1
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Pooja N, Chakraborty I, Rahman MH, Mazumder N. An insight on sources and biodegradation of bioplastics: a review. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:220. [PMID: 37265543 PMCID: PMC10230146 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Durability and affordability are two main reasons for the widespread consumption of plastic in the world. However, the inability of these materials to undergo degradation has become a significant threat to the environment and human health To address this issue, bioplastics have emerged as a promising alternative. Bioplastics are obtained from renewable and sustainable biomass and have a lower carbon footprint and emit fewer greenhouse gases than petroleum-based plastics. The use of these bioplastics sourced from renewable biomass can also reduce the dependency on fossil fuels, which are limited in availability. This review provides an elaborate comparison of biodegradation rates of potential bioplastics in soil from various sources such as biomass, microorganisms, and monomers. These bioplastics show great potential as a replacement for conventional plastics due to their biodegradable and diverse properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nag Pooja
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Ishita Chakraborty
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Md. Hafizur Rahman
- Department of Quality Control and Safety Management, Faculty of Food Sciences and Safety, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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2
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Alshammari S, Ameli A. Polylactic acid biocomposites with high loadings of melt-flowable organosolv lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125094. [PMID: 37245743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) was blended with a new type of organosolv lignin, called Bioleum (BL) using a melt extrusion method to obtain biocomposites with BL loadings as high as 40 wt%. Two plasticizers, namely polyethylene glycol (PEG) and triethyl citrate (TEC) were also introduced to the material system. Gel permeation chromatography, rheological analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and tensile testing were performed to characterize the biocomposites. The results revealed that BL exhibits a melt-flowable characteristic. The biocomposites' tensile strength was found to be higher than most of the previously reported cases. Overall, the BL domain size increased as the BL content was increased, causing a drop in the strength and ductility. Even though the addition of both PEG and TEC improved the ductility, PEG proved to significantly outperform TEC. With the introduction of 5 wt% PEG, the elongation at break of PLA_BL20 was increased >9 times, even exceeding that of the neat PLA by several folds. Consequently, PLA_BL20_PEG5 produced a toughness that is twice as the of the neat PLA. The findings suggest a great promise of BL to develop scalable and melt processable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shallal Alshammari
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Amir Ameli
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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3
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Zhao X, Yu J, Liang X, Huang Z, Li J, Peng S. Crystallization behaviors regulations and mechanical performances enhancement approaches of polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradable materials modified by organic nucleating agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123581. [PMID: 36758767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted much attention because of its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties. However, the slow crystallization rate of PLA during molding leads to its poor heat resistance, which limit its diffusion for many industrial applications. In this review, the relationship between PLA crystallization and its molecular structure and processing conditions is summarized. From the perspective of the regulation of PLA crystallization by organic nucleating agents, the research progress of organic micromolecule (e.g., esters, amides, and hydrazides), organic salt, supramolecular, and macromolecule nucleating agents on the crystallization behavior of PLA is mainly introduced. The nucleation mechanism of PLA is expounded by organic nucleating agents, and the effect of the interaction force between organic nucleating agents and PLA molecular chains on the crystallization behavior of PLA is analyzed. The effects of the crystallization behavior of PLA on its mechanical properties and heat resistance are discussed. It will provide a theoretical reference for the development and application of high-efficiency nucleating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipo Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Jiajie Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zepeng Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Juncheng Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shaoxian Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
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4
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Tournier V, Duquesne S, Guillamot F, Cramail H, Taton D, Marty A, André I. Enzymes' Power for Plastics Degradation. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5612-5701. [PMID: 36916764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are everywhere in our modern way of living, and their production keeps increasing every year, causing major environmental concerns. Nowadays, the end-of-life management involves accumulation in landfills, incineration, and recycling to a lower extent. This ecological threat to the environment is inspiring alternative bio-based solutions for plastic waste treatment and recycling toward a circular economy. Over the past decade, considerable efforts have been made to degrade commodity plastics using biocatalytic approaches. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the recent advances in enzyme-based biocatalysis and in the design of related biocatalytic processes to recycle or upcycle commodity plastics, including polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and polyolefins. We also discuss scope and limitations, challenges, and opportunities of this field of research. An important message from this review is that polymer-assimilating enzymes are very likely part of the solution to reaching a circular plastic economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Tournier
- Carbios, Parc Cataroux-Bâtiment B80, 8 rue de la Grolière, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Duquesne
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France, 135, avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Frédérique Guillamot
- Carbios, Parc Cataroux-Bâtiment B80, 8 rue de la Grolière, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Henri Cramail
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alain Marty
- Carbios, Parc Cataroux-Bâtiment B80, 8 rue de la Grolière, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France, 135, avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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5
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Arslan AK, Aydoğdu A, Tolunay T, Basat Ç, Bircan R, Demirbilek M. The effect of alginate scaffolds on bone healing in defects formed with drilling model in rat femur diaphysis. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1299-1308. [PMID: 36786191 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Alginate (ALG) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. Mechanical weakness is one of the main problems for the alginate-based scaffolds. Various plasticizer additives or modifications tested to improve the mechanical properties. In the presented study, ALG plasticized with triacetin (TA), and tributyl citrate (TBC) than tested on bone healing. In the presented study, the alginate modified with triacetin or tributyl citrate. In-vitro, and in-vivo efficiency of the scaffolds tested on bone tissue regeneration. Scaffolds fabricated by solvent casting, and physicochemical characterizations performed. Monocytes (THP-1) cultured with scaffolds, and macrophage-released cytokines was determined. In-vivo efficacy of the scaffolds was tested in the rat drill hole model. Alginate and tributyl citrate-modified scaffolds have no cytotoxic effect on osteoblastic cells (MC-3T3). Tributyl citrate modification increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) level but did not increase interleukin -1 beta (IL-1 beta) level. In vivo studies showed that osteoblastic growth was significant in alginate and triacetin-modified scaffolds. However, the best values for osteoclastic activity and osteoid tissue formation seen in the triacetin modification. The results demonstrated that the modified alginate scaffolds were more successful than non-modified alginate scaffolds and can used as long-term bone repairing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Kagan Arslan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydoğdu
- Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Tolga Tolunay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Basat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Resul Bircan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Demirbilek
- Biology Department, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Patel MK, Zaccone M, De Brauwer L, Nair R, Monti M, Martinez-Nogues V, Frache A, Oksman K. Improvement of Poly(lactic acid)-Poly(hydroxy butyrate) Blend Properties for Use in Food Packaging: Processing, Structure Relationships. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5104. [PMID: 36501498 PMCID: PMC9736990 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid)-poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PLA-PHB)-based nanocomposite films were prepared with bio-based additives (CNCs and ChNCs) and oligomer lactic acid (OLA) compatibilizer using extrusion and then blown to films at pilot scale. The aim was to identify suitable material formulations and nanocomposite production processes for film production at a larger scale targeting food packaging applications. The film-blowing process for both the PLA-PHB blend and CNC-nanocomposite was unstable and led to non-homogeneous films with wrinkles and creases, while the blowing of the ChNC-nanocomposite was stable and resulted in a smooth and homogeneous film. The optical microscopy of the blown nanocomposite films indicated well-dispersed chitin nanocrystals while the cellulose crystals were agglomerated to micrometer-size particles. The addition of the ChNCs also resulted in the improved mechanical performance of the PLA-PHB blend due to well-dispersed crystals in the nanoscale as well as the interaction between biopolymers and the chitin nanocrystals. The strength increased from 27 MPa to 37 MPa compared to the PLA-PHB blend and showed almost 36 times higher elongation at break resulting in 10 times tougher material. Finally, the nanocomposite film with ChNCs showed improved oxygen barrier performance as well as faster degradation, indicating its potential exploitation for packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitul Kumar Patel
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Marta Zaccone
- Proplast, Via Roberto di Ferro 86, 15122 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Laurens De Brauwer
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Rodenhuizekaai 1, 9042 Gent, Belgium
| | - Rakesh Nair
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Rodenhuizekaai 1, 9042 Gent, Belgium
| | - Marco Monti
- Proplast, Via Roberto di Ferro 86, 15122 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Frache
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and Local INSTM Unit, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering (MIE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
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7
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Liu Q, Hong Y, Wang C, Liu Y, Liu C. Tri(3‐alkoxyl‐3‐oxopropyl) phosphine oxides derived from
PH
3
tail gas as a novel phosphorus‐containing plasticizer for polylactide. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Lin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jianghan University Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
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8
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Patel M, Hansson F, Pitkänen O, Geng S, Oksman K. Biopolymer Blends of Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(hydroxybutyrate) and Their Functionalization with Glycerol Triacetate and Chitin Nanocrystals for Food Packaging Applications. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:6592-6601. [PMID: 36119407 PMCID: PMC9469702 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biopolymer that has potential for use in food packaging applications; however, its low crystallinity and poor gas barrier properties limit its use. This study aimed to increase the understanding of the structure property relation of biopolymer blends and their nanocomposites. The crystallinity of the final materials and their effect on barrier properties was studied. Two strategies were performed: first, different concentrations of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB; 10, 25, and 50 wt %) were compounded with PLA to facilitate the PHB spherulite development, and then, for further increase of the overall crystallinity, glycerol triacetate (GTA) functionalized chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) were added. The PLA:PHB blend with 25 wt % PHB showed the formation of many very small PHB spherulites with the highest PHB crystallinity among the examined compositions and was selected as the matrix for the ChNC nanocomposites. Then, ChNCs with different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 wt %) were added to the 75:25 PLA:PHB blend using the liquid-assisted extrusion process in the presence of GTA. The addition of the ChNCs resulted in an improvement in the crystallization rate and degree of PHB crystallinity as well as mechanical properties. The nanocomposite with the highest crystallinity resulted in greatly decreased oxygen (O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) permeability and increased the overall mechanical properties compared to the blend with GTA. This study shows that the addition ChNCs in PLA:PHB can be a possible way to reach suitable gas barrier properties for food packaging films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitul
Kumar Patel
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Freja Hansson
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Olli Pitkänen
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Shiyu Geng
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden
- Mechanical
& Industrial Engineering (MIE), University
of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center (WWSC); Luleå
University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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9
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Recent advances in fabrication of food grade oleogels: structuring methods, functional properties and technical feasibility in food products. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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10
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Aouay M, Magnin A, Putaux JL, Boufi S. Biobased nucleation agents for poly-L-(lactic acid) - Effect on crystallization, rheological and mechanical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:588-600. [PMID: 35843401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the nucleating aptitude for poly-L-(lactic acid) (PLLA) of several biobased nanoparticles (NPs) with different morphologies and surface properties, including cellulose nanofibrils with and without lignin (LCNFs and CNFs) as well as cellulose, chitin and starch nanocrystals (CNCs, ChNCs and SNCs), was investigated. A single melt-processing step using a small amount of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as carrier for the NPs was adopted to prepare films with the same nanofiller content of 1 wt%. The nucleation efficiency was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry using Avrami's and Lauritzen-Hoffman's secondary nucleation theory. The crystallization half-time was found to change considerably according to the morphology and surface properties of the NPs, with the lowest time observed for CNFs and CNCs, followed by ChNCs, SNCs and LCNFs. Comparing the surface energy components of the different nucleating agents, it was found that the nanofiller with the highest γp had the lowest t1/2 and demonstrated the most effective nucleating aptitude. The evolution of the melt rheological properties of the different compositions, and the mechanical and optical properties of the films with and without a short annealing treatment were also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aouay
- University of Sfax, LMSE, Faculty of Science, BP 802, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Albert Magnin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sami Boufi
- University of Sfax, LMSE, Faculty of Science, BP 802, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
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11
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Influence of Chitin Nanocrystals on the Crystallinity and Mechanical Properties of Poly(hydroxybutyrate) Biopolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030562. [PMID: 35160551 PMCID: PMC8840629 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the use of pilot-scale produced polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) biopolymer and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) in two different concentrated (1 and 5 wt.%) nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were compounded using a twin-screw extruder and calendered into sheets. The crystallization was studied using polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, the thermal properties were studied using thermogravimetric analysis, the viscosity was studied using a shear rheometer, the mechanical properties were studied using conventional tensile testing, and the morphology of the prepared material was studied using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of ChNCs significantly affected the crystallization of PHB, resulting in slower crystallization, lower overall crystallinity, and smaller crystal size. Furthermore, the addition of ChNCs resulted in increased viscosity in the final formulations. The calendering process resulted in slightly aligned sheets and the nanocomposites with 5 wt.% ChNCs evaluated along the machine direction showed the highest mechanical properties, the strength increased from 24 to 33 MPa, while the transversal direction with lower initial strength at 14 MPa was improved to 21 MPa.
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12
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Synthesis of esters derived from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and study of its plasticizing effects on poly(lactic acid). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Ma B, Wang X, He Y, Dong Z, Zhang X, Chen X, Liu T. Effect of poly(lactic acid) crystallization on its mechanical and heat resistance performances. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Li J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Wu D. Surface chain engineering of chitin nanocrystals towards tailoring the nucleating capacities for poly(β-hydroxybutyrate). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:967-976. [PMID: 33144256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitin nanocrystal (ChNC) is good nucleation agent for aliphatic polyesters because of its high-energy surface. To moderate its nucleation activity, silane coupling agents with different chain lengths or functional groups were used to modify ChNCs in this work, and biodegradable poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was used as target polymer for crystallization study. Surface coupling of ChNCs improves their phase adhesion to PHB chain and weakens their nucleation activities. The alterations strongly depend on the surface chain structure of ChNCs: sulfhydryl silane-coupled ChNC shows lowered nucleation activity, whereas amino silane-coupled ChNCs even become antinucleation agents. The interfacial compatibility is vital to altered role of ChNCs and to following changes in spherulite growth and ring-banded morphology, which is further disclosed using Flory-Huggins interaction parameters and rheological responses as probes. This work provides useful information on tailoring the functions of ChNCs as nanoadditive for biodegradable aliphatic polyesters by the way of surface chain engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China
| | - Yuankun Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jinsen Photoelectric Material Co. Ltd., Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - Defeng Wu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratories of Environmental Materials & Engineering, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China.
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15
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Varol N, Delpouve N, Araujo S, Domenek S, Guinault A, Golovchak R, Ingram A, Delbreilh L, Dargent E. Amorphous rigidification and cooperativity drop in semi−crystalline plasticized polylactide. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Singh S, Patel M, Schwendemann D, Zaccone M, Geng S, Maspoch ML, Oksman K. Effect of Chitin Nanocrystals on Crystallization and Properties of Poly(lactic acid)-Based Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E726. [PMID: 32214000 PMCID: PMC7183044 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystalline phase of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has crucial effects on its own properties and nanocomposites. In this study, the isothermal crystallization of PLA, triethyl citrate-plasticized PLA (PLA-TEC), and its nanocomposite with chitin nanocrystals (PLA-TEC-ChNC) at different temperatures and times was investigated, and the resulting properties of the materials were characterized. Both PLA and PLA-TEC showed extremely low crystallinity at isothermal temperatures of 135, 130, 125 °C and times of 5 or 15 min. In contrast, the addition of 1 wt % of ChNCs significantly improved the crystallinity of PLA under the same conditions owing to the nucleation effect of the ChNCs. The samples were also crystallized at 110 °C to reach their maximal crystallinity, and PLA-TEC-ChNC achieved 48% crystallinity within 5 min, while PLA and PLA-TEC required 40 min to reach a similar level. Moreover, X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the addition of ChNCs resulted in smaller crystallite sizes, which further influenced the barrier properties and hydrolytic degradation of the PLA. The nanocomposites had considerably lower barrier properties and underwent faster degradation compared to PLA-TEC110. These results confirm that the addition of ChNCs in PLA leads to promising properties for packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Singh
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.S.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (S.G.)
- Centre Català del Plàstic (CCP), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC), C/Colom 114, Terrassa 08222, Spain;
| | - Mitul Patel
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.S.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Daniel Schwendemann
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.S.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (S.G.)
- IWK Institut für Werkstofftechnik und Kunststoffverarbeitung, CH-8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland
| | - Marta Zaccone
- Proplast, Via Roberto di Ferro 86, 15122 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Shiyu Geng
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.S.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Lluisa Maspoch
- Centre Català del Plàstic (CCP), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC), C/Colom 114, Terrassa 08222, Spain;
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.S.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (S.G.)
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3BS, Canada
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Abstract
In this study, the novel ternary green polymer composites of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/poly(ethylene adipate)/hexagonal boron nitride (PLLA/PEA/h-BN) were synthesized and prepared. The crystallization rate of the biodegradable polymer PLLA in the composite was significantly increased with the addition of PEA and functional h-BN. In ternary PLLA/PEA/h-BN composites, PEA can be used as a plasticizer, while h-BN is a functional nucleation agent for PLLA. The analysis of the isothermal crystallization kinetics by the Avrami equation shows that the rate constant k of the ternary PLLA/PEA/h-BN composite represents the highest value, indicating the highest crystallization in the ternary composite. Adding h-BN in the composite can further increase the k value and increase the crystallization rate. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) images reveal that h-BN is an effective nucleation agent that increases the nucleation density of composites. Analysis of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) further confirmed that the crystalline structures of PLLA were unchanged by the addition of PEA and h-BN. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the h-BN particles are uniformly distributed in the composite. The distribution of h-BN having a particle size of a few hundred nm causes an effective nucleation effect and promotes the crystallization of the ternary composites.
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18
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Modulating the properties of polylactic acid for packaging applications using biobased plasticizers and naturally obtained fillers. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 153:1165-1175. [PMID: 31756463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The properties of PLA films intended for packaging applications have been modulated by using bio-based platicizers and naturally obtained fillers. Triethyl citrate (TEC) and glycerol triacetate (GTA) have been used as platicizers and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and chitosan have been used as fillers. The addition of 10 wt% TEC, 10 wt% GTA and 3 wt% HNT improves the ductility of PLA films, however, reduces the tensile modulus and tensile strength. Addition of chitosan (1 wt%), on the other hand, acts as a good reinforcing filler and improves the tensile strength and tensile modulus. PLA-HNT-chitosan film show comparable tensile strength, tensile modulus and ~12 times higher elongation at break compared to pure PLA. Besides, PLA-HNT-chitosan film demonstrates very good barrier properties against moisture and ultraviolet (UV) rays. Additionally, its antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus are found to be around 80% and 70%, respectively. The study demonstrates the complementary effects of HNT and chitosan to modulate the properties of PLA film and indicates that the PLA-HNT-chitosan film can emerge as a very potent material for packaging applications.
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