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Khanzada NK, Al-Juboori RA, Khatri M, Ahmed FE, Ibrahim Y, Hilal N. Sustainability in Membrane Technology: Membrane Recycling and Fabrication Using Recycled Waste. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:52. [PMID: 38392679 PMCID: PMC10890584 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Membrane technology has shown a promising role in combating water scarcity, a globally faced challenge. However, the disposal of end-of-life membrane modules is problematic as the current practices include incineration and landfills as their final fate. In addition, the increase in population and lifestyle advancement have significantly enhanced waste generation, thus overwhelming landfills and exacerbating environmental repercussions and resource scarcity. These practices are neither economically nor environmentally sustainable. Recycling membranes and utilizing recycled material for their manufacturing is seen as a potential approach to address the aforementioned challenges. Depending on physiochemical conditions, the end-of-life membrane could be reutilized for similar, upgraded, and downgraded operations, thus extending the membrane lifespan while mitigating the environmental impact that occurred due to their disposal and new membrane preparation for similar purposes. Likewise, using recycled waste such as polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, tire rubber, keratin, and cellulose and their derivates for fabricating the membranes can significantly enhance environmental sustainability. This study advocates for and supports the integration of sustainability concepts into membrane technology by presenting the research carried out in this area and rigorously assessing the achieved progress. The membranes' recycling and their fabrication utilizing recycled waste materials are of special interest in this work. Furthermore, this study offers guidance for future research endeavors aimed at promoting environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Khalid Khanzada
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muzamil Khatri
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Ejaz Ahmed
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yazan Ibrahim
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nidal Hilal
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
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Shen Y, Zhang X, Su J, Lin L, Jiang Z, Qiu L, Wang S, Wu B, Pu C, Cai X, Liu Y, Zhang X. Significantly Enhancing Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cellulose-Based Composites by Adding Small Amounts of Lysozyme-Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets via Forming Strong Double-Cross-Linked Interface Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43159-43168. [PMID: 37651452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermally conductive cellulose-based composites have great application potential in the thermal management of portable and wearable electronic devices. In this work, cellulose-based composites with excellent mechanical and thermal properties were developed by using lysozyme-modified graphene nanoplatelets (LmGNP), epichlorohydrin (ECH), and hydrolyzed cellulose via forming strong double-cross-linked interface interactions, including the hydrogen bond network generated between LmGNP and cellulose and the chemical cross-link of ECH. As for the composites containing 8 wt % LmGNP, the in-plane thermal conductivity was 3.341 W·m-1K-1, while the tensile stress was 114.60 MPa, which increased by 297.3 and 146.2%, respectively, compared to pure cellulose. Along with the good stability, insulation, and lightweight properties, the fabricated composites have the potential to become a promising heat dissipation material for wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiangpeng Su
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zeyi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sida Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - BingJi Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changyu Pu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinzhi Cai
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Chinalco Capital Holdings Company Limited, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yuqiao Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100083, China
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Molina S, Ocaña-Biedma H, Rodríguez-Sáez L, Landaburu-Aguirre J. Experimental Evaluation of the Process Performance of MF and UF Membranes for the Removal of Nanoplastics. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:683. [PMID: 37505049 PMCID: PMC10384815 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high removal ability of the wastewater treatment technologies, research efforts have been limited to the relatively large-sized microplastics, leaving nanoplastics outside the studied size spectrum. This study aims to evaluate the process performance of MF and UF membranes for the removal of single and mixed solutions of polystyrene nanospheres (120 and 500 nm) and BSA. The process performance was evaluated in terms of the rejection coefficient, the normalized flux, and the permeability recovery. The fouling mechanism of these pollutants was studied, evaluating the effect of different membrane materials, membrane pore sizes, and nanoplastic sizes, as well as the synergetic effect of the mixture of foulants. This study was complemented by surface membrane characterization. Polystyrene nanospheres were successfully removed with all the membranes studied, except for the MF membrane that obtained PS 120 nm rejection coefficients of 26%. Single nanoplastic particles were deposited in UF membranes creating a pore blocking and cake layer formation, whilst the nanoplastics of 120 nm were accumulated inside the MF membrane creating an internal pore blocking. In mixed solutions, the BSA acted in two different ways: (i) as a stabilizer, hindering the deposition of nanoplastics and (ii) as a main foulant that caused a substantial flux reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Molina
- IMDEA Water Institute, Punto Com. nº 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Ocaña-Biedma
- IMDEA Water Institute, Punto Com. nº 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Sáez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Punto Com. nº 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Wu J, Zhang T, Qu J, Jiao FZ, Hu C, Zhao HY, Li X, Yu ZZ. Hydrothermally Modified 3D Porous Loofah Sponges with MoS 2 Sheets and Carbon Particles for Efficient Solar Steam Generation and Seawater Desalination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37285282 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the emerging interfacial solar steam generation technology is sustainable and eco-friendly for generating clean water by desalinating seawater and purifying wastewaters, salt deposition on the evaporation surface during solar-driven evaporation severely degrades the purification performances and adversely affect the long-term performance stability of solar steam generation devices. Herein, to construct solar steam generators for efficient solar steam generation and seawater desalination, three-dimensional (3D) natural loofah sponges with both macropores of the sponge and microchannels of the loofah fibers are hydrothermally decorated with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) sheets and carbon particles. Benefiting from fast upward transport of water, rapid steam extraction, and effective salt-resistant capacity, the 3D hydrothermally decorated loofah sponge with MoS2 sheets and carbon particles (HLMC) with an exposed height of 4 cm can not only obtain heat by its top surface under the downward solar light irradiation based on the solar-thermal energy conversion but also gain environmental energy by its porous sidewall surface, achieving a competitive water evaporation rate of 3.45 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun irradiation. Additionally, the 3D HLMC evaporator exhibits long-term desalination stability during the solar-driven desalination of an aqueous salt solution with 3.5 wt % NaCl for 120 h without apparent salt deposition because of its dual type of pores and uneven structure distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fan-Zhen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao-Yu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Phase Equilibria and Structure Formation in the Polylactic-co-Glycolic Acid/Tetraglycol/Water Ternary System. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051281. [PMID: 36904522 PMCID: PMC10007394 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper concerns a detailed study of the phase separation and structure formation processes that occur in solutions of highly hydrophobic polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) in highly hydrophilic tetraglycol (TG) upon their contact with aqueous media. In the present work, cloud point methodology, high-speed video recording, differential scanning calorimetry, and both optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the behavior of PLGA/TG mixtures differing in composition when they are immersed in water (the so-called "harsh" antisolvent) or in a nonsolvent consisting of equal amounts of water and TG (a "soft" antisolvent). The phase diagram of the ternary PLGA/TG/water system was designed and constructed for the first time. The PLGA/TG mixture composition with which the polymer undergoes glass transition at room temperature was determined. Our data enabled us to analyze in detail the structure evolution process taking place in various mixtures upon their immersion in "harsh" and "soft" antisolvent baths and gain an insight into the peculiarities of the structure formation mechanism active in the course of antisolvent-induced phase separation in PLGA/TG/water mixtures. This provides intriguing opportunities for the controlled fabrication of a wide variety of bioresorbable structures-from polyester microparticles, fibers, and membranes to scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Study on the Preparation and Properties of Jute Microcrystalline Cellulose Membrane. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041783. [PMID: 36838771 PMCID: PMC9967143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation and performance control of the cellulose membrane are one of the hot topics in the environmentally friendly separation membrane field. In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by microwave-assisted acidic hydrolysis of cellulose obtained from jute, followed by the use of a mixture of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide and water as a solvent to obtain the homogeneous casting liquid, which was scraped and subsequently immersed in the coagulation bath to form a smooth and dense cellulose membrane. During membrane formation, the crystal structure of MCC changed from type I to type II, but the chemical structure remained unchanged. The mechanical strength and separation performance of the membrane were related to the content of MCC in the casting liquid. When the content of MCC was about 7%, the tensile strength of the membrane reached a maximum value of 13.49 MPa, and the corresponding elongation at break was 68.12%. The water flux (J) and rejection rate (R) for the bovine serum albumin were 19.51 L/(m2·h) and 95.37%, respectively, under an optimized pressure of 0.2 MPa. In addition, the coagulation bath had a significant effect on the membrane separation performance, and J and R were positively and negatively correlated with the polarity of the coagulation bath. Among them, it was note-worthy that J and R of membrane formed in ethanol were 33.95 L/(m2·h) and 91.43%, separately. Compared with water as a coagulation bath, J was increased by 74% at the situation and R was roughly equivalent, showing better separation performance. More importantly, the relationship between the structure and separation performances has also been studied preliminarily. This work provides certain guidance for the preparation of high-performance MCC membranes.
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Lopatina A, Esmaeili M, Anugwom I, Mänttäri M, Kallioinen-Mänttäri M. Effect of Low Concentrations of Lithium Chloride Additive on Cellulose-Rich Ultrafiltration Membrane Performance. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:198. [PMID: 36837701 PMCID: PMC9964057 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Various water treatment processes make extensive use of porous polymeric membranes. A key objective in membrane fabrication is to improve membrane selectivity without sacrificing other properties such as permeability. Herein, LiCl (0-2 wt.%) was utilised as a preforming agent in fabricating biomass-derived cellulosic membranes. The fabricated membranes were characterised by dope solution viscosity, surface and cross-sectional morphology, pure water flux, relative molecular mass cut-off (MWCO, 35 kDa), membrane chemistry, and hydrophilicity. The results demonstrated that at the optimum LiCl concentration (0.4 wt.%), there is an interplay of thermodynamic instability and kinetic effects during membrane formation, wherein the membrane morphology and hydrophilicity can be preferably altered and thus lead to the formation of the membrane with better rejection at no detriment to its permeability.
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8
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Jiang B, Tang Y, Zhou K, Lu L, Qiu X, Pan L. High oxygen barrier materials from paper to regenerated cellulose films. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoqiang Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Yali Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Keke Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Lixin Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Xiaolin Qiu
- School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Liao Pan
- School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
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Mir FQ, Hameed F, Sajad Y, Mukhdoomi B. Green and Non‐Conventional Materials for Membrane Synthesis: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fasil Qayoom Mir
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Faheem Hameed
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Yamir Sajad
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Bushra Mukhdoomi
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
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Wood-Based Cellulose-Rich Ultrafiltration Membranes: Alkaline Coagulation Bath Introduction and Investigation of Its Effect over Membranes’ Performance. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060581. [PMID: 35736287 PMCID: PMC9229157 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, wood-based cellulose-rich membranes were produced with a novel approach to casting procedure. Flat-sheet membranes were prepared from birch biomass pretreated with deep eutectic solvent and dissolved in ionic liquid-dimethylsulfoxide system via phase inversion method. Alkaline coagulation bath filled with sodium hydroxide solution was added to the process before a water coagulation bath and aimed to improve membranes’ performance. The effect of NaOH coagulation bath on the membrane was studied based on two NaOH concentrations and two different treatment times. The characterisation methods included measuring pure water permeabilities, polyethylene glycol 35 kDa model solution retentions, hydrophilicity, zeta potential, and chemical structure. Additionally, suitability of the membranes for removing residual phosphorous from a municipal wastewater treatment plant’s effluent was studied. The study revealed that introduction of the alkaline coagulation bath led to additional removal of lignin from membrane matrix and increase in the filtration capacity up to eight times. The resulting membranes can be characterised as very hydrophilic, with contact angle values 11.9–18.2°, negatively charged over a wide pH range. The membranes with the highest permeability, 380–450 L/m2·h·bar, showed approximately 70% phosphorus removal from purified wastewater, good removal of suspended solids, and low irreversible fouling tendency.
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Abdelhamid HN, Mathew AP. Cellulose-Based Materials for Water Remediation: Adsorption, Catalysis, and Antifouling. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.790314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose-based materials have been advanced technologies that used in water remediation. They exhibit several advantages being the most abundant biopolymer in nature, high biocompatibility, and contain several functional groups. Cellulose can be prepared in several derivatives including nanomaterials such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF). The presence of functional groups such as carboxylic and hydroxyls groups can be modified or grafted with organic moieties offering extra functional groups customizing for specific applications. These functional groups ensure the capability of cellulose biopolymers to be modified with nanoparticles such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene oxide (GO), silver (Ag) nanoparticles, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Thus, they can be applied for water remediation via removing water pollutants including heavy metal ions, organic dyes, drugs, and microbial species. Cellulose-based materials can be also used for removing microorganisms being active as membranes or antibacterial agents. They can proceed into various forms such as membranes, sheets, papers, foams, aerogels, and filters. This review summarized the applications of cellulose-based materials for water remediation via methods such as adsorption, catalysis, and antifouling. The high performance of cellulose-based materials as well as their simple processing methods ensure the high potential for water remediation.
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Yao A, Yan Y, Tan L, Shi Y, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Zhu P, Huang S. Improvement of filtration and antifouling performance of cellulose acetate membrane reinforced by dopamine modified cellulose nanocrystals. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Goh PS, Othman MHD, Matsuura T. Waste Reutilization in Polymeric Membrane Fabrication: A New Direction in Membranes for Separation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:782. [PMID: 34677548 PMCID: PMC8541373 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In parallel to the rapid growth in economic and social activities, there has been an undesirable increase in environmental degradation due to the massively produced and disposed waste. The need to manage waste in a more innovative manner has become an urgent matter. In response to the call for circular economy, some solid wastes can offer plenty of opportunities to be reutilized as raw materials for the fabrication of functional, high-value products. In the context of solid waste-derived polymeric membrane development, this strategy can pave a way to reduce the consumption of conventional feedstock for the production of synthetic polymers and simultaneously to dampen the negative environmental impacts resulting from the improper management of these solid wastes. The review aims to offer a platform for overviewing the potentials of reutilizing solid waste in liquid separation membrane fabrication by covering the important aspects, including waste pretreatment and raw material extraction, membrane fabrication and characterizations, as well as the separation performance evaluation of the resultant membranes. Three major types of waste-derived polymeric raw materials, namely keratin, cellulose, and plastics, are discussed based on the waste origins, limitations in the waste processing, and their conversion into polymeric membranes. With the promising material properties and viability of processing facilities, recycling and reutilization of waste resources for membrane fabrication are deemed to be a promising strategy that can bring about huge benefits in multiple ways, especially to make a step closer to sustainable and green membrane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Takeshi Matsuura
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur St., Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
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Ju Z, Zhou L, Lu X, Li Y, Yao X, Cheng S, Chen G, Ge C. Mechanistic insight into the roles of anions and cations in the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) catalyzed by ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18659-18668. [PMID: 34612403 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown high catalytic activity in the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), but the effects of the anions and cations, as well as the mechanism, remain ambiguous. Glycolysis is an important recycling method that converts waste PET into monomers through various chemical reactions. To reveal the role of ILs and the molecular mechanism of the glycolysis of PET, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out for the possible pathways for the generation of bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) catalyzed by isolated anions/cations and ion pairs at different sites. The pathway with the lowest barrier for the glycolysis of PET is the cleavage of the C-O ester bond, which generates the BHET monomer. The synergistic effects of the cations and anions play a critical role in the glycolysis of PET. The cations mainly attack the carbonyl oxygen of PET to catalyze the reaction, and the anions mainly form strong H-bonds with PET and ethylene glycol (EG). In terms of the mechanism, the H-bonds render the hydroxyl oxygen of EG more electronegative. The cation coordinates the carbonyl oxygen of the ester, and the hydroxyl oxygen of EG attacks the ester group carbon of PET, with proton transfer to the carbonyl oxygen. A four-membered-ring transition state would be formed by PET, EG, and the IL catalyst, which regularly accelerates the degradation of PET. These results provide fundamental help in understanding the roles of ILs and the mechanism of IL-catalyzed PET degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Ju
- College of Chemical & Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China.
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AbdulKadir WAFW, Ahmad AL, Boon Seng O. Carnauba Wax/Halloysite Nanotube with Improved Anti-Wetting and Permeability of Hydrophobic PVDF Membrane via DCMD. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11030228. [PMID: 33807017 PMCID: PMC8005014 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophobic membranes have been widely explored to meet the membrane characteristics for the membrane distillation (MD) process. Inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles have been used to improve the membrane hydrophobicity, but limited studies have used nano clay particles. This study introduces halloysite nanotube (HNT) as an alternative material to synthesis a hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-HNT membrane. The PVDF membranes were fabricated using functionalized HNTs (e.g., carnauba wax and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl-trichlorosilane (FOTS)). The results were determined by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection, scanning electron microscope, goniometer and porometer to determine the desired hydrophobic membrane for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The addition of FOTS-HNT (fs-HNT) and carnauba wax-HNT (fw-HNT) in the PVDF membrane enhanced the water contact angle (CA) to 127° and 137°, respectively. The presence of fw-HNT in the PVDF membrane exhibited higher liquid entry pressure (LEP) (2.64 bar) compared to fs-HNT in the membrane matrix (1.44 bar). The PVDF/fw-HNT membrane (Pfw-HNT) obtained the highest flux of 7.24 L/m2h with 99.9% salt removal. A stable permeability in the Pfw-HNT membrane was obtained throughout 16 h of DCMD. The incorporation of fw-HNT in the PVDF membrane had improved the anti-wetting properties and the membrane performance with the anti-fouling effect.
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Onwumere J, Pia̧tek J, Budnyak T, Chen J, Budnyk S, Karim Z, Thersleff T, Kuśtrowski P, Mathew AP, Slabon A. CelluPhot: Hybrid Cellulose-Bismuth Oxybromide Membrane for Pollutant Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42891-42901. [PMID: 32840994 PMCID: PMC7586292 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater is a complex challenge and requires usually several sequential processes. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a hybrid material that can fulfill both tasks: (i) the adsorption of metal ions due to the negative surface charge, and (ii) photocatalytic decomposition of organic compounds. The bioinorganic hybrid membrane consists of cellulose fibers to ensure mechanical stability and of Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr nanosheets. The composite is synthesized at low temperature of 115 °C directly on the cellulose membrane (CM) in order to maintain the carboxylic and hydroxyl groups on the surface that are responsible for the adsorption of metal ions. The composite can adsorb both Co(II) and Ni(II) ions and the kinetic study confirmed a good agreement of experimental data with the pseudo-second-order equation kinetic model. CM/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr showed higher affinity to Co(II) ions than to Ni(II) ions from diluted aqueous solutions. The bioinorganic composite demonstrates a synergistic effect in the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) by exceeding the removal efficiency of single components. The fabrication of the biologic-inorganic interface was confirmed by various analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM EDX) mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The presented approach for controlled formation of the bioinorganic interface between natural material (cellulose) and nanoscopic inorganic materials of tailored morphology (Bi-O-Br system) enables the significant enhancement of materials functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Onwumere
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jȩdrzej Pia̧tek
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Budnyak
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Serhiy Budnyk
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Str. 2/c, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Zoheb Karim
- MoRe Research Örnsköldsvik AB, Box 70, SE-89122, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Kuśtrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aji P. Mathew
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Chen K, Xu W, Ding Y, Xue P, Sheng P, Qiao H, He J. Hemp-based all-cellulose composites through ionic liquid promoted controllable dissolution and structural control. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 235:116027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Xia Y, Mo Y, Meng W, Du X, Ma C. Graphene/Carbon Paper Combined with Redox Active Electrolyte for Supercapacitors with High Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1355. [PMID: 31426288 PMCID: PMC6722702 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene/carbon paper is prepared by pyrolyzing graphene modified cellulose filter paper and directly used as a binder-free electrode to assemble a supercapacitor (SC) with a redox active electrolyte, containing a Fe3+/Fe2+ additive. By the graphene incorporation and the carbonization of the cellulose fibers, both the microstructure and the electrical conductivity of the carbon paper are promoted greatly. The filter paper derived carbon (FPC) electrode exhibits a specific capacitance (Cs) of 2832 F·g-1 in a 1 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M Fe3+/Fe2+ electrolyte at 1 A·g-1, which is about 81 times that in a normal H2SO4 electrolyte. With the modification of graphene, the capacitive performance of the SC is enhanced further and a remarkable Cs of 3396 F·g-1 at 1 A·g-1 is achieved for a graphene modified filter paper carbon (GFPC) electrode, which remains at ~632 F·g-1 at 10 A·g-1. The free standing GFPC electrode also exhibits good cycling stability (93.8% of capacitance retention after 2000 cycles) and an energy density of 118 Wh·kg-1 at a power density of 500.35 W·kg-1, all of which are much higher than those of FPC. These encouraging results suggest that the graphene modification of electrode materials combined with a Fe3+/Fe2+ redox active electrolyte is a prospective measure to fabricate SC with an ultrahigh performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Xia
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistance and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Youtian Mo
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistance and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistance and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xusheng Du
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistance and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Chuanguo Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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19
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Prihatiningtyas I, Volodin A, Van der Bruggen B. 110th Anniversary: Cellulose Nanocrystals as Organic Nanofillers for Cellulose Triacetate Membranes Used for Desalination by Pervaporation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indah Prihatiningtyas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mulawarman University, Jalan Sambaliung No. 9, Sempaja Selatan, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75119, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Volodin
- Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, Department of Physics and Astronomy, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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20
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Awang NA, Wan Salleh WN, Ismail AF, Yusof N, Aziz F, Jaafar J. Adsorption Behavior of Chromium(VI) onto Regenerated Cellulose Membrane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Awang
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
| | - W. N. Wan Salleh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
| | - A. F. Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
| | - N. Yusof
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
| | - F. Aziz
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
| | - J. Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia
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21
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Lv J, Zhang G, Zhang H, Yang F. Exploration of permeability and antifouling performance on modified cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membrane with cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:190-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Wang W, Bai Q, Liang T, Bai H, Liu X. Two-Sided Surface Oxidized Cellulose Membranes Modified with PEI: Preparation, Characterization and Application for Dyes Removal. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E455. [PMID: 30965756 PMCID: PMC6418907 DOI: 10.3390/polym9090455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes were prepared with cotton linter pulp as a raw material. These membranes were first oxidized on both sides by a modified (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation system using a controlled oxidation reaction technique. Then, the oxidized RC membranes were functionalized with polyethylenimine (PEI) via the glutaraldehyde crosslinking method to obtain bifunctional (carboxyl and amino) porous RC membranes, as revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis and zeta potential measurement. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the tests of the mechanical properties and permeability characteristics of modified RC membranes demonstrated that the porous structure and certain mechanical properties could be retained. The adsorption performance of the modified membranes towards dyes was subsequently investigated. The modified membranes displayed good adsorption capacities, rapid adsorption equilibrium and removal efficiencies towards both anionic (xylenol orange (XO)) and cationic (methylene blue (MB)) dyes, making them suitable bioadsorbents for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Qian Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Huiyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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23
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Wang W, Bai Q, Liang T, Bai H, Liu X. Preparation of amino-functionalized regenerated cellulose membranes with high catalytic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:944-951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Mohamed MA, Abd Mutalib M, Mohd Hir ZA, M Zain MF, Mohamad AB, Jeffery Minggu L, Awang NA, W Salleh WN. An overview on cellulose-based material in tailoring bio-hybrid nanostructured photocatalysts for water treatment and renewable energy applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:1232-1256. [PMID: 28587962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A combination between the nanostructured photocatalyst and cellulose-based materials promotes a new functionality of cellulose towards the development of new bio-hybrid materials for various applications especially in water treatment and renewable energy. The excellent compatibility and association between nanostructured photocatalyst and cellulose-based materials was induced by bio-combability and high hydrophilicity of the cellulose components. The electron rich hydroxyl group of celluloses helps to promote superior interaction with photocatalyst. The formation of bio-hybrid nanostructured are attaining huge interest nowadays due to the synergistic properties of individual cellulose-based material and photocatalyst nanoparticles. Therefore, in this review we introduce some cellulose-based material and discusses its compatibility with nanostructured photocatalyst in terms of physical and chemical properties. In addition, we gather information and evidence on the fabrication techniques of cellulose-based hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst and its recent application in the field of water treatment and renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed
- Solar Hydrogen Group, Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhazri Abd Mutalib
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zul Adlan Mohd Hir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M F M Zain
- Sustainable Construction Materials and Building Systems(SUCOMBS) Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Mohamad
- Solar Hydrogen Group, Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lorna Jeffery Minggu
- Solar Hydrogen Group, Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asikin Awang
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - W N W Salleh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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25
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Mohamed MA, W Salleh WN, Jaafar J, Ismail AF, Abd Mutalib M, Mohamad AB, M Zain MF, Awang NA, Mohd Hir ZA. Physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystal and nanoporous self-assembled CNC membrane derived from Ceiba pentandra. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:1892-1902. [PMID: 27987909 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. The prepared CNC was then employed for the preparation of self-assembled membrane through the water suspension casting evaporation technique. The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. The FESEM and AFM analyses had illustrated the achievement of a self-assembled CNC membrane with a smooth surface and a well-distributed nano-porous structure, with the porosity of 52.82±7.79%. In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed
- Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - W N W Salleh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - A F Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Muhazri Abd Mutalib
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Mohamad
- Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M F M Zain
- Sustainable Construction Materials and Building Systems (SUCOMBS) Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asikin Awang
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Zul Adlan Mohd Hir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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26
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Cellulose-based films prepared directly from waste newspapers via an ionic liquid. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:223-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Regenerated cellulose membrane as bio-template for in-situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:166-73. [PMID: 27112862 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. Optical and XPS analysis confirmed that carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods were responsible for band-gap narrowing, which improved the visible light absorption capability. Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation.
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