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Taskina EA, Alekseeva LI, Kashevarova NG, Strebkova EA, Mikhaylov KM, Sharapova EP, Savushkina NM, Alekseeva OG, Raskina TA, Averkieva JV, Usova EV, Vinogradova IB, Salnikova OV, Markelova AS, Lila AM. [Relationship between hypercholesterolemia and osteoarthritis (preliminary results)]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2024; 96:471-478. [PMID: 38829808 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2024.05.202702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship of hypercholesterolemia (HCE) with clinical, instrumental, and laboratory parameters in osteoarthritis (OA) in a multicenter, cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 183 patients aged 40-75 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of stage I-III OA (ACR) of the knee joints, who signed an informed consent. The mean age was 55.6±10.7 years (40 to 75), body mass index was 29.3±6.3 kg/m2, and disease duration was 5 [1; 10] years. For each patient, a case record form was filled out, including anthropometric indicators, medical history, clinical examination data, an assessment of knee joint pain according to VAS, WOMAC, KOOS and comorbidities. All patients underwent standard radiography and ultrasound examination of the knee joints and laboratory tests. RESULTS HCE was detected in 59% of patients. Depending on its presence or absence, patients were divided into two groups. Patients were comparable in body mass index, waist and hip measurement, and disease duration but differed significantly in age. Individuals with elevated total cholesterol levels had higher VAS pain scores, total WOMAC and its components, an overall assessment of the patient's health, a worse KOOS index, and ultrasound findings (reduced cartilage tissue). HCE patients showed high levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, STX-II, and COMP (p<0.05). However, after stratification by age, many initial intergroup differences became insignificant, and differences in the WOMAC pain score persisted. CONCLUSION The results of the study confirmed the high prevalence of HCE in OA patients (59%). Patients with OA and increased total cholesterol have more intense pain in the knee joints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A M Lila
- Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology
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Qiu J, Liu J, Tian L, Yu J, Duan Q, Liu Y, Zhao W, Si H, Lu X, Zhang Q. Knockdown of LOX-1 ameliorates bone quality and generation of type H blood vessels in diabetic mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109870. [PMID: 38141905 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) is expressed in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein induces liver sinusoidal dysfunction and defenestration through the LOX-1/ROS/NF-kB pathway, revealing that LOX-1 can mediate liver sinusoidal barrier function, involved in the regulation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we investigated whether, in the context of bone metabolic diseases, LOX-1 could affect bone quality and type H blood vessels in diabetic mice. We used db/db mice as model and found that LOX-1 knockdown can ameliorate bone quality and type H blood vessel generation in db/db mice. This further verifies our hypothesis that LOX-1 is involved in the regulation of bone quality and type H blood vessel homeostasis, thus inhibiting osteoporosis progression in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumei Qiu
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Department of Geriatrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Limin Tian
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Department of Geriatrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qidang Duan
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Department of Geriatrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Department of Geriatrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wenshu Zhao
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Department of Geriatrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Huiling Si
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Department of Geriatrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Department of Geriatrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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Korkmaz FT, Shenoy AT, Symer EM, Baird LA, Odom CV, Arafa EI, Dimbo EL, Na E, Molina-Arocho W, Brudner M, Standiford TJ, Mehta JL, Sawamura T, Jones MR, Mizgerd JP, Traber KE, Quinton LJ. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 attenuates pneumonia-induced lung injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e149955. [PMID: 36264633 PMCID: PMC9746901 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying host factors that contribute to pneumonia incidence and severity are of utmost importance to guiding the development of more effective therapies. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1, encoded by OLR1) is a scavenger receptor known to promote vascular injury and inflammation, but whether and how LOX-1 functions in the lung are unknown. Here, we provide evidence of substantial accumulation of LOX-1 in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and in mice with pneumonia. Unlike previously described injurious contributions of LOX-1, we found that LOX-1 is uniquely protective in the pulmonary airspaces, limiting proteinaceous edema and inflammation. We also identified alveolar macrophages and recruited neutrophils as 2 prominent sites of LOX-1 expression in the lungs, whereby macrophages are capable of further induction during pneumonia and neutrophils exhibit a rapid, but heterogenous, elevation of LOX-1 in the infected lung. Blockade of LOX-1 led to dysregulated immune signaling in alveolar macrophages, marked by alterations in activation markers and a concomitant elevation of inflammatory gene networks. However, bone marrow chimeras also suggested a prominent role for neutrophils in LOX-1-mediated lung protection, further supported by LOX-1+ neutrophils exhibiting transcriptional changes consistent with reparative processes. Taken together, this work establishes LOX-1 as a tissue-protective factor in the lungs during pneumonia, possibly mediated by its influence on immune signaling in alveolar macrophages and LOX-1+ airspace neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz T. Korkmaz
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Brudner
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Theodore J. Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jawahar L. Mehta
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Joseph P. Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center
- Department of Microbiology, and
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lee J. Quinton
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Pulmonary Center
- Department of Medicine and
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Zhao J, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) in rheumatoid arthritis: novel molecular insights and implications. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:108. [PMID: 36476420 PMCID: PMC9730612 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), a member of the Pyrin and HIN domain protein family, is a cytoplasmic receptor that recognizes double-stranded DNA. AIM2 exhibits limited expression under physiological conditions but is widely expressed in many human diseases, including autoimmune diseases, and plays an essential role in the immune response. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that poses a severe threat to physical and mental health, and is caused by several genetic and metabolic factors. Multiple immune cells interact to form a complex inflammatory network that mediates inflammatory responses and bone destruction. Abnormal AIM2 expression in multiple immune cell populations (T cells, B cells, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, monocytes, and macrophages) may regulate multiple functional responses in RA through mechanisms such as pyroptosis, PANoptosis, and regulation of other molecules. In this review, we describe and summarize the functional regulation and impact of AIM2 expression in immune cells to improve our understanding of the complex pathological mechanisms. These insights may provide potential directions for the development of new clinical diagnostic strategies for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Dongyi He
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China ,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Rodríguez-Vargas GS, Santos-Moreno P, Rubio-Rubio JA, Bautista-Niño PK, Echeverri D, Gutiérrez-Castañeda LD, Sierra-Matamoros F, Navarrete S, Aparicio A, Saenz L, Rojas-Villarraga A. Vascular Age, Metabolic Panel, Cardiovascular Risk and Inflammaging in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared With Patients With Osteoarthritis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:894577. [PMID: 35865390 PMCID: PMC9295407 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.894577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is 1.5–2 times higher than the general population. The fundamental risk factor for CVD is age, related to alterations at the arterial level. The aim of the study was to compare vascular age (VA) in RA patients under a strict treat-to-target (T2T) strategy with Osteoarthritis (OA) patients without strict follow up and to assess the influence of inflammaging (chronic, sterile, low-grade inflammation related to aging) and metabolic markers on VA.Materials and MethodsThis was an analytical cross-sectional study. Patients with RA (under a strict a T2T strategy) and OA patients without strict clinical follow-up were included. Patients with a history of uncontrolled hypertension, CVD, and/or current smoking were excluded. Sociodemographic, physical activity, and toxic exposure data were obtained. Waist-hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) were measured. DAS-28 (RA) and inflammatory markers, lipid profile, and glycaemia were analyzed. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured (oscillometric method, Arteriograph-TensioMed®). VA was calculated based on PWV. Eleven components of inflammaging [six interleukins, three metalloproteinases (MMP), and two tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)] were evaluated (Luminex® system). Univariate and bivariate analyzes (Mann Whitney U and chi-square) and correlations (Spearmans Rho) were done to compare the two groups.ResultsA total of 106 patients (74% women) were included, 52/RA and 54/OA. The mean age was 57 (Interquartile range - IQR 9 years). The BMI, waist circumference, and weight were higher in patients with OA (p < 0.001). RA patients had low disease activity (DAS-28-CRP). There were no differences in VA, inflammaging nor in PWV between the two groups. VA had a positive, but weak correlation, with age and LDL. In group of RA, VA was higher in those who did not receive methotrexate (p = 0.013). LDL levels correlated with MMP1, TIMP1, and TIMP2.ConclusionsWhen comparing RA patients with low levels of disease activity with OA patients with poor metabolic control, there are no differences in VA. Furthermore, methotrexate also influences VA in RA patients. This shows that implemented therapies may have an impact on not only the inflammatory state of the joint but also CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel-Santiago Rodríguez-Vargas
- Research Institute, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud-FUCS, Bogotá, Colombia
- Rheumatology, Biomab - Center for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Gabriel-Santiago Rodríguez-Vargas
| | | | | | | | - Darío Echeverri
- Cardiovascular Prevention Program, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luz-Dary Gutiérrez-Castañeda
- Research Institute, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud-FUCS, Bogotá, Colombia
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud-FUCS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Stephania Navarrete
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud-FUCS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Anggie Aparicio
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud-FUCS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Saenz
- Cardiovascular Prevention Program, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
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Wang P, Yin B, Zhang Z, Mao S, Bao W, Lian W, Fan Y, Hong C, Su Y, Jia C. Foamy macrophages potentially inhibit tuberculous wound healing by inhibiting the TLRs/NF-κB signalling pathway. Wound Repair Regen 2022; 30:376-396. [PMID: 35384137 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To characterise the distribution, classification, and quantity of foamy macrophages (FMs) in tuberculous wound tissue and the relationship between FM and delayed healing of tuberculous wounds. Morphological studies were performed to explore the distribution of FM and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in tuberculous wounds, with acute and chronic wounds included for comparison. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate stimulation-differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with Mtb to induce their differentiation into FM with oxidised low-density lipoprotein treatment serving as a control. Relative cytokine levels were determined by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Varied co-culture combinations of Mtb, THP-1, FM, and fibroblasts were performed, and proliferation, migration, ability to contract collagen gel, and protein levels of the chemokines in the supernatants of the fibroblasts were assessed. The differentially expressed genes in human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) after co-culture with or without FM were identified using microarray. Many FM were found in the tissues of tuberculous wounds. The FM that did not engulf Mtb (NM-FM) were mainly distributed in tissues surrounding tuberculous wounds, whereas the FM that engulfed Mtb (M-FM) were dominantly located within granulomatous tissues. Co-culture experiments showed that, with the Mtb co-culture, the portions of NM-FM in the total FM grew over time. The migration, proliferation, chemokine secretion, and the ability of fibroblasts to contract collagen gel were inhibited when co-cultured with Mtb, FM, or a combination of the two. Further investigation showed that the TLRs/NF-κB signalling pathway is involved in fibroblast function under the stimulation of FM. TLRs and NF-κB agonists could reverse the phenotypic changes in HSFs after co-culture with FM. The tuberculous wound microenvironment composed of Mtb and FM may affect wound healing by inhibiting the functions of fibroblasts. FM potentially inhibit fibroblasts' function by inhibiting the TLRs/NF-κB signalling pathway in tuberculous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Yin
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuting Mao
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wu Bao
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenqin Lian
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yueying Fan
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Hong
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital of Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chiyu Jia
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Karpouzas GA, Ormseth SR, Ronda N, Hernandez E, Budoff MJ. Lipoprotein oxidation may underlie the paradoxical association of low cholesterol with coronary atherosclerotic risk in rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 2022; 129:102815. [PMID: 35366608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare coronary plaque burden, proatherogenic cytokines, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), anti-oxLDL antibodies, lipoprotein(a)-cholesterol, and their relationships in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)<1.8 mmol/L versus ≥1.8 mmol/L. Also, to study differences in inflammation and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9), which impacts LDL clearance, in patients with low versus high LDL-C. METHODS Computed tomography angiography evaluated coronary plaque (noncalcified, partially calcified, fully calcified, and high-risk plaque) in 150 patients from a single-center observational cohort. Ox-LDL, anti-oxLDL IgG, lipoprotein(a)-cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and PCSK9 were measured. Analyses adjusted for Framingham general cardiovascular risk score, statin use, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS Patients with LDL-C<1.8 mmol/L versus ≥1.8 mmol/L demonstrated: 1) higher likelihood of per-segment plaque (adjusted-OR = 1.67 [95%CI = 1.10-2.55], p = 0.017) and high-risk plaque presence (adjusted-OR 2.78 [95%CI = 1.06-7.29], p = 0.038); 2) greater anti-oxLDL titers (p = 0.020), which positively associated with TNF-α and likelihood of noncalcified, partially calcified and high-risk plaque presence only in patients with LDL-C<1.8 mmol/L (all p-for-interaction≤0.046); 3) increased lipoprotein(a)-cholesterol content (10.33% [8.11-12.54] versus 6.68% [6.10-7.25], p < 0.001), which positively associated with oxLDL (p < 0.001) and anti-oxLDL (p = 0.036); 4) higher interleukin-6 and PCSK9. No differences in CRP, ESR, or oxLDL were observed. CONCLUSION RA patients with LDL-C<1.8 mmol/L had more coronary plaque, higher anti-oxLDL titers and anti-oxLDL associated with plaque only in this group. It is possible the observed paradoxical association of low LDL-C with greater atherosclerosis may be related to higher production of the oxidation-prone lipoprotein(a)-cholesterol and anti-oxLDL antibodies, resulting in increased vascular LDL uptake and plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Karpouzas
- Division of Rheumatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA, USA.
| | - Sarah R Ormseth
- Division of Rheumatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Division of Rheumatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA, USA
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Periodontal Disease Augments Cardiovascular Disease Risk Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030714. [PMID: 35327515 PMCID: PMC8945365 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Periodontal disease (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are known chronic conditions with sustained inflammation leading to osteolysis. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are frequent comorbidities that may arise from sustained inflammation associated with both PD and RA. In order to determine CVD risk, alterations at the molecular level need to be identified. The objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the relationship of CVD associated biomarkers in RA patients and how it is influenced by PD. Methods: The study consisted of patient (26 RA with PD, 21 RA without PD, 51 patients with PD only) and systemically and periodontally healthy control (n = 20) groups. Periodontal parameters bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and marginal bone loss were determined to characterize the patient groups. Proteomic analysis of 92 CVD-related protein biomarkers was performed using a multiplex proximity extension assay. Biomarkers were clustered using the search tool for retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) to determine protein−protein interaction (PPI) networks. Results: RA patients with PD had higher detection levels for 47% of the measured markers (ANGPT1, BOC, CCL17, CCL3, CD4, CD84, CTRC, FGF-21, FGF-23, GLO1, HAOX1, HB-EGF, hOSCAR, HSP 27, IL16, IL-17D, IL18, IL-27, IL6, LEP, LPL, MERTK, MMP12, MMP7, NEMO, PAPPA, PAR-1, PARP-1, PD-L2, PGF, PIgR, PRELP, RAGE, SCF, SLAMF7, SRC, THBS2, THPO, TNFRSF13B, TRAIL-R2, VEGFD, VSIG2, and XCL1) as compared to RA without PD. Furthermore, a strong biological network was identified amongst these proteins (clustering coefficient = 0.52, PPI enrichment p-value < 0.0001). Coefficients for protein clusters involved in CVD (0.59), metabolic (0.53), and skeletal (0.51) diseases were strongest in the PD group. Conclusion: Periodontal disease augments CVD-related biomarkers in RA through shared pathological clusters, concurrently enhancing metabolic and skeletal disease protein interactions, independent of autoimmune status.
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Muneshige K, Uchida K, Kenmoku T, Tazawa R, Nakawaki M, Ishii D, Inoue G, Takaso M. Elevation of MMP1 and ADAMTS5 mRNA expression in glenohumeral synovia of patients with hypercholesterolemia. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:97. [PMID: 35168639 PMCID: PMC8848821 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-02998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between hypercholesterolemia and shoulder disease. Previous studies have focused on the effect of hypercholesterolemia on tendinopathy. Moreover, hypercholesterolemia has also been linked to joint pathology in the knee and hand. However, the effect of hyperlipidemia on glenohumeral joint remain unclear. A hypercholesterolemic condition has been reported to alter levels of A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTSs) and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in synovium of the knee joint. Here, we evaluated the mRNA expression of ADAMTSs and MMPs in the glenohumeral synovium of patients with and without hypercholesterolemia. Methods Study participants were 73 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for degenerative rotator cuff tears. They were divided into two groups according to total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride levels. Synovial membrane samples were harvested at the rotator interval during surgery, and mRNA expression levels of the aggrecanases ADAM-TS4 and ADAM-TS5 and MMPs (MMP-1, 3, 9, and 13) were analyzed quantitatively. Results ADAM-TS5 and MMP1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the high TC group than in the low TC group (P = 0.023 and P = 0.025, respectively). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in ADAMTS4 or MMPs 3, 9, and 13 (ADAMTS4, P = 0.547; MMP3, P = 0.55; MMP9, P = 0.521; and MMP13, P = 0.785). Conclusion Hypercholesterolemia may alter MMP1 and ADAMTS5 expression in the synovium of the glenohumeral joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Muneshige
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.,Shonan University of Medical Sciences Research Institute, Nishikubo 500, Chigasaki City, Kanagawa, 253-0083, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kenmoku
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Ryo Tazawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Mitsufumi Nakawaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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10
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Impact of oxidized LDL/LOX-1 system on ligamentum flavum hypertrophy. J Orthop Sci 2022; 28:669-676. [PMID: 35123844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) often have peripheral arterial disease and aortic disease based on atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL, which is clinically involved in the development of atherosclerosis, may also influence LF hypertrophy, but the function of the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) system in LF hypertrophy is unknown. We aimed to elucidate the potential involvement of oxidized LDL/LOX-1 system in ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy. METHODS A total of 43 samples were collected from LF tissues of the patients who underwent posterior lumbar spinal surgery. Immunohistochemistry for LOX-1 was performed using human LF samples. We treated the cells in vitro with inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, oxidized LDL, and simvastatin. The expressions of LOX-1 and LF hypertrophy markers including type I collagen, Type III collagen, and COX-2 were assessed by real-time RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κb was evaluated by Western blot after treatment with TNF-α, IL-1β, oxidized LDL, and simvastatin. RESULTS A significant weak correlation was observed between the number of positive cells of LOX-1 and cross-sectional area of LF on preoperative axial magnetic resonance imaging. In functional analysis, simvastatin treatment neutralized the oxidized LDL-mediated induction of mRNA expressions of LF hypertrophy markers. Western blot analysis showed that oxidized LDL as well as TNF-α and IL-1β activated the signaling of MAPKs and NF-κb in LF cells, and that simvastatin treatment reduced the phosphorylation of all signaling. The TNF-α and IL-1β treatments increased both mRNA and protein expression of LOX-1 in LF cells. CONCLUSION We found a link between the oxidized LDL/LOX-1 system and LF hypertrophy. In addition, our in vitro analysis indicate that oxidized LDL may affect LF hypertrophy through signaling of MAPKs. Our results suggest that the oxidized LDL/LOX-1 system may be a potential therapeutic target for LSS.
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11
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Pentosan polysulfate sodium prevents functional decline in chikungunya infected mice by modulating growth factor signalling and lymphocyte activation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255125. [PMID: 34492036 PMCID: PMC8423248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus that causes large outbreaks world-wide leaving millions of people with severe and debilitating arthritis. Interestingly, clinical presentation of CHIKV arthritides have many overlapping features with rheumatoid arthritis including cellular and cytokine pathways that lead to disease development and progression. Currently, there are no specific treatments or vaccines available to treat CHIKV infections therefore advocating the need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat CHIKV rheumatic disease. Herein, we provide an in-depth analysis of an efficacious new treatment for CHIKV arthritis with a semi-synthetic sulphated polysaccharide, Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium (PPS). Mice treated with PPS showed significant functional improvement as measured by grip strength and a reduction in hind limb foot swelling. Histological analysis of the affected joint showed local inflammation was reduced as seen by a decreased number of infiltrating immune cells. Additionally, joint cartilage was protected as demonstrated by increased proteoglycan staining. Using a multiplex-immunoassay system, we also showed that at peak disease, PPS treatment led to a systemic reduction of the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL7 (MCP-3) and CCL12 (MCP-5) which may be associated with the reduction in cellular infiltrates. Further characterisation of the local effect of PPS in its action to reduce joint and muscle inflammation was performed using NanoString™ technology. Results showed that PPS altered the local expression of key functional genes characterised for their involvement in growth factor signalling and lymphocyte activation. Overall, this study shows that PPS is a promising treatment for alphaviral arthritis by reducing inflammation and protecting joint integrity.
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Akhmedov A, Sawamura T, Chen CH, Kraler S, Vdovenko D, Lüscher TF. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1): a crucial driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1797-1807. [PMID: 36282110 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), specifically lipid-driven atherosclerotic CVDs, remain the number one cause of death worldwide. The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1), a scavenger receptor that promotes endothelial dysfunction by inducing pro-atherogenic signalling and plaque formation via the endothelial uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and electronegative LDL, contributes to the initiation, progression, and destabilization of atheromatous plaques, eventually leading to the development of myocardial infarction and certain forms of stroke. In addition to its expression in endothelial cells, LOX-1 is expressed in macrophages, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, further implicating this receptor in multiple aspects of atherosclerotic plaque formation. LOX-1 holds promise as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for certain CVDs; therefore, understanding the molecular structure and function of LOX-1 is of critical importance. In this review, we highlight the latest scientific findings related to LOX-1, its ligands, and their roles in the broad spectrum of CVDs. We describe recent findings from basic research, delineate their translational value, and discuss the potential of LOX-1 as a novel target for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistreet 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Shinshu University 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medical Research, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistreet 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Daria Vdovenko
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistreet 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistreet 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehause Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
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Hashimoto K, Akagi M. The role of oxidation of low-density lipids in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: A narrative review. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520931609. [PMID: 32552129 PMCID: PMC7303502 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520931609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disorder that causes degeneration of
cartilage, synovial inflammation, and formation of osteophytes. Aging, obesity,
and sex are considered the main risk factors of OA. Recent studies have
suggested that metabolic syndrome (MetS) disorders, such as hypertension,
hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, may be involved in the
pathogenesis and progression of OA. MetS disorders are common diseases that also
result in atherosclerosis. Researchers believe that OA and atherosclerosis have
underlying similar molecular mechanisms because the prevalence of both diseases
increases with age. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is believed to
play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recent reports have shown
that ox-LDL and low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) are involved in the
pathogenesis of OA. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the
current understanding of the role of the LOX-1/ox-LDL system in the pathogenesis
of OA and to reveal common underlying molecular pathways that are shared by MetS
in OA and the LOX-1/ox-LDL system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Akagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Ahn SS, Park YB, Lee SW. Serological Biomarkers and Indices for the Current Activity and Prognosis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Experience in a Single Centre in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:279-287. [PMID: 33779081 PMCID: PMC8007433 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.4.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Small vessel vasculitis is composed of two types of vasculitis based on immune-complex deposits, immune-complex vasculitis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) according to the 2012 Chapel Hill Consensus Conferences Nomenclature of Vasculitis. In general, the current disease-states are assessed in three ways in real clinical practice such as activity, damage and functional status. Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS, version 3) and five-factor score were calculated for assessing the cross-sectional activity and for predicting the prognosis of AAV, respectively. Since BVAS includes a wide spectrum of nine systemic items with differently weighted scores based on new-onset/worsening or persistent each symptom, it has been considered as the most reliable tool to assess AAV activity to date. However, since BVAS represents both cross-sectional and chronic clinical features, it has a limitation in flexibly reflecting the cross-sectional activity or severity of AAV. In addition, the heterogeneous items of BVAS are difficult to reflect the close correlation between BVAS and AAV pathogenesis. It is practically difficult to discover new biomarkers or indices that exceed the reliability of AAV-specific indices or acute-phase reactants established by long clinical experience. However, efforts to discover and develop new biomarkers or indices are expected to complement the clinical unmet need of existing AAV-specific indices and acute-phase reactants. In this review, we reviewed the serological biomarkers and indices that have been reported to date and introduced studies that investigated serological biomarkers and indices in Korean patients with AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Ke LY, Law SH, Mishra VK, Parveen F, Chan HC, Lu YH, Chu CS. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Electronegative Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120550. [PMID: 33260304 PMCID: PMC7760527 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism increases plasma levels of lipoproteins and triglycerides, resulting in vascular endothelial damage. Remarkably, the oxidation of lipid and lipoprotein particles generates electronegative lipoproteins that mediate cellular deterioration of atherosclerosis. In this review, we examined the core of atherosclerotic plaque, which is enriched by byproducts of lipid metabolism and lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and electronegative subfraction of LDL (LDL(−)). We also summarized the chemical properties, receptors, and molecular mechanisms of LDL(−). In combination with other well-known markers of inflammation, namely metabolic diseases, we concluded that LDL(−) can be used as a novel prognostic tool for these lipid disorders. In addition, through understanding the underlying pathophysiological molecular routes for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, we may reassess current therapeutics and might gain a new direction to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, mainly targeting LDL(−) clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine and Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Shi Hui Law
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Vineet Kumar Mishra
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Hua-Chen Chan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Ye-Hsu Lu
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of International Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of International Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-73121101 (ext. 2297); Fax: +886-73111996
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Li Y, Rao Y, Zhu H, Jiang B, Zhu M. USP16 Regulates the Stability and Function of LDL receptor by Deubiquitination. Int Heart J 2020; 61:1034-1040. [PMID: 32999190 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are known to be atherogenic agents in coronary artery diseases. They adjust to other electronegative forms and can be the subject for the enhancement of inflammatory events in vessel subendothelial spaces. The LDL uptake is related to the membrane scavenger receptors, including LDL receptor (LDLR). The LDLR expression is closely associated with LDL uptake and occurrence of diseases, such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Our findings identified USP16 as a novel regulator of LDLR due to its ability to prevent ubiquitylation-dependent LDLR degradation, further promoting the uptake of LDL. The enhancement of USP16-mediated deubiquitination andthe suppressive degradation of the LDLR cause the presentation of a potential strategy to increase LDL cholesterol clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen
| | - Yanbiao Rao
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen
| | - Bingyuan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen
| | - Maoshu Zhu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen
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Yoon T, Ahn SS, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Soluble Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1 Is Inversely Correlated with the Activity of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:720-725. [PMID: 32734736 PMCID: PMC7393288 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.8.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor 1 (LOX1) binds to oxidized LDL, which is associated with inflammation in various vascular disorders. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential of soluble LOX1 (sLOX1) as an indicator of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) activity. Serum levels of sLOX1 in frozen samples from patients with AAV enrolled in a prospective observational cohort study at the Severance Hospital were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical and laboratory data were collected on the date when the blood sampling was performed. The association between sLOX1 and clinical and laboratory data was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis. The median age of the recruited 79 patients was 62.0 years, and 27 (34.2%) patients were men. The median Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS), five-factor score, vasculitis damage index, and sLOX1 level were 6, 1, 3, and 911.9 pg/mL, respectively. Correlation analysis based on BVAS revealed that sLOX1 and total cholesterol were significantly inversely correlated with BVAS (r=-0.224, p=0.047 and r=-0.424, p<0.001, respectively). No significant correlations were observed between continuous variables and sLOX1 except for BVAS, although total cholesterol tended to correlate with sLOX1 (r=0.190, p=0.093). Additionally, sLOX1 was not influenced by sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or the presence of pulmonary, cardiovascular, and renal involvement of AAV. In summary, sLOX1 was inversely correlated with BVAS in AAV patients, which is different from other vascular diseases or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejun Yoon
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Takayasu Arteritis with Dyslipidemia Increases Risk of Aneurysm. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14083. [PMID: 31575993 PMCID: PMC6773689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been associated with the occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysm. However, whether LDL-C elevation associated with aneurysms in large vessel vasculitis is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and laboratory features of Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and explore the risk factors that associated with aneurysm in these patients. This retrospective study compared the clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, and imaging results of 103 TAK patients with or without aneurysms and analyzed the risk factors of aneurysm formation. 20.4% of TAK patients were found to have aneurysms. The LDL-C levels was higher in the aneurysm group than in the non-aneurysm group (2.9 ± 0.9 mmol/l vs. 2.4 ± 0.9 mmol/l, p = 0.032). Elevated serum LDL-C levels increased the risk of aneurysm by 5.8-fold (p = 0.021, odds ratio [OR] = 5.767, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.302-25.543), and the cutoff value of level of serum LDL-C was 3.08 mmol/l. The risk of aneurysm was 4.2-fold higher in patients with disease duration >5 years (p = 0.042, OR = 4.237, 95% CI: 1.055-17.023), and 2.9-fold higher when an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate was present (p = 0.077, OR = 2.851, 95% CI: 0.891-9.115). In this study, elevated LDL-C levels increased the risk of developing aneurysms in patients with TAK.
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Soluble Lectin-like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1 Predicts the Changes of Rheumatoid Factor Titers in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol 2019; 26:295-300. [PMID: 31397763 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the clinical significance of soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (sLOX-1) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS We gathered demographic and clinical data for a large rheumatoid arthritis cohort at 3 time points. Blood samples were collected at each time point; the number of samples was 282 cases in 2012, 431 cases in 2013, and 500 cases in 2014. Plasma sLOX-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlations between sLOX-1 and clinical data were analyzed. Predictive factors associated with changes in sLOX-1 and rheumatoid factor (RF) were analyzed by multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Plasma sLOX-1 level was significantly correlated with RF titer and other clinical parameters. The longitudinal analyses showed that changes in sLOX-1 were significantly correlated with changes in RF titers and with those at baseline. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that changes in RF and baseline RF were predictive factors for changes in sLOX-1. Conversely, the changes in RF were significantly correlated with the changes in sLOX-1 in all years. A stepwise regression analysis showed that the change in sLOX-1 was a predictive factor for the change in RF. CONCLUSIONS The change in sLOX-1 has predictive value for assessing the change in RF, indicating the usefulness of sLOX-1 in clinical practice.
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Zhang Y, Hao Z, Wang P, Xia Y, Wu J, Xia D, Fang S, Xu S. Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance fracture healing through HIF-1α-mediated promotion of angiogenesis in a rat model of stabilized fracture. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12570. [PMID: 30663158 PMCID: PMC6496165 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exosomes, as important players in intercellular communication due to their ability to transfer certain molecules to target cells, are believed to take similar effects in promoting bone regeneration with their derived stem cells. Studies have suggested that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) could promote angiogenesis. This study investigated whether exosomes derived from uMSCs (uMSC-Exos) could enhance fracture healing as primary factors by promoting angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS uMSCs were obtained to isolate uMSC-Exos by ultrafiltration, with exosomes from human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) being used as control groups. NanoSight, laser light scattering spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting were used to identify exosomes. Next, uMSC-Exos combined with hydrogel were transplanted into the fracture site in a rat model of femoral fracture. Bone healing processes were monitored and evaluated by radiographic methods on days 7, 14, 21 and 31 after surgery; angiogenesis of the fracture sites was assessed by radiographic and histological strategies on post-operative day 14. In vitro, the expression levels of osteogenesis- or angiogenesis-related genes after being cultured with uMSC-Exos were identified by qRT-PCR. The internalization ability of exosomes was determined using the PKH67 assay. Cell cycle analysis, EdU incorporation and immunofluorescence staining, scratch wound assay and tube formation analysis were also used to determine the altered abilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) administered with uMSC-Exos in proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Finally, to further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, specific RNA inhibitors or siRNAs were used, and the subsequent effects were observed. RESULTS uMSC-Exos had a diameter of approximately 100 nm, were spherical, meanwhile expressing CD9, CD63 and CD81. Transplantation of uMSC-Exos markedly enhanced angiogenesis and bone healing processes in a rat model of femoral fracture. In vitro, other than enhancing osteogenic differentiation, uMSC-Exos increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). uMSC-Exos were taken up by HUVECs and enhanced their proliferation, migration and tube formation. Finally, by using specific RNA inhibitors or siRNAs, it has been confirmed that HIF-1α played an important role in the uMSC-Exos-induced VEGF expression, pro-angiogenesis and enhanced fracture repair, which may be one of the underlying mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed a novel role of exosomes in uMSC-mediated therapy and suggested that implanted uMSC-Exos may represent a crucial clinical strategy to accelerate fracture healing via the promotion of angiogenesis. HIF-1α played an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Zhang
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zichen Hao
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Panfeng Wang
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianghong Wu
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuo Fang
- Department of Plastic and ReconstructionShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Association between Negatively Charged Low-Density Lipoprotein L5 and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020177. [PMID: 30717448 PMCID: PMC6406888 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
L5, the most negatively charged subfraction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), is implicated in atherogenesis. We examined the relationship between plasma L5 levels and the occurrence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using anion-exchange purification with fast-protein liquid chromatography, we determined the proportion of plasma L5 of LDL (L5%) in 64 RA patients and 12 healthy controls (HC). Plasma L5% and L5 levels were significantly higher in RA patients (median, 1.4% and 1.92 mg/dL) compared with HC (0.9%, p < 0.005; and 1.27 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and further increased in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis (2.0% and 2.88 mg/dL). L5% and L5 levels decreased in patients after 6-months of therapy (p < 0.01). Subclinical atherosclerosis was indicated by plaque and intima-media thickness determined by carotid ultrasonography. Using multivariate analysis, L5% and L5 levels are revealed as the predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis (odds ratio, 4.94 and 1.01; both p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that cut-off values of L5% ≥ 1.45% and L5 levels ≥ 2.58 mg/dL could predict subclinical atherosclerosis in patients (both p < 0.001). Immunoblotting showed that the expression levels of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) was increased in RA patients. Together, our findings suggest that plasma L5% and L5 levels may be predictors of cardiovascular risk in RA patients.
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Hashimoto K, Oda Y, Nakagawa K, Ikeda T, Ohtani K, Akagi M. LOX-1 deficient mice show resistance to zymosan-induced arthritis. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62:2847. [PMID: 29569871 PMCID: PMC5806501 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1)/ox-LDL system may be involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis. We aimed to demonstrate the roles of the LOX- 1/ox-LDL system in arthritis development by using LOX-1 knockout (KO) mice. Arthritis was induced in the right knees of C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) and LOX-1 KO mice via zymosan injection. Saline was injected in the left knees. Arthritis development was evaluated using inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, and cartilage degeneration scores at 1, 3, and 7 days after administration. LOX-1, ox-LDL, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) expression in the synovial cells and chondrocytes was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The LOX-1, ox-LDL, and MMP-3 expression levels in synovial cells were scored on a grading scale. The positive cell rate of LOX-1, ox-LDL, and MMP-3 in chondrocytes was measured. The correlation between the positive cell rate of LOX-1 or ox-LDL and the cartilage degeneration score was also examined. Inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, and cartilage degeneration were significantly reduced in the LOX-1 KOmice with zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA) compared to WT mice with ZIA. In the saline-injected knees, no apparent arthritic changes were observed. LOX-1 and ox-LDL expression in synovial cells and chondrocytes were detected in the knees of WT mice with ZIA. No LOX-1 and ox-LDL expression was detected in the knees of LOX-1 KO mice with ZIA or the salineinjected knees of both mice. MMP-3 expression in the synovial cells and chondrocytes was also detected in knees of both mice with ZIA, and was significantly less in the LOX-1 KO mice than in WT mice. The positive cell rate of LOX-1 or ox-LDL and the cartilage degeneration score showed a positive correlation. Our data show the involvement of the LOX-1/ox-LDL system in murine ZIA development. LOX-1-positive synovial cells and chondrocytes are potential therapeutic targets for arthritis prevention.
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23
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Possible involvement of the oxLDL/LOX-1 system in the pathogenesis and progression of human intervertebral disc degeneration or herniation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7403. [PMID: 28785062 PMCID: PMC5547039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have concluded that hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis were related to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and the expression of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) have not been explored in this tissue. In this study, we investigated the presence of ox-LDL and the expression of its receptor LOX-1 in non-degenerated, degenerated or herniated human intervertebral discs (IVDs). The expression of LOX-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) were studied after incubating nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) with ox-LDL. The presence of ox-LDL and LOX-1 was positively related with the extent of IVDD in nucleus pulposus (NP), end-plate cartilage and outer annulus fibrous, but not with the extent of degeneration of inter annulus fibrous. Ox-LDL significantly reduced the viability of human NPCs in a dose and time-dependent manner, and increased the expression of MMP3 induced by LOX-1. Pretreatment with anti-human LOX-1 monoclonal antibody reversed these effects. Ox-LDL, principally mediated by LOX-1, enhanced MMP3 production in NPCs through the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, increased accumulation of ox-LDL and LOX-1 in IVDs indicates a specific role of the receptor-ligand interaction in degeneration or herniation of IVDs.
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Kleine SA, Budsberg SC. Synovial membrane receptors as therapeutic targets: A review of receptor localization, structure, and function. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1589-1605. [PMID: 28374922 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Joint pathology and degeneration is a significant cause of pain. The synovial membrane plays an important role in maintenance of the joint, contributes to the pathology of many arthropathies and may be adversely affected in joint disease. Improving knowledge of the receptors present within the synovium will aid in a better understanding of joint pathology and the development of new treatments for diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Knowledge of the location and function of synovial membrane receptors (both in healthy and diseased synovium) may provide important targets in the treatment of various arthropathies. Classic pain receptors such as opioid receptors in the synovium are a mainstay in local and systemic management of chronic pain in many species. In addition to these, many other receptors such as bradykinin, neurokinin, transient receptor potential vanilloid, and inflammatory receptors, such as prostanoid and interleukin receptors have been discovered within the synovial membrane. These receptors are important in pain, inflammation, and in maintenance of normal joint function and may serve as targets for pharmacologic intervention in pathologic states. The goal of this review is to outline synovial membrane receptor localization and local therapeutic modulation of these receptors, in order to stimulate further research into pharmacological management of arthropathies at the local level. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1589-1605, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Kleine
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens 30602, Georgia
| | - Steven C Budsberg
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens 30602, Georgia
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25
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Li C, Zhang J, Wu H, Li L, Yang C, Song S, Peng P, Shao M, Zhang M, Zhao J, Zhao R, Wu W, Ruan Y, Wang L, Gu J. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 facilitates metastasis of gastric cancer through driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45275. [PMID: 28345638 PMCID: PMC5366889 DOI: 10.1038/srep45275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a pattern recognition receptor that plays a critical role in vascular diseases and host immune response. Recently, our research discovered that LOX-1 could facilitate the uptake of dying cells and cross-presentation of cellular antigen via binding with heat shock proteins, which have a close relationship with gastric neoplasia. Therefore, we speculated that LOX-1 may serve as an oncogene in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression. In this study, through immunohistochemistry staining assay and cancer-related databases, we found that LOX-1 expression was up-regulated in GC tissues and correlated with a poor prognosis in GC patients. The expression of LOX-1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS in GC patients, and the incorporation of LOX-1 with TNM stage is more accurate for predicting prognosis. Additionally, in vitro study by transwell assay and western blot analysis confirmed that LOX-1 could promote the migration and invasion of GC cells by driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β activation. Taken together, we first explored the expression profiles, clinical significance and biological function of LOX-1 in GC, and these data suggest that LOX-1 may represent a promising prognostic biomarker for GC and offer a novel molecular target for GC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Caiting Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Shushu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Peike Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
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26
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Belluzzi E, El Hadi H, Granzotto M, Rossato M, Ramonda R, Macchi V, De Caro R, Vettor R, Favero M. Systemic and Local Adipose Tissue in Knee Osteoarthritis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1971-1978. [PMID: 27925193 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common chronic joint disorder affecting older people. The knee is the major joint affected. The symptoms of osteoarthritis include limited range of motion, joint swelling, and pain causing disability. There are no disease modifying drugs available, and treatments are mainly focused on pain management. Total knee replacement performed at the end stage of the disease is considered the only cure available. It has been found that obese people have an increased risk to develop not only knee but also hand osteoarthritis. This supports the concept that adipose tissue might be related to osteoarthritis not only through overloading. As matter of fact, obesity induces a low grade systemic inflammatory state characterized by the production and secretion of several adipocytokines that may have a role in osteoarthritis development. Furthermore, hypertension, impaired glucose, and lipid metabolism, which are comorbidities associated with obesity, have been shown to alter the joint tissue homeostasis. Moreover, infrapatellar fat pad in the knee has been demonstrated to be a local source of adipocytokines and potentially contribute to osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the role of systemic and local adipose tissue in knee osteoarthritis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1971-1978, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Belluzzi
- Rheumatology Unit; Department of Medicine (DIMED); University Hospital of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Hamza El Hadi
- Clinica Medica 3; Department of Medicine (DIMED); University Hospital of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Marnie Granzotto
- Clinica Medica 3; Department of Medicine (DIMED); University Hospital of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Marco Rossato
- Clinica Medica 3; Department of Medicine (DIMED); University Hospital of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit; Department of Medicine (DIMED); University Hospital of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Institute of Human Anatomy; Department of Neuroscience; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Institute of Human Anatomy; Department of Neuroscience; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Clinica Medica 3; Department of Medicine (DIMED); University Hospital of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit; Department of Medicine (DIMED); University Hospital of Padova; Padova Italy
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration; Rizzoli Orthopedic Research Institute; Bologna Italy
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27
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Hashimoto K, Oda Y, Nakamura F, Kakinoki R, Akagi M. Lectin-like, oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1-deficient mice show resistance to age-related knee osteoarthritis. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2762. [PMID: 28348422 PMCID: PMC5327749 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The lectin-like, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1)/ox-LDL system contributes to atherosclerosis and may be involved in cartilage degeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the LOX-1/ox-LDL system contributes to age-related osteoarthritis (OA) in vivo, using LOX-1 knockout (LOX-1 KO) mice. Knee cartilage from 6, 12, and 18-month old (n = 10/group) C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) and LOX-1 KO mice was evaluated by determining the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score of Safranin-O stained samples. The prevalence of knee OA in both mouse strains was also investigated. Expression levels of LOX-1, ox-LDL, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), type-X collagen (COL X), and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in the articular chondrocytes were analyzed immunohistologically. No significant difference was observed in the mean scores of WT (2.00±0.61) and LOX-1 KO mice (2.00±0.49) at 6 months of age (P=1.00, n=10). At 12 and 18 months of age, the mean scores of LOX-1 KO mice (3.75±0.93 and 5.50±0.78) were significantly lower than those of WT mice (5.25±1.14 and 9.00±1.01; P<0.001 in both cases; n=10). The prevalence of OA in LOX-1 KO mice was lower than that in WT mice at 12 and 18 months of age (40 vs 70%, 70 vs 90%, respectively; n=10). The expression levels of Runx2, COL X, and MMP-13 in articular chondrocytes significantly decreased in LOX-1 KO, mice compared with those in WT mice. The study indicated that the LOX-1/ox-LDL system in chondrocytes plays a role in the pathogenesis of age-related knee OA, which is potentially a target for preventing OA progression.
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28
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de Munter W, Geven EJW, Blom AB, Walgreen B, Helsen MMA, Joosten LAB, Roth J, Vogl T, van de Loo FAJ, Koenders MI, van den Berg WB, van der Kraan PM, van Lent PLEM. Synovial macrophages promote TGF-β signaling and protect against influx of S100A8/S100A9-producing cells after intra-articular injections of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:118-127. [PMID: 27514996 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in inflamed synovium is oxidized and taken-up by synoviocytes. In this study, we investigate whether direct injection of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) into a normal murine knee joint induces joint pathology and whether synovial macrophages are involved in that process. DESIGN Synovium was obtained from end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) patients in order to analyze LDL-uptake. Murine knee joints were injected five consecutive days with oxLDL, LDL, or vehicle (phosphate buffered saline (PBS)). This procedure was repeated in mice depleted of synovial macrophages by intra-articular injection of clodronate liposomes 7 days prior to the consecutive injections. Joint pathology was investigated by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry (FCM) and synovial RNA expression and protein production. RESULTS Synovial tissue of OA patients showed extensive accumulation of apolipoprotein B. Multiple injections of oxLDL in murine knee joints significantly increased TGF-β activity in synovial wash-outs, but did not induce catabolic or inflammatory processes. In contrast, repeated injections of oxLDL in macrophage-depleted knee joints led to increased synovial thickening in combination with significantly upregulated protein and RNA levels of CCL2 and CCL3. FCM-analyses revealed increased presence of monocytes and neutrophils in the synovium, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Also protein levels of S100A8/A9 were significantly increased in synovial wash-outs of oxLDL-injected joints, as was expression of aggrecanase-induced neo-epitopes. Interestingly, no raise in TGF-β concentrations was measured in macrophage-depleted joints. CONCLUSIONS OxLDL can affect joint pathology, since synovial macrophages promote anabolic processes after oxLDL injections. In absence of synovial macrophages, however, oxLDL induces production of pro-inflammatory mediators and aggrecanase activity combined with increased influx of monocytes and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- W de Munter
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - E J W Geven
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - B Walgreen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - M M A Helsen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - L A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - J Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - T Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - F A J van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - M I Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - W B van den Berg
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - P M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - P L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Spinelli FR, Pecani A, Conti F, Mancini R, Alessandri C, Valesini G. Post-translational modifications in rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis: Focus on citrullination and carbamylation. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:81-84. [PMID: 27683146 PMCID: PMC5536531 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515593258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is the main cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a disease known to be associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. The role of inflammation and immunity in atherosclerotic process offers possible explanations for the increased cardiovascular risk in patients with RA. The immune response to citrullinated peptides has been extensively studied in RA; antibodies directed to citrullinated peptides are now a cornerstone for RA diagnosis. However, few studies have investigated the response to citrullinated peptides and the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Antibodies to carbamylated proteins can be detected before the clinical onset of RA, suggesting a potential predictive role for these antibodies; on the other hand, carbamylation of lipoproteins has been described in patients with cardiovascular disease. This review examines the role of citrullination and carbamylation, two post-translational protein modifications that appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of both RA and atherosclerosis, expanding the similarities between these two diseases. Further investigation on the role of the immune response to modified proteins may contribute to a better comprehension of cardiovascular disease in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arbi Pecani
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mancini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Alessandri
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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30
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Ishikawa M, Ito H, Furu M, Hashimoto M, Fujii T, Okahata A, Mimori T, Matsuda S. Plasma sLOX-1 is a potent biomarker of clinical remission and disease activity in patients with seropositive RA. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 26:696-701. [DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2015.1128871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, and
| | | | - Moritoshi Furu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, and
| | | | - Takao Fujii
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, and
| | | | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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31
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Hashimoto K, Mori S, Oda Y, Nakano A, Sawamura T, Akagi M. Lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1-deficient mice show resistance to instability-induced osteoarthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2016; 45:412-22. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1135979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Nakano
- Department of Bioscience, National Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Sawamura
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - M Akagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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32
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Caglar IM, Ozde C, Biyik I, Caglar FNT, Akturk IF, Ugurlucan M, Karakaya O. Association between soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 levels and coronary slow flow phenomenon. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:31-7. [PMID: 26925116 PMCID: PMC4754361 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.51412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) has been associated with myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, life-threatening arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death and increased cardiovascular mortality similar to coronary artery disease (CAD). Possible underlying mechanisms of CSFP are endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, microvascular dysfunction and diffuse atherosclerosis. Soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that sLOX-1 might be associated with CSFP, and aimed to research the relationship between sLOX-1 and CSFP. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty patients with angiographically proven CSFP and 43 patients with a normal coronary flow pattern (NCFP) were included in this study. Coronary blood flow was measured according to the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count method. sLOX-1 levels were measured in all study subjects. RESULTS Serum levels of sLOX-1 were significantly higher in the CSFP group than the NCFP group (1061.80 ±422.20 ng/ml vs. 500.043 ±282.97 ng/ml, p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis including sLOX-1, MPV, GGT and uric acid levels revealed a significant association between sLOX-1 levels and CSFP (Exp (B)/OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.002-1.010, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that serum sLOX-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with CSFP and there was a strong association between high sLOX-1 levels and CSFP. High serum sLOX-1 levels may have an important role in the pathogenesis of CSFP. Future studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Murat Caglar
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Ozde
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Biyik
- Department of Cardiology, Usak State Hospital, Usak, Turkey
| | | | - Ibrahim Faruk Akturk
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Ugurlucan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Karakaya
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gioia M, Vindigni G, Testa B, Raniolo S, Fasciglione GF, Coletta M, Biocca S. Membrane Cholesterol Modulates LOX-1 Shedding in Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141270. [PMID: 26495844 PMCID: PMC4619672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a scavenger receptor responsible for ox-LDL recognition, binding and internalization, which is up-regulated during atherogenesis. Its activation triggers endothelium dysfunction and induces inflammation. A soluble form of LOX-1 has been identified in the human blood and its presence considered a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. We recently showed that cholesterol-lowering drugs inhibit ox-LDL binding and internalization, rescuing the ox-LDL induced apoptotic phenotype in primary endothelial cells. Here we have investigated the molecular bases of human LOX-1 shedding by metalloproteinases and the role of cell membrane cholesterol on the regulation of this event by modulating its level with MβCD and statins. We report that membrane cholesterol affects the release of different forms of LOX-1 in cells transiently and stably expressing human LOX-1 and in a human endothelial cell line (EA.hy926). In particular, our data show that i) cholesterol depletion triggers the release of LOX-1 in exosomes as a full-length transmembrane isoform and as a truncated ectodomain soluble fragment (sLOX-1); ii) endothelial cells secrete a soluble metalloproteinase which induces LOX-1 ectodomain shedding and iii) long term statins treatment enhances sLOX-1 proteolytic shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Gioia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Vindigni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Testa
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Raniolo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Fasciglione
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Biocca
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Clinical and Preclinical Use of LOX-1-Specific Antibodies in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:458-65. [PMID: 26385009 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (SR-E1, LOX-1, OLR1) was first discovered as a vascular receptor for modified lipoprotein particles nearly 20 years ago. Since then, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated an association between LOX-1, a soluble form (sLOX-1) and a number of diseases including atherosclerosis, arthritis, hypertension and pre-eclampsia. However, converting such discoveries into tools and drugs for routine clinical use is dependent on translational preclinical and clinical studies but such studies have only begun to emerge in the past decade. In this review, we identify the key clinical applications and corresponding criteria that need to be addressed for the effective use of LOX-1-related probes and molecules for patient benefit in different disease states.
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de Munter W, van der Kraan PM, van den Berg WB, van Lent PLEM. High systemic levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: fuel to the flames in inflammatory osteoarthritis? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 55:16-24. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Dolcino M, Ottria A, Barbieri A, Patuzzo G, Tinazzi E, Argentino G, Beri R, Lunardi C, Puccetti A. Gene Expression Profiling in Peripheral Blood Cells and Synovial Membranes of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128262. [PMID: 26086874 PMCID: PMC4473102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthritis whose pathogenesis is poorly understood; it is characterized by bone erosions and new bone formation. The diagnosis of PsA is mainly clinical and diagnostic biomarkers are not yet available. The aim of this work was to clarify some aspects of the disease pathogenesis and to identify specific gene signatures in paired peripheral blood cells (PBC) and synovial biopsies of patients with PsA. Moreover, we tried to identify biomarkers that can be used in clinical practice. Methods PBC and synovial biopsies of 10 patients with PsA were used to study gene expression using Affymetrix arrays. The expression values were validated by Q-PCR, FACS analysis and by the detection of soluble mediators. Results Synovial biopsies of patients showed a modulation of approximately 200 genes when compared to the biopsies of healthy donors. Among the differentially expressed genes we observed the upregulation of Th17 related genes and of type I interferon (IFN) inducible genes. FACS analysis confirmed the Th17 polarization. Moreover, the synovial trascriptome shows gene clusters (bone remodeling, angiogenesis and inflammation) involved in the pathogenesis of PsA. Interestingly 90 genes are modulated in both compartments (PBC and synovium) suggesting that signature pathways in PBC mirror those of the inflamed synovium. Finally the osteoactivin gene was upregulared in both PBC and synovial biopsies and this finding was confirmed by the detection of high levels of osteoactivin in PsA sera but not in other inflammatory arthritides. Conclusions We describe the first analysis of the trancriptome in paired synovial tissue and PBC of patients with PsA. This study strengthens the hypothesis that PsA is of autoimmune origin since the coactivity of IFN and Th17 pathways is typical of autoimmunity. Finally these findings have allowed the identification of a possible disease biomarker, osteoactivin, easily detectable in PsA serum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Puccetti
- Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Nakayachi M, Ito J, Hayashida C, Ohyama Y, Kakino A, Okayasu M, Sato T, Ogasawara T, Kaneda T, Suda N, Sawamura T, Hakeda Y. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 abrogation causes resistance to inflammatory bone destruction in mice, despite promoting osteoclastogenesis in the steady state. Bone 2015; 75:170-82. [PMID: 25744064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bone diseases have been attributed to increased bone resorption by augmented and activated bone-resorbing osteoclasts in response to inflammation. Although the production of diverse proinflammatory cytokines is induced at the inflamed sites, the inflammation also generates reactive oxygen species that modify many biological compounds, including lipids. Among the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), which is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of multifactorial inflammatory atherosclerosis, was downregulated with osteoclast differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that LOX-1 negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation by basically suppressing the cell-cell fusion of preosteoclasts. The LOX-1-deleted (LOX-1(-/-)) mice consistently decreased the trabecular bone mass because of elevated bone resorption during the growing phase. In contrast, when the calvaria was inflamed by a local lipopolysaccharide-injection, the inflammation-induced bone destruction accompanied by the elevated expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes was reduced by LOX-1 deficiency. Moreover, the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), a trigger molecule for osteoclast differentiation, evoked by the inflammation was also abrogated in the LOX-1(-/-) mice. Osteoblasts, the major producers of RANKL, also expressed LOX-1 in response to proinflammatory agents, interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2. In the co-culture of LOX-1(-/-) osteoblasts and wild-type osteoclast precursors, the osteoclastogenesis induced by interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 decreased; this process occurred in parallel with the downregulation of osteoblastic RANKL expression. Collectively, LOX-1 abrogation results in resistance to inflammatory bone destruction, despite promoting osteoclastogenesis in the steady state. Our findings indicate the novel involvement of LOX-1 in physiological bone homeostasis and inflammatory bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nakayachi
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; Division of Orthodontics, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
| | - Junta Ito
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan.
| | - Chiyomi Hayashida
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
| | - Yoko Ohyama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
| | - Akemi Kakino
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Mari Okayasu
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; Division of Oral-maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
| | - Toru Ogasawara
- Division of Oral-maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshio Kaneda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Naoto Suda
- Division of Orthodontics, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan; Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hakeda
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan.
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Thijssen E, van Caam A, van der Kraan PM. Obesity and osteoarthritis, more than just wear and tear: pivotal roles for inflamed adipose tissue and dyslipidaemia in obesity-induced osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 54:588-600. [PMID: 25504962 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OA is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, synovitis, and subchondral bone sclerosis. One of OAs main risk factors is obesity. To date, it is not fully understood how obesity results in OA. Historically, this link was ascribed to excessive joint loading as a result of increased body weight. However, the association between obesity and OA in non-weight-bearing joints suggests a more complex aetiology for obesity-induced OA. In the present review, the link between obesity and OA is discussed. First, the historical view of altered joint loading leading to wear and tear of the joint is addressed. Subsequently, the effects of a disturbed lipid metabolism, low-grade inflammation, and adipokines on joint tissues are discussed and linked to OA. Taken together, inflamed adipose tissue and dyslipidaemia play pivotal roles in obesity-induced OA. It becomes increasingly clear that the link between obesity and OA transcends excessive loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Thijssen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan van Caam
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Murata K, Ito H, Yoshitomi H, Yamamoto K, Fukuda A, Yoshikawa J, Furu M, Ishikawa M, Shibuya H, Matsuda S. Inhibition of miR-92a enhances fracture healing via promoting angiogenesis in a model of stabilized fracture in young mice. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:316-26. [PMID: 23857760 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs regulating the activities of target mRNAs and cellular processes. Although no miRNA has been reported to play an important role in the regulation of fracture healing, several miRNAs control key elements in tissue repair processes such as inflammation, hypoxia response, angiogenesis, stem cell differentiation, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis. We compared the plasma concentrations of 134 miRNAs in 4 patients with trochanteric fractures and 4 healthy controls (HCs), and the levels of six miRNAs were dysregulated. Among these miRNAs, miR-92a levels were significantly decreased 24 hours after fracture, compared to HCs. In patients with a trochanteric fracture or a lumbar compression fracture, the plasma concentrations of miR-92a were lower on days 7 and 14, but had recovered on day 21 after the surgery or injury. To determine whether systemic downregulation of miR-92a can modulate fracture healing, we administered antimir-92a, designed using locked nucleic acid technology to inhibit miR-92a, to mice with a femoral fracture. Systemic administration of antimir-92a twice a week increased the callus volume and enhanced fracture healing. Enhancement of fracture healing was also observed after local administration of antimir-92a. Neovascularization was increased in mice treated with antimir-92a. These results suggest that plasma miR-92a plays a crucial role in bone fracture healing in human and that inhibition of miR-92a enhances fracture healing through angiogenesis and has therapeutic potential for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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de Munter W, Blom AB, Helsen MM, Walgreen B, van der Kraan PM, Joosten LAB, van den Berg WB, van Lent PLEM. Cholesterol accumulation caused by low density lipoprotein receptor deficiency or a cholesterol-rich diet results in ectopic bone formation during experimental osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R178. [PMID: 24286458 PMCID: PMC3978425 DOI: 10.1186/ar4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with the metabolic syndrome, however the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether low density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulation leads to increased LDL uptake by synovial macrophages and affects synovial activation, cartilage destruction and enthesophyte/osteophyte formation during experimental OA in mice. Methods LDL receptor deficient (LDLr−/−) mice and wild type (WT) controls received a cholesterol-rich or control diet for 120 days. Experimental OA was induced by intra-articular injection of collagenase twelve weeks after start of the diet. OA knee joints and synovial wash-outs were analyzed for OA-related changes. Murine bone marrow derived macrophages were stimulated with oxidized LDL (oxLDL), whereupon growth factor presence and gene expression were analyzed. Results A cholesterol-rich diet increased apolipoprotein B (ApoB) accumulation in synovial macrophages. Although increased LDL levels did not enhance thickening of the synovial lining, S100A8 expression within macrophages was increased in WT mice after receiving a cholesterol-rich diet, reflecting an elevated activation status. Both a cholesterol-rich diet and LDLr deficiency had no effect on cartilage damage; in contrast, ectopic bone formation was increased within joint ligaments (fold increase 6.7 and 6.1, respectively). Moreover, increased osteophyte size was found at the margins of the tibial plateau (4.4 fold increase after a cholesterol-rich diet and 5.3 fold increase in LDLr−/− mice). Synovial wash-outs of LDLr−/− mice and supernatants of macrophages stimulated with oxLDL led to increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling compared to controls. Conclusions LDL accumulation within synovial lining cells leads to increased activation of synovium and osteophyte formation in experimental OA. OxLDL uptake by macrophages activates growth factors of the TGF-superfamily.
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Simulative and experimental investigation on the cleavage site that generates the soluble human LOX-1. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 540:9-18. [PMID: 24113299 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a scavenger receptor that mediates the recognition, the binding and internalization of ox-LDL. A truncated soluble form of LOX-1 (sLOX-1) has been identified that, at elevated levels, has been associated to acute coronary syndrome. Human sLOX-1 is the extracellular part of membrane LOX-1 which is cleaved in the NECK domain with a mechanism that has not yet been identified. Purification of human sLOX-1 has been carried out to experimentally identify the cleavage site region within the NECK domain. Molecular modelling and classical molecular dynamics simulation techniques have been used to characterize the structural and dynamical properties of the LOX-1 NECK domain in the presence and absence of the CTLD recognition region, taking into account the obtained proteolysis results. The simulative data indicate that the NECK domain is stabilized by the coiled-coil heptad repeat motif along the simulations, shows a definite flexibility pattern and is characterized by specific electrostatic potentials. The detection of a mobile inter-helix space suggests an explanation for the in vivo susceptibility of the NECK domain to the proteolytic cleavage, validating the assumption that the NECK domain sequence is composed of a coiled-coil motif destabilized in specific regions of functional significance.
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Taye A, El-Sheikh AAK. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 pathways. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:740-5. [PMID: 23594336 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX)-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of different diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. To date, several studies aimed at partially investigating the mechanistic role of LOX-1 in these various pathologies. Still, so far, the precise signal transduction pathways involving LOX-1 have not yet been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The most recent data published by the authors as well as others concerning different pathways involving LOX-1 are collected to formulate the presented updated review. RESULTS One of the most prominent pathways highlighted in the present review is the relationship of LOX-1 to NADPH oxidase that acts as a major source of harmful free radicals causing oxidative stress in blood vessels. Other pathways involve lipid and glucose metabolism-mediated signal transduction. DISCUSSION The modulatory role of LOX-1 on nitric oxide and renin/angiotensin systems as well as on fibrosis, apoptosis and inflammatory pathways is discussed. CONCLUSION The current review revisits LOX-1 and its related pathways, implicating LOX-1 as a target for ameliorating various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Taye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Ulrich-Merzenich G, Zeitler H. The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 as therapeutic target for atherosclerosis, inflammatory conditions and longevity. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:905-19. [PMID: 23738516 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.805748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a scavenger receptor and is regarded as a central element in the initiation of endothelial dysfunction and its further progression to atherosclerosis. Increasing numbers of studies suggest that therapeutic strategies to modulate LOX-1 will have a broad spectrum of applications ranging from cardiovascular diseases to longevity. AREAS COVERED The dual role of LOX-1 as a culprit molecule in the process of atherosclerosis and as a danger signal in various tissues is introduced. The structure of the receptor, its ligands and its modulation by known drugs, by natural products (e.g., statins, imipramine, salicylate-based drugs, procyanidins, curcumin) and by new strategies (antisenseRNA, miRNA, pyrrole-imidazol-polyamides, LOX-1 antibodies, lipid apheresis) are described. EXPERT OPINION Therapeutic approaches via transcript regulation, allowing a modulation of LOX-1, may be an easier and safer strategy than a blockade of the receptor. Considering the wide distribution of LOX-1 on different tissues, research on the mechanisms of LOX-1 modulation by drugs and natural products applying "omic"-technologies will not only allow a better understanding of the role of LOX-1 in the processes of atherosclerosis, inflammation and longevity but also support the development of specific LOX-1 modulators, avoiding the initiation of molecular mechanisms which lead to adverse events.
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Takanabe-Mori R, Ono K, Wada H, Takaya T, Ura S, Yamakage H, Satoh-Asahara N, Shimatsu A, Takahashi Y, Fujita M, Fujita Y, Sawamura T, Hasegawa K. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 plays an important role in vascular inflammation in current smokers. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:585-90. [PMID: 23665840 DOI: 10.5551/jat.16436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Smoking induces vascular inflammation and increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Lectinlike oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a scavenger receptor that is induced by oxidative stress and is associated with atherosclerotic plaque formation and destabilization. LOX-1 interacts with C-reactive protein (CRP) and plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. We therefore hypothesized that LOX-1 may be involved in the onset of smoking-induced vascular inflammation. METHODS We measured the soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1) levels in sera obtained from 207 current smokers. RESULTS The serum sLOX-1 levels positively correlated with various smoking variables, such as the number of cigarettes smoked per day (r= 0.150, p<0.05), the expired air carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations (r= 0.198, p<0.005) and the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence scores (r= 0.190, p<0.01). The serum levels of sLOX-1 also correlated with those of a representative inflammatory marker, the serum high-sensitivity CRP level (hsCRP; r= 0.232, p<0.005). A multivariate regression analysis revealed the independent determinants of the serum sLOX-1 level to be the expired air CO concentration (β= 0.182, p<0.05) and the hsCRP level (β= 0.213, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The serum sLOX-1 level was found to increase in close association with both the smoking-related variables and the inflammatory marker hsCRP. These findings suggest that LOX-1 may therefore play an important role in the onset of smoking-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Takanabe-Mori
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
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The Variability of oxLDL-induced Cytotoxicity on Different Types of Cell Lines. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 67:635-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW LOX-1 is a multiligand receptor implicated in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, although it was originally identified as an oxidized LDL receptor. In this review, the roles of various LOX-1 ligands and their interaction with LOX-1 are discussed to understand the pathophysiological significance of LOX-1. RECENT FINDINGS LOX-1 knockout mice showed resistance of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation against oxidized LDL and retardation of atherosclerosis progression. LOX-1 ligand reduction in mice also attenuated atherosclerosis progression. In a human cohort study, high concentration of apoB-containing LOX-1 ligands predicted the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, modified HDL, which existed in high concentration in the plasma of coronary artery disease patients, was found to induce impairment of endothelial nitric oxide release via LOX-1. In addition to lipoproteins, LOX-1 was found to work as a C-reactive protein receptor providing a scaffold for the activation of the complement system. SUMMARY LOX-1 is a unique molecule among the sensors of danger signals. LOX-1 is not only sensing danger signals such as modified LDL and heat shock protein, but also scaffolding other danger sensors including C-reactive protein and C1q, and directly commanding responses to danger signals by working as a cell adhesion molecule. Via these functions, LOX-1 might work as a surveillance molecule of vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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