | - Tatianny S Alves
- Course of Materials Engineering and Graduate Program in Materials Science, Technology Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil.
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33
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Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic acid)/recycled polypropylene blends with and without the coupling agent, n-(6-aminohexyl)aminomethyltriethoxysilane. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Sangeetha V, Varghese T, Nayak S. Toughening of polylactic acid using styrene ethylene butylene styrene: Mechanical, thermal, and morphological studies. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V.H. Sangeetha
- Centre for Biopolymer Science and Technology; Eloor, Udyogamandal, Kochi 683501 Kerala India
| | - T.O. Varghese
- Centre for Biopolymer Science and Technology; Eloor, Udyogamandal, Kochi 683501 Kerala India
| | - S.K. Nayak
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET); T.V.K. Industrial Estate; Guindy Chennai 600032 Tamil Nadu India
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35
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Sangeetha VH, Valapa RB, Nayak SK, Varghese TO. Super toughened renewable poly(lactic acid) based ternary blends system: effect of degree of hydrolysis of ethylene vinyl acetate on impact and thermal properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13366e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of hydrolysed EVA on PLA ternary blend systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. H. Sangeetha
- Centre for Biopolymer Science and Technology (CBPST)
- Kochi
- India
| | | | - S. K. Nayak
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET)
- Chennai-600032
- India
| | - T. O. Varghese
- Centre for Biopolymer Science and Technology (CBPST)
- Kochi
- India
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36
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Naffakh M, Díez-Pascual AM, Marco C. Polymer blend nanocomposites based on poly(l-lactic acid), polypropylene and WS2 inorganic nanotubes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05803e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall thermal and mechanical properties of PLLA/PPPP-g-MAH/INT-WS2 confirm the high-performance of these novel biopolymer blend nanocomposites, which opens new possibilities for use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Naffakh
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM)
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Departamento de Química Analítica
- Química Física e Ingeniería Química
- Facultad de Biología
- Ciencias Ambientales y Química
- Universidad de Alcalá
| | - Carlos Marco
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
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37
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PLA and PP Composite Nonwoven with Antimicrobial Activity for Filtration Applications. INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/2510372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The PLA (50% wt.)/PP (50% wt.), PLA (47.5% wt.)/PP (47.5% wt.)/paraffin (5% wt.), and PLA (47.25% wt.)/PP (47.25% wt.)/paraffin (5% wt.)/CuO·SiO2(0.5% wt.) composite nonwovens were obtained in one-step process by using the melt-blown technique. Thermal properties (by the DSC method), physicomechanical parameters, specific surface area, the structure (by the SEM method), the elemental analysis (by the EDS method), and susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation (in alkaline and neutral media) were studied for all the obtained nonwovens. The antimicrobial properties of the composite nonwovens were determined by using dynamic contact conditions method, with three kinds of microorganisms applied. The DSC analysis of nonwovens revealed that the mixing of PLA and PP caused the decrease in homogeneity of both polymers, as well as a considerable increase in the PLA crystallization enthalpy. The paraffin and CuO·SiO2addition to PLA/PP nonwoven generally improved the filtration properties and downgraded tensile strength. Among all the tested composite nonwovens, the PLA/PP/paraffin/CuO·SiO2was the most and the PLA/PP/paraffin was the least susceptible to hydrolytic degradation in both media used in the study. The PLA/PP/paraffin/CuO·SiO2composite nonwoven revealed strong antibacterial activity and slight activity against the yeast.
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38
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Kucharczyk P, Kalous J, Suly P, Miskolczi N. Poly(1-butene) as a modifier of polylactide properties. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x15070081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Chen RY, Zou W, Zhang HC, Zhang GZ, Yang ZT, Qu JP. Poly(lactic acid)/polypropylene and compatibilized poly(lactic acid)/polypropylene blends prepared by a vane extruder: analysis of the mechanical properties, morphology and thermal behavior. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2014-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/polypropylene (PP) blends with different weight fractions were prepared by a novel vane extruder. The mechanical properties, morphology, crystallization behavior and thermal stability of the blends were investigated. The tensile strength, flexural strength and elongation at break decreased nonlinearly when the PP content was not more than 50 wt% and then increased with an increase in the PP content. The flexural modulus decreased with increasing PP weight fraction. The PLA/PP 90:10 blend exhibited the optimum impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy measurements revealed that the PLA/PP blends were immiscible. Phase separation occurred significantly at a blend ratio of 50:50. Regarding the PLA/PP 90:10 blend, the mean diameter of the disperse-phase PP particles was the smallest at 1.11 μm. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that low content of PP enhanced the crystallization of PLA. The PLA component in the blends impeded the crystallization of PP when PP was used as the matrix. The thermogravimetric analysis measurement involved a two-step decomposition process of the blends. The thermal resistance of the blends was improved by compounding with PP. As compatibilizers, both the maleic anhydride-grafted PP and the ethylene/n-butyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer helped improve the mechanical properties, crystallization property and thermal resistance of the PLA/PP blends.
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40
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Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-graft-chitosan nanoparticles as a biobased nanofiller for a poly(lactic acid) blend: Radiation-induced grafting and performance studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Xu Y, Loi J, Delgado P, Topolkaraev V, McEneany RJ, Macosko CW, Hillmyer MA. Reactive Compatibilization of Polylactide/Polypropylene Blends. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vasily Topolkaraev
- Kimberly-Clark
Corporation,
Corporate Research and Engineering, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, United States
| | - Ryan J. McEneany
- Kimberly-Clark
Corporation,
Corporate Research and Engineering, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, United States
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42
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Jain K, Madhu G, Bhunia H, Bajpai PK, Nando GB, Reddy MS. Physico-mechanical characterization and biodegradability behavior of polypropylene/poly(L-lactide) polymer blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2014-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Partially biodegradable polymer films from the blends of polypropylene (PP) and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) were prepared in an internal mixer by melt blending technique, with and without compatibilizer, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP), followed by compression molding. With regard to tensile properties, 80/20 (PP/PLLA) and 80/20/6 (PP/PLLA/MAPP) were found as the optimum blends with best combination of the ingredients. Therefore, the blend samples, namely, PP80 (80% PP+20% PLLA) and PP80C6 (80% PP+20% PLLA+6 phr MAPP) were selected as ‘optimized’ blends and further characterized for their physical, chemical, morphological, and thermal properties. X-ray diffraction studies showed that neat PP and PP80C6 had the same crystallite size indicating compatibility between PP and PLLA due to MAPP. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microsopy investigations revealed that the two polymers were completely immiscible in absence of the compatibilizer. Bacterial biodegradation of the samples was performed by exposure to Pseudomonas stutzeri for 60 days and measured in terms of weight loss, optical density, and thermal stability of the samples before and after degradation. The results showed that 80/20 (PP/PLLA) blends undergo considerable degradation. Reduction in thermal stability of the film samples was also observed through thermogravimetric analysis, which was useful in accelerating their biodegradation.
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Lai SM, Lan YC, Wu WL, Wang YJ. Compatibility improvement of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane blends with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mou Lai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National I-Lan University; I-Lan 260 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Lan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National I-Lan University; I-Lan 260 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Wan-Ling Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National I-Lan University; I-Lan 260 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jhen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National I-Lan University; I-Lan 260 Taiwan Republic of China
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Abstract
Recent compatibilization strategies in poly(lactic acid)-based blends have been reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bing Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Kun-Ang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - An-Ke Du
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology
- Chongqing 401123
- China
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Hamad K, Kaseem M, Ko YG, Deri F. Biodegradable polymer blends and composites: An overview. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x14060054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Structural stability of photodegradable poly(l-lactic acid)/PE/TiO2 nanocomposites through TiO2 nanospheres and TiO2 nanotubes incorporation. Polym Bull (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Razavi SM, Dadbin S, Frounchi M. Effect of gamma ray on poly(lactic acid)/poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) blends as biodegradable food packaging films. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ploypetchara N, Suppakul P, Atong D, Pechyen C. Blend of Polypropylene/Poly(lactic acid) for Medical Packaging Application: Physicochemical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tri PN, Domenek S, Guinault A, Sollogoub C. Crystallization behavior of poly(lactide)/poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)/talc composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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