1
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Yang J, An X, Lu B, Cao H, Cheng Z, Tong X, Liu H, Ni Y. Lignin: A multi-faceted role/function in 3D printing inks. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131364. [PMID: 38583844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
3D printing technology demonstrates significant potential for the rapid fabrication of tailored geometric structures. Nevertheless, the prevalent use of fossil-derived compositions in printable inks within the realm of 3D printing results in considerable environmental pollution and ecological consequences. Lignin, the second most abundant biomass source on earth, possesses attributes such as cost-effectiveness, renewability, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Enriched with active functional groups including hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and methyl, coupled with its rigid aromatic ring structure and inherent anti-oxidative and thermoplastic properties, lignin emerges as a promising candidate for formulating printable inks. This comprehensive review presents the utilization of lignin, either in conjunction with functional materials or through the modification of lignin derivatives, as the primary constituent (≥50 wt%) for formulating printable inks across photo-curing-based (SLA/DLP) and extrusion-based (DIW/FDM) printing technologies. Furthermore, lignin as an additive with multi-faceted roles/functions in 3D printing inks is explored. The effects of lignin on the properties of printing inks and printed objects are evaluated. Finally, this review outlines future perspectives, emphasizing key obstacles and potential opportunities for facilitating the high-value utilization of lignin in the realm of 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Xingye An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Bin Lu
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Haibing Cao
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Zhengbai Cheng
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Xin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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2
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Bergamasco S, Fiaschini N, Hein LA, Brecciaroli M, Vitali R, Romagnoli M, Rinaldi A. Electrospun PCL Filtration Membranes Enhanced with an Electrosprayed Lignin Coating to Control Wettability and Anti-Bacterial Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:674. [PMID: 38475357 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the two-step manufacturing process of a filtration media obtained by first electrospinning a layer of polycaprolactone (PCL) non-woven fibers onto a paper filter backing and subsequently coating it by electrospraying with a second layer made of pure acidolysis lignin. The manufacturing of pure lignin coatings by solution electrospraying represents a novel development that requires fine control of the underlying electrodynamic processing. The effect of increasing deposition time on the lignin coating was investigated for electrospray time from 2.5 min to 120 min. Microstructural and physical characterization included SEM, surface roughness analysis, porosity tests, permeability tests by a Gurley densometer, ATR-FTIR analysis, and contact angle measurements vs. both water and oil. The results indicate that, from a functional viewpoint, such a natural coating endowed the membrane with an amphiphilic behavior that enabled modulating the nature of the bare PCL non-woven substrate. Accordingly, the intrinsic hydrophobic behavior of bare PCL electrospun fibers could be reduced, with a marked decrease already for a thin coating of less than 50 nm. Instead, the wettability of PCL vs. apolar liquids was altered in a less predictable manner, i.e., producing an initial increase of the oil contact angles (OCA) for thin lignin coating, followed by a steady decrease in OCA for higher densities of deposited lignin. To highlight the effect of the lignin type on the results, two grades of oak (AL-OA) of the Quercus cerris L. species and eucalyptus (AL-EU) of the Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh species were compared throughout the investigation. All grades of lignin yielded coatings with measurable antibacterial properties, which were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, yielding superior results for AL-EU. Remarkably, the lignin coatings did not change overall porosity but smoothed the surface roughness and allowed modulating air permeability, which is relevant for filtration applications. The findings are relevant for applications of this abundant biopolymer not only for filtration but also in biotechnology, health, packaging, and circular economy applications in general, where the reuse of such natural byproducts also brings a fundamental demanufacturing advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bergamasco
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberta Vitali
- SSPT-TECS-TEB Laboratory, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Romagnoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonio Rinaldi
- SSPT-PROMAS-MATPRO Laboratory, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
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3
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Baniasadi H, Madani Z, Mohan M, Vaara M, Lipponen S, Vapaavuori J, Seppälä JV. Heat-Induced Actuator Fibers: Starch-Containing Biopolyamide Composites for Functional Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48584-48600. [PMID: 37787649 PMCID: PMC10591286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces the development of a thermally responsive shape-morphing fabric using low-melting-point polyamide shape memory actuators. To facilitate the blending of biomaterials, we report the synthesis and characterization of a biopolyamide with a relatively low melting point. Additionally, we present a straightforward and solvent-free method for the compatibilization of starch particles with the synthesized biopolyamide, aiming to enhance the sustainability of polyamide and customize the actuation temperature. Subsequently, homogeneous dispersion of up to 70 wt % compatibilized starch particles into the matrix is achieved. The resulting composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties comparable to those reported for soft and tough materials, making them well suited for textile integration. Furthermore, cyclic thermomechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the shape memory and shape recovery of both plain polyamide and composites. The results confirmed their remarkable shape recovery properties. To demonstrate the potential application of biocomposites in textiles, a heat-responsive fabric was created using thermoresponsive shape memory polymer actuators composed of a biocomposite containing 50 wt % compatibilized starch. This fabric demonstrates the ability to repeatedly undergo significant heat-induced deformations by opening and closing pores, thereby exposing hidden functionalities through heat stimulation. This innovative approach provides a convenient pathway for designing heat-responsive textiles, adding value to state-of-the-art smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zahra Madani
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mithila Mohan
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija Vaara
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Lipponen
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jukka V. Seppälä
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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4
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Huang S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Hua F, Xia X. Water and oil-grease barrier properties of PVA/CNF/MBP/AKD composite coating on paper. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12292. [PMID: 37516731 PMCID: PMC10387061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, three kinds of micro-nano bamboo powder (MBP) and alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) were added to the polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanofiber (PVA/CNF) coating to prepare PVA/CNF/MBP coated paper and PVA/CNF/M-MBP/AKD coated paper. The results showed that MBP improved the oleophobicity of PVA/CNF coating, and the grease resistance grade of PVA/CNF/B-MBP and PVA/CNF/M-MBP coated papers reached the highest level, with a kit number of 12. Among the PVA/CNF/MBP coated papers, the PVA/CNF/M-MBP coated paper has the best hydrophobic properties, with the water contact angle and Cobb value of 74° and 21.3 g/m2, respectively. In addition, when the AKD dosage was 0.2% in the PVA/CNF/M-MBP/AKD coating, the kit number of the coated paper was 11, the Cobb value was 15.2 g/m2, the water contact angle was 103°, and the tensile strength was found to increase slightly. Therefore, compared with PVA/CNF coated paper, PVA/CNF/M-MBP/AKD coated paper has good strength and excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shancong Huang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiyun Wang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Jinchang Specialty Paper Co., Ltd., Quzhou, 324404, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Zhejiang Jinchang Specialty Paper Co., Ltd., Quzhou, 324404, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feiguo Hua
- Zhejiang Jinchang Specialty Paper Co., Ltd., Quzhou, 324404, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinxing Xia
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Argyropoulos DDS, Crestini C, Dahlstrand C, Furusjö E, Gioia C, Jedvert K, Henriksson G, Hulteberg C, Lawoko M, Pierrou C, Samec JSM, Subbotina E, Wallmo H, Wimby M. Kraft Lignin: A Valuable, Sustainable Resource, Opportunities and Challenges. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300492. [PMID: 37493340 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Kraft lignin, a by-product from the production of pulp, is currently incinerated in the recovery boiler during the chemical recovery cycle, generating valuable bioenergy and recycling inorganic chemicals to the pulping process operation. Removing lignin from the black liquor or its gasification lowers the recovery boiler load enabling increased pulp production. During the past ten years, lignin separation technologies have emerged and the interest of the research community to valorize this underutilized resource has been invigorated. The aim of this Review is to give (1) a dedicated overview of the kraft process with a focus on the lignin, (2) an overview of applications that are being developed, and (3) a techno-economic and life cycle asseeements of value chains from black liquor to different products. Overall, it is anticipated that this effort will inspire further work for developing and using kraft lignin as a commodity raw material for new applications undeniably promoting pivotal global sustainability concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris D S Argyropoulos
- Departments of Chemistry and Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Claudia Crestini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Erik Furusjö
- Division of Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lindholmspiren 7 A, SE-41756, Göteborg, Sweden
- Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Universitetsområdet Porsön, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Claudio Gioia
- Department of physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Kerstin Jedvert
- Division of Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lindholmspiren 7 A, SE-41756, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Henriksson
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Hulteberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Lawoko
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clara Pierrou
- RenFuel Materials AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph S M Samec
- Ren Fuel K2B AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden
- RenFuel Materials AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arhenius väg 16 C, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elena Subbotina
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Martin Wimby
- Valmet AB, Regnbågsgatan 6, 41755, Göteborg, Sweden
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6
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Qiu J, Yuan S, Xiao H, Liu J, Shen T, Tan Z, Zhuang W, Ying H, Li M, Zhu C. Study on lignin amination for lignin/SiO 2 nano-hybrids towards sustainable natural rubber composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123547. [PMID: 36740123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-based hybrid fillers are of increasing importance with regards to the valorization of low-value biomass and the requirement of sustainability in rubber industry, however, a facile lignin modification approach tuning the supramolecular interactions to favor the assembly of the hybrids is in demand. This study aimed to design a lignin/SiO2 nano-hybrid via an in-situ assembly of diethylamine grafted lignin (DL) and SiO2, and investigate its reinforcing effect on natural rubber (NR). DL was prepared through Mannich modification of lignin, and the grafted diethylamine can be clearly identified by FTIR, NMR and elemental analysis. The resultant hybrid (DLSi) displays as homogeneous nanospheres with well integrated DL and SiO2 components as shown in the TEM images, and the hybrid (DLSi1) prepared with weight ratio of DL/SiO2 = 1/2 shows a minimum particle size of 101.8 nm and significantly reduced polarity. Compared to the reference composite filled only with carbon black (CB), NR composites filled with DLSi/CB of 10/40 phr shows comparable mechanical properties and reduced rolling resistance, which is due to the low particle size, homogenous dispersion and strong rubber-filler interfacial affinity. Such remarkable performance suggests that the DLSi hybrid can be a promising versatile biobased filler for the application in gasoline-saving "green" tires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Honggang Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinfu Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhuotao Tan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
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7
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Wang S, Muiruri JK, Soo XYD, Liu S, Thitsartarn W, Tan BH, Suwardi A, Li Z, Zhu Q, Loh XJ. Bio-Polypropylene and Polypropylene-based Biocomposites: Solutions for a Sustainable Future. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202200972. [PMID: 36461701 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is among the most widely used commodity plastics in our everyday life due to its low cost, lightweight, easy processability, and exceptional chemical, thermo-mechanical characteristics. The growing awareness on energy and environmental crisis has driven global efforts for creating a circular economy via developing sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional plastics produced from fossil fuels for a variety of end-use applications. This review paper presents a brief outline of the emerging bio-based PP derived from renewable natural resources, covering its production routes, market analysis and potential utilizations. This contribution also provides a comprehensive review of the PP-based biocomposites produced with diverse green fillers generated from agro-industrial wastes, with particular emphasis on the structural modification, processing techniques, mechanical properties, and practical applications. Furthermore, given that the majority of PP products are currently destined for landfills, research progress on enhancing the degradation of PP and its biocomposites is also presented in light of the environmental concerns. Finally, a brief conclusion with discussions on challenges and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxi Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08, Singapore, 03, 13863, Singapore
| | - Joseph Kinyanjui Muiruri
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xiang Yun Debbie Soo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08, Singapore, 03, 13863, Singapore
| | - Songlin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08, Singapore, 03, 13863, Singapore
| | - Warintorn Thitsartarn
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08, Singapore, 03, 13863, Singapore
| | - Beng Hoon Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08, Singapore, 03, 13863, Singapore
| | - Ady Suwardi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08, Singapore, 03, 13863, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08, Singapore, 03, 13863, Singapore.,Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08, Singapore, 03, 13863, Singapore.,Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore.,School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08, Singapore, 03, 13863, Singapore.,Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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8
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Effect of a novel bio-based β-nucleating agent on the properties of isotactic polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Esterified Lignin in Various Polymer Blends. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113219. [PMID: 34072077 PMCID: PMC8198513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant polymeric renewable material and thus a promising candidate for incorporation in various commercial thermoplastic polymers. One challenge is to increase the dispersibility of amphiphilic lignin in lipophilic thermoplastic polymers We altered Kraft lignin using widely available and renewable fatty acids, such as oleic acid, yielding more than 8 kg of lignin ester as a light brown powder. SEC showed a molecular weight of 5.8 kDa with a PDI = 3.80, while the Tg of the lignin ester was concluded to 70 °C. Furthermore, the lignin ester was incorporated (20%) into PLA, HDPE, and PP to establish the thermal and mechanical behavior of the blends. DSC and rheological measurements suggest that the lignin ester blends consist of a phase-separated system. The results demonstrate how esterification of lignin allows dispersion in all the evaluated thermoplastic polymers maintaining, to a large extent, the tensile properties of the original material. The impact strength of HDPE and PLA blends show substantial loss upon the addition of the lignin ester. Reconverting the acetic acid side stream into acetic anhydride and reusing the catalyst, the presented methodology can be scaled up to produce a lignin-based substitute to fossil materials.
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10
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Parit M, Jiang Z. Towards lignin derived thermoplastic polymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:3180-3197. [PMID: 33065157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant biobased material found on earth. It is produced mainly as a byproduct of pulp and paper industry and biorefineries. Despite its abundance, lignin valorization is not achieved on a large scale. Recently, there has been a growing demand for using the renewable and biodegradable raw materials in the commodity polymers. Potential use of lignin as a component in thermoplastic polymers is a promising approach for its value-added utilization. Given the vast applications of thermoplastic materials, there is lack of comprehensive review on lignin based thermoplastic polymers in literature. This review focuses on the utilization of lignin as functional and structural component of the thermoplastic polymers which requires structural modifications of lignin pertaining to the polymeric system. First, various lignin modifications were discussed in view of controlling the homogeneity, reactivity, processability and compatibility of lignin for successful thermoplastic copolymer synthesis and blend processing. Then, various copolymerization methodologies of lignin applicable for thermoplastic monomers are reviewed. Lastly, the lignin based thermoplastic blends are discussed which covers the lignin blends with various thermoplastic polymers and the chemical modifications required to improve its compatibility in polymer matrix. Some of the promising potential applications and future perspectives to achieve the goal of lignin-based commercial thermoplastics polymers are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Parit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; Alabama Center for Paper & Bioresource Engineering, Auburn University, 356 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; Alabama Center for Paper & Bioresource Engineering, Auburn University, 356 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
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11
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Alassod A, Gibril M, Islam SR, Huang W, Xu G. Polypropylene/lignin blend monoliths used as sorbent in oil spill cleanup. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04591. [PMID: 32944663 PMCID: PMC7481537 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing industrial development, frequent oil spillages in water; therefore, it is imperative and challenging to develop absorbents materials that are eco-efficiency, cost-effective, and pollution prevention. In this study, sorbents obtained from Lignin incorporated with Polypropylene in different levels loading 0, 10, 20 % wt using thermally induced phase separation Technique (TIPS). The Polypropylene/Lignin blend monoliths were fabricated and compared in terms of morphological, thermal, and wetting characterizations. The successfully blending of different lignin concentrations with preserved the chemical structure of the polymer was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Thermogravimetric tests displayed that the existence of Lignin has changed the onset temperature (Tonset) of the blending sorbents, decreasing as the loading of Lignin is increased. The contact angle measurement showed a decrease in the hydrophobicity of sorbents with increasing lignin loading, Polypropylene/Lignin blend monoliths showed better absorption toward oils (soybean - engine) as compared to Polypropylene itself. PP10L showed an improvement in the oil sorption capacity around 2 times compared to the Polypropylene. These excellent features make Polypropylene/Lignin blend monoliths more competitive promising candidates than commercial absorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Alassod
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Magdi Gibril
- Qilu University, Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, China
| | | | - Wanzhen Huang
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guangbiao Xu
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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12
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Goliszek M, Podkościelna B, Sevastyanova O, Gawdzik B, Chabros A. The Influence of Lignin Diversity on the Structural and Thermal Properties of Polymeric Microspheres Derived from Lignin, Styrene, and/or Divinylbenzene. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12182847. [PMID: 31487838 PMCID: PMC6766059 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates the impact of lignin origin and structural characteristics, such as molecular weight and functionality, on the properties of corresponding porous biopolymeric microspheres obtained through suspension-emulsion polymerization of lignin with styrene (St) and/or divinylbenzene (DVB). Two types of kraft lignin, which are softwood (Picea abies L.) and hardwood (Eucalyptus grandis), fractionated by common industrial solvents, and related methacrylates, were used in the synthesis. The presence of the appropriate functional groups in the lignins and in the corresponding microspheres were investigated by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR), while the thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The texture of the microspheres was characterized using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The swelling studies were performed in typical organic solvents and distilled water. The shapes of the microspheres were confirmed with an optical microscope. The introduction of lignin into a St and/or DVB polymeric system made it possible to obtain highly porous functionalized microspheres that increase their sorption potential. Lignin methacrylates created a polymer network with St and DVB, whereas the unmodified lignin acted mainly as an eco-friendly filler in the pores of St-DVB or DVB microspheres. The incorporation of biopolymer into the microspheres could be a promising alternative to a modification of synthetic materials and a better utilization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Goliszek
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Beata Podkościelna
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Olena Sevastyanova
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Gawdzik
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Chabros
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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13
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Avelino F, de Oliveira DR, Mazzetto SE, Lomonaco D. Poly(methyl methacrylate) films reinforced with coconut shell lignin fractions to enhance their UV-blocking, antioxidant and thermo-mechanical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:171-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Soni N, Shah NN, Singhal RS. Dodecenyl succinylated guar gum hydrolysate as a wall material for microencapsulation: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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16
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Pregi E, Kun D, Vu V, Pukánszky B. Structure evolution in poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)/lignin blends: Effect of interactions and composition. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Evaluation of sorption capabilities of biopolymeric microspheres by the solid-phase extraction. ADSORPTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-019-00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Ye J, Lou X, Wu C, Wu S, Ding M, Sun L, Jia C. Ion Selectivity and Stability Enhancement of SPEEK/Lignin Membrane for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: The Degree of Sulfonation Effect. Front Chem 2018; 6:549. [PMID: 30483496 PMCID: PMC6240590 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A membrane of high ion selectivity, high stability, and low cost is desirable for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB). In this study, a composite membrane is formed by blending the sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) with lignin (SPEEK/lignin), and optimized by tailoring the degree of sulfonation. The incorporation of lignin into the SPEEK matrix provides more proton transport pathway and meanwhile adjusts the water channel to repulse vanadium ions. The VRB cells assembled with the composite membranes exhibit high coulombic efficiency (~99.27%) and impressive energy efficiency (~82.75%). The cells maintain a discharge capacity of ~95% after 100 cycles and ~85% after 200 cycles at 120 mA cm−2, much higher than the commercial Nafion 212. The SPEEK/lignin composite membranes are promising for application in VRB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuechun Lou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Sujuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lidong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuankun Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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19
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Wang F, Zhou S, Yang M, Chen Z, Ran S. Thermo-Mechanical Performance of Polylactide Composites Reinforced with Alkali-Treated Bamboo Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E401. [PMID: 30966436 PMCID: PMC6415211 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, polylactide acid (PLA) is filled with bamboo fibers (BFs) to fabricate a biodegradable natural composite for industrial applications. The influence of pre-treatment of BFs using 4 wt % sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at room temperature for 1 h on thermal and mechanical properties of resultant composites is systematically investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that the incorporation of treated BFs promotes higher glass transition and crystallization temperatures of the resultant composites relative to untreated fiber composites, whereas alkali treatment results in superior thermal stability. Furthermore, the fracture surfaces are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The changes in morphology reveal the possible dissolution of hemicellulose and lignin by alkalization with NaOH, indicative of an improved interfacial adhesion. An increment in the tensile strength of composites is achieved through the reinforcement with treated fibers. However, a lower tensile modulus is found for composites reinforced with chemically modified BFs, which might be due to the partial conversion of cellulose I into II. The results highlight that the use of BFs could be a feasible candidate as reinforcements for the development of biodegradable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Shujue Zhou
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Mengqing Yang
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhiqian Chen
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Siyan Ran
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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20
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Montgomery JD, Lancefield CS, Miles-Barrett DM, Ackermann K, Bode BE, Westwood NJ, Lebl T. Fractionation and DOSY NMR as Analytical Tools: From Model Polymers to a Technical Lignin. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8466-8474. [PMID: 31457383 PMCID: PMC6645228 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
One key challenge hindering the valorization of lignin is its structural complexity. Artificial lignin-like materials provide a stepping stone between the simplicity of model compounds and the complexity of lignin. Here, we report an optimized synthesis of an all-G β-O-4 polymer 1 designed to model softwood lignin. After acetylation, the polymer Ac-1(V) was fractionated using a protocol that involved only volatile organic solvents, which left no insoluble residue. Using diffusion ordered spectroscopy NMR in combination with gel permeation chromatography, it was revealed that this fractionated material behaved like a flexible linear polymer in solution (average α > 0.5). Acetylated kraft lignin was subsequently processed using the same fractionation protocol. By comparison with the model polymer, we propose that the acetylated kraft lignin is composed of two classes of materials that exhibit contrasting physical properties. One is comparable to the acetylated all-G β-O-4 polymer Ac-1, and the second has a significantly different macromolecular structure.
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21
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Ge M, Miao JT, Yuan L, Guan Q, Liang G, Gu A. Building and origin of bio-based bismaleimide resins with good processability, high thermal, and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Ge
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Jia-Tao Miao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Li Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Guozheng Liang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Aijuan Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
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22
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Ye D, Kong J, Gu S, Zhou Y, Huang C, Xu W, Zhang X. Selective aminolysis of acetylated lignin: Toward simultaneously improving thermal-oxidative stability and maintaining mechanical properties of polypropylene. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:775-781. [PMID: 29111268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Even with outstanding radical capturing ability, the utilization of lignin as a natural antioxidant in polypropylene (PP) still has been pended. Usually, the compatibility of its blends is improved based on the reaction of hydroxyl content, thus leading to the decreasing content of phenolic hydroxyl (Ph-OH) group and inferior thermal-oxidative stability of lignin blends. Here, the selective aminolysis of acetylated Kraft lignin (pyr-KL) was investigated, which structures were characterized using FTIR, 31P-NMR and GPC. The Ph-OH group of acetylated KL could be released by the addition of pyrrolidine; however the aliphatic hydroxyl group is still blocked. With the control of reaction conditions, the highest oxidation induction time of pyr-KL/PP (0.5wt% loading) reaches up to 22.6min, almost 2.6 times than that of pure PP. More importantly, the mechanical properties of PP were also maintained under the loading of pyr-KL, which is much better than that of curde KL/PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhan Ye
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for New Textile Materials & Advanced Processing Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, China.
| | - Jinfeng Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, China
| | - Shaojin Gu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for New Textile Materials & Advanced Processing Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, China
| | - Yingshan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for New Textile Materials & Advanced Processing Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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