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Hu Q, Williams SL, Palladino A, Ecker M. Screening of MMP-13 Inhibitors Using a GelMA-Alginate Interpenetrating Network Hydrogel-Based Model Mimicking Cytokine-Induced Key Features of Osteoarthritis In Vitro. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1572. [PMID: 38891518 PMCID: PMC11174780 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by irreversible cartilage degradation. Current clinical treatment options lack effective pharmaceutical interventions targeting the disease's root causes. MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) inhibitors represent a new approach to slowing OA progression by addressing cartilage degradation mechanisms. However, very few drugs within this class are in preclinical or clinical trial phases. Hydrogel-based 3D in vitro models have shown promise as preclinical testing platforms due to their resemblance to native extracellular matrix (ECM), abundant availability, and ease of use. Metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is thought to be a major contributor to the degradation of articular cartilage in OA by aggressively breaking down type II collagen. This study focused on testing MMP-13 inhibitors using a GelMA-alginate hydrogel-based OA model induced by cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The results demonstrate a significant inhibition of type II collagen breakdown by measuring C2C concentration using ELISA after treatment with MMP-13 inhibitors. However, inconsistencies in human cartilage explant samples led to inconclusive results. Nonetheless, the study highlights the GelMA-alginate hydrogel-based OA model as an alternative to human-sourced cartilage explants for in vitro drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichan Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Steven L. Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Alessandra Palladino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Melanie Ecker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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2
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Hsu YP, Huang TH, Liu ST, Huang SM, Chen YC, Wu CC. Glucosamine and Silibinin Alter Cartilage Homeostasis through Glycosylation and Cellular Stresses in Human Chondrocyte Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4905. [PMID: 38732122 PMCID: PMC11084729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is more prevalent than any other form of arthritis and is characterized by the progressive mechanical deterioration of joints. Glucosamine, an amino monosaccharide, has been used for over fifty years as a dietary supplement to alleviate osteoarthritis-related discomfort. Silibinin, extracted from milk thistle, modifies the degree of glycosylation of target proteins, making it an essential component in the treatment of various diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional roles of glucosamine and silibinin in cartilage homeostasis using the TC28a2 cell line. Western blots showed that glucosamine suppressed the N-glycosylation of the gp130, EGFR, and N-cadherin proteins. Furthermore, both glucosamine and silibinin differentially decreased and increased target proteins such as gp130, Snail, and KLF4 in TC28a2 cells. We observed that both compounds dose-dependently induced the proliferation of TC28a2 cells. Our MitoSOX and DCFH-DA dye data showed that 1 µM glucosamine suppressed mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induced cytosol ROS generation, whereas silibinin induced both mitochondrial and cytosol ROS generation in TC28a2 cells. Our JC-1 data showed that glucosamine increased red aggregates, resulting in an increase in the red/green fluorescence intensity ratio, while all the tested silibinin concentrations increased the green monomers, resulting in decreases in the red/green ratio. We observed increasing subG1 and S populations and decreasing G1 and G2/M populations with increasing amounts of glucosamine, while increasing amounts of silibinin led to increases in subG1, S, and G2/M populations and decreases in G1 populations in TC28a2 cells. MTT data showed that both glucosamine and silibinin induced cytotoxicity in TC28a2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Regarding endoplasmic reticulum stress, both compounds induced the expression of CHOP and increased the level of p-eIF2α/eIF2α. With respect to O-GlcNAcylation status, glucosamine and silibinin both reduced the levels of O-GlcNAc transferase and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha. Furthermore, we examined proteins and mRNAs related to these processes. In summary, our findings demonstrated that these compounds differentially modulated cellular proliferation, mitochondrial and cytosol ROS generation, the mitochondrial membrane potential, the cell cycle profile, and autophagy. Therefore, we conclude that glucosamine and silibinin not only mediate glycosylation modifications but also regulate cellular processes in human chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pao Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City 330, Taiwan; (Y.-P.H.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Tsung-Hsi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City 330, Taiwan; (Y.-P.H.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Shu-Ting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan; (S.-T.L.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan; (S.-T.L.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Yi-Chou Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City 330, Taiwan; (Y.-P.H.); (T.-H.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
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3
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Ponta S, Bonato A, Neidenbach P, Bruhin VF, Laurent A, Applegate LA, Zenobi-Wong M, Barreto G. Streamlined, single-step non-viral CRISPR-Cas9 knockout strategy enhances gene editing efficiency in primary human chondrocyte populations. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:66. [PMID: 38468277 PMCID: PMC10926593 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering represents a powerful therapeutic tool for cartilage tissue engineering and for understanding molecular pathways driving cartilage diseases. However, primary chondrocytes are difficult to transfect and rapidly dedifferentiate during monolayer (2D) cell culture, making the lengthy expansion of a single-cell-derived edited clonal population not feasible. For this reason, functional genetics studies focused on cartilage and rheumatic diseases have long been carried out in cellular models that poorly recapitulate the native molecular properties of human cartilaginous tissue (e.g., cell lines, induced pluripotent stem cells). Here, we set out to develop a non-viral CRISPR-Cas9, bulk-gene editing method suitable for chondrocyte populations from different cartilaginous sources. METHODS We screened electroporation and lipid nanoparticles for ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery in primary polydactyly chondrocytes, and optimized RNP reagents assembly. We knocked out RELA (also known as p65), a subunit of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), in polydactyly chondrocytes and further characterized knockout (KO) cells with RT-qPCR and Western Blot. We tested RELA KO in chondrocytes from diverse cartilaginous sources and characterized their phenotype with RT-qPCR. We examined the chondrogenic potential of wild-type (WT) and KO cell pellets in presence and absence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). RESULTS We established electroporation as the optimal transfection technique for chondrocytes enhancing transfection and editing efficiency, while preserving high cell viability. We knocked out RELA with an unprecedented efficiency of ~90%, confirming lower inflammatory pathways activation upon IL-1β stimulation compared to unedited cells. Our protocol could be easily transferred to primary human chondrocytes harvested from osteoarthritis (OA) patients, human FE002 chondroprogenitor cells, bovine chondrocytes, and a human chondrocyte cell line, achieving comparable mean RELA KO editing levels using the same protocol. All KO pellets from primary human chondrocytes retained chondrogenic ability equivalent to WT cells, and additionally displayed enhanced matrix retention under inflamed conditions. CONCLUSIONS We showcased the applicability of our bulk gene editing method to develop effective autologous and allogeneic off-the-shelf gene therapies strategies and to enable functional genetics studies in human chondrocytes to unravel molecular mechanisms of cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ponta
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Angela Bonato
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Neidenbach
- Schulthess Clinic, Department of Lower Extremity Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Centre, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Valentino F Bruhin
- Schulthess Clinic, Department of Lower Extremity Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Centre, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Goncalo Barreto
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
- Medical Ultrasonics Laboratory (MEDUSA), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland.
- Orton Orthopedic Hospital, Tenholantie 10, Helsinki, 00280, Finland.
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4
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Tian F, Wang Z, Song H, Chen H, Wu B. Omentin-1 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC1α-AMPK pathway in chondrocytes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:291-297. [PMID: 32930026 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1819337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Omentin-1 is a newly discovered metabolic regulatory adipokine. Studies have shown that omentin-1 possesses pleiotropic effects in different types of cells. This study aims to investigate the regulation by omentin-1 on mitochondrial biogenesis in chondrocytes. METHODOLOGY C-28/I2 chondrocytes were treated with omentin-1 (150 and 300 ng/ml) for 24 h. The expression of mitochondrial regulators, markers and the DNA copy was assessed. The mitochondrial morphology was observed by electron microscopy. The mitochondrial respiratory rate and ATP production in chondrocytes were measured by cell lysates. RESULTS Omentin-1 treatment up-regulated PGC-1α, NRF-1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in cultured chondrocytes, indicating that omentin-1 could be involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function. Omentin-1 promoted mtDNA/nDNA and four mitochondrial genes (Tomm20, Tomm40, Timm9 and Atp5c1), mRNA transcripts as well as two mitochondrial protein expressions (SDHB and MTCO1). At a cellular level, omentin-1 enhanced the mitochondrial respiratory rate and ATP production. Mechanistically, we proved that omentin-1 increased AMPKα activation, and the blockage of AMPKα by its inhibitor compound C abolished the inductive effect of omentin-1 on PGC1α expression and mtDNA/nDNA ratio, indicating that the effect of omentin-1 is dependent on AMPKα activation. CONCLUSION Omentin-1 is a positive regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in chondrocytes, and its action is dependent on the AMPK-PGC1α pathway. This study, therefore, implies that omentin-1 has the potential to remedy chondrocyte damage in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fengde Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zihua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyang Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haojie Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Baolin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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5
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Panichi V, Bissoli I, D'Adamo S, Flamigni F, Cetrullo S, Borzì RM. NOTCH1: A Novel Player in the Molecular Crosstalk Underlying Articular Chondrocyte Protection by Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065830. [PMID: 36982904 PMCID: PMC10058228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, but no effective and safe disease-modifying treatment is available. Risk factors such as age, sex, genetics, injuries and obesity can concur to the onset of the disease, variably triggering the loss of maturational arrest of chondrocytes further sustained by oxidative stress, inflammation and catabolism. Different types of nutraceuticals have been studied for their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Olive-derived polyphenols draw particular interest due to their ability to dampen the activation of pivotal signaling pathways in OA. Our study aims to investigate the effects of oleuropein (OE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) in in vitro OA models and elucidate their possible effects on NOTCH1, a novel therapeutic target for OA. Chondrocytes were cultured and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Detailed analysis was carried out about the OE/HT mitigating effects on the release of ROS (DCHF-DA), the increased gene expression of catabolic and inflammatory markers (real time RT-PCR), the release of MMP-13 (ELISA and Western blot) and the activation of underlying signaling pathways (Western blot). Our findings show that HT/OE efficiently attenuates LPS-induced effects by firstly reducing the activation of JNK and of the NOTCH1 pathway downstream. In conclusion, our study provides molecular bases supporting the dietary supplementation of olive-derived polyphenols to revert/delay the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Panichi
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Bissoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Adamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Borzì
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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6
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Assi R, Cherifi C, Cornelis FMF, Zhou Q, Storms L, Pazmino S, Coutinho de Almeida R, Meulenbelt I, Lories RJ, Monteagudo S. Inhibition of KDM7A/B histone demethylases restores H3K79 methylation and protects against osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2023:ard-2022-223789. [PMID: 36927643 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In osteoarthritis, methylation of lysine 79 on histone H3 (H3K79me), a protective epigenetic mechanism, is reduced. Histone methylation levels are dynamically regulated by histone methyltransferases and demethylases. Here, we aimed to identify which histone demethylases regulate H3K79me in cartilage and investigate whether their targeting protects against osteoarthritis. METHODS We determined histone demethylase expression in human non-osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis cartilage using qPCR. The role of histone demethylase families and subfamilies on H3K79me was interrogated by treatment of human C28/I2 chondrocytes with pharmacological inhibitors, followed by western blot and immunofluorescence. We performed C28/I2 micromasses to evaluate effects on glycosaminoglycans by Alcian blue staining. Changes in H3K79me after destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) in mice were determined by immunohistochemistry. Daminozide, a KDM2/7 subfamily inhibitor, was intra-articularly injected in mice upon DMM. Histone demethylases targeted by daminozide were individually silenced in chondrocytes to dissect their role on H3K79me and osteoarthritis. RESULTS We documented the expression signature of histone demethylases in human non-osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis articular cartilage. Inhibition of Jumonji-C demethylase family increased H3K79me in human chondrocytes. Blockade of KDM2/7 histone demethylases with daminozide increased H3K79me and glycosaminoglycans. In mouse articular cartilage, H3K79me decayed rapidly upon induction of joint injury. Early and sustained intra-articular treatment with daminozide enhanced H3K79me and exerted protective effects in mice upon DMM. Individual silencing of KDM7A/B demethylases in human chondrocytes demonstrated that KDM7A/B mediate protective effects of daminozide on H3K79me and osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION Targeting KDM7A/B histone demethylases could be an attractive strategy to protect joints against osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Assi
- Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chahrazad Cherifi
- Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,Glycobiology Cell Growth Tissue Repair and Regeneration Research Unit, Gly-CRRET, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Frederique M F Cornelis
- Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qiongfei Zhou
- Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Storms
- Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofia Pazmino
- Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo Coutinho de Almeida
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Integrated research on Developmental determinants of Ageing and Longevity (IDEAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rik J Lories
- Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Monteagudo
- Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yang T, Li C, Li Y, Cai G, Wang G, He L, He C. MicroRNA-146a-5p alleviates the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by inhibiting SDF-1/CXCR4-induced chondrocyte autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109938. [PMID: 36863142 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling promotes osteoarthritis (OA) development. CXCR4 is a potential target of miR-146a-5p. This study investigated the therapeutic role and the underlying mechanism of miR-146a-5p in OA. METHODS Human primary chondrocytes C28/I2 were stimulated with SDF-1. Cell viability and LDH release were examined. Chondrocyte autophagy was assessed using Western blot analysis, ptfLC3 transfection, and transmission electron microscopy. MiR-146a-5p mimics were transfected into C28/I2 cells to investigate the role of miR-146a-5p in SDF-1/CXCR4-induced autophagy of chondrocytes. An SDF-1-induced rabbit OA model was established to investigate the therapeutic role of miR-146a-5p in OA. Histological staining was performed to observe the morphology of osteochondral tissue. RESULTS SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling promoted autophagy in C28/I2 cells, as demonstrated by increased LC3-II protein expression and autophagic flux induced by SDF-1. SDF-1 treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation while promoting necrosis and autophagosome formation in C28/I2 cells. In the presence of SDF-1, miR-146a-5p overexpression in C28/I2 cells suppressed CXCR4 mRNA expression, LC3-II and Beclin-1 protein expression, LDH release, and autophagic flux. In addition, SDF-1 increased the autophagy of chondrocytes in rabbits and promoted the development of OA. Compared with the negative control, miR-146a-5p significantly reduced the morphological abnormalities of the rabbit cartilage that were induced by SDF-1, as well as the number of LC3-II-positive cells, protein expression of LC3-II and Beclin 1, and mRNA expression of CXCR4 in osteochondral tissue. These effects were reversed by the autophagy agonist rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS SDF-1/CXCR4 promotes OA development by enhancing chondrocyte autophagy. MicroRNA-146a-5p may alleviate OA by suppressing CXCR4 mRNA expression and SDF-1/CXCR4-induced chondrocyte autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyun Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Canzhang Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Guofeng Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
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8
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Piñeiro-Ramil M, Sanjurjo-Rodríguez C, Rodríguez-Fernández S, Hermida-Gómez T, Blanco-García FJ, Fuentes-Boquete I, Vaamonde-García C, Díaz-Prado S. Generation of human immortalized chondrocytes from osteoarthritic and healthy cartilage : a new tool for cartilage pathophysiology studies. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:46-57. [PMID: 36647698 PMCID: PMC9872042 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.121.bjr-2022-0207.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS After a few passages of in vitro culture, primary human articular chondrocytes undergo senescence and loss of their phenotype. Most of the available chondrocyte cell lines have been obtained from cartilage tissues different from diarthrodial joints, and their utility for osteoarthritis (OA) research is reduced. Thus, the goal of this research was the development of immortalized chondrocyte cell lines proceeded from the articular cartilage of patients with and without OA. METHODS Using telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and SV40 large T antigen (SV40LT), we transduced primary OA articular chondrocytes. Proliferative capacity, degree of senescence, and chondrocyte surface antigen expression in transduced chondrocytes were evaluated. In addition, the capacity of transduced chondrocytes to synthesize a tissue similar to cartilage and to respond to interleukin (IL)-1β was assessed. RESULTS Coexpression of both transgenes (SV40 and hTERT) were observed in the nuclei of transduced chondrocytes. Generated chondrocyte cell lines showed a high proliferation capacity and less than 2% of senescent cells. These cell lines were able to form 3D aggregates analogous to those generated by primary articular chondrocytes, but were unsuccessful in synthesizing cartilage-like tissue when seeded on type I collagen sponges. However, generated chondrocyte cell lines maintained the potential to respond to IL-1β stimulation. CONCLUSION Through SV40LT and hTERT transduction, we successfully immortalized chondrocytes. These immortalized chondrocytes were able to overcome senescence in vitro, but were incapable of synthesizing cartilage-like tissue under the experimental conditions. Nonetheless, these chondrocyte cell lines could be advantageous for OA investigation since, similarly to primary articular chondrocytes, they showed capacity to upregulate inflammatory mediators in response to the IL-1β cytokine.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(1):46-57.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Piñeiro-Ramil
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain,Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Clara Sanjurjo-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain,Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodríguez-Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain,Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain,Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Tamara Hermida-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain,Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario da Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Blanco-García
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain,Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario da Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Isaac Fuentes-Boquete
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain,Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Vaamonde-García
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain,Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario da Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz-Prado
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain,Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain, Silvia Díaz-Prado. E-mail:
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9
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Dreier R, Ising T, Ramroth M, Rellmann Y. Estradiol Inhibits ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Chondrocytes and Contributes to a Reduced Osteoarthritic Cartilage Degeneration in Female Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:913118. [PMID: 35669511 PMCID: PMC9163336 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.913118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender differences are a common finding in osteoarthritis (OA). This may result from a differential response of males and females to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in articular chondrocytes. We have previously described that ER stress in cartilage-specific ERp57 KO mice (ERp57 cKO) favors the development of knee OA, since this stress condition cannot be adequately compensated in articular chondrocytes with increasing age leading to the induction of apoptotic cell death and subsequent cartilage degeneration. The aim of this study was to enlighten gender-specific differences in ER stress, apoptosis, and OA development in ERp57 cKO mice. The analyses were extended by in vitro studies on the influence of estradiol in CRISPR/Cas9-generated C28/I2 ERp57 knock out (KO) and WT cells. ER stress was evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis of the ER stress markers calnexin (Cnx) and binding-immunoglobulin protein (BiP), also referred to as glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78) in vivo and in vitro. Apoptotic cell death was investigated by a commercially available cell death detection ELISA and TUNEL assay. OA development in mice was analyzed by toluidine blue staining of paraffin-embedded knee cartilage sections and quantified by OARSI-Scoring. Cell culture studies exhibited a reduction of ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis in C28/I2 cells in presence of physiological estradiol concentrations. This is consistent with a slower increase in age-related ER stress and a reduced number of apoptotic chondrocytes in female mice compared to male littermates contributing to a reduced osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration in female mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the female sex hormone estradiol can reduce ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis in articular chondrocytes, thus minimizing critical events favoring osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration. Therefore, the inhibition of ER stress through a modulation of effects induced by female sex hormones appears to be attractive for OA therapy.
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10
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Kubo Y, Beckmann R, Fragoulis A, Conrads C, Pavanram P, Nebelung S, Wolf M, Wruck CJ, Jahr H, Pufe T. Nrf2/ARE Signaling Directly Regulates SOX9 to Potentially Alter Age-Dependent Cartilage Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020263. [PMID: 35204144 PMCID: PMC8868513 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in osteoarthritis, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway maintains redox homeostasis. We investigated whether Nrf2/ARE signaling controls SOX9. SOX9 expression in human C-28/I2 chondrocytes was measured by RT–qPCR after shRNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 or its antagonist the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with cap ‘‘n’’ collar homology-associated protein 1 (Keap1). To verify whether Nrf2 transcriptionally regulates SOX9, putative ARE-binding sites in the proximal SOX9 promoter region were inactivated, cloned into pGL3, and co-transfected with phRL–TK for dual-luciferase assays. SOX9 promoter activities without and with Nrf2-inducer methysticin were compared. Sox9 expression in articular chondrocytes was correlated to cartilage thickness and degeneration in wild-type (WT) and Nrf2-knockout mice. Nrf2-specific RNAi significantly decreased SOX9 expression, whereas Keap1-specific RNAi increased it. Putative ARE sites (ARE1, ARE2) were identified in the SOX9 promoter region. ARE2 mutagenesis significantly reduced SOX9 promoter activity, but ARE1 excision did not. Functional ARE2 site was essential for methysticin-mediated induction of SOX9 promoter activity. Young Nrf2-knockout mice revealed significantly lower Sox9-positive chondrocytes, and old Nrf2-knockout animals showed thinner cartilage and more cartilage degeneration. Our results suggest Nrf2 directly regulates SOX9 in articular cartilage, and Nrf2-loss can develop mild osteoarthritis at old age. Pharmacological Nrf2 induction may hold the potential to diminish age-dependent cartilage degeneration through improving SOX9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-24-1808-9525
| | - Rainer Beckmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Claudius Conrads
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Prathyusha Pavanram
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Sven Nebelung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
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11
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Liu Y, Liu J, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Yang X, Shang Y. The protective effects of Olmesartan against interleukin-29 (IL-29)-induced type 2 collagen degradation in human chondrocytes. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1802-1813. [PMID: 35012432 PMCID: PMC8805962 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a cartilage degenerative disease commonly observed in the elderly population and is pathologically characterized by the degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) are critical enzymes involved in the degradation of ECM. Olmesartan is an inhibitor of the angiotensin II receptor developed for the treatment of hypertension, and recent studies show that it exerts anti-inflammatory effects in arthritis. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the protective effect of Olmesartan on cartilage ECM degradation. Interleukin-29 (IL-29) is a novel inflammatory mediator involved in the inflammation and degradation of cartilage in OA, and human T/C-28a2 cells treated with it were the inflammatory model in vitro. We found that the degradation of type 2 collagens and aggrecans was induced by IL-29, accompanied by the upregulation of MMPs and ADAMTSs, but the presence of Olmesartan significantly ameliorated these increases. In addition, Olmesartan abolished IL-29- induced oxidative stress and elevated the expression level of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF-6). Mechanistically, we showed that Olmesartan suppressed IL-29- caused inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα) expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, indicating it suppressed the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, our data reveal that Olmesartan exerted a protective function on IL-29- induced type 2 collagen degradation in human chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Liu
- Department of Knee Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Department of Knee Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Lab of Molecular Biology, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongyong Zhang
- Lab of Molecular Biology, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Knee Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanchun Shang
- Department of Knee Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Yin M, Xu Y. The protective effects of etomidate against interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced oxidative stress, extracellular matrix alteration and cellular senescence in chondrocytes. Bioengineered 2021; 13:985-994. [PMID: 34968169 PMCID: PMC8805981 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2016085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic inflammatory disease associated with aging. Etomidate is an intravenous anesthetic with profound antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We speculated that etomidate might exert a beneficial effect on OA. Herein, we explored the effects of etomidate on interleukin-1β (IL-1β)- induced chondrocytes. Our results prove that etomidate ameliorated the IL-1β-induced oxidative stress in C28/12 chondrocytes by decreasing and increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels, respectively. Etomidate prevented the IL-1β-induced increase in the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in C28/I2 chondrocytes at both mRNA and protein levels. It also caused a significant reduction in the percentage of senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal)-stained chondrocytes, while inducing elevated telomerase activity in IL-1β-treated C28/I2 chondrocytes. The expression levels of senescence regulators, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and p16, were also inhibited by etomidate in IL-1β-treated C28/I2 chondrocytes. In addition, etomidate caused the activation of Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), along with upregulated expression levels of phosphorylated AMPKα and phosphorylated acetyl-Co A carboxylase (ACC). Moreover, blockage of AMPK using compound C abolished the protective effects of etomidate on IL-1β-challenged C28/I2 chondrocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that etomidate protected C28/I2 chondrocytes from IL-1β-induced oxidative stress, ECM degradation, and cellular senescence via activating AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of LianYungang, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinmei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of LianYungang, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, China
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13
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Rellmann Y, Eidhof E, Hansen U, Fleischhauer L, Vogel J, Clausen-Schaumann H, Aszodi A, Dreier R. ER Stress in ERp57 Knockout Knee Joint Chondrocytes Induces Osteoarthritic Cartilage Degradation and Osteophyte Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010182. [PMID: 35008608 PMCID: PMC8745280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing or obesity are risk factors for protein aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of chondrocytes. This condition is called ER stress and leads to induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which, depending on the stress level, restores normal cell function or initiates apoptotic cell death. Here the role of ER stress in knee osteoarthritis (OA) was evaluated. It was first tested in vitro and in vivo whether a knockout (KO) of the protein disulfide isomerase ERp57 in chondrocytes induces sufficient ER stress for such analyses. ER stress in ERp57 KO chondrocytes was confirmed by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Knee joints of wildtype (WT) and cartilage-specific ERp57 KO mice (ERp57 cKO) were analyzed by indentation-type atomic force microscopy (IT-AFM), toluidine blue, and immunofluorescence/-histochemical staining. Apoptotic cell death was investigated by a TUNEL assay. Additionally, OA was induced via forced exercise on a treadmill. ER stress in chondrocytes resulted in a reduced compressive stiffness of knee cartilage. With ER stress, 18-month-old mice developed osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration with osteophyte formation in knee joints. These degenerative changes were preceded by apoptotic death in articular chondrocytes. Young mice were not susceptible to OA, even when subjected to forced exercise. This study demonstrates that ER stress induces the development of age-related knee osteoarthritis owing to a decreased protective function of the UPR in chondrocytes with increasing age, while apoptosis increases. Therefore, inhibition of ER stress appears to be an attractive therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Rellmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (Y.R.); (E.E.)
| | - Elco Eidhof
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (Y.R.); (E.E.)
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Lutz Fleischhauer
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335 Munich, Germany; (L.F.); (J.V.); (H.C.-S.)
- Center for Nanoscience-CeNS, 80335 Munich, Germany
- Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80335 Munich, Germany;
| | - Jonas Vogel
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335 Munich, Germany; (L.F.); (J.V.); (H.C.-S.)
- Center for Nanoscience-CeNS, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335 Munich, Germany; (L.F.); (J.V.); (H.C.-S.)
- Center for Nanoscience-CeNS, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80335 Munich, Germany;
| | - Rita Dreier
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (Y.R.); (E.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-8355573
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14
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De Roover A, Núñez AE, Cornelis FM, Cherifi C, Casas-Fraile L, Sermon A, Cailotto F, Lories RJ, Monteagudo S. Hypoxia induces DOT1L in articular cartilage to protect against osteoarthritis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:150451. [PMID: 34727094 PMCID: PMC8783684 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent joint disease worldwide, and it is a leading source of pain and disability. To date, this disease lacks curative treatment, as underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The histone methyltransferase DOT1L protects against osteoarthritis, and DOT1L-mediated H3K79 methylation is reduced in human and mouse osteoarthritic joints. Thus, restoring DOT1L function seems to be critical to preserve joint health. However, DOT1L-regulating molecules and networks remain elusive, in the joint and beyond. Here, we identified transcription factors and networks that regulate DOT1L gene expression using a potentially novel bioinformatics pipeline. Thereby, we unraveled a possibly undiscovered link between the hypoxia pathway and DOT1L. We provide evidence that hypoxia enhanced DOT1L expression and H3K79 methylation via hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF1A). Importantly, we demonstrate that DOT1L contributed to the protective effects of hypoxia in articular cartilage and osteoarthritis. Intra-articular treatment with a selective hypoxia mimetic in mice after surgical induction of osteoarthritis restored DOT1L function and stalled disease progression. Collectively, our data unravel a molecular mechanism that protects against osteoarthritis with hypoxia inducing DOT1L transcription in cartilage. Local treatment with a selective hypoxia mimetic in the joint restores DOT1L function and could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid De Roover
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Escribano Núñez
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederique Mf Cornelis
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chahrazad Cherifi
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leire Casas-Fraile
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Sermon
- Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Locomotor and Neurological Disorders Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Cailotto
- UMR 7365 CNRS - University of Lorraine, Molecular Engineering and Articular Physiopathology, Biopôle, University of Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Rik J Lories
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Monteagudo
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Minguzzi M, Panichi V, D’Adamo S, Cetrullo S, Cattini L, Flamigni F, Mariani E, Borzì RM. Pleiotropic Roles of NOTCH1 Signaling in the Loss of Maturational Arrest of Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112012. [PMID: 34769441 PMCID: PMC8585104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling has been identified as a critical regulator of cartilage development and homeostasis. Its pivotal role was established by both several joint specific Notch signaling loss of function mouse models and transient or sustained overexpression. NOTCH1 is the most abundantly expressed NOTCH receptors in normal cartilage and its expression increases in osteoarthritis (OA), when chondrocytes exit from their healthy “maturation arrested state” and resume their natural route of proliferation, hypertrophy, and terminal differentiation. The latter are hallmarks of OA that are easily evaluated in vitro in 2-D or 3-D culture models. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of NOTCH1 knockdown on proliferation (cell count and Picogreen mediated DNA quantification), cell cycle (flow cytometry), hypertrophy (gene and protein expression of key markers such as RUNX2 and MMP-13), and terminal differentiation (viability measured in 3-D cultures by luminescence assay) of human OA chondrocytes. NOTCH1 silencing of OA chondrocytes yielded a healthier phenotype in both 2-D (reduced proliferation) and 3-D with evidence of decreased hypertrophy (reduced expression of RUNX2 and MMP-13) and terminal differentiation (increased viability). This demonstrates that NOTCH1 is a convenient therapeutic target to attenuate OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Minguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Veronica Panichi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (S.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Stefania D’Adamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (S.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Luca Cattini
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (S.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Erminia Mariani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Rosa Maria Borzì
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Kubo Y, Lang O, Amin L, Waldmann F, Bayer A, Lippross S, Pufe T, Tohidnezhad M. Platelet-released growth factors protect articular chondrocytes from inflammatory condition. Ann Anat 2021; 238:151787. [PMID: 34144154 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although platelet-released growth factors (PRGF) can protect cells from inflammation or oxidative stress condition, their therapeutic efficacy for articular cartilage degeneration has been little discussed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PRGF on human articular chondrocytes under inflammatory conditions. METHODS Human C-28/I2 chondrocytes were treated with PRGF, the production from liquid-preserved platelet concentrates obtained by platelet apheresis from human volunteers. Cell proliferation/viability, and collagen type (COL) II and SOX9 gene expressions for chondrogenesis were evaluated with different PRGF concentrations. Additionally, in vitro inflammatory condition was mimicked by stimulating the cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Under inflammation, cell viability, TNF-α gene expression, and the protein levels of cytokines including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and -6, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) angiogenesis marker, were compared with and without PRGF treatment. RESULTS Cell proliferation/viability, and SOX9 and COL II expressions in chondrocytes stimulated with 10% PRGF were significantly higher than without treatment. Cell viability with 10% PRGF was also statistically higher than without treatment under inflammation. The TNF-α gene expression with 10% PRGF was significantly lower than without treatment under inflammation. The protein levels of endogenous TNF-α with 5% PRGF, IL-1β with 10% PRGF, and IL-6 with 5 and 10% PRGF in chondrocytes were significantly lower than untreated ones under inflammation. The VEGF-protein level in chondrocytes stimulated with 20% PRGF was significantly higher than without treatment under inflammation, while there was no significant difference between with 10% PRGF and without treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that optimal PRGF treatment leads to the increase of chondrocyte proliferation/viability and chondrogenic markers, while it increased cell viability but reduced IL-1β and IL-6 expressions under inflammatory condition, suggesting the therapeutic role of PRGF for protection from articular cartilage degeneration through anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Olga Lang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lavin Amin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Felix Waldmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bayer
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Lippross
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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17
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Therapy Modulates the miRNA Profile in Human Primary OA Chondrocytes and Antagonizes Inflammation in Tc28/2a Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115959. [PMID: 34073090 PMCID: PMC8198628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance therapy (NMRT) is discussed as a participant in repair processes regarding cartilage and as an influence in pain signaling. To substantiate the application of NMRT, the underlying mechanisms at the cellular level were studied. In this study microRNA (miR) was extracted from human primary healthy and osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes after NMR treatment and was sequenced by the Ion PI Hi-Q™ Sequencing 200 system. In addition, T/C-28a2 chondrocytes grown under hypoxic conditions were studied for IL-1β induced changes in expression on RNA and protein level. HDAC activity an NAD(+)/NADH was measured by luminescence detection. In OA chondrocytes miR-106a, miR-27a, miR-34b, miR-365a and miR-424 were downregulated. This downregulation was reversed by NMRT. miR-365a-5p is known to directly target HDAC and NF-ĸB, and a decrease in HDAC activity by NMRT was detected. NAD+/NADH was reduced by NMR treatment in OA chondrocytes. Under hypoxic conditions NMRT changed the expression profile of HIF1, HIF2, IGF2, MMP3, MMP13, and RUNX1. We conclude that NMRT changes the miR profile and modulates the HDAC and the NAD(+)/NADH signaling in human chondrocytes. These findings underline once more that NMRT counteracts IL-1β induced changes by reducing catabolic effects, thereby decreasing inflammatory mechanisms under OA by changing NF-ĸB signaling.
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18
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Pang KL, Chow YY, Leong LM, Law JX, Ghafar NA, Soelaiman IN, Chin KY. Establishing SW1353 Chondrocytes as a Cellular Model of Chondrolysis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:272. [PMID: 33805920 PMCID: PMC8064306 DOI: 10.3390/life11040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease characterised by chondrocyte cell death. An in vitro model of chondrocyte cell death may facilitate drug discovery in OA management. In this study, the cytotoxicity and mode of cell death of SW1353 chondrocytes treated with 24 h of OA inducers, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and monosodium iodoacetate (MIA), were investigated. The microscopic features, oxidative (isoprostane) and inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-α) for control and treated cells were compared. Our results showed that 24 h of H2O2 and MIA caused oxidative stress and a concentration-dependent reduction of SW1353 cell viability without TNF-α level upregulation. H2O2 primarily induced chondrocyte apoptosis with the detection of blebbing formation, cell shrinkage and cellular debris. MIA induced S-phase arrest on chondrocytes with a reduced number of attached cells but without significant cell death. On the other hand, 24 h of IL-1β did not affect the cell morphology and viability of SW1353 cells, with a significant increase in intracellular TNF-α levels without inducing oxidative stress. In conclusion, each OA inducer exerts differential effects on SW1353 chondrocyte cell fate. IL-1β is suitable in the inflammatory study but not for chondrocyte cell death. H2O2 and MIA are suitable for inducing chondrocyte cell death and growth arrest, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Lun Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.-L.P.); (I.N.S.)
| | - Yoke Yue Chow
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Medicine, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
| | - Lek Mun Leong
- Prima Nexus Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur 50470, Malaysia;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Ima Nirwana Soelaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.-L.P.); (I.N.S.)
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.-L.P.); (I.N.S.)
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19
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Kittl M, Winklmayr M, Helm K, Lettner J, Gaisberger M, Ritter M, Jakab M. Acid- and Volume-Sensitive Chloride Currents in Human Chondrocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583131. [PMID: 33282866 PMCID: PMC7691427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes face extreme alterations of extracellular osmolarity and pH, which force them to appropriately regulate their cell volume (CV) and cellular pH. Perturbations of these mechanisms lead to chondrocyte death and ultimately to osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic joint diseases worldwide. OA hallmarks are altered cartilage hydration and severe fluid acidification. Impaired CV regulation and acidotoxicity contribute to disease progression and volume-sensitive anion channels are upregulated in OA. This study assessed the effect of hypotonicity and extracellular acidification on chondrocyte Cl– conductances and CV regulation. Cl– currents and membrane potentials were measured in human C28/I2 cells and primary human chondrocytes using the patch clamp technique. Intracellular pH was assessed by BCECF fluorescence, CV measurements were performed using the Coulter method, and cell viability/cell death by a resazurin assay. Hypotonic cell swelling caused activation of a volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) Cl– current followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD), which was attenuated by the Cl– channel blocker DCPIB. Extracellular, but not intracellular acidification to pH ≤ 5.0 elicited an acid-sensitive outwardly rectifying (ASOR) Cl– conductance. Activation of either current depolarized the cell membrane potential. Under simultaneous hypotonic and acidic stimulation, VSOR and ASOR currents transiently coactivated, giving rise to a mixed current phenotype. Over time the VSOR current gradually vanished and the residual conductance showed a pure ASOR current phenotype. Extracellular acidification caused an isotonic CV gain and a complete suppression of RVD under hypotonic conditions. The results suggest that deactivation of the VSOR current under acidic conditions impairs CV regulation in chondrocytes, which is likely to compromise chondrocyte viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kittl
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martina Winklmayr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Helm
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes Lettner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Gaisberger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Ritter
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Jakab
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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20
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K + and Ca 2+ Channels Regulate Ca 2+ Signaling in Chondrocytes: An Illustrated Review. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071577. [PMID: 32610485 PMCID: PMC7408816 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of fundamental physiological principles and progressive pathophysiological processes in human articular joints (e.g., shoulders, knees, elbows) requires detailed investigations of two principal cell types: synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Our studies, done in the past 8–10 years, have used electrophysiological, Ca2+ imaging, single molecule monitoring, immunocytochemical, and molecular methods to investigate regulation of the resting membrane potential (ER) and intracellular Ca2+ levels in human chondrocytes maintained in 2-D culture. Insights from these published papers are as follows: (1) Chondrocyte preparations express a number of different ion channels that can regulate their ER. (2) Understanding the basis for ER requires knowledge of (a) the presence or absence of ligand (ATP/histamine) stimulation and (b) the extraordinary ionic composition and ionic strength of synovial fluid. (3) In our chondrocyte preparations, at least two types of Ca2+-activated K+ channels are expressed and can significantly hyperpolarize ER. (4) Accounting for changes in ER can provide insights into the functional roles of the ligand-dependent Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels. Some of the findings are illustrated in this review. Our summary diagram suggests that, in chondrocytes, the K+ and Ca2+ channels are linked in a positive feedback loop that can augment Ca2+ influx and therefore regulate lubricant and cytokine secretion and gene transcription.
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21
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Chai B, Zheng ZH, Liao X, Li KY, Liang JS, Huang YX, Tong CJ, Ou DJ, Lu J. The protective role of omentin-1 in IL-1β-induced chondrocyte senescence. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:8-14. [PMID: 31852248 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1699803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common type of degenerative joint disease. Inflammation-related chondrocyte senescence plays a major role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Omentin-1 is a newly identified anti-inflammatory adipokine involved in lipid metabolism. In this study, we examined the biological function of omentin-1 in cultured chondrocytes. The presence of omentin-1 potently suppresses IL-1β-induced cellular senescence as revealed by staining with senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal). At the cellular level, omentin-1 attenuates IL-1β-induced G1 phase cell-cycle arrest. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that omentin-1 reduced IL-1β-induced expression of senescent factors including caveolin-1, p21, and PAI-1 as well as p53 acetylation through ameliorating SIRT1 reduction. Notably, silencing of SIRT1 abolishes IL-1β-induced senescence along with the induction of p21 and PAI-1, suggesting that the action of omentin-1 in chondrocytes is dependent on SIRT1. Collectively, our results revealed the molecular mechanism through which the adipokine omentin-1 exerts a beneficial effect, thereby protecting chondrocytes from senescence. Thus, omentin-1 could have clinical implication in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base For TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Kang-Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Shan Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Jun Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Di-Jun Ou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
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22
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Yang X, Liu TC, Liu S, Zhu W, Li H, Liang P, Ye S, Cui S. Promoted Viability and Differentiated Phenotype of Cultured Chondrocytes With Low Level Laser Irradiation Potentiate Efficacious Cells for Therapeutics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:468. [PMID: 32548098 PMCID: PMC7272569 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective clinical treatments of cartilage lesions in affected joints require large numbers of viable chondrogenic cells generated through in vivo stimulation or ex vivo expansion of chondrocytes isolated from small biopsy specimens. Conventional passaging of chondrocytes in culture provides sufficient cells for treatments but these cells usually lose their differentiated phenotype. This leads to the formation of fibrocartilaginous tissue due to a malfunctioning repair process. Biostimulation of passaging chondrocytes with low level laser irradiation (LLLI) may theoretically produce more functional chondrocytes for cell-based repair of cartilage defects. Molecular and cellular analyses, cytochemistry, cell cultivation, and microscopy showed that LLLI treatments were found to (1) increase chondrocyte viability, (2) promote secretion of matrix proteins, (3) upregulate expression of chondrogenic genes, and (4) downregulate gene expression of cell destructive proteases and genes coding for mediators involved in the extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway. Furthermore, LLLI attenuated induction of genes associated with cell death and matrix breakdown induced by IL-1β, some of which was seen at the protein level, with verification of effects on gene expression in the C28/I2 human chondrocyte line. LLLI treatments during culture generated larger numbers of viable chondrocytes compared to untreated cultures. Moreover, LLLI-treated chondrocytes in culture also rectified and simultaneously maintained their differentiated phenotype. Cultured chondrocytes treated with LLLI are a promising cell source for repairing cartilage lesions in vivo and restoration of articular function using tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Timon Chengyi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Surgical Department, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicong Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peihong Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suihui Ye
- Surgical Department, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuliang Cui
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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23
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Richard D, Liu Z, Cao J, Kiapour AM, Willen J, Yarlagadda S, Jagoda E, Kolachalama VB, Sieker JT, Chang GH, Muthuirulan P, Young M, Masson A, Konrad J, Hosseinzadeh S, Maridas DE, Rosen V, Krawetz R, Roach N, Capellini TD. Evolutionary Selection and Constraint on Human Knee Chondrocyte Regulation Impacts Osteoarthritis Risk. Cell 2020; 181:362-381.e28. [PMID: 32220312 PMCID: PMC7179902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During human evolution, the knee adapted to the biomechanical demands of bipedalism by altering chondrocyte developmental programs. This adaptive process was likely not without deleterious consequences to health. Today, osteoarthritis occurs in 250 million people, with risk variants enriched in non-coding sequences near chondrocyte genes, loci that likely became optimized during knee evolution. We explore this relationship by epigenetically profiling joint chondrocytes, revealing ancient selection and recent constraint and drift on knee regulatory elements, which also overlap osteoarthritis variants that contribute to disease heritability by tending to modify constrained functional sequence. We propose a model whereby genetic violations to regulatory constraint, tolerated during knee development, lead to adult pathology. In support, we discover a causal enhancer variant (rs6060369) present in billions of people at a risk locus (GDF5-UQCC1), showing how it impacts mouse knee-shape and osteoarthritis. Overall, our methods link an evolutionarily novel aspect of human anatomy to its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Richard
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Zun Liu
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ata M Kiapour
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Willen
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Evelyn Jagoda
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Hariri Institute for Computing and Computational Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jakob T Sieker
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Gary H Chang
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mariel Young
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Anand Masson
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Johannes Konrad
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shayan Hosseinzadeh
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Maridas
- Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roman Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Neil Roach
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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24
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Piñeiro-Ramil M, Sanjurjo-Rodríguez C, Castro-Viñuelas R, Rodríguez-Fernández S, Fuentes-Boquete I, Blanco F, Díaz-Prado S. Usefulness of Mesenchymal Cell Lines for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Research. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6286. [PMID: 31847077 PMCID: PMC6940884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unavailability of sufficient numbers of human primary cells is a major roadblock for in vitro repair of bone and/or cartilage, and for performing disease modelling experiments. Immortalized mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs) may be employed as a research tool for avoiding these problems. The purpose of this review was to revise the available literature on the characteristics of the iMSC lines, paying special attention to the maintenance of the phenotype of the primary cells from which they were derived, and whether they are effectively useful for in vitro disease modeling and cell therapy purposes. This review was performed by searching on Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2019. The keywords used were ALL = (mesenchymal AND ("cell line" OR immortal*) AND (cartilage OR chondrogenesis OR bone OR osteogenesis) AND human). Only original research studies in which a human iMSC line was employed for osteogenesis or chondrogenesis experiments were included. After describing the success of the immortalization protocol, we focused on the iMSCs maintenance of the parental phenotype and multipotency. According to the literature revised, it seems that the maintenance of these characteristics is not guaranteed by immortalization, and that careful selection and validation of clones with particular characteristics is necessary for taking advantage of the full potential of iMSC to be employed in bone and cartilage-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Piñeiro-Ramil
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina e Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultade de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Campus de A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (C.S.-R.); (R.C.-V.); (S.R.-F.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación Estratéxica entre o CICA e o Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - C. Sanjurjo-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina e Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultade de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Campus de A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (C.S.-R.); (R.C.-V.); (S.R.-F.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación Estratéxica entre o CICA e o Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - R. Castro-Viñuelas
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina e Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultade de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Campus de A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (C.S.-R.); (R.C.-V.); (S.R.-F.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación Estratéxica entre o CICA e o Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - S. Rodríguez-Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina e Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultade de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Campus de A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (C.S.-R.); (R.C.-V.); (S.R.-F.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación Estratéxica entre o CICA e o Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - I.M. Fuentes-Boquete
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina e Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultade de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Campus de A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (C.S.-R.); (R.C.-V.); (S.R.-F.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación Estratéxica entre o CICA e o Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - F.J. Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - S.M. Díaz-Prado
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina e Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultade de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Campus de A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (C.S.-R.); (R.C.-V.); (S.R.-F.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular e Medicina Rexenerativa, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación Estratéxica entre o CICA e o Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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4-Phenylbutyric Acid Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chondrocytes That Is Caused by Loss of the Protein Disulfide Isomerase ERp57. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6404035. [PMID: 31781343 PMCID: PMC6875354 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6404035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective The integrity of cartilage depends on the correct synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In case of insufficient folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of chondrocytes, ECM proteins aggregate, ER stress evolves, and the unfolded protein response (UPR) is initiated. By this mechanism, chondrocytes relieve the stress condition or initiate cell death by apoptosis. Especially persistent ER stress has emerged as a pathogenic mechanism in cartilage diseases, such as chondrodysplasias and osteoarthritis. As pharmacological intervention is not available yet, it is of great interest to understand cartilage ER stress in detail and to develop therapeutics to intervene. Methods ERp57-deficient chondrocytes were generated by CRISPR/Cas9-induced KO. ER stress and autophagy were studied on mRNA and protein level as well as by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in chondrocyte micromass or cartilage explant cultures of ERp57 KO mice. Thapsigargin (Tg), an inhibitor of the ER-residing Ca2+-ATPase, and 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a small molecular chemical chaperone, were applied to induce or inhibit ER stress. Results Our data reveal that the loss of the protein disulfide isomerase ERp57 is sufficient to induce ER stress in chondrocytes. 4-PBA efficiently diffuses into cartilage explant cultures and diminishes excessive ER stress in chondrocytes dose dependently, no matter if it is induced by ERp57 KO or stimulation with Tg. Conclusion ER-stress-related diseases have different sources; therefore, various targets for therapeutic treatment exist. In the future, 4-PBA may be used alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of ER-stress-related skeletal disorders in patients.
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26
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D'Adamo S, Cetrullo S, Borzì RM, Flamigni F. Effect of oxidative stress and 3-hydroxytyrosol on DNA methylation levels of miR-9 promoters. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7885-7889. [PMID: 31496000 PMCID: PMC6815808 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D'Adamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Borzì
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Wang M, Xue S, Fang Q, Zhang M, He Y, Zhang Y, Lammi MJ, Cao J, Chen J. Expression and localization of the small proteoglycans decorin and biglycan in articular cartilage of Kashin-Beck disease and rats induced by T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:451-459. [PMID: 31478096 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic degenerative osteoarthropathy of uncertain etiology. Our study sought to identify a correlation between small proteoglycans decorin and biglycan expression and Kashin-Beck Disease. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the decorin and biglycan levels in cartilage specimens from both child KBD patients, and rats fed with T-2 toxin under a selenium-deficient condition. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of decorin and biglycan in rat cartilages, as well as in C28/I2 chondrocytes stimulated by T-2 toxin and selenium in vitro. The result showed that decorin was reduced in all zones of KBD articular cartilage, while the expression of biglycan was prominently increased in KBD cartilage samples. Increased expression of biglycan and reduced expression of decorin were observed at mRNA and protein levels in the cartilage of rats fed with T-2 toxin and selenium- deficiency plus T-2 toxin diet, when compared with the normal diet group. Moreover, In vitro stimulation of C28/I2 cells with T-2 toxin resulted in an upregulation of biglycan and downregulation of decorin, T-2 toxin induction of biglycan and decorin levels were partly rescued by selenium supplement. This study highlights the focal nature of the degenerative changes that occur in KBD cartilage and may suggest that the altered expression pattern of decorin and biglycan have an important role in the onset and pathogenesis of KBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Senhai Xue
- Xijing Hospital, Medical University of the Air Force, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Fang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Junling Cao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Hu Y, Li S, Zou Y. Knockdown of LncRNA H19 Relieves LPS-Induced Damage by Modulating miR-130a in Osteoarthritis. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:381-388. [PMID: 30900425 PMCID: PMC6433564 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.4.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a commonly occurring illness without a definitive cure, at present. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely confirmed to be involved in the modulation of OA progression. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA H19 in OA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Abundances of H19 and microRNA-130a (miR-130a) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C28/I2 cells were measured by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). CCK-8 and flow cytometry analyses were carried out to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Starbase online software was used to predict the putative binding sites between H19 and miR-130a. Luciferase reporter, RNA pull down, and RT-qPCR were performed to analyze the true interaction between H19 and miR-130a. RESULTS A notably dose-dependent elevation of H19 levels was observed in LPS-treated C28/I2 cells. Knockdown of H19 ameliorated the injury of LPS-induced C28/I2 cells, reflected by induced viability, decreased apoptosis, and reduced inflammatory factor secretions. Moreover, H19 negatively regulated the expression of miR-130a via acting as a molecular sponge for miR-130a. The stimulatory effects of H19 on cell damage were abolished following the restoration of miR-130a. CONCLUSION LncRNA H19 aggravated the injury of LPS-induced C28/I2 cells by sponging miR-130a, hinting a novel regulatory mechanism and a potential therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing Dongnan Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Sukai Li
- Department One of Orthopedics, Dianjiang People's Hospital of Chongqing, Dianjiang County, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonggen Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Bystander effectors of chondrosarcoma cells irradiated at different LET impair proliferation of chondrocytes. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:343-356. [PMID: 30903603 PMCID: PMC6732157 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While the dose-response relationship of radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is controversial at low and high linear energy transfer (LET), mechanisms and effectors of cell-to-cell communication stay unclear and highly dependent of cell type. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of chondrocytes in responding to bystander factors released by chondrosarcoma cells irradiated at different doses (0.05 to 8 Gy) with X-rays and C-ions. Following a medium transfer protocol, cell survival, proliferation and DNA damages were quantified in bystander chondrocytes. The bystander factors secreted by chondrosarcoma cells were characterized. A significant and major RIBE response was observed in chondrocyte cells (T/C-28a2) receiving conditioned medium from chondrosarcoma cells (SW1353) irradiated with 0.1 Gy of X-rays and 0.05 Gy of C-ions, resulting in cell survivals of 36% and 62%, respectively. Micronuclei induction in bystander cells was observed from the same low doses. The cell survival results obtained by clonogenic assays were confirmed using impedancemetry. The bystander activity was vanished after a heat treatment or a dilution of the conditioned media. The cytokines which are well known as bystander factors, TNF-α and IL-6, were increased as a function of doses and LET according to an ELISA multiplex analysis. Together, the results demonstrate that irradiated chondrosarcoma cells can communicate stress factors to non-irradiated chondrocytes, inducing a wide and specific bystander response related to both doses and LET.
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30
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A Complex Relationship between Visfatin and Resistin and microRNA: An In Vitro Study on Human Chondrocyte Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123909. [PMID: 30563239 PMCID: PMC6320832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates the important role of adipokines and microRNA (miRNA) in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of visfatin and resistin on some miRNA (34a, 140, 146a, 155, 181a, let-7e), metalloproteinases (MMPs), and collagen type II alpha 1 chain (Col2a1) in human OA chondrocytes and in the T/C-28a2 cell line. The implication of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in response to adipokines was also assessed. Chondrocytes were stimulated with visfatin (5 or 10 μg/mL) and resistin (50 or 100 ng/mL) with or without NF-κB inhibitor (BAY-11-7082, 1 μM) for 24 h. Viability and apoptosis were detected by MMT and cytometry, miRNA, MMP-1, MMP-13, and Col2a1 by qRT-PCR and NF-κB activation by immunofluorescence. Visfatin and resistin significantly reduced viability, induced apoptosis, increased miR-34a, miR-155, miR-181a, and miR-let7e, and reduced miR-140 and miR-146a gene expression in OA chondrocytes. MMP-1, MMP-13, and Col2a1 were significantly modulated by treatment of OA chondrocytes with adipokines. Visfatin and resistin significantly increased NF-κB activation, while the co-treatment with BAY11-7082 did not change MMPs or Col2a1 levels beyond that caused by single treatment. Visfatin and resistin regulate the expression levels of some miRNA involved in OA pathogenesis and exert catabolic functions in chondrocytes via the NF-κB pathway. These data confirm the complex relationship between adipokines and miRNA.
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31
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Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) lesions are a major cause of chronic musculoskeletal pain and functional disability, which reduces the quality of life of the patients and entails high costs to the society. Currently, there are no effective treatments, so in vitro and in vivo disease models are critically important to obtain knowledge about the causes and to develop effective treatments for OC injuries. In vitro models are essential to clarify the causes of the disease and the subsequent design of the first barrier to test potential therapeutics. On the other hand, in vivo models are anatomically more similar to humans allowing to reproduce the pattern and progression of the lesion in a controlled scene and offering the opportunity to study the symptoms and responses to new treatments. Moreover, in vivo models are the most suitable preclinical model, being a fundamental and a mandatory step to ensure the successful transfer to clinical trials. Both in vitro and in vitro models have a number of advantages and limitation, and the choice of the most appropriate model for each study depends on many factors, such as the purpose of the study, handling or the ease to obtain, and cost, among others. In this chapter, we present the main in vitro and in vivo OC disease models that have been used over the years in the study of origin, progress, and treatment approaches of OC defects.
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32
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Lin X, Shao W, Yu F, Xing K, Liu H, Zhang F, Goldring MB, Lammi MJ, Guo X. Individual and combined toxicity of T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol on human C-28/I2 and rat primary chondrocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:343-353. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xialu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Wanzhen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Ke Xing
- Xi’an Hong Hui Hospital, Health Science Center; Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Feng'e Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Mary B. Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York NY USA
| | - Mikko J. Lammi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology; University of Umeå; Umeå Sweden
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
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33
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Guo M, Liu Z, Willen J, Shaw CP, Richard D, Jagoda E, Doxey AC, Hirschhorn J, Capellini TD. Epigenetic profiling of growth plate chondrocytes sheds insight into regulatory genetic variation influencing height. eLife 2017; 6:29329. [PMID: 29205154 PMCID: PMC5716665 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GWAS have identified hundreds of height-associated loci. However, determining causal mechanisms is challenging, especially since height-relevant tissues (e.g. growth plates) are difficult to study. To uncover mechanisms by which height GWAS variants function, we performed epigenetic profiling of murine femoral growth plates. The profiled open chromatin regions recapitulate known chondrocyte and skeletal biology, are enriched at height GWAS loci, particularly near differentially expressed growth plate genes, and enriched for binding motifs of transcription factors with roles in chondrocyte biology. At specific loci, our analyses identified compelling mechanisms for GWAS variants. For example, at CHSY1, we identified a candidate causal variant (rs9920291) overlapping an open chromatin region. Reporter assays demonstrated that rs9920291 shows allelic regulatory activity, and CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of human chondrocytes demonstrates that the region regulates CHSY1 expression. Thus, integrating biologically relevant epigenetic information (here, from growth plates) with genetic association results can identify biological mechanisms important for human growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Guo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Zun Liu
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jessie Willen
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Cameron P Shaw
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Daniel Richard
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Evelyn Jagoda
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Andrew C Doxey
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Joel Hirschhorn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
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34
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Meszaros EC, Malemud CJ. Phosphorylation of STAT proteins by recombinant human IL-6 in immortalized human chondrocyte cell lines, T/C28a2 and C28/I2. J Inflamm Res 2017; 10:143-150. [PMID: 29026328 PMCID: PMC5627728 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s93797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two immortalized human juvenile chondrocyte cell lines, T/C28a2 and C28/I2, were employed to determine the extent to which recombinant human (rh) IL-6, a known cytokine activator of the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway in many cell types, caused STAT proteins to be phosphorylated. The results showed that STAT3 was constitutively phosphorylated in the absence of rhIL-6 in T/C28a2 chondrocytes. However, C28/I2 chondrocytes treated with rhIL-6 caused STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 to be phosphorylated without altering total unphosphorylated STAT proteins. STAT3 phosphorylation in response to rhIL-6 in T/C28a and C28/I2 chondrocytes was efficiently blocked by the JAK3-selective inhibitor WHI-P131 (Janex-1) and by soluble IL-6 receptor-α (sIL-6R). However, the combination of rhIL-6 and ruxolitinib, a JAK1/JAK2-selective inhibitor, was a less effective inhibitor of STAT protein activation. These findings showed that rhIL-6 activated STAT proteins in the C28/I2 chondrocyte cell line. STAT protein phosphorylation could be blocked by a JAK3-selective inhibitor or by the combination of rhIL-6 and sIL-6R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles J Malemud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases.,Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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35
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Steinecker-Frohnwieser B, Kaltenegger H, Weigl L, Mann A, Kullich W, Leithner A, Lohberger B. Pharmacological treatment with diacerein combined with mechanical stimulation affects the expression of growth factors in human chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 11:154-160. [PMID: 28955780 PMCID: PMC5614688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) as the main chronic joint disease arises from a disturbed balance between anabolic and catabolic processes leading to destructions of articular cartilage of the joints. While mechanical stress can be disastrous for the metabolism of chondrocytes, mechanical stimulation at the physiological level is known to improve cell function. The disease modifying OA drug (DMOAD) diacerein functions as a slowly-acting drug in OA by exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-catabolic, and pro-anabolic properties on cartilage. Combining these two treatment options revealed positive effects on OA-chondrocytes. METHODS Cells were grown on flexible silicone membranes and mechanically stimulated by cyclic tensile loading. After seven days in the presence or absence of diacerein, inflammation markers and growth factors were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme linked immune assays. The influence of conditioned medium was tested on cell proliferation and cell migration. RESULTS Tensile strain and diacerein treatment reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression, whereas cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression was increased only by mechanical stimulation. The basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was down regulated by the combined treatment modalities, whereas prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis was reduced only under OA conditions. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) was down-regulated by both. CONCLUSIONS From our study we conclude that moderate mechanical stimulation appears beneficial for the fate of the cell and improves the pharmacological effect of diacerein based on cross-talks between different initiated pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Combining two different treatment options broadens the perspective to treat OA and improves chondrocytes metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiane Steinecker-Frohnwieser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Department for Rehabilitation of Internal Diseases, Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Thorerstrasse 26, 5760 Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Heike Kaltenegger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Weigl
- Department of Special Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Anda Mann
- Department of Special Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Kullich
- Ludwig Boltzmann Department for Rehabilitation of Internal Diseases, Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Thorerstrasse 26, 5760 Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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36
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Furuta J, Ariyoshi W, Okinaga T, Takeuchi J, Mitsugi S, Tominaga K, Nishihara T. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid regulates MMP13 expression in chondrocytes via DUSP10/MKP5. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:331-339. [PMID: 27101204 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effect of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) on matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) expression induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in chondrocytes. Human chondrocytic C28/I2 cells were incubated with TNF-α and HA. In some experiments, the cells were pre-incubated with a CD44 function-blocking monoclonal antibody (CD44 mAb) prior to addition of TNF-α and HA. The expression of MMP13 was determined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, while the phosphorylation of signaling molecules was measured by western blot analysis. The transcriptional activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1) was analyzed by a reporter assay. To further clarify the molecular mechanisms of HA in MMP13 regulation, the expression level of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 10 (DUSP10)/mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphatase 5 (MKP5) in HA-treated chondrocytes was assessed by real-time RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence microscopy. HA decreased MMP13 mRNA and protein expression induced by TNF-α. Blockage of HA-CD44 binding by CD44 mAb suppressed HA-mediated inhibition of MMP13. HA inhibited transient phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-jun NH2 -terminal kinase (JNK) induced by TNF-α. Reporter assay findings also revealed that pre-treatment with HA inhibited the transcriptional activity of AP-1 mediated by TNF-α. Moreover, HA induced the expression of DUSP10/MKP5, a negative regulator of p38 MAPK and JNK pathways. These results indicate that HA-CD44 interactions downregulate TNF-α-induced MMP13 expression via regulation of DUSP10/MKP5, suggesting that HA plays an important role as a regulatory factor in cartilage degradation. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:331-339, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Furuta
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Okinaga
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Takeuchi
- Pharmaceuticals Information Group, Seikagaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Mitsugi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tominaga
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Multiplexed mass spectrometry monitoring of biomarker candidates for osteoarthritis. J Proteomics 2016; 152:216-225. [PMID: 27865793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The methods currently available for the diagnosis and monitoring of osteoarthritis (OA) are very limited and lack sensitivity. Being the most prevalent rheumatic disease, one of the most disabling pathologies worldwide and currently untreatable, there is a considerable interest pointed in the verification of specific biological markers for improving its diagnosis and disease progression studies. Considering the remarkable development of targeted proteomics methodologies in the frame of the Human Proteome Project, the aim of this work was to develop and apply a MRM-based method for the multiplexed analysis of a panel of 6 biomarker candidates for OA encoded by the Chromosome 16, and another 8 proteins identified in previous shotgun studies as related with this pathology, in specimens derived from the human joint and serum. The method, targeting 35 different peptides, was applied to samples from human articular chondrocytes, healthy and osteoarthritic cartilage, synovial fluid and serum. Subsequently, a verification analysis of the biomarker value of these proteins was performed by single point measurements on a set of 116 serum samples, leading to the identification of increased amounts of Haptoglobin and von Willebrand Factor in OA patients. Altogether, the present work provides a tool for the multiplexed monitoring of 14 biomarker candidates for OA, and verifies for the first time the increased amount of two of these circulating markers in patients diagnosed with this disease. SIGNIFICANCE We have developed an MRM method for the identification and relative quantification of a panel of 14 protein biomarker candidates for osteoarthritis. This method has been applied to analyze human articular chondrocytes, articular cartilage, synovial fluid, and finally a collection of 116 serum samples from healthy controls and patients suffering different degrees of osteoarthritis, in order to verify the biomarker usefulness of the candidates. HPT and VWF were validated as increased in OA patients.
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Pellicelli M, Picard C, Wang D, Lavigne P, Moreau A. E2F1 and TFDP1 Regulate PITX1 Expression in Normal and Osteoarthritic Articular Chondrocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165951. [PMID: 27802335 PMCID: PMC5089553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a loss-of-PITX1 expression in patients suffering of knee/hip osteoarthritis (OA). Search for the mechanism underlying this event led us to discover that PITX1 repression was triggered by the aberrant nuclear accumulation of Prohibitin (PHB1), an E2F1 co-repressor, in OA articular chondrocytes. In the current study, we assessed in details the involvement of E2F transcription factors in regulating PITX1 expression. We also analyzed other genes that are similarly regulated by E2F in regard to osteoarthritis. The transcriptional regulation of the PITX1 promoter by E2F1 was analyzed with the luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, which confirmed direct E2F1-PITX1 interactions. The probable binding sites for E2F1 in the PITX1 promoter were identified by DNA pulldown experiments. In silico and in vitro analyses show that the PITX1 proximal promoter region contains 2 specific sequences that are bound by E2F1. Overexpression of E2F1 enhances PITX1 promoter activity and mRNA transcription. In primary control and osteoarthritis chondrocytes, real time RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of candidate genes under E2F1 transcriptional control. Transcription Factor Dp-1 (TFDP1) knockdown experiments confirmed that the E2F1-TFDP1 complex regulates PITX1. Knockdown of TFDP1, an E2F1 dimerization partner, inhibits the activating effect of E2F1 and reduces both PITX1 promoter activity and mRNA transcription. Real time RT-PCR results reveal reduced expression of TFDP1 and a similar downregulation of their targets PITX1, BRCA1, CDKN1A, and RAD51 in mid-stage OA chondrocytes. Collectively, our data define a previously uncharacterized role for E2F1 and TFDP1 in the transcriptional regulation of PITX1 in articular chondrocytes. Additional E2F1 targets may be affected in OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pellicelli
- Viscogliosi Laboratory in Molecular Genetics of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia Picard
- Viscogliosi Laboratory in Molecular Genetics of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - DaShen Wang
- Viscogliosi Laboratory in Molecular Genetics of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Lavigne
- Orthopedic Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Moreau
- Viscogliosi Laboratory in Molecular Genetics of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Applications of Chondrocyte-Based Cartilage Engineering: An Overview. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1879837. [PMID: 27631002 PMCID: PMC5007317 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1879837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes are the exclusive cells residing in cartilage and maintain the functionality of cartilage tissue. Series of biocomponents such as different growth factors, cytokines, and transcriptional factors regulate the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation to chondrocytes. The number of chondrocytes and dedifferentiation are the key limitations in subsequent clinical application of the chondrocytes. Different culture methods are being developed to overcome such issues. Using tissue engineering and cell based approaches, chondrocytes offer prominent therapeutic option specifically in orthopedics for cartilage repair and to treat ailments such as tracheal defects, facial reconstruction, and urinary incontinence. Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation/implantation is an improved version of traditional autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) method. An increasing number of studies show the clinical significance of this technique for the chondral lesions treatment. Literature survey was carried out to address clinical and functional findings by using various ACT procedures. The current study was conducted to study the pharmacological significance and biomedical application of chondrocytes. Furthermore, it is inferred from the present study that long term follow-up studies are required to evaluate the potential of these methods and specific positive outcomes.
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Choi H, Merceron C, Mangiavini L, Seifert EL, Schipani E, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Hypoxia promotes noncanonical autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells independent of MTOR and HIF1A signaling. Autophagy 2016; 12:1631-46. [PMID: 27314664 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1192753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells reside in the avascular and hypoxic microenvironment of intervertebral discs. Importantly, many activities related to survival and function of NP cells are controlled by the HIF-family of transcription factors. We hypothesize that NP cells adapt to their hypoxic niche through modulation of macroautophagy/autophagy. In various cell types, hypoxia induces autophagy in a HIF1A-dependent fashion; however, little is known about hypoxic regulation of autophagy in NP cells. Hypoxia increases the number of autophagosomes as seen by TEM analysis and LC3-positive puncta in NP cells. Hypoxic induction of autophagy was also demonstrated by a significantly higher number of autophagosomes and smaller change in autolysosomes in NP cells expressing tandem-mCherry-EGFP-LC3B. Increased LC3-II levels were not accompanied by a concomitant increase in BECN1 or the ATG12-ATG5 complex. In addition, ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser757 and Ser777 responsive to MTOR and AMPK, respectively, was not affected in hypoxia. Interestingly, when MTOR activity was inhibited by rapamycin or Torin1, LC3-II levels did not change, suggesting a novel MTOR-independent regulation. Noteworthy, while silencing of HIF1A affected hypoxic induction of BNIP3, it did not affect LC3-II levels, indicating hypoxia-induced autophagy is HIF1-independent. Importantly, there was no change in the number of LC3-positive autophagosomes in NP-specific Hif1a null mice. Finally, inhibition of autophagic flux did not affect the glycolytic metabolism of NP cells, suggesting a possible nonmetabolic role of autophagy. Taken together, our study for the first time shows that NP cells regulate autophagy in a noncanonical fashion independent of MTOR and HIF1A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Choi
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Christophe Merceron
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,c Inserm, UMRS 791-LIOAD, Center for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering, Group STEP 'Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology' , Nantes , France.,d LUNAM, Nantes University, Faculty of Dental Surgery , Nantes , France
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,e Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology , Milano-Bicocca University , Monza ( MB ), Italy
| | - Erin L Seifert
- f Department of Pathology , Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,g Department of Medicine , Division of Endocrinology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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41
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Fang D, Gan H, Lee JH, Han J, Wang Z, Riester SM, Jin L, Chen J, Zhou H, Wang J, Zhang H, Yang N, Bradley EW, Ho TH, Rubin BP, Bridge JA, Thibodeau SN, Ordog T, Chen Y, van Wijnen AJ, Oliveira AM, Xu RM, Westendorf JJ, Zhang Z. The histone H3.3K36M mutation reprograms the epigenome of chondroblastomas. Science 2016; 352:1344-8. [PMID: 27229140 PMCID: PMC5460624 DOI: 10.1126/science.aae0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
More than 90% of chondroblastomas contain a heterozygous mutation replacing lysine-36 with methionine-36 (K36M) in the histone H3 variant H3.3. Here we show that H3K36 methylation is reduced globally in human chondroblastomas and in chondrocytes harboring the same genetic mutation, due to inhibition of at least two H3K36 methyltransferases, MMSET and SETD2, by the H3.3K36M mutant proteins. Genes with altered expression as well as H3K36 di- and trimethylation in H3.3K36M cells are enriched in cancer pathways. In addition, H3.3K36M chondrocytes exhibit several hallmarks of cancer cells, including increased ability to form colonies, resistance to apoptosis, and defects in differentiation. Thus, H3.3K36M proteins reprogram the H3K36 methylation landscape and contribute to tumorigenesis, in part through altering the expression of cancer-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haiyun Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Epigenomics Program, Center of Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Scott M Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jianji Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jinglong Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Honglian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Na Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Elizabeth W Bradley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thai H Ho
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 East Shea B., Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Brian P Rubin
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute and Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic and Lerner Research Institute, L2 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Julia A Bridge
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Pediatrics, and Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Epigenomics Program, Center of Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Interdisciplinary Health Science Initiative, 1110 Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, M/C 249, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andre M Oliveira
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rui-Ming Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Epigenomics Program, Center of Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Malemud CJ, Meszaros EC, Wylie MA, Dahoud W, Skomorovska-Prokvolit Y, Mesiano S. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Production by Immortalized Human Chondrocyte Lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 27398263 PMCID: PMC4937998 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We reported at the Keynote Forum of Immunology Summit-2015 that recombinant human (rh) TNF-α or rhIL-6 stimulated production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the T/C28a2 and C-28/I2 human immortalized chondrocyte cell lines. Furthermore, we reported that tocilizumab (TCZ), a fully humanized monoclonal antibody which neutralizes IL-6-mediated signaling, inhibited the rhIL-6-mediated increase in the production of MMP-9. IL-6 is also a known activator of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. In that regard, we evaluated the effect of rhIL-6 on total and phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription by these chondrocyte lines which showed that whereas STAT3 was constitutively phosphorylated in T/C28a2 chondrocytes, rhIL-6 activated STAT3 in C-28/I2 chondrocytes. The finding that rhIL-6 increased the production of MMP-9 by human immortalized chondrocyte cell lines may have important implications with respect to the destruction of articular cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Thus, the markedly elevated level of IL-6 in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis sera and synovial fluid would be expected to generate significant MMP-9 to cause the degradation of articular cartilage extracellular matrix proteins. The finding that TCZ suppressed rhIL-6-mediated MMP-9 production suggests that TCZ, currently employed in the medical therapy of rheumatoid arthritis, could be considered as a drug for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Malemud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Evan C Meszaros
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Meredith A Wylie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Wissam Dahoud
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | - Sam Mesiano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Cetrullo S, D'Adamo S, Guidotti S, Borzì RM, Flamigni F. Hydroxytyrosol prevents chondrocyte death under oxidative stress by inducing autophagy through sirtuin 1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1181-91. [PMID: 26947008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a major phenolic antioxidant found in olive oil, can afford protection from oxidative stress in several types of non-tumoral cells, including chondrocytes. Autophagy was recently identified as a protective process during osteoarthritis (OA) development and critical for survival of chondrocytes. Therefore we have investigated the possibility to modulate chondrocyte autophagy by HT treatment. METHODS DNA damage and cell death were estimated in human C-28/I2 and primary OA chondrocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Autophagic flux and mitophagy were monitored by measuring levels and location of autophagy markers through western blot, immunostaining and confocal laser microscopy. Late autophagic vacuoles were stained with monodansylcadaverine. The involvement of sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot and gene silencing with specific siRNA. RESULTS HT increases markers of autophagy and protects chondrocytes from DNA damage and cell death induced by oxidative stress. The protective effect requires the deacetylase SIRT-1, which accumulated in the nucleus following HT treatment. In fact silencing of this enzyme prevented HT from promoting the autophagic process and cell survival. Furthermore HT supports autophagy even in a SIRT-1-independent manner, by increasing p62 transcription, required for autophagic degradation of polyubiquitin-containing bodies. CONCLUSIONS These results support the potential of HT as a chondroprotective nutraceutical compound against OA, not merely for its antioxidant ability, but as an autophagy and SIRT-1 inducer as well. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE HT may exert a cytoprotective action by promoting autophagy in cell types that may be damaged in degenerative diseases by oxidative and other stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cetrullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Adamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Guidotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia and Rigenerazione Tissutale/Laboratorio RAMSES, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Borzì
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia and Rigenerazione Tissutale/Laboratorio RAMSES, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Camarero-Espinosa S, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Foster EJ, Weder C. Articular cartilage: from formation to tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:734-67. [PMID: 26923076 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage is the nonlinear, inhomogeneous, anisotropic, poro-viscoelastic connective tissue that serves as friction-reducing and load-bearing cushion in synovial joints and is vital for mammalian skeletal movements. Due to its avascular nature, low cell density, low proliferative activity and the tendency of chondrocytes to de-differentiate, cartilage cannot regenerate after injury, wear and tear, or degeneration through common diseases such as osteoarthritis. Therefore severe damage usually requires surgical intervention. Current clinical strategies to generate new tissue include debridement, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte transplantation, and mosaicplasty. While articular cartilage was predicted to be one of the first tissues to be successfully engineered, it proved to be challenging to reproduce the complex architecture and biomechanical properties of the native tissue. Despite significant research efforts, only a limited number of studies have evolved up to the clinical trial stage. This review article summarizes the current state of cartilage tissue engineering in the context of relevant biological aspects, such as the formation and growth of hyaline cartilage, its composition, structure and biomechanical properties. Special attention is given to materials development, scaffold designs, fabrication methods, and template-cell interactions, which are of great importance to the structure and functionality of the engineered tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Malemud CJ, Lewis AC, Wylie MA, Meszaros EC, Skomorovska-Prokvolit Y, Mesiano S. U0126, an Inhibitor of MEK1/2, Increases Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Apoptosis, but not Interleukin-6 Induced Apoptosis in C-28/I2 Human Chondrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1. [PMID: 26855970 DOI: 10.21767/2471-8153.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the SAPK/MAPK signaling pathway by pro-inflammatory cytokines is known to induce apoptosis in cultured articular chondrocytes. C-28/I2, an immortalized human juvenile chondrocyte cell line was employed to determine the extent to which recombinant human (rh) forms of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (rhTNF-α,), interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) and oncostatin M (rhOSM) induced apoptosis. METHODS The induction of apoptosis in the presence or absence of these cytokines was measured by the DAPI/TUNEL assay, by whether or not pro-caspase-3 was activated and by the extent to which poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) was degraded. FINDINGS Only rhTNF-α, and rhIL-6 significantly increased apoptosis in C-28/I2 chondrocytes, although rhOSM exhibited a strong trend (p=0.067) towards increasing the frequency of apoptotic chondrocytes. The number of apoptotic C28/I2 chondrocytes was significantly increased (p=1.3 × 10-5) by the combination of rhTNF-α and U0126 (10 μM) compared to rhTNF-α alone. However apoptosis was not further increased by combining rhIL-6 with U0126. The LI-COR® western blot system showed that U0126 (10 μM) inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 (p-ERK2) by phorbol myristate acetate-treated immortalized myometrial cells, U0126 (10 μM) did not alter total U-ERK2. Western blot analysis also revealed that the increased frequency of apoptotic C-28/I2 chondrocytes induced by rhTNF-α and rhOSM, but not rhIL-6, was associated with PARP degradation. However, none of the cytokines resulted in pro-caspase-3 activation. CONCLUSION These results showed that rhTNF-α and rhIL-6 were strong inducers of apoptosis in the immortalized C-28/I2 human chondrocyte cell line. They also suggested that inhibiting ERK2 phosphorylation via U0126-mediated inhibition of MEK1/2 activity, increased rhTNF-α-induced C-28/I2 chondrocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Malemud
- Arthritis Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases; Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Aaron C Lewis
- Arthritis Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases
| | - Meredith A Wylie
- Arthritis Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases
| | - Evan C Meszaros
- Arthritis Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases
| | | | - Sam Mesiano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 USA
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Thysen S, Luyten FP, Lories RJU. Targets, models and challenges in osteoarthritis research. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:17-30. [PMID: 25561745 PMCID: PMC4283647 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.016881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disorder of the joint and represents one of the most common diseases worldwide. Its prevalence and severity are increasing owing to aging of the population, but treatment options remain largely limited to painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, which only provide symptomatic relief. In the late stages of the disease, surgical interventions are often necessary to partially restore joint function. Although the focus of osteoarthritis research has been originally on the articular cartilage, novel findings are now pointing to osteoarthritis as a disease of the whole joint, in which failure of different joint components can occur. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in the field, including data from novel ‘omics’ technologies and from a number of preclinical and clinical trials. We describe different in vitro and in vivo systems that can be used to study molecules, pathways and cells that are involved in osteoarthritis. We illustrate that a comprehensive and multisystem approach is necessary to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease and to better guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Thysen
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik J U Lories
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Meszaros EC, Dahoud W, Mesiano S, Malemud CJ. Blockade of recombinant human IL-6 by tocilizumab suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-9 production in the C28/I2 immortalized human chondrocyte cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:304-310. [PMID: 26753098 DOI: 10.15761/imm.1000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two immortalized human juvenile chondrocyte cell lines, T/C28a2 and C28/I2, were employed to determine the extent to which recombinant human (rh) IL-6 or rh-TNF-α increased the production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The effect of rhIL-6 on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was also assessed. Although C28/I2 chondrocytes incubated with rhIL-6 (50 ng/ml) increased MMP-9 production which could not be mimicked by the T/C28a2 chondrocyte line, the effect of rhTNF-α on MMP-9 was more robust than with rhIL-6. The combinations of rhIL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor-α (sIL-6Rα) or rhIL-6 and tocilizumab (TCZ), a fully-humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the interaction between IL-6 and IL-6R significantly reduced MMP-9 production by C28/I2 chondrocytes. However, TCZ had no effect on rhTNF-α-induced MMP-9 production. By contrast, rhIL-6 did not increase the production of NGAL by C28/I2 chondrocytes although the number of NGAL-positive cells was significantly reduced by sIL-6R compared to its control group, but not by the combination of rhIL-6 plus TCZ compared to rhIL-6. In summary, these results showed that rhIL-6 stimulated the production of MMP-9, but not NGAL, in the C28/I2 chondrocyte line. TCZ or sIL-6Rα suppressed rhIL-6-induced MMP-9 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Meszaros
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Wissam Dahoud
- Department of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Sam Mesiano
- Department of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Charles J Malemud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA
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Hida D, Danielson BT, Knudson CB, Knudson W. CD44 knock-down in bovine and human chondrocytes results in release of bound HYAL2. Matrix Biol 2015; 48:42-54. [PMID: 25864644 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CD44 shedding occurs in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Previous work of others has suggested that the hyaluronidase isoform HYAL2 has the capacity to bind to CD44, a binding that may itself induce CD44 cleavage. Experiments were developed to elucidate whether chondrocyte HYAL2: (1) was exposed on the extracellular plasma membrane of chondrocytes, (2) bound to CD44, (3) underwent shedding together with CD44 and lastly, (4) exhibited hyaluronidase activity within a near-neutral pH range. Enhancing CD44 shedding by IL-1β resulted in a proportional increase in HYAL2 released from human and bovine chondrocytes into the medium. CD44 knockdown by siRNA also resulted in increased accumulation of HYAL2 in the media of chondrocytes. By hyaluronan zymography only activity at pH3.7 was observed and this activity was reduced by pre-treatment of chondrocytes with trypsin. CD44 and HYAL2 were found to co-immunoprecipitate, and to co-localize within intracellular vesicles and at the plasma membrane. Degradation of hyaluronan was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. With this approach, hyaluronidase activity could be observed at pH4.8 under assay conditions in which CD44 and HYAL2 binding remained intact; additionally, weak hyaluronidase activity could be observed at pH6.8 under these conditions. This study suggests that CD44 and HYAL2 are bound at the surface of chondrocytes. The release of HYAL2 when CD44 is shed could provide a mechanism for weak hyaluronidase activity to occur within the more distant extracellular matrix of cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hida
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, The Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ben T Danielson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, The Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Cheryl B Knudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, The Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Warren Knudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, The Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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Meszaros EC, Malemud CJ. STAT1 is Constitutively Activated in the T/C28a2 Immortalized Juvenile Human Chondrocyte Line and Stimulated by IL-6 Plus Soluble IL-6R. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26213636 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
T/C28a2 immortalized juvenile human chondrocytes were employed to determine the extent to which activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription-1 (STAT1) occurred in response to recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) or rhIL-6 in combination with the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R). Two forms of STAT1, STAT1A and STAT1B, were identified on SDS-PAGE and western blotting with anti-STAT1 antibody. Western blotting revealed that STAT1 was constitutively phosphorylated (p-STAT1). Although incubation of T/C28a2 chondrocytes with rhIL-6 (50 ng/ml) increased p-STAT1A by Δ=22.3% after 30 min, this percent difference failed to reach significance by Chi-square analysis. Similarly, no effect of rhIL-6 (Δ=+10.7%) on p-STAT1B was seen at 30 min. In contrast, although the combination of rhIL-6 plus sIL-6R had no effect on p-STAT1A, rhIL-6 plus sIL-6R increased p-STAT1B by Δ=73.3% (p<0.0001) after 30 min compared to the control group and by Δ=56.7% (p<0.0001) compared to rhIL-6 alone. Janex-1, a Janus kinase-3-specific inhibitor (100 μM) partially reduced the effect of rhIL-6 on p-STAT1B by Δ=27.7% (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that STAT1A/STAT1B was constitutively activated in T/C28a2 chondrocytes. Although rhIL-6 increased p-STAT1B to a small extent, the combination of rhIL-6 plus sIL-6R was far more effective in stimulating STAT1B phosphorylation compared to controls or rhIL-6 alone. These data support the likelihood that although JAK3-mediated activation of STAT1 in T/C28a2 chondrocytes may involve the IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 pathway, these results indicated that STAT1 activation in response to IL-6 preferentially involved IL-6 trans-signaling via sIL-6R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Meszaros
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Arthritis Research Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Charles J Malemud
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Arthritis Research Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA ; Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Beckmann R, Houben A, Tohidnezhad M, Kweider N, Fragoulis A, Wruck CJ, Brandenburg LO, Hermanns-Sachweh B, Goldring MB, Pufe T, Jahr H. Mechanical forces induce changes in VEGF and VEGFR-1/sFlt-1 expression in human chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15456-74. [PMID: 25257525 PMCID: PMC4200847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates angiogenesis and correlates with the progression of osteoarthritis. Mechanical joint loading seems to contribute to this cartilage pathology. Cyclic equibiaxial strains of 1% to 16% for 12 h, respectively, induced expression of VEGF in human chondrocytes dose- and frequency-dependently. Stretch-mediated VEGF induction was more prominent in the human chondrocyte cell line C-28/I2 than in primary articular chondrocytes. Twelve hours of 8% stretch induced VEGF expression to 175% of unstrained controls for at least 24 h post stretching, in promoter reporter and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies. High affinity soluble VEGF-receptor, sVEGFR-1/sFlt-1 was less stretch-inducible than its ligand, VEGF-A, in these cells. ELISA assays demonstrated, for the first time, a stretch-mediated suppression of sVEGFR-1 secretion 24 h after stretching. Overall, strained chondrocytes activate their VEGF expression, but in contrast, strain appears to suppress the secretion of the major VEGF decoy receptor (sVEGFR-1/sFlt-1). The latter may deplete a biologically relevant feedback regulation to inhibit destructive angiogenesis in articular cartilage. Our data suggest that mechanical stretch can induce morphological changes in human chondrocytes in vitro. More importantly, it induces disturbed VEGF signaling, providing a molecular mechanism for a stress-induced increase in angiogenesis in cartilage pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Beckmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Astrid Houben
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nisreen Kweider
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christoph J Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lars O Brandenburg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | - Mary B Goldring
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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