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de Souza JB, Sommerfeld S, Almeida-Souza HO, Vaz ER, Bastos LM, Santos FDAA, Rodrigues AC, Medeiros-Ronchi AA, Goulart LR, Fonseca BB. A new standardization for the use of chicken embryo: selection of target from the phage display library and infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:412. [PMID: 38985354 PMCID: PMC11236870 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The filamentous bacteriophage M13KO7 (M13) is the most used in phage display (PD) technology and, like other phages, has been applied in several areas of medicine, agriculture, and in the food industry. One of the advantages is that they can modulate the immune response in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses. This study evaluated the use of phage M13 in the chicken embryos model. We inoculated 13-day-old chicken embryos with Salmonella Pullorum (SP) and then evaluated survival for the presence of phage M13 or E. coli ER2738 (ECR) infected with M13. We found that the ECR bacterium inhibits SP multiplication in 0.32 (M13-infected ECR) or 0.44 log UFC/mL (M13-uninfected ECR) and that the ECR-free phage M13 from the PD library can be used in chicken embryo models. This work provides the use of the chicken embryo as a model to study systemic infection and can be employed as an analysis tool for various peptides that M13 can express from PD selection. KEY POINTS: • SP-infected chicken embryo can be a helpful model of systemic infection for different tests. • Phage M13 does not lead to embryonic mortality or cause serious injury to embryos. • Phage M13 from the PD library can be used in chicken embryo model tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Brito de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Simone Sommerfeld
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Hebréia Oliveira Almeida-Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
| | - Emília Rezende Vaz
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luciana Machado Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Almeida Araújo Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Castro Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Belchiolina Beatriz Fonseca
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
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2
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Li J, Brachtlova T, van der Meulen-Muileman IH, Kleerebezem S, Liu C, Li P, van Beusechem VW. Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Tumor Models for Experimental Cancer Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15425. [PMID: 37895104 PMCID: PMC10607033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To promote the preclinical development of new treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we established NSCLC xenograft tumor assays on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryos. Five NSCLC cell lines were compared for tumor take rate, tumor growth, and embryo survival. Two of these, A549 and H460 CAM tumors, were histologically characterized and tested for susceptibility to systemic chemotherapy and gene delivery using viral vectors. All cell lines were efficiently engrafted with minimal effect on embryo survival. The A549 cells formed slowly growing tumors, with a relatively uniform distribution of cancer cells and stroma cells, while the H460 cells formed large tumors containing mostly proliferating cancer cells in a bed of vascularized connective tissue. Tumor growth was inhibited via systemic treatment with Pemetrexed and Cisplatin, a chemotherapy combination that is often used to treat patients with advanced NSCLC. Lentiviral and adenoviral vectors expressing firefly luciferase transduced NSCLC tumors in vivo. The adenovirus vector yielded more than 100-fold higher luminescence intensities after a single administration than could be achieved with multiple lentiviral vector deliveries. The adenovirus vector also transduced CAM tissue and organs of developing embryos. Adenovirus delivery to tumors was 100-10,000-fold more efficient than to embryo organs. In conclusion, established human NSCLC-CAM tumor models provide convenient in vivo assays to rapidly evaluate new cancer therapies, particularly cancer gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tereza Brachtlova
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ORCA Therapeutics BV, Onderwijsboulevard 225, 5223 DE 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Ida H van der Meulen-Muileman
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Kleerebezem
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chang Liu
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peiyu Li
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W van Beusechem
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ORCA Therapeutics BV, Onderwijsboulevard 225, 5223 DE 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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Han SC, Huang RP, Zhang QY, Yan CY, Li XY, Li YF, He RR, Li WX. Antialcohol and Hepatoprotective Effects of Tamarind Shell Extract on Ethanol-Induced Damage to HepG2 Cells and Animal Models. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051078. [PMID: 36900595 PMCID: PMC10000874 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading outcomes of acute and chronic liver injury. Accumulative evidence has confirmed that oxidative stress is involved in the development of ALD. In this study, we used chick embryos to establish ALD model to study the hepatoprotective effects of tamarind shell exttract (TSE). Chick embryos received 25% ethanol (75 μL) and TSE (250, 500, 750 μg/egg/75 μL) from embryonic development day (EDD) 5.5. Both ethanol and TSE were administrated every two days until EDD15. Ethanol-exposed zebrafish and HepG2 cell model were also employed. The results suggested that TSE effectively reversed the pathological changes, liver dysfunction and ethanol-metabolic enzyme disorder in ethanol-treated chick embryo liver, zebrafish and HepG2 cells. TSE suppressed the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in zebrafish and HepG2 cells, as well as rebuilt the irrupted mitochondrial membrane potential. Meanwhile, the declined antioxidative activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), together with the content of total glutathione (T-GSH) were recovered by TSE. Moreover, TSE upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxyense-1 (HO-1) expression in protein and mRNA level. All the phenomena suggested that TSE attenuated ALD through activating NRF2 to repress the oxidative stress induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cong Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rong-Ping Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiong-Yi Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chang-Yu Yan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xi-You Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Xi Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-0885-7436
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4
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Fischer D, Fluegen G, Garcia P, Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N, Gribaldo L, Huang RYJ, Rasche V, Ribatti D, Rousset X, Pinto MT, Viallet J, Wang Y, Schneider-Stock R. The CAM Model-Q&A with Experts. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010191. [PMID: 36612187 PMCID: PMC9818221 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), as an extraembryonic tissue layer generated by the fusion of the chorion with the vascularized allantoic membrane, is easily accessible for manipulation. Indeed, grafting tumor cells on the CAM lets xenografts/ovografts develop in a few days for further investigations. Thus, the CAM model represents an alternative test system that is a simple, fast, and low-cost tool to study tumor growth, drug response, or angiogenesis in vivo. Recently, a new era for the CAM model in immune-oncology-based drug discovery has been opened up. Although there are many advantages offering extraordinary and unique applications in cancer research, it has also disadvantages and limitations. This review will discuss the pros and cons with experts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Fischer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Fluegen
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery (A), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul Garcia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France
- R&D Department, Inovotion, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Nassim Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy
- SFL Chicken CAM Lab, Department of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Gribaldo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Volker Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marta Texeira Pinto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jean Viallet
- R&D Department, Inovotion, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Yan Wang
- R&D Department, Inovotion, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 94054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8526-069
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5
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Wallace SJ, de Solla SR, Langlois VS. Phenology of the transcriptome coincides with the physiology of double-crested cormorant embryonic development. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 44:101029. [PMID: 36302318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rigorous timing of the dynamic transcriptome within the embryo has to be well orchestrated for normal development. Identifying the phenology of the transcriptome along with the physiology of embryonic development in birds may suggest periods of increased sensitivity to contaminant exposure depending on the contaminant's mechanism of action. Double-crested cormorants (Nannopterum auritum, formerly Phalacrocorax auritus) are commonly used in ecotoxicological studies, but relatively little is known about their functional transcriptome profile in early development. In this study, we tracked the phenology of the transcriptome during N. auritum embryogenesis. Fresh eggs were collected from a reference site and artificially incubated from collection until four days prior to hatching. Embryos were periodically sampled throughout incubation for a total of seven time points. A custom microarray was designed for cormorants (over 14,000 probes) and used for transcriptome analysis in whole body (days 5, 8) and liver tissue (days 12, 14, 16, 20, 24). Three main developmental periods (early, mid, and late incubation) were identified with differentially expressed genes, gene sets, and pathways within and between each developmental transition. Overall, the timing of differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways corresponded to previously documented changes in morphology, neurology, or physiology during avian embryonic development. Targeted investigation of a subset of genes involved in endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism (e.g., cytochrome P450 cyp1a, cyp1b1, superoxide dismutase 1 sod1) were expressed in a pattern similar to reported endogenous compound levels. These data can provide insights on normal embryonic development in an ecologically relevant species without any environmental contaminant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Wallace
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec, QC, Canada. https://twitter.com/@sjwallace06
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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6
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Prenatal thermal stress affects acute-phase proteins, heat shock protein 70, and circulating corticosterone in developing broiler embryos and neonates. J Therm Biol 2022; 109:103328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Sommerfeld S, Mundim AV, Silva RR, Queiroz JS, Rios MP, Notário FO, Medeiros Ronchi AA, Beletti ME, Franco RR, Espindola FS, Goulart LR, Fonseca BB. Physiological Changes in Chicken Embryos Inoculated with Drugs and Viruses Highlight the Need for More Standardization of this Animal Model. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1156. [PMID: 35565581 PMCID: PMC9099557 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have been developed using the Gallus gallus embryo as an experimental model to study the toxicity of drugs and infections. Studies that seek to standardize the evaluated parameters are needed to better understand and identify the viability of CEs as an experimental model. Therefore, we sought to verify whether macroscopic, histopathological, blood count, metabolites and/or enzymes changes and oxidative stress in CE of different ages are specific to the model. To achieve this goal, in ovo assays were performed by injecting a virus (Gammacoronavirus) and two drugs (filgrastim and dexamethasone) that cause known changes in adult animals. Although congestion and inflammatory infiltrate were visible in the case of viral infections, the white blood cell count and inflammation biomarkers did not change. Filgrastim (FG) testing did not increase granulocytes as we expected. On the other hand, CE weight and red blood cell count were lower with dexamethasone (DX), whereas white blood cell count and biomarkers varied depended on the stage of CE development. Our work reinforces the importance of standardization and correct use of the model so that the results of infection, toxicity and pharmacokinetics are reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sommerfeld
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-018, Brazil; (A.V.M.); (R.R.S.); (J.S.Q.); (M.P.R.); (F.O.N.); (A.A.M.R.); (B.B.F.)
| | - Antonio Vicente Mundim
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-018, Brazil; (A.V.M.); (R.R.S.); (J.S.Q.); (M.P.R.); (F.O.N.); (A.A.M.R.); (B.B.F.)
| | - Rogério Reis Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-018, Brazil; (A.V.M.); (R.R.S.); (J.S.Q.); (M.P.R.); (F.O.N.); (A.A.M.R.); (B.B.F.)
| | - Jéssica Santos Queiroz
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-018, Brazil; (A.V.M.); (R.R.S.); (J.S.Q.); (M.P.R.); (F.O.N.); (A.A.M.R.); (B.B.F.)
| | - Maisa Paschoal Rios
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-018, Brazil; (A.V.M.); (R.R.S.); (J.S.Q.); (M.P.R.); (F.O.N.); (A.A.M.R.); (B.B.F.)
| | - Fabiana Oliveira Notário
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-018, Brazil; (A.V.M.); (R.R.S.); (J.S.Q.); (M.P.R.); (F.O.N.); (A.A.M.R.); (B.B.F.)
| | - Alessandra Aparecida Medeiros Ronchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-018, Brazil; (A.V.M.); (R.R.S.); (J.S.Q.); (M.P.R.); (F.O.N.); (A.A.M.R.); (B.B.F.)
| | - Marcelo Emílio Beletti
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-319, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues Franco
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-319, Brazil; (R.R.F.); (F.S.E.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-319, Brazil; (R.R.F.); (F.S.E.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-319, Brazil; (R.R.F.); (F.S.E.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Belchiolina Beatriz Fonseca
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-018, Brazil; (A.V.M.); (R.R.S.); (J.S.Q.); (M.P.R.); (F.O.N.); (A.A.M.R.); (B.B.F.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-319, Brazil; (R.R.F.); (F.S.E.); (L.R.G.)
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Scanes CG, Witt J, Ebeling M, Schaller S, Baier V, Bone AJ, Preuss TG, Heckmann D. Quantitative Comparison of Avian and Mammalian Physiologies for Parameterization of Physiologically Based Kinetic Models. Front Physiol 2022; 13:858386. [PMID: 35450159 PMCID: PMC9016154 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.858386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models facilitate chemical risk assessment by predicting in vivo exposure while reducing the need for animal testing. PBK models for mammals have seen significant progress, which has yet to be achieved for avian systems. Here, we quantitatively compare physiological, metabolic and anatomical characteristics between birds and mammals, with the aim of facilitating bird PBK model development. For some characteristics, there is considerable complementarity between avian and mammalian species with identical values for the following: blood hemoglobin and hemoglobin concentrations per unit erythrocyte volume together with relative weights of the liver, heart, and lungs. There are also systematic differences for some major characteristics between avian and mammalian species including erythrocyte volume, plasma concentrations of albumin, total protein and triglyceride together with liver cell size and relative weights of the kidney, spleen, and ovary. There are also major differences between characteristics between sexually mature and sexually immature female birds. For example, the relative weights of the ovary and oviduct are greater in sexually mature females compared to immature birds as are the plasma concentrations of triglyceride and vitellogenin. Both these sets of differences reflect the genetic "blue print" inherited from ancestral archosaurs such as the production of large eggs with yolk filled oocytes surrounded by egg white proteins, membranes and a calciferous shell together with adaptions for flight in birds or ancestrally in flightless birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G. Scanes
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
- Department of Biological Science, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Comparison of Quantification of Target-Specific Accumulation of [ 18F]F-siPSMA-14 in the HET-CAM Model and in Mice Using PET/MRI. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164007. [PMID: 34439163 PMCID: PMC8393674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Animal studies are essential for the development of new radiopharmaceuticals to determine specific accumulation and biodistribution. Alternative models, such as the HET-CAM model, offer the possibility of reducing animal experiments in accordance with the 3Rs principles. Accurate quantification of tumor accumulation of a PSMA-specific ligand in the HET-CAM model and comparison with corresponding animal experiments was performed using the imaging modalities PET and MRI. It was demonstrated that the HET-CAM model leads to comparable results and is suitable as an alternative to animal experiments for the initial assessment of target-specific binding of novel radiopharmaceuticals. However, as evaluation of biodistribution in ovo is still limited, further animal experiments with promising compounds are mandatory. Abstract Assessment of biodistribution and specific tumor accumulation is essential for the development of new radiopharmaceuticals and requires animal experiments. The HET-CAM (hens-egg test—chorioallantoic membrane) model can be used in combination with the non-invasive imaging modalities PET and MRI for pre-selection during radiopharmaceutical development to reduce the number of animal experiments required. Critical to the acceptance of this model is the demonstration of the quantifiability and reproducibility of these data compared to the standard animal model. Tumor accumulation and biodistribution of the PSMA-specific radiotracer [18F]F-siPSMA-14 was analyzed in the chick embryo and in an immunodeficient mouse model. Evaluation was based on MRI and PET data in both models. γ-counter measurements and histopathological analyses complemented these data. PSMA-specific accumulation of [18F]F-siPSMA-14 was successfully demonstrated in the HET-CAM model, similar to the results obtained by mouse model studies. The combination of MR and PET imaging allowed precise quantification of peptide accumulation, initial assessment of biodistribution, and accurate determination of tumor volume. Thus, the use of the HET-CAM model is suitable for the pre-selection of new radiopharmaceuticals and potentially reduces animal testing in line with the 3Rs principles of animal welfare.
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Hanafi Sulong A, Zulkifli I, Ramiah SK, Chung ELT, Awad EA, Sazili AQ. Circulating levels of acute-phase proteins, heat shock protein 70, and corticosterone in the serum of developing chick embryos and newly hatched broiler chicks. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1978879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanafi Sulong
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, School of Animal Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Chu D, Zhu D, Wu H, Li C, Zhang H, Chen Y, Han X, Liu N, He Y, Li Y, Wei T. Development of the embryonic liver and pancreas of the Chinese softshell turtle Trionyx sinensis. J Histotechnol 2020; 44:2-11. [PMID: 32909928 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2020.1775013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The research on hatching ecology of the Chinese softshell turtle Trionyx sinensis has essential guiding roles to clarify the physiological and ecological mechanism of reptile evolution. The aim of this study is to describe the histological changes, differentiation, and maturation of some functional cells during the genesis and development of the liver and pancreas of the Chinese softshell turtle T. sinensis. Softshell turtle eggs were incubated under artificial conditions and hatched within 41-45 days. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained embryonic pancreas and liver were examined at various time points from 2 to 31 days and compared with that of other reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and birds in the literature. Immunohistochemical assay for glucagon and insulin was performed on paraformaldehyde-fixed embryos to identify functional cells in the pancreas. Pancreatic endocrine cells of T. sinensis have secretory ability at day 26 of embryonic development, and the dispersed pancreatic endocrine cells may be the result of the incomplete pancreatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechang Chu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Daoyu Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Hongsong Wu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Logistics Management Office, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Ying He
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Yangui Li
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Tao Wei
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, China
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12
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Identification and ultrastructural characterization of small hepatocyte-like cells in birds. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101426. [PMID: 32835934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Small hepatocytes (SH) have been identified in regenerative organs and have been proposed to be hepatocyte progenitor cells. Their characteristic presence in birds, and their maturation into functional and mature hepatocytes, have not yet been elucidated. We previously demonstrated the appearance of chicken SH, which express CD44, in a model of chicken hepatopathy treated with bile duct ligation (BDL). We expanded on our previous research and performed a detailed study of the ultrastructure of chicken SH. Four weeks after BDL, we observed chicken SH with high electron density cytoplasm and with colony formation. In the chicken SH, electron microscopical analysis found no formation of tight junctions and no glycogen. Ultrastructural analysis also revealed the existence of various types of chicken SH with characteristics lying between those of chicken SH with colony formation and mature hepatocytes. The analysis of immunoelectron microscopy showed CD44 expressed on the surface of the extensive SH-like cells in the hepatic lamina. These results suggest that the expression of CD44 changes according to the differentiated stage of SH in a chicken BDL model.
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13
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Eng ML, Karouna-Renier NK, Henry PFP, Letcher RJ, Schultz SL, Bean TG, Peters LE, Palace VP, Williams TD, Elliott JE, Fernie KJ. In ovo exposure to brominated flame retardants Part II: Assessment of effects of TBBPA-BDBPE and BTBPE on hatching success, morphometric and physiological endpoints in American kestrels. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:151-159. [PMID: 31035249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPA-BDBPE) and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTPBE) are both brominated flame retardants (BFRs) that have been detected in birds; however, their potential biological effects are largely unknown. We assessed the effects of embryonic exposure to TBBPA-BDBPE and BTBPE in a model avian predator, the American kestrel (Falco sparverius). Fertile eggs from a captive population of kestrels were injected on embryonic day 5 (ED5) with a vehicle control or one of three doses within the range of concentrations that have been detected in biota (nominal concentrations of 0, 10, 50 or 100 ng/g egg; measured concentrations 0, 3.0, 13.7 or 33.5 ng TBBPA-BDBPE/g egg and 0, 5.3, 26.8 or 58.1 ng BTBPE/g egg). Eggs were artificially incubated until hatching (ED28), at which point blood and tissues were collected to measure morphological and physiological endpoints, including organ somatic indices, circulating and glandular thyroid hormone concentrations, thyroid gland histology, hepatic deiodinase activity, and markers of oxidative stress. Neither compound had any effects on embryo survival through 90% of the incubation period or on hatching success, body mass, organ size, or oxidative stress of hatchlings. There was evidence of sex-specific effects in the thyroid system responses to the BTBPE exposures, with type 2 deiodinase (D2) activity decreasing at higher doses in female, but not in male hatchlings, suggesting that females may be more sensitive to BTBPE. However, there were no effects of TBBPA-BDBPE on the thyroid system in kestrels. For the BTPBE study, a subset of high-dose eggs was collected throughout the incubation period to measure changes in BTBPE concentrations. There was no decrease in BTBPE over the incubation period, suggesting that BTBPE is slowly metabolized by kestrel embryos throughout their ∼28-d development. These two compounds, therefore, do not appear to be particularly toxic to embryos of the American kestrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Eng
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Paula F P Henry
- U. S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra L Schultz
- U. S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas G Bean
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lisa E Peters
- Riddell Faculty of Earth Environment and Resources, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vince P Palace
- International Institute of Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Dżugan M, Trybus W, Lis M, Wesołowska M, Trybus E, Kopacz-Bednarska A, Król T. Cadmium-induced ultrastructural changes in primary target organs of developing chicken embryos (Gallus domesticus). J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:167-174. [PMID: 30262276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate ultrastructural changes in kidney and liver tissue of chicken embryos exposed in ovo to cadmium. Embryonated eggs were injected on the 4th day of incubation with cadmium at the dose of 0, 2, 4 and 8 μg/egg (80 eggs/group). The samples of kidney and liver tissues were collected from embryos at the 14th and 18th day of incubation (E14 and E18) and at hatching day (D1). The tissue structure was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (Tecnai G2 Spirit). The results indicate that hepatocytes responded to damage caused by toxic cadmium activity with a significant disturbance in the structure of mitochondria and a considerable expansion of the lysososmal system, while glomerular cells additionally reacted with an increased proliferation of peroxisomes. The range of changes observed on the subcellular level was dependent on the dose of cadmium, embryogenesis stage and cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dżugan
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, ul. Ćwiklińskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Trybus
- Department of Cell Biology and Electronic Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, ul. Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Marcin Lis
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Reproduction and Welfare, University of Agriculture, Aleja Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Wesołowska
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, ul. Ćwiklińskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ewa Trybus
- Department of Cell Biology and Electronic Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, ul. Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Kopacz-Bednarska
- Department of Cell Biology and Electronic Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, ul. Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Teodora Król
- Department of Cell Biology and Electronic Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, ul. Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
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15
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Brandenburg J, Head JA. Effects of in ovo exposure to benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) on CYP1A expression and promoter methylation in developing chicken embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 204:88-96. [PMID: 29203322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic environmental pollutants that are potent teratogens. Recent research suggests that early life exposure to PAHs can affect health outcomes later in life. Some of these latent responses may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. The role of DNA methylation in regulating responses to PAHs in birds is currently unknown. Here, we assess the effect of in ovo exposure to the model PAH, benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediated cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) gene expression and promoter methylation in chicken embryos. Fertilized chicken eggs were injected with BkF (0-100μg/kg) prior to incubation. BkF exposure was associated with an increase in CYP1A4 and CYP1A5 mRNA levels at mid-incubation (embryonic day 10), which dropped to baseline levels towards the end of the incubation period (embryonic day 19). The transient induction in CYP1A expression was accompanied by small but significant increases in CYP1A promoter methylation, which persisted until after shortly after hatching. Methylation within the CYP1A promoter was correlated with levels of CYP1A5, but not CYP1A4 mRNA. Characterization of the role of DNA methylation in the AHR response pathway may increase our understanding of the effects of early life exposure to PAHs in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Brandenburg
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica A Head
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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16
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Eng ML, Letcher RJ, Williams TD, Elliott JE. In ovo tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate concentrations significantly decrease in late incubation after a single exposure via injection, with no evidence of effects on hatching success or latent effects on growth or reproduction in zebra finches. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:83-88. [PMID: 27207485 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) eggs were injected with the organophosphate triester flame retardant tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) at 0 μg/g, 0.01 μg/g, 1 μg/g, 10 μg/g, or 50 μg/g egg. Subsets of high-dose eggs were collected throughout incubation to measure TBOEP, which started declining in late incubation and then decreased rapidly to 28% of injected concentration by hatching. The authors found no effects of TBOEP on survival, growth, or reproduction even at very high doses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:83-88. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Eng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Custer CM, Custer TW, Thyen S, Becker PH. Incubation stage and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener patterns in an altricial and precocial bird species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 195:109-114. [PMID: 25213805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The composition of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners was compared between non-incubated and embryonated eggs of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and little terns (Sterna albifrons) to determine if measurable changes in PCB congeners occurred during the embryonic period. There was no indication of changes in PCB congener patterns over the incubation period in tree swallows in 1999 and 2000 at a site with very high PCB exposure or a site with more modest PCB exposure. Additionally, congeners known to be either quickly metabolized or conserved based on experimental studies did not generally respond as predicted. Similarly, PCB congener patterns in eggs of little terns from Bottsand, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, did not differ between non-incubated and embryonated eggs. The results from both species suggest that the stage of incubation is not an important consideration when evaluating PCB congener patterns; comparisons and assessments can be made with eggs collected at all stages of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Custer
- USGS, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd., La Crosse, WI 54603, USA.
| | - Thomas W Custer
- USGS, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd., La Crosse, WI 54603, USA.
| | | | - Peter H Becker
- Institut für Vogelforschung "Vogelwarte Helgoland", An der Vogelwarte 21, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
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18
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Yanai M, Tatsumi N, Endo F, Yokouchi Y. Analysis of gene expression patterns in the developing chick liver. Dev Dyn 2005; 233:1116-22. [PMID: 15895409 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chick embryo has been used widely for studying liver development. However, in the past 30 years, the usage has decreased markedly due to lack of appropriate marker genes for differentiation in the developing chick liver. To use the chick embryo for analyzing the molecular mechanism of liver development, we surveyed marker genes in the developing chick liver by examining the expression pattern of genes that are well-characterized in the developing mammalian liver. By whole-mount in situ hybridization, Fibrinogen-gamma (FIB) expression was first detected at stage 12, specifically in the anterior intestinal portal, and its liver-specific expression persisted in the later stages. Albumin (ALB) expression was first detected at stage 30, when the liver starts maturing. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) was first detected at stage 37 in the ductal plate of the liver, and its expression continued in the intrahepatic bile ducts derived from the ductal plate. Hex, a transcription factor, is an additional marker of bile duct differentiation. Hence, FIB, ALB, and CK19 expression can be used to trace hepatic induction, maturation, and bile duct differentiation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Yanai
- Division of Pattern Formation, Department of Organogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kuhonji, Kumamoto, Japan
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19
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Pérez-Pomares JM, Carmona R, González-Iriarte M, Macías D, Guadix JA, Muñoz-Chápuli R. Contribution of mesothelium-derived cells to liver sinusoids in avian embryos. Dev Dyn 2004; 229:465-74. [PMID: 14991702 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.10455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing liver is vascularized through a complex process of vasculogenesis that leads to the differentiation of the sinusoids. The main structural elements of the sinusoidal wall are endothelial and stellate (Ito) cells. We have studied the differentiation of the hepatic sinusoids in avian embryos through confocal colocalization of differentiation markers, in ovo direct labeling of the liver mesothelium, induced invasion of the developing chick liver by quail proepicardial cells, and in vitro culture of chimeric aggregates. Our results show that liver mesothelial cells give rise to mesenchymal cells which intermingle between the growing hepatoblast cords and become incorporated to the sinusoidal wall, contributing to both endothelial and stellate cell populations. We have also shown that the proepicardium, a mesothelial tissue anatomically continuous with liver mesothelium, is able to form sinusoid-like vessels into the hepatic primordium as well as in cultured aggregates of hepatoblasts. Thus, both intrinsic or extrinsic mesothelium-derived cells have the developmental potential to contribute to the establishment of liver sinusoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Spain
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20
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Vassy J, Irinopoulou T, Beil M, Rigaut JP. Spatial distribution of cytoskeleton intermediate filaments during fetal rat hepatocyte differentiation. Microsc Res Tech 1997; 39:436-43. [PMID: 9408910 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19971201)39:5<436::aid-jemt6>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The construction of the liver parenchyma throughout fetal development depends on the elaboration of intercellular contacts between epithelial cells and between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. During this time, the spatial distribution of cytokeratins in hepatocytes shows a striking evolution as demonstrated by confocal microscopy and image analysis. In the early stages of fetal rat development, the liver is mainly a hematopoietic organ and hepatocytes represent fewer than 40% of all liver cells. At this time, cytokeratin filaments are scarce and are randomly distributed inside the cytoplasm. A coexpression of desmin and cytokeratin is found in some cells. Intercellular contacts between epithelial and mesenchymal cells are more numerous than between epithelial cells. Later in development, hepatocytes are arranged in a "muralium duplex" architecture (two-cell-thick sheets). Contacts between hepatocytes become more numerous and bile canaliculi become well developed. The density of cytokeratin filaments increases and appears to be very high near the bile canaliculi. In adult liver, hepatocytes are arranged in a "muralium simplex" architecture. Cytokeratin filaments show a symmetrical distribution in relation to the nuclear region. The highest density of filaments is found near the cytoplasmic membrane. Variations of the spatial distribution of intermediate filaments throughout hepatocyte differentiation were investigated in a pilot study using computerized image analysis. We found significant differences between the filament networks in fetal and adult hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vassy
- Laboratoire d'Analyse d'Images en Pathologie Cellulaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital Saint Louis, France
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Abstract
Proliferation of lipolysosomes is one of the characteristic aspects of embryonic chick hepatocytes. Formation of lipolysosomes is observed in the well-developed trans-Golgi network, with the highest frequency occurring from 11 to 14 days of incubation. The lipolysosomes usually contain a small and electron-dense lipid inclusion; however, during development, they gradually enlarge with an accompanying reduction in the electron density of the inclusion. Lipolysosomes isolated from neonatal chick liver homogenates were mainly composed of esterified cholesterol and showed considerably high activity of lysosomal enzymes. Moreover, the lipolysosome fraction is clearly shown to be a function of intralysosomal lipolysis via acid lipase. This accumulation of esterified cholesterol within lipolysosomes might be attributed to an excessive uptake and conversion of plasma lipoproteins to lipolysosomes. This concept is supported by the appearance of an abundance of coated pits and both "early" and "late" endosomes. The major components of plasma lipoprotein are low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), the cholesterol-rich lipoproteins, whose cholesterol content increases during the last week of incubation when the lipolysosomes quickly enlarge. Plasma lipoprotein particles are produced in the yolk sac epithelium from yolk very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and transferred via the vitelline circulation to the chick liver. After hatching, when the supply of nutrients from the yolk sac is terminated, lipolysosomes immediately decrease in size and number. The cholesterol and fatty acids released are useful as an energy source and lipid metabolism in general, especially after hatching. Food intake induces the use of and accelerates the disappearance of lipolysosomes. Instead of lipolysosomes, lipid droplets appear and increase in number and size with concomitant increases of triglyceride concentrations in the liver homogenates, suggesting that lipogenesis has begun in the chick hepatocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kanai
- Department of Anatomy, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan
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Wong GK, Cavey MJ. Development of the liver in the chicken embryo. II. Erythropoietic and granulopoietic cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1993; 235:131-43. [PMID: 8417622 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092350114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic hemopoiesis is apparent in the chicken embryo on day 7 of incubation (Hamburger and Hamilton Stage 30), and a peak in hemopoietic activity occurs on day 14 (Stage 40). During this period, the differentiation of hemopoietic cells was examined by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Glycol methacrylate sections were used in lieu of smears to study hemopoietic cells, thus minimizing the problems of cell shrinkage and rupture. The sections were superior to smears for close examination of nuclear and cytoplasmic morphologies and for precise localization of hemopoietic cells to intravascular and extravascular sites. The avian liver is involved directly with erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis only. Erythropoietic cells, occurring in intravascular and extravascular locations, appear throughout the time frame examined. Blood islands with granulopoietic cells were not observed until days 8-9 (Stage 35). Granulopoiesis in the liver produces only eosinophilic leukocytes. Individual granulopoietic cells appear first in the connective tissue sheaths of hepatic vessels, and these cells subsequently congregate into blood islands. Endothelial cells of the sinusoidal linings, through asymmetric divisions, frequently release daughter cells into the circulation, and Kupffer cells are actively engaged in phagocytosis of erythrocytes. From a comparative standpoint, the elements deemed critical to hemopoiesis in the mammalian liver--prehepatocyte population, hepatic vasculature, and compartments for stem cell differentiation--may not hold the same importance in the bird, owing to an inordinate reliance on intravascular hemopoiesis in this vertebrate class.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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