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Mouterde G, Lukas C, Filippi N, Marin G, Molinari N, Combe B, Morel J. Persistence of power Doppler ultrasonography-detected synovitis over 1 year of follow-up predicts poor prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission: the SONORE prospective longitudinal study. RMD Open 2024; 10:e004269. [PMID: 39289028 PMCID: PMC11409282 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To assess the progression of ultrasonography-detected synovitis in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in remission during 1 year of follow-up (2) to evaluate the ability of consecutive examinations of ultrasonography to predict relapse (R) or radiographic progression (RP) at 1 year. METHODS Patients with RA (2010 American College of Rheumatology-European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology criteria) in clinical remission (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28)<2.6 without clinically active synovitis) were included. An independent investigator performed ultrasonography every 3 months for 1 year. Ultrasonography-detected synovitis was defined as power Doppler-positive ultrasonography synovitis (PDUS) grade ≥1 in at least one joint. PDUS at ≥2 consecutive visits during the follow-up defined persistent PDUS. An increase of ≥1 point in the modified total Sharp score defined RP. An increase in DAS28-C-reactive protein (CRP)>0.6 or DAS28-CRP>3.2 and any modification of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids defined relapse. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate factors associated with R/RP at 1 year. RESULTS PDUS was detected in 75 (65.2%), 66, 60, 46 and 29 of the 115 patients with RA at baseline and at months 3, 6, 9 and 12, respectively. 58 (50.4%) patients exhibited persistent PDUS. After 1 year, 22/85 (25.9%) experienced relapse and 12 (14.1%) showed RP. On multivariate analysis, factors predicting R/RP at 1 year were persistent PDUS (HR=2.98, p=0.014) and an increase in DAS28-CRP level at the visit before relapse (HR=4.36, p=0.004). CONCLUSION Persistent PDUS during follow-up, rather than at baseline, predicted worse outcome at 1 year and requires careful monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael Mouterde
- Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Occitanie, France
| | - Cédric Lukas
- Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Occitanie, France
| | - Nathalie Filippi
- Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gregory Marin
- Department of Statistics, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Occitanie, France
| | | | - Bernard Combe
- Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Occitanie, France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Occitanie, France
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Lindqvist J, Askling J, Lampa J. Register-based observational study of associations between inflammatory remission, formal treatment targets and the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs among patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003111. [PMID: 37973534 PMCID: PMC10660836 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess associations between inflammatory remission, formal treatment targets and the likelihood of starting a new disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), among patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Patients newly diagnosed with RA were identified in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (n=11 784). Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) and DMARD-treatment were assessed at RA diagnosis and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months thereafter. Inflammatory remission was defined as: swollen joints (0-28)=0 and C reactive protein <10 mg/L and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The primary treatment target was DAS28 remission (<2.6). The proportion of patients in inflammatory remission who failed to reach DAS28 targets was assessed at each follow-up visit, and their likelihood of starting a new DMARD was compared with patients in inflammatory remission who reached the treatment target. rate ratios (RR) and 95% CIs were estimated with modified Poisson regression. RESULTS Overall, 34%, 39%, 44% and 47% were in inflammatory remission at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Among these, 20%, 22%, 20% and 19%, respectively, failed to reach DAS28 remission. Patients who failed to reach DAS28 remission despite being in inflammatory remission were more likely to start a new DMARD treatment (RR (95% CI) at 6 months=1.59 (1.29 to 1.96), 12 months=1.52 (1.23 to 1.87)) and 24 months=1.47 (1.20 to 1.80). CONCLUSION Failing to reach formal treatment targets, despite being in inflammatory remission, is common among patients with early RA, and is associated with an increased likelihood of starting a new DMARD-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Lindqvist
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Medical Unit of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Lampa
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chen CC, Chen DY. The Clinical Utility of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for Disease Activity Evaluation and Therapeutic Response Prediction in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Narrative Review. J Med Ultrasound 2023; 31:275-281. [PMID: 38264607 PMCID: PMC10802883 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_126_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by persistent synovitis and joint/bone destruction. There is an unmet need to predict the therapeutic response to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and achieve a treat-to-target goal. Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is widely used to identify structural change and assess therapeutic response in RA. This review aims to summarize the available evidence regarding the clinical application of MSUS in evaluating disease activity and predicting therapeutic responses to DMARDs. We searched the MEDLINE database using the PubMed interface and reviewed English-language literature from 2000 to 2022. This review focuses on the updated role of MSUS in assessing disease activity and predicting therapeutic responses to DMARDs in RA patients. MSUS is now widely applied to identify articular structural change and assess the disease activity of RA. Combined use of gray scale and power Doppler MSUS is also superior to clinical assessment and laboratory examination in evaluating disease activity of RA. With portable use, good viability, and high sensitivity to articular inflammation, MSUS would be useful in assessing therapeutic response to biologic/targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs) in RA patients. Given MSUS could also detect subclinical inflammation in a substantial proportion of RA patients with clinical remission, it is recommended to assess b/tsDMARDs-treated RA patients who have achieved low disease activity or remission. Although substantial literature data have revealed clinical utility of MSUS for monitoring disease activity and evaluating therapeutic response in RA patients, the evidence regarding its predictive value for the effectiveness of b/tsDMARDs is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Tsu-Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Assessment of disease activity with simplified joint ultrasonography method in rheumatoid arthritis patients. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.1014924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Ultrasound (US) is a highly useful tool for assessing the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). On the other hand, examining all joints could be time-consuming and unfeasible. Defining the number of joints and which joints should be tested is essential to accurately measuring RA activity. Several simplified US methods are undergoing development for this purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between simplified 12-joint US findings and physical examination findings/disease activity in RA patients.
Methods: This cohort study included 62 RA patients who had been undergoing treatment for at least three months. Multiplanar grayscale images and power Doppler (PD) of the 12 joints (bilateral elbow, wrist, second and third metacarpophalangeal [MCP] joints, knee, and ankle) were acquired and compared with clinical assessments. Disease activity was assessed using the clinical disease activity and simplified disease activity indices and disease activity score-28 (CDAI, SDAI, and DAS28, respectively). Synovial effusion, synovial proliferation, and PD US scores were calculated for 12 joints. Correlations between US scores and disease activity, clinical examination, and acute phase reactants were assessed.
Results: The number of joints with PD activity and US total and US synovial proliferation scores showed weak correlations with clinical activity scores (r = 0.25, r = 0.26, and r = 0.28 for SDAI and r = 0.23, r = 0.26, and r = 0.28 for DAS28, respectively). The CDAI did not present any statistically significant correlations. The agreement between US findings and clinical joint examination was generally weak. PD activities of the second MCP joints (r = 0.84, P < 0.01) and knees (r = 0.42, P < 0.01) mostly correlated with clinical examination although it was weakly correlated at the third MCP (r = 0.152) and wrist (r = 0.148), and not correlated at the elbow (r = 0.125).
Conclusion: The weak correlation between US findings and clinical examination/disease activity suggests that clinical examination alone may not be sufficient to determine joint inflammation and disease activity. US could provide a more accurate assessment of RA patients and aid in medication selection.
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Massignan Â, Mendonça da Silva Chakr R, Pamplona Bueno de Andrade N, Brenol CV. Synovitis and Tenosynovitis on Ultrasound as Predictors of DMARD Tapering Failure in Patients with Long-Standing Rheumatoid Arthritis in Clinical Remission or Low Disease Activity. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:2549-2559. [PMID: 33492685 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of synovitis and tenosynovitis detected by grayscale (GS) and by power Doppler (PD) ultrasound (US) in relation to failure of tapering disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS Long-standing RA patients who de-escalated treatment were included in this prospective cohort study. All patients underwent 3 ultrasonographic and clinical assessments, at baseline and every 3 or 4 months, over a period of 6-8 months. US investigation of 32 joints was performed. Synovitis was assessed by GS and PD semiquantitative scoring (0-3) and a global score was calculated for each individual by summing single joint scores. The presence of tenosynovitis was recorded whenever detected during ultrasound assessment. RESULTS Thirty-three patients completed the follow-up period (29 women; 4 men). Eight patients (25%) relapsed. Using the optimal cutoff values determined by receiver operating characteristic curve, patients with a PD synovitis ≥1 at baseline had significantly greater chances to relapse than those without PD activity. During follow-up, GS tenosynovitis was detected in 6 patients (5 with PD) who failed and in 3 patients (1 with PD) who succeeded in tapering therapy. Having at least 1 joint with PD synovitis resulted in a relative risk of 3.14 and having GS tenosynovitis resulted in a relative risk of 11.4 (95% CI: 1.03-9.60 and 2.82-45.9, respectively) for relapse in the multivariate Poisson model. CONCLUSIONS PD synovitis and GS tenosynovitis may be useful to identify RA patients in risk of relapse after DMARD tapering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Massignan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mendonça da Silva Chakr
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nicole Pamplona Bueno de Andrade
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Claiton Viegas Brenol
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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The changing role of ultrasonography examination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in light of recent studies. Reumatologia 2020; 58:155-161. [PMID: 32684648 PMCID: PMC7362270 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2020.96676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, ultrasonography (US) has been a widely accepted modality used for joint assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Given the efficacy of present day therapies, there is scepticism whether it is required in the first place. The most recent clinical Targeting synovitis in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (TaSER) and Clinical Tight Control Therapy (ARCTIC) trials’ results appear to contradict it, yet this does not necessarily mean ultrasound has no place in modern rheumatology. The possibility of detecting inflammation at a subclinical level carries a tremendous predictive value, enabling identification of patients likely to experience an exacerbation in the coming months. Therefore, US should be a part of the decision-making process regarding treatment modification or introduction of any additional interventions, such as glucocorticosteroid injections. The results of the most recent clinical trials do not negate the usefulness of US, but merely suggest that it ought to be used in moderation.
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Mandl P, Studenic P, Supp G, Durechova M, Haider S, Lehner M, Stamm T, Smolen JS, Aletaha D. Doubtful swelling on clinical examination reflects synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20933489. [PMID: 32612711 PMCID: PMC7309376 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20933489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the implication of doubtful joint swelling on clinical examination with respect to objective markers of synovitis by ultrasound (US) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Two independent observers performed a modified 28 swollen joint assessment (28SJC), in which joints could be graded as either definitely swollen, non-swollen, or doubtfully swollen. Two examiners blinded to clinical information performed US assessment of the hands. We performed descriptive statistics and models to analyse the links between clinical assessment and objective markers of inflammation. Results A total of 1204 joints were evaluated in 43 RA patients; 93% (40/43) of patients had ⩾1 joint with doubtful swelling (range: 0-4/patient). Inter-reader reliability for the modified 28SJC was good (0.74). Generally, both grey scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) discriminated across not swollen, doubtful, and swollen joints. GS signals discriminated better than PD between doubtful swelling and no swelling [odds ratio (OR) for GS: 5.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-23.3 versus OR for PD 1.7; 95% CI 0.2-13.0], whereas PD discriminated better than GS between swelling and doubtful swelling (OR for PD: 28.7; 95% CI 3.6-228.2 versus GS: 1.7; 95% CI 0.3-8.4). Joint osteophytes did not increase the degree of doubtfulness. Conclusion Clinical doubt in the assessment of joint swelling constitutes an intermediate state between unequivocal swelling and the lack thereof also regarding the objectively quantified level of inflammation. In order to increase sensitivity for joint inflammation, the historical clinical approach of considering doubtful swelling the absence of swelling should be revisited to interpret clinical doubtfulness as an indication of swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mandl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, 18-20, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Paul Studenic
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriela Supp
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Durechova
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Haider
- Orthopedic Hospital Speising, Institute of Physical Medicine und Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Lehner
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Stamm
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Daniel Aletaha
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Laskari K, Pentazos G, Pitsilka D, Raftakis J, Konstantonis G, Toutouzas K, Siores E, Tektonidou M, Sfikakis PP. Joint microwave radiometry for inflammatory arthritis assessment. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:839-844. [PMID: 31504966 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased in-depth joint temperature measured by the rapid, easy-to-perform microwave radiometry (MWR) method may reflect inflammation, even in the absence of clinical signs. We hypothesized that MWR is useful for RA and spondyloarthritis patients' assessment. METHODS Clinical examination, joint ultrasound and/or MRI and MWR were performed in two independent patient-control cohorts (n = 243). RESULTS Among single RA joints MWR performed best in the knee using ultrasound as reference, with 75% sensitivity-73% specificity for grey-scale synovitis score ⩾2, and 80% sensitivity-82% specificity for power Doppler positivity. A stronger agreement was evident between increased knee relative temperature (Δt) and power Doppler positivity (82%) than with clinical examination (76%). In a different patient cohort with painful knees, a knee Δt ⩽0.2 predicted power Doppler positivity with 100% positive and negative predictive values. A thermo-score summing 10 Δt values of three large and seven small RA joints (elbow, knee, ankle, wrist, four hand and two foot joints of the clinically dominant arm or hand and leg or foot) correlated with ultrasound scores of synovitis/tenosynovitis (all P < 0.001) and the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) (P = 0.004). The agreement of the thermo-score with ultrasound-defined joint inflammation (82%) was stronger than with DAS28 (64%). The thermo-score improved significantly after 90 days of treatment in patients with active RA at baseline (P = 0.004). Using MRI as reference, Δt of sacroiliac joints could discriminate between spondyloarthritis patients with or without sacroiliitis with 78% sensitivity-74% specificity. CONCLUSION In-depth increased MWR-derived joint temperature reflects both subclinical and clinically overt inflammation and may serve as a biomarker in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Laskari
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George Pentazos
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Pitsilka
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Konstantonis
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hipokration' Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Siores
- University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
| | - Maria Tektonidou
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has evolved significantly over the past decades. Therapeutic advances have made clinical remission a feasible goal. Systematic treatment approaches taking into account objective measures of disease activity ("treat-to-target"/"T2T") have been shown to result in better outcomes. This article reviews the latest information regarding T2T in rheumatoid arthritis, including a synopsis of the different disease activity scores available, new definitions of remission used in clinical trials and in routine clinical care, studies supporting a T2T approach, the role of imaging to guide treatment, and areas in which uncertainty remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Salomon-Escoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Jonathan Kay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Anari H, Enteshari-Moghaddam A, Pourfarzi F, Ramazani N. Diagnostic value of Ultrasonography in the detection of Bone Erosions in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: a comparison with Conventional Radiography. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2019; 30:110-113. [PMID: 32185350 PMCID: PMC7045967 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.30.2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (AR) is the most common systemic inflammatory disease of joints, with prevalence of 1% worldwide. Bone erosion (BE) is a central feature of rheumatoid arthritis and is associated with disease severity and poor functional outcome. Conventional Radiography (CR) and Ultrasonography (US) play an important role in the diagnosis of RA. The aim of this study was to compare the value of two methods in the detection of BE in AR patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 111 patients with confirmed RA have been randomly selected and were studied. A checklist which includes demographic information such as age, gender, place of residence, history of smoking, education level and history of rheumatologic disease was completed for all patients, and then radiography and high-resolution US of dominant hands and wrists of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint were performed. Collected data was analysed by statistical methods in SPSS version 22. RESULTS The results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between these two methods in detection of BE. In age groups < 44 years old, US with 98% had more sensitivity than CR with 89%. CONCLUSION Results showed that there is no significant difference in diagnostic value of US in bone erosion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, in comparison with CR in terms of gender and diagnosis for the existence of erosions; however, in determining the amount of BE in age groups < 44 years old, US has better performance than CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Anari
- Department of Radiology, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Department of Community Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Negin Ramazani
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
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Hassan R, Hussain S, Bacha R, Gillani SA, Malik SS. Reliability of Ultrasound for the Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Ultrasound 2019; 27:3-12. [PMID: 31031529 PMCID: PMC6445032 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_112_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review article was to investigate the pooled sensitivity and specificity of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) for the detection of synovitis and early bone erosion in the small joint in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, investigate the pooled sensitivity and specificity of Power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) for the detection of synovial hypervascularity in small joints in RA. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Wiley online library, Google Scholar, Research gate, E-book, BioMed Central, the Journal of Rheumatology and Springer Link were investigated from 2001 to 2017. Original researches related to the article written in English including RA, synovitis, bone erosion, grayscale, and PDUS were included in this study. The sample size, study design, sensitivity, and specificity were analyzed. The review summarizes the value of MSUS for the detection of RA as it is the first choice of modality. Results show the acceptable reliability of US for the diagnosis of early bone erosions, synovitis, and synovial hypervascularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Hassan
- Faculty of Allied Heath Sciences Department, University Institution of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Hussain
- Faculty of Allied Heath Sciences Department, University Institution of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raham Bacha
- Faculty of Allied Heath Sciences Department, University Institution of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Amir Gillani
- Faculty of Allied Heath Sciences Department, University Institution of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Shaheen Malik
- Faculty of Allied Heath Sciences Department, University Institution of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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12
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El-Serougy EM, Eesa NN, El-Azizi HM, Badawi HA. Power Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of hand joints in rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical remission: Association with composite index scores and functional status. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The role of Doppler Ultrasonography in evaluating disease activity in a group of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Bechman K, Tweehuysen L, Garrood T, Scott DL, Cope AP, Galloway JB, Ma MHY. Flares in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Low Disease Activity: Predictability and Association with Worse Clinical Outcomes. J Rheumatol 2018; 45:1515-1521. [PMID: 30173149 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.171375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate predictors of flare in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with low disease activity (LDA) and to evaluate the effect of flare on 12-month clinical outcomes. METHODS Patients with RA who were taking disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and had a stable 28-joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28) < 3.2 were eligible for inclusion. At baseline and every 3 months, clinical (DAS28), functional [Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), EQ-5D, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue scale (FACIT-F), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36)], serum biomarkers [multibiomarker disease activity (MBDA) score, calprotectin, CXCL10], and imaging data were collected. Flare was defined as an increase in DAS28 compared with baseline of > 1.2, or > 0.6 if concurrent DAS28 ≥ 3.2. Cox regression analyses were used to identify baseline predictors of flare. Biomarkers were cross-sectionally correlated at time of flare. Linear regressions were performed to compare clinical outcomes after 1 year. RESULTS Of 152 patients, 46 (30%) experienced a flare. Functional disability at baseline was associated with flare: HAQ-DI had an unadjusted HR 1.82 (95% CI 1.20-2.72) and EQ-5D had HR 0.20 (95% CI 0.07-0.57). In multivariate analyses, only HAQ-DI remained a significant independent predictor of flare (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.05-2.93). At time of flare, DAS28 and its components significantly correlated with MBDA and calprotectin, but correlation coefficients were low at 0.52 and 0.49, respectively. Two-thirds of flares were not associated with a rise in biomarkers. Patients who flared had significantly worse outcomes at 12 months (HAQ-DI, EQ-5D, FACIT-F, SF-36, and radiographic progression). CONCLUSION Flares occur frequently in RA patients with LDA and are associated with worse disease activity, quality of life, and radiographic progression. Higher baseline HAQ-DI was modestly predictive of flare, while biomarker correlation at the time of flare suggests a noninflammatory component in a majority of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Bechman
- From the Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London, London; Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' UK National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. .,K. Bechman, MBChB, BSc, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; L. Tweehuysen, MD, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek; T. Garrood, MBBS, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; D.L. Scott, BSc, MD, FRCP, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; A.P. Cope, BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRCP, FHEA, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; J.B. Galloway, MBChB, MSc, CHP, MRCP, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist/Senior Lecturer, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; M.H. Ma, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London.
| | - Lieke Tweehuysen
- From the Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London, London; Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' UK National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,K. Bechman, MBChB, BSc, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; L. Tweehuysen, MD, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek; T. Garrood, MBBS, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; D.L. Scott, BSc, MD, FRCP, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; A.P. Cope, BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRCP, FHEA, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; J.B. Galloway, MBChB, MSc, CHP, MRCP, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist/Senior Lecturer, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; M.H. Ma, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London
| | - Toby Garrood
- From the Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London, London; Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' UK National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,K. Bechman, MBChB, BSc, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; L. Tweehuysen, MD, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek; T. Garrood, MBBS, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; D.L. Scott, BSc, MD, FRCP, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; A.P. Cope, BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRCP, FHEA, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; J.B. Galloway, MBChB, MSc, CHP, MRCP, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist/Senior Lecturer, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; M.H. Ma, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London
| | - David L Scott
- From the Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London, London; Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' UK National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,K. Bechman, MBChB, BSc, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; L. Tweehuysen, MD, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek; T. Garrood, MBBS, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; D.L. Scott, BSc, MD, FRCP, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; A.P. Cope, BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRCP, FHEA, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; J.B. Galloway, MBChB, MSc, CHP, MRCP, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist/Senior Lecturer, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; M.H. Ma, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London
| | - Andrew P Cope
- From the Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London, London; Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' UK National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,K. Bechman, MBChB, BSc, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; L. Tweehuysen, MD, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek; T. Garrood, MBBS, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; D.L. Scott, BSc, MD, FRCP, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; A.P. Cope, BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRCP, FHEA, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; J.B. Galloway, MBChB, MSc, CHP, MRCP, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist/Senior Lecturer, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; M.H. Ma, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London
| | - James B Galloway
- From the Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London, London; Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' UK National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,K. Bechman, MBChB, BSc, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; L. Tweehuysen, MD, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek; T. Garrood, MBBS, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; D.L. Scott, BSc, MD, FRCP, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; A.P. Cope, BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRCP, FHEA, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; J.B. Galloway, MBChB, MSc, CHP, MRCP, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist/Senior Lecturer, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; M.H. Ma, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London
| | - Margaret H Y Ma
- From the Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London, London; Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' UK National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,K. Bechman, MBChB, BSc, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; L. Tweehuysen, MD, Rheumatology Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek; T. Garrood, MBBS, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; D.L. Scott, BSc, MD, FRCP, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; A.P. Cope, BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRCP, FHEA, Professor of Rheumatology, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; J.B. Galloway, MBChB, MSc, CHP, MRCP, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist/Senior Lecturer, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London; M.H. Ma, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, MSc, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London
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15
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do Prado AD, Staub HL, Bisi MC, da Silveira IG, Mendonça JA, Polido-Pereira J, Fonseca JE. Ultrasound and its clinical use in rheumatoid arthritis: where do we stand? Adv Rheumatol 2018; 58:19. [PMID: 30657086 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-018-0023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has been increasingly employed in daily rheumatological practice and in clinical research. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), MSUS can be now considered a complement to physical examination. This method evaluates synovitis through gray-scale and power Doppler and it is also able to identify bone erosions. The utilization of MSUS as a marker of RA activity has received attention in recent literature. Current data account for good correlation of MSUS with classical measures of clinical activity; in some instances, MSUS appears to perform even better. Diagnosis of subclinical synovitis by MSUS might help the physician in RA management. With some variation, interobserver MSUS agreement seems excellent for erosion and good for synovitis. However, lack of MSUS score standardization is still an unmet need. In this review, we describe several MSUS scores, as well as their correlation with clinical RA activity and response to therapy. Finally, we look at the relationship of MSUS with synovial tissue inflammation and discuss future perspectives for a better interpretation and integration of this imaging method into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Defaveri do Prado
- Rheumatology Unit, Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Rheumatology Department, Sao Lucas Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690/220, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Luiz Staub
- Rheumatology Department, Sao Lucas Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690/220, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Melissa Cláudia Bisi
- Rheumatology Department, Sao Lucas Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690/220, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Inês Guimarães da Silveira
- Rheumatology Department, Sao Lucas Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690/220, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Mendonça
- Rheumatology Unit, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUCCAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Polido-Pereira
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Simpson E, Hock E, Stevenson M, Wong R, Dracup N, Wailoo A, Conaghan P, Estrach C, Edwards C, Wakefield R. What is the added value of ultrasound joint examination for monitoring synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis and can it be used to guide treatment decisions? A systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess 2018; 22:1-258. [PMID: 29712616 PMCID: PMC5949573 DOI: 10.3310/hta22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovitis (inflamed joint synovial lining) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be assessed by clinical examination (CE) or ultrasound (US). OBJECTIVE To investigate the added value of US, compared with CE alone, in RA synovitis in terms of clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane databases were searched from inception to October 2015. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review sought RA studies that compared additional US with CE. Heterogeneity of the studies with regard to interventions, comparators and outcomes precluded meta-analyses. Systematic searches for studies of cost-effectiveness and US and treatment-tapering studies (not necessarily including US) were undertaken. MATHEMATICAL MODEL A model was constructed that estimated, for patients in whom drug tapering was considered, the reduction in costs of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and serious infections at which the addition of US had a cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained of £20,000 and £30,000. Furthermore, the reduction in the costs of DMARDs at which US becomes cost neutral was also estimated. For patients in whom dose escalation was being considered, the reduction in number of patients escalating treatment and in serious infections at which the addition of US had a cost per QALY gained of £20,000 and £30,000 was estimated. The reduction in number of patients escalating treatment for US to become cost neutral was also estimated. RESULTS Fifty-eight studies were included. Two randomised controlled trials compared adding US to a Disease Activity Score (DAS)-based treat-to-target strategy for early RA patients. The addition of power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) to a Disease Activity Score 28 joints-based treat-to-target strategy in the Targeting Synovitis in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (TaSER) trial resulted in no significant between-group difference for change in Disease Activity Score 44 joints (DAS44). This study found that significantly more patients in the PDUS group attained DAS44 remission (p = 0.03). The Aiming for Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis (ARCTIC) trial found that the addition of PDUS and grey-scale ultrasound (GSUS) to a DAS-based strategy did not produce a significant between-group difference in the primary end point: composite DAS of < 1.6, no swollen joints and no progression in van der Heijde-modified total Sharp score (vdHSS). The ARCTIC trial did find that the erosion score of the vdHS had a significant advantage for the US group (p = 0.04). In the TaSER trial there was no significant group difference for erosion. Other studies suggested that PDUS was significantly associated with radiographic progression and that US had added value for wrist and hand joints rather than foot and ankle joints. Heterogeneity between trials made conclusions uncertain. No studies were identified that reported the cost-effectiveness of US in monitoring synovitis. The model estimated that an average reduction of 2.5% in the costs of biological DMARDs would be sufficient to offset the costs of 3-monthly US. The money could not be recouped if oral methotrexate was the only drug used. LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity of the trials precluded meta-analysis. Therefore, no summary estimates of effect were available. Additional costs and health-related quality of life decrements, relating to a flare following tapering or disease progression, have not been included. The feasibility of increased US monitoring has not been assessed. CONCLUSION Limited evidence suggests that US monitoring of synovitis could provide a cost-effective approach to selecting RA patients for treatment tapering or escalation avoidance. Considerable uncertainty exists for all conclusions. Future research priorities include evaluating US monitoring of RA synovitis in longitudinal clinical studies. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015017216. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Simpson
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emma Hock
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matt Stevenson
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ruth Wong
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Naila Dracup
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Allan Wailoo
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Philip Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Cristina Estrach
- Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Edwards
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Wakefield
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
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17
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Besselink NJ, van der Meijde P, Rensen WHJ, Meijer PBL, Marijnissen ACA, van Laar JM, Lafeber FPJG, Jacobs JWG. Optical spectral transmission to assess inflammation in hand and wrist joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:865-872. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nick J Besselink
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Anne C A Marijnissen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob M van Laar
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P J G Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W G Jacobs
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Subclinical synovitis measured by ultrasound in rheumatoid arthritis patients with clinical remission induced by synthetic and biological modifying disease drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 15:218-222. [PMID: 29032909 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with disease in clinical remission might show subclinical synovitis, which can be related to the progress of structural joint damage. OBJECTIVE To determine and compare the degree of synovial inflammation by ultrasound (US) in patients with RA in clinical remission, treated with DMARD or combination therapy with DMARD and anti-TNF. METHODS Hospital-based cross-sectional study of 58 patients with RA in sustained remission for at least 6 months by DAS28 <2.6, who attended the Rheumatology Service at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Patients underwent clinical, functional, and laboratory assessments. Ultrasound was performed in hands measuring synovial effusion, synovial hypertrophy and power Doppler signal; using a semiquantitative 4-point scale of 0=none to 3=severe. Chi-square and t-test were used to compare the clinical, functional, laboratory and US assessments between the DMARD (N=37) and combination therapy with DMARD and anti-TNF (N=21) groups. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Out of 58 patients, 25.9% had remission by US and 74.1% had synovial effusion or hypertrophy or positive power Doppler signal. Non-significant differences in US synovitis between the two groups were found. CONCLUSIONS Persistent US activity was evident in a high percentage of rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical remission by DAS28. No differences in subclinical synovitis measured by US were found between patients with DMARD and anti-TNF-induced clinical remission.
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Ko CH, Chen JF, Cheng TT, Lai HM, Chen YC. Biological tapering and sonographic flare in rheumatoid arthritis. J Investig Med 2017; 66:325-328. [PMID: 28935637 PMCID: PMC5800355 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the risk of ultrasound-detected synovitis after antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) tapering in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We recruited patients with rheumatoid arthritis who accepted TNF tapering. Gray-scale synovitis and power Doppler score in bilateral wrists at the dorsal radiolunate joint were evaluated. We defined a sum of bilateral wrist scores of ≥2 as sonographic inflammation. Logistical regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding factors. One hundred and twenty-two patients who received a tapered dose of anti-TNF were enrolled, of whom 96 (78%) had ultrasound-detected synovitis and 26 had no inflammation. There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor or anticitrullinated protein antibodies between the inflammation and non-inflammation groups. Moderate tapering of anti-TNF (tapering 50%) was more common in the patients with ultrasound-detected synovitis than mild tapering (tapering 25%) (68.8% vs 38.5%, p=0.005). After adjusting for age, body mass index, gender and a 28-joint Disease Activity Score, the moderate tapering group still had a higher risk of ultrasound-detected synovitis (OR 5.786, 95% CI 1.986 to 16.852; p=0.001); that is, the moderate tapering group had a 5.786 times higher risk of developing sonographic inflammation than the mild tapering group. The dose of biological tapering was the major determinant of ultrasound synovitis. Patients with moderate tapering had a higher risk of synovitis than those with mild tapering. We recommend not tapering by more than 25% to reduce subclinical inflammation and future joint damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hua Ko
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Feng Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Tsai Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ming Lai
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chou Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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20
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Sifuentes-Cantú C, Contreras-Yáñez I, Saldarriaga L, Lozada A, Gutiérrez M, Pascual-Ramos V. The added value of musculoskeletal ultrasound to clinical evaluation in the treatment decision of rheumatoid arthritis outpatients: physician experience matters. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:390. [PMID: 28893220 PMCID: PMC5594469 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal ultrasound improves the accuracy of detecting the level of disease activity (DA) in RA patients, although its impact on the final treatment decision in a real clinical setting is uncertain. The objectives were to define the percentage of clinical scenarios from an ongoing cohort of RA outpatients in which the German Ultrasound Score on 7 joints (GUS-7) impacted the treatment and to explore if the impact differed between a senior rheumatologist (SR) vs. a trainee (TR). METHODS Eighty-five consecutive and randomly selected RA outpatients underwent 170 assessments, 85 each by the SR and the TR. Initially, both physicians (blinded to each other) performed a rheumatic assessment and recommended a preliminary treatment. Then, the patients underwent the GUS-7 evaluation by an experienced rheumatologist blinded to clinical evaluations; selected joints of the clinically dominant hand were assessed by gray-scale and power Doppler (PD). In the final step, the TR and the SR integrated the GUS-7 findings with their previous evaluation and reviewed their recommendations. The patients received the final recommendation from the SR to avoid patient confusion. The study was approved by the Internal Review Board and all the patients signed informed consent. GUS-7 usefulness was separately evaluated by the SR and the TR according to a visual analogue scale (0 = not useful at all, 10 = very useful). Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS The patients were primarily middle-aged females (91.4%) with (mean ± SD) disease duration of 7.5 ± 3.9 years. The majority of them (69.2% according to TR and 71.8% to SR) were in DAS28-ESR-remission. In 34 of 170 clinical scenarios (20%), the GUS-7 findings modified the final treatment proposal; 24 of these scenarios were determined by the TR vs. 10 by the SR: 70.5% vs. 29.5%, p = 0.01. Treatment changes (increase, decrease and joint injection) were similar between both specialists. As expected, the TR rated the GUS-7 usefulness higher than the SR, particularly in the clinical scenarios where the GUS-7 findings impacted treatment. CONCLUSIONS Musculoskeletal ultrasound added to standard rheumatic assessments impacted the treatment proposal in a limited number of patients; the impact was greater in the TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Sifuentes-Cantú
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000 México City, Mexico
| | - I. Contreras-Yáñez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000 México City, Mexico
| | - L. Saldarriaga
- Division of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación y Ortopedia, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389 México City, Mexico
| | - A.C. Lozada
- Division of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación y Ortopedia, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389 México City, Mexico
| | - M. Gutiérrez
- Division of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación y Ortopedia, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389 México City, Mexico
| | - V. Pascual-Ramos
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000 México City, Mexico
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Zufferey P, Rebell C, Benaim C, Ziswiler HR, Dumusc A, So A. Ultrasound can be useful to predict an evolution towards rheumatoid arthritis in patients with inflammatory polyarthralgia without anticitrullinated antibodies. Joint Bone Spine 2017; 84:299-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Závada J, Hánová P, Hurňáková J, Szczuková L, Uher M, Forejtová Š, Klein M, Mann H, Olejárová M, Růžičková O, Šléglová O, Hejduk K, Pavelka K. The relationship between synovitis quantified by an ultrasound 7-joint inflammation score and physical disability in rheumatoid arthritis - a cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:5. [PMID: 28086960 PMCID: PMC5237153 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Restoring normal physical functioning is a major therapeutic aim in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is unknown, whether the extent of synovial inflammation quantified by musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) can predict current or future capacity for physical functioning. To answer this question we investigated the longitudinal relationship between physical function assessed by the health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) and the German 7-joint ultrasound score (US7S) in a prospective cohort of patients with RA. Methods Patients with RA (n = 185 (46 with incident and 139 with prevalent disease) were followed for 30.9 ± 9.1 months. Baseline and annual assessments comprised the disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), HAQ and US7S. The US7S includes semiquantitative measurements of synovitis assessed by greyscale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) in seven joints of the clinically dominant hand and foot, which are then aggregated in PD and GS synovitis sum-scores (PDsynSS and GSsynSS). A linear mixed-effect model was used to assess the longitudinal relationship between GSsynSS, PDsynSS and HAQ. We used standard and time-lag models to explore the association between HAQ, and GSsynSS, PDsynSS and DAS28 measured at the same time or at the previous visit 12 months ago, respectively. Results When the standard model was applied, in univariate analyses HAQ score was positively associated with GSsynSS and PDsynSS with β coefficients significantly higher in incident than in prevalent disease. In multivariate analysis both synSSs were individually no longer significant predictors of HAQ score. When using the time-lag model, after adjustment for the previous DAS28 or HAQ score, both PDsynSS and GSsynSS were significantly and negatively associated with the current HAQ. Conclusions US7 PD and GS synovitis sum-scores alone were positively associated with current functional status reflected by the HAQ in patients with RA, and this relationship was stronger in patients with early disease. When combined with the DAS28 or HAQ, US7 PD and GS synovitis sum-scores were predictive of the change in HAQ score over one year. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1208-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Závada
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Hánová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hurňáková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Szczuková
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Uher
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Forejtová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Klein
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Herman Mann
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Olejárová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Růžičková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šléglová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Hejduk
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic
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D'Agostino MA, Boers M, Wakefield RJ, Emery P, Conaghan PG. Is it time to revisit the role of ultrasound in rheumatoid arthritis management? Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:7-8. [PMID: 27941072 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
For over a decade, a large number of studies have highlighted the benefits of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its benefits in routine practice have been less studied and trials examining US as part of various clinical strategies are just emerging, with recent randomised trials examining the added value of US in tight-control paradigms. The conclusions of these trials have raised questions on the role of US in RA management. This Viewpoint analyses the recent studies, and discusses potential limitations in study designs as well as the methodological challenges of assessing the added value of an imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A D'Agostino
- Rheumatology Department, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, France.,Leeds institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK
| | - M Boers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R J Wakefield
- Leeds institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK
| | - P Emery
- Leeds institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK
| | - P G Conaghan
- Leeds institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK
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24
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Recommendations for the use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 14:9-19. [PMID: 28029551 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop evidence-based recommendations on the use of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Recommendations were generated following a nominal group technique. A panel of experts, consisting of 15 rheumatologists and 3 radiologists, was established in the first panel meeting to define the scope and purpose of the consensus document, as well as chapters, potential recommendations and systematic literature reviews (we used and updated those from previous EULAR documents). A first draft of recommendations and text was generated. Then, an electronic Delphi process (2 rounds) was carried out. Recommendations were voted from 1 (total disagreement) to 10 (total agreement). We defined agreement if at least 70% of experts voted ≥7. The level of evidence and grade or recommendation was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence. The full text was circulated and reviewed by the panel. The consensus was coordinated by an expert methodologist. RESULTS A total of 20 recommendations were proposed. They include the validity of US and MRI regarding inflammation and damage detection, diagnosis, prediction (structural damage progression, flare, treatment response, etc.), monitoring and the use of US guided injections/biopsies. CONCLUSIONS These recommendations will help clinicians use US and MRI in RA patients.
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25
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Inciarte-Mundo J, Ramirez J, Hernández MV, Ruiz-Esquide V, Cuervo A, Cabrera-Villalba SR, Pascal M, Yagüe J, Cañete JD, Sanmarti R. Calprotectin and TNF trough serum levels identify power Doppler ultrasound synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients in remission or with low disease activity. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:160. [PMID: 27391315 PMCID: PMC4938924 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum levels of calprotectin, a major S100 leucocyte protein, are associated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. Higher drug trough serum levels are associated with good response in patients treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). Power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) synovitis is predictive of flare and progression of structural damage in patients in clinical remission. The purpose of this study was to analyse the accuracy of calprotectin and TNFi trough serum levels in detecting PDUS synovitis in RA and PsA patients in clinical remission or with low disease activity who were receiving TNFi. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 92 patients (42 with RA, 50 with PsA) receiving adalimumab (ADA), etanercept (ETN) or infliximab who were in remission or had low disease activity (28-joint Disease Activity Score based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate <3.2). Associations of calprotectin, TNFi trough serum levels and acute phase reactants with PDUS synovitis were assessed using correlation and linear regression analyses. The accuracy and discriminatory capacity in detecting PDUS synovitis was assessed using ROC curves. Results PDUS synovitis was found in 62.4 % of RA patients and 32 % of PsA patients. Both RA and PsA patients with PDUS synovitis had higher calprotectin levels and lower TNFi trough serum levels. Calprotectin positively correlated with ultrasound scores (all r coefficients >0.50 in RA). Calprotectin correlated with the PDUS synovitis score in patients treated with ADA and ETN. Using PDUS synovitis (yes or no) as the reference variable, calprotectin had an AUC of 0.826. The best cut-off was ≥1.66 μg/ml, with a likelihood ratio of 2.77. C-reactive protein (AUC 0.673) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (AUC 0.731) had a lower discriminatory capacity. TNFi trough serum levels were significantly associated with PDUS synovitis (OR 0.67, 95 % CI 0.52–0.85, p < 0.001) but their accuracy (AUC <0.5) was less than that of calprotectin. TNFi trough serum levels were inversely correlated with calprotectin and PDUS synovitis in RA and PsA patients receiving ADA and ETN. Conclusions Calprotectin and TNFi trough serum levels may help identify PDUS synovitis in RA and PsA patients in clinical remission or with low disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Inciarte-Mundo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Ramirez
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Hernández
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Ruiz-Esquide
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Cuervo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Raquel Cabrera-Villalba
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Yagüe
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sanmarti
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Alemao E, Joo S, Kawabata H, Al MJ, Allison PD, Rutten-van Mölken MPMH, Frits ML, Iannaccone CK, Shadick NA, Weinblatt ME. Effects of Achieving Target Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis on Functional Status, Quality of Life, and Resource Utilization: Analysis of Clinical Practice Data. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 68:308-17. [PMID: 26238974 PMCID: PMC5067571 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate associations between achieving guideline‐recommended targets of disease activity, defined by the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using C‐reactive protein level (DAS28‐CRP) <2.6, the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) ≤3.3, or the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) ≤2.8, and other health outcomes in a longitudinal observational study. Methods Other defined thresholds included low disease activity (LDA), moderate (MDA), or severe disease activity (SDA). To control for intraclass correlation and estimate effects of independent variables on outcomes of the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (M‐HAQ), the EuroQol 5‐domain (EQ‐5D; a quality‐of‐life measure), hospitalization, and durable medical equipment (DME) use, we employed mixed models for continuous outcomes and generalized estimating equations for binary outcomes. Results Among 1,297 subjects, achievement (versus nonachievement) of recommended disease targets was associated with enhanced physical functioning and lower health resource utilization. After controlling for baseline covariates, achievement of disease targets (versus LDA) was associated with significantly enhanced physical functioning based on SDAI ≤3.3 (ΔM‐HAQ −0.047; P = 0.0100) and CDAI ≤2.8 (−0.073; P = 0.0003) but not DAS28‐CRP <2.6 (−0.022; P = 0.1735). Target attainment was associated with significantly improved EQ‐5D (0.022–0.096; P < 0.0030 versus LDA, MDA, or SDA). Patients achieving guideline‐recommended disease targets were 36–45% less likely to be hospitalized (P < 0.0500) and 23–45% less likely to utilize DME (P < 0.0100). Conclusion Attaining recommended target disease‐activity measures was associated with enhanced physical functioning and health‐related quality of life. Some health outcomes were similar in subjects attaining guideline targets versus LDA. Achieving LDA is a worthy clinical objective in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evo Alemao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Maiwenn J Al
- Institute of Health Policy and Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maureen P M H Rutten-van Mölken
- Institute of Health Policy and Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle L Frits
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nancy A Shadick
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael E Weinblatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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D'Agostino MA, Boers M, Wakefield RJ, Berner Hammer H, Vittecoq O, Filippou G, Balint P, Möller I, Iagnocco A, Naredo E, Østergaard M, Gaillez C, Le Bars M. Exploring a new ultrasound score as a clinical predictive tool in patients with rheumatoid arthritis starting abatacept: results from the APPRAISE study. RMD Open 2016; 2:e000237. [PMID: 27175297 PMCID: PMC4860864 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore whether changes in a composite (power Doppler/greyscale ultrasound (PDUS)) synovitis score, developed by the OMERACT-EULAR-Ultrasound Task Force, predict disease activity outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Patients with RA who were methotrexate inadequate responders starting abatacept were evaluated. Individual joint PDUS scores were combined in the Global OMERACT-EULAR Synovitis Score (GLOESS) for metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPs) 2–5, all joints (22 paired) and a reduced (9 paired) joint set. The predictive value of changes in GLOESS at week 1–16 evaluations for clinical status and response (Disease Activity Score (DAS)28 (C reactive protein, CRP) <2.6; DAS28(CRP) ≤3.2; DAS28(CRP) ≥1.2 improvement) up to week 24, and correlations between DAS28 and GLOESS were assessed. Results Eighty-nine patients completed the 24-week treatment period. Changes in GLOESS (MCPs 2–5) from weeks 1 to 16 were unable to predict DAS28 outcomes up to week 24. However, significant improvements in GLOESS (MCPs 2–5) were observed at week 12 in patients with DAS28 ≥1.2 improvement at week 24 versus those who did not achieve that clinical response. In patients achieving DAS28 ≥1.2 improvement or DAS28 ≤3.2 at week 24, changes in GLOESS (22 and 9 paired joint sets) were greater in patients who already achieved DAS28 ≥1.2 at week 12 than in those who did not. No significant correlations were found between changes in DAS28 and GLOESS definitions at any time point. Conclusions PDUS was not correlated with clinical status or response as measured by DAS28-derived criteria, and PDUS changes were not predictive of clinical outcome. The discrepancies require further exploration. Trial registration number NCT00767325; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Antonietta D'Agostino
- APHP , Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Service de Rhumatologie, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles St.-Quentin , 78180 Saint Quentin en Yvelines , France
| | - Maarten Boers
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics , The Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Wakefield
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (LMBRU), University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | | | - Olivier Vittecoq
- Rheumatology Department & CIC-CRB-1404, Inserm U905 , Rouen University Hospital, Rouen University , Rouen , France
| | - Georgios Filippou
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Rheumatology Section , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Peter Balint
- 3rd Rheumatology Department , National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Ingrid Möller
- Rheumatology Department , Instituto Poal , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Annamaria Iagnocco
- Rheumatology Unit, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Esperanza Naredo
- Department of Rheumatology , Hospital GU Gregorio Marañón , Madrid , Spain
| | - Mikkel Østergaard
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Corine Gaillez
- Medical Affairs , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Rueil-Malmaison , France
| | - Manuela Le Bars
- Medical Affairs , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Rueil-Malmaison , France
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28
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Gärtner M, Sigmund IK, Alasti F, Supp G, Radner H, Machold K, Smolen JS, Aletaha D. Clinical joint inactivity predicts structural stability in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2016; 2:e000241. [PMID: 27110386 PMCID: PMC4838760 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical joint activity is a strong predictor of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but progression of damage might increase despite clinical inactivity of the respective joint (silent progression). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of silent joint progression, but particularly on the patient level and to investigate the duration of clinical inactivity as a marker for non-progression on the joint level. METHODS 279 patients with RA with any radiographic progression over an observational period of 3-5 years were included. We obtained radiographic and clinical data of 22 hand/finger joints over a period of at least 3 years. Prevalence of silent progression and associations of clinical joint activity and radiographic progression were evaluated. RESULTS 120 (43.0%) of the patients showed radiographic progression in at least one of their joints without any signs of clinical activity in that respective joint. In only 7 (5.8%) patients, such silent joint progression would go undetected, as the remainder had other joints with clinical activity, either with (n=84; 70.0%) or without (n=29; 24.2%) accompanying radiographic progression. Also, the risk of silent progression decreases with duration of clinical activity. CONCLUSIONS Silent progression of a joint without accompanying apparent clinical activity in any other joint of a patient was very rare, and would therefore be most likely detected by the assessment of the patient. Thus, full clinical remission is an excellent marker of structural stability in patients with RA, and the maintenance of this state reduces the risk of progression even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gärtner
- Department of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - I K Sigmund
- Department of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - F Alasti
- Department of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - G Supp
- Department of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - H Radner
- Department of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - K Machold
- Department of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - J S Smolen
- Department of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 2nd Department of Medicine, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Aletaha
- Department of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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29
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Horton SC, Tan AL, Freeston JE, Wakefield RJ, Buch MH, Emery P. Discordance between the predictors of clinical and imaging remission in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice: implications for the use of ultrasound within a treatment-to-target strategy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:1177-87. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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30
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Smolen JS, Breedveld FC, Burmester GR, Bykerk V, Dougados M, Emery P, Kvien TK, Navarro-Compán MV, Oliver S, Schoels M, Scholte-Voshaar M, Stamm T, Stoffer M, Takeuchi T, Aletaha D, Andreu JL, Aringer M, Bergman M, Betteridge N, Bijlsma H, Burkhardt H, Cardiel M, Combe B, Durez P, Fonseca JE, Gibofsky A, Gomez-Reino JJ, Graninger W, Hannonen P, Haraoui B, Kouloumas M, Landewe R, Martin-Mola E, Nash P, Ostergaard M, Östör A, Richards P, Sokka-Isler T, Thorne C, Tzioufas AG, van Vollenhoven R, de Wit M, van der Heijde D. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: 2014 update of the recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:3-15. [PMID: 25969430 PMCID: PMC4717393 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reaching the therapeutic target of remission or low-disease activity has improved outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) significantly. The treat-to-target recommendations, formulated in 2010, have provided a basis for implementation of a strategic approach towards this therapeutic goal in routine clinical practice, but these recommendations need to be re-evaluated for appropriateness and practicability in the light of new insights. OBJECTIVE To update the 2010 treat-to-target recommendations based on systematic literature reviews (SLR) and expert opinion. METHODS A task force of rheumatologists, patients and a nurse specialist assessed the SLR results and evaluated the individual items of the 2010 recommendations accordingly, reformulating many of the items. These were subsequently discussed, amended and voted upon by >40 experts, including 5 patients, from various regions of the world. Levels of evidence, strengths of recommendations and levels of agreement were derived. RESULTS The update resulted in 4 overarching principles and 10 recommendations. The previous recommendations were partly adapted and their order changed as deemed appropriate in terms of importance in the view of the experts. The SLR had now provided also data for the effectiveness of targeting low-disease activity or remission in established rather than only early disease. The role of comorbidities, including their potential to preclude treatment intensification, was highlighted more strongly than before. The treatment aim was again defined as remission with low-disease activity being an alternative goal especially in patients with long-standing disease. Regular follow-up (every 1-3 months during active disease) with according therapeutic adaptations to reach the desired state was recommended. Follow-up examinations ought to employ composite measures of disease activity that include joint counts. Additional items provide further details for particular aspects of the disease, especially comorbidity and shared decision-making with the patient. Levels of evidence had increased for many items compared with the 2010 recommendations, and levels of agreement were very high for most of the individual recommendations (≥9/10). CONCLUSIONS The 4 overarching principles and 10 recommendations are based on stronger evidence than before and are supposed to inform patients, rheumatologists and other stakeholders about strategies to reach optimal outcomes of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferdinand C Breedveld
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Free University and Humboldt University, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivian Bykerk
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Maxime Dougados
- Department of Rheumatology B, Cochin Hospital, René Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital,Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Monika Schoels
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marieke Scholte-Voshaar
- EULAR Standing Committee of People with Arthritis/Rheumatism in Europe (PARE), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Stamm
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Stoffer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Aletaha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jose Louis Andreu
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Martin Aringer
- Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bergman
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neil Betteridge
- EULAR Standing Committee of People with Arthritis/Rheumatism in Europe (PARE), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Bijlsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Burkhardt
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University Frankfurt, German
| | - Mario Cardiel
- Centro de Investigación Clínica de Morelia, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Bernard Combe
- Service d'Immuno-Rhumatologie, Montpellier University, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Durez
- Pôle de Recherche en Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joao Eurico Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Rheumatology Department, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alan Gibofsky
- Weill Medical College, Cornell University Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA
| | - Juan J Gomez-Reino
- Rheumatology Unit, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Pekka Hannonen
- Department of Medicine, Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Marios Kouloumas
- EULAR Standing Committee of People with Arthritis/Rheumatism in Europe (PARE), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Landewe
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, and Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Nash
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mikkel Ostergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet and Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew Östör
- Rheumatology Clinical Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pam Richards
- EULAR Standing Committee of People with Arthritis/Rheumatism in Europe (PARE), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Carter Thorne
- Division of Rheumatology, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newarket, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Martinus de Wit
- EULAR Standing Committee of People with Arthritis/Rheumatism in Europe (PARE), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Desirée van der Heijde
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Are We Able to Suppress Disease Activity Adequately in Patients With Established Rheumatoid Arthritis? An Observational and Cross-Sectional Study. Arch Rheumatol 2015; 31:127-132. [PMID: 29900932 DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2016.5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to explore current disease activity status and simultaneous pharmacological therapies in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to determine the extent to which treatment targets are achieved. Patients and methods One hundred patients (7 males, 93 females; median age 57 years; range 31 to 76 years) with established RA receiving any conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) and/or biological DMARD for at least three months were enrolled. Disease activity was determined by using the Simplified Disease Activity Index. First, patients were categorized into four groups as remission, low disease activity, moderate disease activity, and high disease activity. Then, they were divided into two subgroups, namely a remission/low disease activity subgroup and moderate disease activity/high disease activity subgroup. Results Fifty-one percent of the patients had remission or low disease activity. The most frequently used conventional synthetic DMARDs were methotrexate (50%) and leflunomide (34%). Forty-five percent of patients were receiving glucocorticoid therapy. In patients receiving only conventional synthetic DMARDs, the proportion of remission and low disease activity was 54% (42/78). Forty-two percent (8/19) of the patients receiving biological DMARDs were in remission or had low disease activity. A comparison of subgroups revealed that median age and sulfasalazine use were significantly higher in the moderate disease activity/high disease activity subgroup. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that half of patients with established RA had moderate or high disease activity in our local outpatient clinic. Some barriers might be responsible for the difficulties in controlling disease activity. Determining such barriers might result in a better clinical response during the management of patients with established RA in real-life practice.
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van Onna M, Ten Cate DF, Tsoi KL, Meier AJL, Jacobs JWG, Westgeest AAA, Meijer PBL, van Beek MC, Rensen WHJ, Bijlsma JWJ. Assessment of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using optical spectral transmission measurements, a non-invasive imaging technique. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:511-8. [PMID: 26452538 PMCID: PMC4789697 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), treat-to-target strategies require instruments for valid detection of joint inflammation. Therefore, imaging modalities are increasingly used in clinical practice. Optical spectral transmission (OST) measurements are non-invasive and fast and may therefore have benefits over existing imaging modalities. We tested whether OST could measure disease activity validly in patients with RA. Methods In 59 patients with RA and 10 patients with arthralgia, OST, joint counts, Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28 and ultrasonography (US) were performed. Additionally, MRI was performed in patients with DAS28<2.6. We developed and validated within the same cohort an algorithm for detection of joint inflammation by OST with US as reference. Results At the joint level, OST and US performed similarly inproximal interphalangeal-joints (area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) of 0.79, p<0.0001) andmetacarpophalangeal joints (AUC 0.78, p<0.0001). Performance was less similar in wrists (AUC 0.62, p=0.006). On the patient level, OST correlated moderately with clinical examination (DAS28 r=0.42, p=0.001), and US scores (r=0.64, p<0.0001). Furthermore, in patients with subclinical and low disease activity, there was a correlation between OST and MRI synovitis score (RAMRIS (Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Scoring) synovitis), r=0.52, p=0.005. Conclusions In this pilot study, OST performed moderately in the detection of joint inflammation in patients with RA. Further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic performance in a new cohort of patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Onna
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D F Ten Cate
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K L Tsoi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A J L Meier
- Department of Rheumatology, Regional Rheumatology Center, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J W G Jacobs
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A A A Westgeest
- Department of Rheumatology, Regional Rheumatology Center, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - J W J Bijlsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ikeda K, Narita A, Ogasawara M, Ohno S, Kawahito Y, Kawakami A, Ito H, Matsushita I, Suzuki T, Misaki K, Ogura T, Kamishima T, Seto Y, Nakahara R, Kaneko A, Nakamura T, Henmi M, Fukae J, Nishida K, Sumida T, Koike T. Consensus-based identification of factors related to false-positives in ultrasound scanning of synovitis and tenosynovitis. Mod Rheumatol 2015; 26:9-14. [PMID: 26382930 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2015.1091123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to identify causes of false-positives in ultrasound scanning of synovial/tenosynovial/bursal inflammation and provide corresponding imaging examples. METHODS We first performed systematic literature review to identify previously reported causes of false-positives. We next determined causes of false-positives and corresponding example images for educational material through Delphi exercises and discussion by 15 experts who were an instructor and/or a lecturer in the 2013 advanced course for musculoskeletal ultrasound organized by Japan College of Rheumatology Committee for the Standardization of Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography. RESULTS Systematic literature review identified 11 articles relevant to sonographic false-positives of synovial/tenosynovial inflammation. Based on these studies, 21 candidate causes of false-positives were identified in the consensus meeting. Of these items, 11 achieved a predefined consensus (≥ 80%) in Delphi exercise and were classified as follows: (I) Gray-scale assessment [(A) non-specific synovial findings and (B) normal anatomical structures which can mimic synovial lesions due to either their low echogenicity or anisotropy]; (II) Doppler assessment [(A) Intra-articular normal vessels and (B) reverberation)]. Twenty-four corresponding examples with 49 still and 23 video images also achieved consensus. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a set of representative images that can help sonographers to understand false-positives in ultrasound scanning of synovitis and tenosynovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ikeda
- a Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , Chiba University Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Akihiro Narita
- b Hokkaido Medical Center for Rheumatic Diseases , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Michihiro Ogasawara
- c Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohno
- d Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Yokohama City University Medical Center , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawahito
- e Department of Inflammation and Immunology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- f Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- g Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Isao Matsushita
- h Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- i Division of Allergy and Rheumatology , Japanese Red Cross Medical Center , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kenta Misaki
- j Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology , Kurashiki Central Hospital , Kurashiki , Okayama , Japan
| | - Takehisa Ogura
- k Division of Rheumatology , Toho University Ohashi Medical Center , Tokyo , Japan
| | | | - Yohei Seto
- m Department of Rheumatology , Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center , Yachiyo , Chiba , Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakahara
- n Department of Human Morphology , Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine , Okayama , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneko
- o Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rheumatology , Nagoya Medical Center, National Hospital Organization , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamura
- a Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , Chiba University Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Mihoko Henmi
- b Hokkaido Medical Center for Rheumatic Diseases , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Jun Fukae
- b Hokkaido Medical Center for Rheumatic Diseases , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Keiichiro Nishida
- n Department of Human Morphology , Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine , Okayama , Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- p Department of Internal Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan , and
| | - Takao Koike
- q NTT Sapporo Medical Center , Sapporo , Japan
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Landewé R, Smolen JS, Florentinus S, Chen S, Guérette B, van der Heijde D. Existing joint erosions increase the risk of joint space narrowing independently of clinical synovitis in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:133. [PMID: 25994819 PMCID: PMC4440309 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical synovitis is often associated with damage to bone and cartilage. Previous data have suggested that joint erosions (JE) are more prevalent than joint space narrowing (JSN) and that the two processes are partly independent of each other. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of JE in an individual joint can lead to development of JSN and if existing JSN leads to new onset of JE, in the absence of synovitis. METHODS The Prospective Multi-Centre Randomised, Double-Blind, Active Comparator-Controlled, Parallel-Groups Study Comparing the Fully Human Monoclonal Anti-TNFα Antibody Adalimumab Given Every Second Week With Methotrexate Given Weekly and the Combination of Adalimumab and Methotrexate Administered Over 2 Years in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (PREMIER) enrolled early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who were randomized to one of three treatments: methotrexate (MTX), adalimumab (ADA), or ADA + MTX. All evaluable joints with JE and JSN measures at 26 and 52 weeks and synovitis assessments from week 26 to 52 were included. Synovitis was assessed every 2-8 weeks by swollen joint counts between weeks 26 and 52. Radiographs were taken at week 26 and 52. Two readers, blinded to time and sequence, scored 14 bilateral joints individually for JE and JSN. Multivariate logistic modeling was used to characterize the dependence of JE/JSN onset at 52 weeks. Analyses were performed based on treatment arm and were also performed within individual joints. RESULTS JE and swelling were independently and comparably associated with onset of JSN at week 52. Assessment by individual joints indicated that existing JE, independent of swelling, was significantly associated with JSN onset in higher proportions of metatarsophalangeal (MTP; 7/10) than proximal interphalangeal (PIP; 1/8) or metacarpophalangeal (MCP; 1/10) joints. Treatment with ADA + MTX prevents JE/JSN progression independently of its ability to suppress synovitis and limits JE/JSN onset and progression in joints with existing damage. CONCLUSIONS Existing JE predisposes individual joints to development of JSN independently of synovitis in the same joint. Weight-bearing MTP joints with JE may be at increased risk for JSN when compared with MCPs and PIPs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00195663. Registered 13 September 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Landewé
- Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Su Chen
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA.
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Abstract
There have been immense technical innovations and broadened clinical applications of ultrasound in the musculoskeletal system over the past 20 years. Specifically with regard to the hand and wrist, the advent of higher resolution transducers and postprocessing software applications have resulted in overall enhanced visualization of soft tissue structures (tendons/ligaments) as well as surface osseous lesions such as subclinical erosions in rheumatoid arthritis. Quantitative ultrasound, using either power Doppler or contrast-enhanced imaging, has become a central outcomes measure used to evaluate and document patient response to treatment in inflammatory arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis. This review will summarize the current state of clinical applications of ultrasound in the evaluation of the hand and wrist, with a summary of technical advances and specific applications in rheumatologic conditions.This review was exempt from institutional review board approval.
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Gärtner M, Alasti F, Supp G, Mandl P, Smolen JS, Aletaha D. Persistence of subclinical sonographic joint activity in rheumatoid arthritis in sustained clinical remission. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:2050-3. [PMID: 25977561 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonographic assessment, measuring grey scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) signals, is a sensitive tool for the evaluation of inflammatory joint activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We evaluated the persistence of PD and GS signals in previously clinically active RA joints that have reached a state of continuous clinical inactivity. METHODS We performed sonographic imaging of 22 joints of the hands of patients with RA, selected all joints without clinical activity but showing ongoing sonographic signs of inflammation, and evaluated the time from last clinical joint activity. RESULTS A total of 90 patients with RA with 1980 assessed joints were included in this study. When comparing the mean time from clinical swelling, we found a significantly longer period of clinical inactivity in joints showing low sonographic activity (mean±SD time from swelling of 4.1±3.2 vs 3.1±2.9 years for PD1 vs PD≥2, p=0.031 and 4.5±3.4 vs 3.3±3.2 years for GS1 vs GS≥2, p≤0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that subclinical joint activity is long-lasting in RA joints in clinical remission, but attenuates over time. The latter conclusion is based on the observed shorter time duration from last clinical activity for strong compared with weaker sonographic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gärtner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Alasti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Supp
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Mandl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 2nd Department of Medicine, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Aletaha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kirino Y, Hama M, Takase-Minegishi K, Kunishita Y, Kishimoto D, Yoshimi R, Asami Y, Ihata A, Oba MS, Tsunoda S, Ohno S, Ueda A, Takeno M, Ishigatsubo Y. Predicting joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis with power Doppler, anti-citrullinated peptide antibody, and joint swelling. Mod Rheumatol 2015; 25:842-8. [PMID: 25736364 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2015.1026025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine combined evaluation of musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) and power Doppler (PD) signals, anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA), and other clinical findings improve the prediction of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 331 RA patients (female n = 280 and male n = 51, mean age: 57.9 ± 13.2 years) who underwent MSUS from 2002 to 2012. Correlations with progression of joint destructions in 1,308 2nd and 3rd metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and various factors including PD signals of the same joints, clinical findings, age, disease duration at the study entry, gender, observation period, radiographic bone scores according to modified Sharp-van der Heijde methods, ACPA, and rheumatoid factor (RF) were analyzed in patient- and joint-based fashions, using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and generalized linear mixed model. RESULTS Patients' characteristics were as follows: mean disease duration: 5.7 ± 7.5 years, observation period: 4.6 ± 2.6 years, RF positivity: 79.9%, and ACPA positivity: 77.5%. PD-positive 2nd and 3rd joints showed higher rate of joint destruction, especially in ACPA-positive patients. Moreover, PD-positive joints in ACPA-positive patients showed joint destruction even in joints without swelling. Multivariate analysis determined PD, swollen joint (SJ), observation period, basal radiographic bone scores, and ACPA as independent risks for joint destruction. CONCLUSION PD, SJ, basal radiographic bone scores, and ACPA are independent predictors for the joint destruction of 2nd and 3rd MCPs in RA; thus, considering these factors would be useful in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kirino
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Maasa Hama
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Kaoru Takase-Minegishi
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Yosuke Kunishita
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Daiga Kishimoto
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshimi
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Yukiko Asami
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Atsushi Ihata
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan.,b Department of Rheumatology and Infectious disease , Minami Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Mari S Oba
- c Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Shinichiro Tsunoda
- d Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya, Hyogo , Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohno
- e Center for Rheumatic diseases, Yokohama City University Medical Center , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Atsuhisa Ueda
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takeno
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
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Hwang YG, Moreland LW. Induction therapy with combination TNF inhibitor and methotrexate in early rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2014; 16:417. [PMID: 24619653 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-014-0417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the introduction of more objective disease activity measures and the development of biological therapies, there were dramatic changes in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The combination therapy with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor and methotrexate (MTX) has unprecedentedly improved prognosis and outcomes, and very low disease activity or remission has been achievable goal in RA. Although the concept of remission induction and maintenance was first discussed in longstanding RA patients, several clinical trials have demonstrated that there is a therapeutic window of opportunity, and early effective control of inflammation in early RA could lead to less joint damage and better long-term outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that early combination therapy with TNF inhibitor and MTX leads to rapid clinical remission and thereby improved quality of life. Furthermore, remission status may be sustained in some patients even if a TNF inhibitor is discontinued after sustained remission in early RA patients. While there are many potential benefits of early remission induction therapy with the combination of a TNF inhibitor and MTX, the best therapeutic regimen and strategy for remission induction and maintenance in early RA remain controversial. There are no data to decide a priori when and in whom TNF blocker drugs are indicated in early disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD)-naïve RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gil Hwang
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, S703 Biomedical Science Tower, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,
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Mandl P, Kurucz R, Niedermayer D, Balint PV, Smolen JS. Contributions of ultrasound beyond clinical data in assessing inflammatory disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: current insights and future prospects. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:2136-42. [PMID: 24836013 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate measures of disease activity need to be valid, reliable and sensitive to change for use in clinical studies while remaining at the same time feasible and practicable for utilization in daily clinical practice. Ultrasonography was shown to be a valid, sensitive and reliable imaging modality for the detection of synovitis in RA, however, it has so far failed to demonstrate superior sensitivity to change as compared with clinical examination. This review examines the current evidence for the use of established measures and/or US, either as an alternative or as a supplementary measure to clinical examination, as tools for monitoring synovitis in RA. It also includes a summary of results of recent studies evaluating clinical examination-based as well as clinical- and US-based multimodal disease activity indices. We review the rationale and limitations of incorporating US into composite disease activity indices and suggest a research roadmap for further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mandl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 3rd Department of Rheumatology, National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary and 2nd Department of Medicine, Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Reka Kurucz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 3rd Department of Rheumatology, National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary and 2nd Department of Medicine, Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dora Niedermayer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 3rd Department of Rheumatology, National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary and 2nd Department of Medicine, Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter V Balint
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 3rd Department of Rheumatology, National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary and 2nd Department of Medicine, Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 3rd Department of Rheumatology, National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary and 2nd Department of Medicine, Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 3rd Department of Rheumatology, National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary and 2nd Department of Medicine, Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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Ikeda K, Koike T, Wakefield R, Emery P. Is the glass half full or half empty? Comment on the article by Gärtner et Al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1055-6. [PMID: 24757158 DOI: 10.1002/art.38321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ikeda
- Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Fukae J, Isobe M, Kitano A, Henmi M, Sakamoto F, Narita A, Ito T, Mitsuzaki A, Shimizu M, Tanimura K, Matsuhashi M, Kamishima T, Atsumi T, Koike T. Structural deterioration of finger joints with ultrasonographic synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients with clinical low disease activity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:1608-12. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Smolen JS, Landewé R, Breedveld FC, Buch M, Burmester G, Dougados M, Emery P, Gaujoux-Viala C, Gossec L, Nam J, Ramiro S, Winthrop K, de Wit M, Aletaha D, Betteridge N, Bijlsma JWJ, Boers M, Buttgereit F, Combe B, Cutolo M, Damjanov N, Hazes JMW, Kouloumas M, Kvien TK, Mariette X, Pavelka K, van Riel PLCM, Rubbert-Roth A, Scholte-Voshaar M, Scott DL, Sokka-Isler T, Wong JB, van der Heijde D. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2013 update. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73:492-509. [PMID: 24161836 PMCID: PMC3933074 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1433] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the 2010 European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (sDMARDs and bDMARDs, respectively) have been updated. The 2013 update has been developed by an international task force, which based its decisions mostly on evidence from three systematic literature reviews (one each on sDMARDs, including glucocorticoids, bDMARDs and safety aspects of DMARD therapy); treatment strategies were also covered by the searches. The evidence presented was discussed and summarised by the experts in the course of a consensus finding and voting process. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations were derived and levels of agreement (strengths of recommendations) were determined. Fourteen recommendations were developed (instead of 15 in 2010). Some of the 2010 recommendations were deleted, and others were amended or split. The recommendations cover general aspects, such as attainment of remission or low disease activity using a treat-to-target approach, and the need for shared decision-making between rheumatologists and patients. The more specific items relate to starting DMARD therapy using a conventional sDMARD (csDMARD) strategy in combination with glucocorticoids, followed by the addition of a bDMARD or another csDMARD strategy (after stratification by presence or absence of adverse risk factors) if the treatment target is not reached within 6 months (or improvement not seen at 3 months). Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, biosimilars), abatacept, tocilizumab and, under certain circumstances, rituximab are essentially considered to have similar efficacy and safety. If the first bDMARD strategy fails, any other bDMARD may be used. The recommendations also address tofacitinib as a targeted sDMARD (tsDMARD), which is recommended, where licensed, after use of at least one bDMARD. Biosimilars are also addressed. These recommendations are intended to inform rheumatologists, patients, national rheumatology societies and other stakeholders about EULAR's most recent consensus on the management of RA with sDMARDs, glucocorticoids and bDMARDs. They are based on evidence and expert opinion and intended to improve outcome in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Hietzing Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Landewé
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C Breedveld
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maya Buch
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Gerd Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical Immunology Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxime Dougados
- Department of Rheumatology B, Cochin Hospital, René Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Cécile Gaujoux-Viala
- Department of Rheumatology, Nîmes University Hospital, Montpellier I University, Nimes, France
| | - Laure Gossec
- Rheumatology Department, Paris 06 UPMC University, AP-HP, Pite-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jackie Nam
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Sofia Ramiro
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Kevin Winthrop
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Maarten de Wit
- EULAR Standing Committee of People with Arthritis/Rheumatism in Europe (PARE), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Aletaha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neil Betteridge
- EULAR Standing Committee of People with Arthritis/Rheumatism in Europe (PARE), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes W J Bijlsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Boers
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical Immunology Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernard Combe
- Service d'Immuno-Rhumatologie, Montpellier University, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Academic Clinical Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Nemanja Damjanov
- 2nd Hospital Department, Institute of Rheumatology, University of Belgrade Medical School, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Johanna M W Hazes
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marios Kouloumas
- EULAR Standing Committee of People with Arthritis/Rheumatism in Europe (PARE), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, AP-HP, and Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Institute of Rheumatology and Clinic of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Piet L C M van Riel
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke Scholte-Voshaar
- EULAR Standing Committee of People with Arthritis/Rheumatism in Europe (PARE), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David L Scott
- King's College School of Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
| | | | - John B Wong
- Division of Clinical Decision Making, Informatics and Telemedicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Porter D, Dale J, Sattar N. How low to aim in rheumatoid arthritis? Learning from other disciplines. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:480-2. [PMID: 24249809 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Treat-to-target strategies have been widely adopted as the standard of care for the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The concept of 'tight control' is prevalent in other disciplines, particularly in diabetes and cardiovascular risk management. In these disciplines, evidence has accumulated that the utility of tight control strategies must be carefully weighed against the disutility that may arise from multiple interventions, particularly in patients at low risk. There is a lively debate in rheumatology circles about whether treatment should be targeted at achieving low disease activity, clinical remission or imaging remission. As rheumatologists we should learn the lessons from other disciplines, and ensure that we expand the evidence base to ensure our recommendations are securely underpinned by robust evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Porter
- Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, , Glasgow, UK
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