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Ali EAM, Smaida R, Meyer M, Ou W, Li Z, Han Z, Benkirane-Jessel N, Gottenberg JE, Hua G. iPSCs chondrogenic differentiation for personalized regenerative medicine: a literature review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:185. [PMID: 38926793 PMCID: PMC11210138 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartilage, an important connective tissue, provides structural support to other body tissues, and serves as a cushion against impacts throughout the body. Found at the end of the bones, cartilage decreases friction and averts bone-on-bone contact during joint movement. Therefore, defects of cartilage can result from natural wear and tear, or from traumatic events, such as injuries or sudden changes in direction during sports activities. Overtime, these cartilage defects which do not always produce immediate symptoms, could lead to severe clinical pathologies. The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized the field of regenerative medicine, providing a promising platform for generating various cell types for therapeutic applications. Thus, chondrocytes differentiated from iPSCs become a promising avenue for non-invasive clinical interventions for cartilage injuries and diseases. In this review, we aim to highlight the current strategies used for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of iPSCs and to explore their multifaceted applications in disease modeling, drug screening, and personalized regenerative medicine. Achieving abundant functional iPSC-derived chondrocytes requires optimization of culture conditions, incorporating specific growth factors, and precise temporal control. Continual improvements in differentiation methods and integration of emerging genome editing, organoids, and 3D bioprinting technologies will enhance the translational applications of iPSC-derived chondrocytes. Finally, to unlock the benefits for patients suffering from cartilage diseases through iPSCs-derived technologies in chondrogenesis, automatic cell therapy manufacturing systems will not only reduce human intervention and ensure sterile processes within isolator-like platforms to minimize contamination risks, but also provide customized production processes with enhanced scalability and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eltahir Abdelrazig Mohamed Ali
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1260, Regenerative NanoMedicine (RNM), 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rana Smaida
- Lamina Therapeutics, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Morgane Meyer
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Lamina Therapeutics, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wenxin Ou
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares, Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Perinatal Stem Cells, Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1260, Regenerative NanoMedicine (RNM), 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Lamina Therapeutics, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jacques Eric Gottenberg
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares, Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1260, Regenerative NanoMedicine (RNM), 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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Klimak M, Cimino A, Lenz K, Springer L, Collins K, Harasymowicz N, Xu N, Pham C, Guilak F. Engineered Self-Regulating Macrophages for Targeted Anti-inflammatory Drug Delivery. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4385938. [PMID: 38854124 PMCID: PMC11160898 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4385938/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by increased levels of inflammation that primarily manifests in the joints. Macrophages act as key drivers for the progression of RA, contributing to the perpetuation of chronic inflammation and dysregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1). The goal of this study was to develop a macrophage-based cell therapy for biologic drug delivery in an autoregulated manner. Methods For proof-of-concept, we developed "smart" macrophages to mitigate the effects of IL-1 by delivering its inhibitor, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Bone marrow-derived macrophages were lentivirally transduced with a synthetic gene circuit that uses an NF-κB inducible promoter upstream of either the Il1rn or firefly luciferase transgenes. Two types of joint like cells were utilized to examine therapeutic protection in vitro, miPSCs derived cartilage and isolated primary mouse synovial fibroblasts while the K/BxN mouse model of RA was utilized to examine in vivo therapeutic protection. Results These engineered macrophages were able to repeatably produce therapeutic levels of IL-1Ra that could successfully mitigate inflammatory activation in co-culture with both tissue engineered cartilage constructs and synovial fibroblasts. Following injection in vivo, macrophages homed to sites of inflammation and mitigated disease severity in the K/BxN mouse model of RA. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the successful development of engineered macrophages that possess the ability for controlled, autoregulated production of IL-1 based on inflammatory signaling such as the NF-κB pathway to mitigate the effects of this cytokine for applications in RA or other inflammatory diseases. This system provides proof of concept for applications in other immune cell types as self-regulating delivery systems for therapeutic applications in a range of diseases.
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Dicks AR, Steward N, Guilak F, Wu CL. Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2598:87-114. [PMID: 36355287 PMCID: PMC9830630 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2839-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The generation of large quantities of genetically defined human chondrocytes remains a critical step for the development of tissue engineering strategies for cartilage regeneration and high-throughput drug screening. This protocol describes chondrogenic differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which can undergo genetic modification and the capacity for extensive cell expansion. The hiPSCs are differentiated in a stepwise manner in monolayer through the mesodermal lineage for 12 days using defined growth factors and small molecules. This is followed by 28 days of chondrogenic differentiation in a 3D pellet culture system using transforming growth factor beta 3 and specific compounds to inhibit off-target differentiation. The 6-week protocol results in hiPSC-derived cartilaginous tissue that can be characterized by histology, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression or enzymatically digested to isolate chondrocyte-like cells. Investigators can use this protocol for experiments including genetic engineering, in vitro disease modeling, or tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Dicks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nancy Steward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Yu Y, Wang J, Li Y, Chen Y, Cui W. Cartilaginous Organoids: Advances, Applications, and Perspectives. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery School of Medicine Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University 600 Yishan Road Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 197 Ruijin 2nd Road Shanghai 200025 P.R. China
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery School of Medicine Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University 600 Yishan Road Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Yunsu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery School of Medicine Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University 600 Yishan Road Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 197 Ruijin 2nd Road Shanghai 200025 P.R. China
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Al Jundi S, Martinez JR, Cresta J, Yousefi F, DeSantis G, Thoonkuzhy M, Rabut E, Mohanraj B, Mauck RL, Dodge GR. Identifying small molecules for protecting chondrocyte function and matrix integrity after controlled compressive injury. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2022; 4:100289. [PMID: 36474951 PMCID: PMC9718264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2022.100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Articular cartilage injury is central for the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). With few disease-modifying therapies successful at offsetting progressive osteoarthritis (OA), our goal is to use a high throughput screening platform of cartilage injury to identify novel chondroprotective compounds. Targeting articular cartilage damage immediately after injury remains a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome irreversible tissue damage. Method We constructed a single impact-cartilage screening method using a multi-platen system that simultaneously impacts 48 samples and makes use of engineered cartilage tissue analogs (known as CTAs). Drug libraries were screened and assessed for their ability to alter two crucial biological responses to impact injuries, namely matrix degradation and cell stress. Results Over 500 small molecules were screened for their ability to alter proteoglycan loss, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and cell stress or death. Fifty-five compounds passed through secondary screening and were from commercial libraries of natural and redox, stem cell related compounds, as well as protease, kinase and phosphatase inhibitors. Through secondary screening, 16 promising candidates exhibited activity on one or more critical function of chondrocytes. While many are mechanistically known compounds, their function in joint diseases is not known. Conclusion This platform was validated for screening drug activity against a tissue engineered model of PTOA. Multiple compounds identified in this manner have potential application as early protective therapy for treating PTOA, and require further study. We propose this screening platform can identify novel molecules that act on early chondrocyte responses to injury and provide an invaluable tool for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Al Jundi
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jerahme R. Martinez
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jake Cresta
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Farzad Yousefi
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, USA
| | - Gabriel DeSantis
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, USA
| | - Matthew Thoonkuzhy
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, USA
| | - Emilie Rabut
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bhavana Mohanraj
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, USA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mechano Therapeutics, LLC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George R. Dodge
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mechano Therapeutics, LLC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Foster NC, Hall NM, El Haj AJ. Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Cartilage Model Platforms for Drug Evaluation and High-Throughput Screening Assays. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:421-436. [PMID: 34010074 PMCID: PMC7612674 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a severely painful and debilitating disease of the joint, which brings about degradation of the articular cartilage and currently has few therapeutic solutions. Two-dimensional (2D) high-throughput screening (HTS) assays have been widely used to identify candidate drugs with therapeutic potential for the treatment of OA. A number of small molecules which improve the chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells for tissue engineering applications have also been discovered in this way. However, due to the failure of these models to accurately represent the native joint environment, the efficacy of these drugs has been limited in vivo. Screening systems utilizing three-dimensional (3D) models, which more closely reflect the tissue and its complex cell and molecular interactions, have also been described. However, the vast majority of these systems fail to recapitulate the complex, zonal structure of articular cartilage and its unique cell population. This review summarizes current 2D HTS techniques and addresses the question of how to use existing 3D models of tissue-engineered cartilage to create 3D drug screening platforms with improved outcomes. Impact statement Currently, the use of two-dimensional (2D) screening platforms in drug discovery is common practice. However, these systems often fail to predict efficacy in vivo, as they do not accurately represent the complexity of the native three-dimensional (3D) environment. This article describes existing 2D and 3D high-throughput systems used to identify small molecules for osteoarthritis treatment or in vitro chondrogenic differentiation, and suggests ways to improve the efficacy of these systems based on the most recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole M Hall
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia J El Haj
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TH
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Pharmaceutical therapeutics for articular regeneration and restoration: state-of-the-art technology for screening small molecular drugs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8127-8155. [PMID: 34783870 PMCID: PMC8593173 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage damage caused by sports injury or osteoarthritis (OA) has gained increased attention as a worldwide health burden. Pharmaceutical treatments are considered cost-effective means of promoting cartilage regeneration, but are limited by their inability to generate sufficient functional chondrocytes and modify disease progression. Small molecular chemical compounds are an abundant source of new pharmaceutical therapeutics for cartilage regeneration, as they have advantages in design, fabrication, and application, and, when used in combination, act as powerful tools for manipulating cellular fate. In this review, we present current achievements in the development of small molecular drugs for cartilage regeneration, particularly in the fields of chondrocyte generation and reversion of chondrocyte degenerative phenotypes. Several clinically or preclinically available small molecules, which have been shown to facilitate chondrogenesis, chondrocyte dedifferentiation, and cellular reprogramming, and subsequently ameliorate cartilage degeneration by targeting inflammation, matrix degradation, metabolism, and epigenetics, are summarized. Notably, this review introduces essential parameters for high-throughput screening strategies, including models of different chondrogenic cell sources, phenotype readout methodologies, and transferable advanced systems from other fields. Overall, this review provides new insights into future pharmaceutical therapies for cartilage regeneration.
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8
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Hwang JJ, Choi J, Rim YA, Nam Y, Ju JH. Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and 3D Model Construction: Focus on Osteoarthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113032. [PMID: 34831254 PMCID: PMC8622662 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in 2006, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have shown promising potential, specifically because of their accessibility and plasticity. Hence, the clinical applicability of iPSCs was investigated in various fields of research. However, only a few iPSC studies pertaining to osteoarthritis (OA) have been performed so far, despite the high prevalence rate of degenerative joint disease. In this review, we discuss some of the most recent applications of iPSCs in disease modeling and the construction of 3D models in various fields, specifically focusing on osteoarthritis and OA-related conditions. Notably, we comprehensively reviewed the successful results of iPSC-derived disease models in recapitulating OA phenotypes for both OA and early-onset OA to encompass their broad etiology. Moreover, the latest publications with protocols that have used iPSCs to construct 3D models in recapitulating various conditions, particularly the OA environment, were further discussed. With the overall optimistic results seen in both fields, iPSCs are expected to be more widely used for OA disease modeling and 3D model construction, which could further expand OA drug screening, risk assessment, and therapeutic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jihwan Hwang
- College of Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | - Jinhyeok Choi
- YiPSCELL, Inc., 39 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06579, Korea; (J.C.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Yoojun Nam
- YiPSCELL, Inc., 39 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06579, Korea; (J.C.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- YiPSCELL, Inc., 39 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06579, Korea; (J.C.); (Y.N.)
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence:
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9
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Atkinson SP. A Previews of Selected Articles. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Klimak M, Nims RJ, Pferdehirt L, Collins KH, Harasymowicz NS, Oswald SJ, Setton LA, Guilak F. Immunoengineering the next generation of arthritis therapies. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:74-86. [PMID: 33823324 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunoengineering continues to revolutionize healthcare, generating new approaches for treating previously intractable diseases, particularly in regard to cancer immunotherapy. In joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), biomaterials and anti-cytokine treatments have previously been at that forefront of therapeutic innovation. However, while many of the existing anti-cytokine treatments are successful for a subset of patients, these treatments can also pose severe risks, adverse events and off-target effects due to continuous delivery at high dosages or a lack of disease-specific targets. The inadequacy of these current treatments has motivated the development of new immunoengineering strategies that offer safer and more efficacious alternative therapies through the precise and controlled targeting of specific upstream immune responses, including direct and mechanistically-driven immunoengineering approaches. Advances in the understanding of the immunomodulatory pathways involved in musculoskeletal disease, in combination with the growing emphasis on personalized medicine, stress the need for carefully considering the delivery strategies and therapeutic targets when designing therapeutics to better treat RA and OA. Here, we focus on recent advances in biomaterial and cell-based immunomodulation, in combination with genetic engineering, for therapeutic applications in joint diseases. The application of immunoengineering principles to the study of joint disease will not only help to elucidate the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis but will also generate novel disease-specific therapeutics by harnessing cellular and biomaterial responses. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: It is now apparent that joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis involve the immune system at both local (i.e., within the joint) and systemic levels. In this regard, targeting the immune system using both biomaterial-based or cellular approaches may generate new joint-specific treatment strategies that are well-controlled, safe, and efficacious. In this review, we focus on recent advances in immunoengineering that leverage biomaterials and/or genetically engineered cells for therapeutic applications in joint diseases. The application of such approaches, especially synergistic strategies that target multiple immunoregulatory pathways, has the potential to revolutionize our understanding, treatment, and prevention of joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Klimak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert J Nims
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lara Pferdehirt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelsey H Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natalia S Harasymowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sara J Oswald
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lori A Setton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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11
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Willard VP, Leddy HA, Palmer D, Wu CL, Liedtke W, Guilak F. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 as a regulator of induced pluripotent stem cell chondrogenesis. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1447-1456. [PMID: 34427363 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a polymodal calcium-permeable cation channel that is highly expressed in cartilage and is sensitive to a variety of extracellular stimuli. The expression of this channel has been associated with the process of chondrogenesis in adult stem cells as well as several cell lines. Here, we used a chondrogenic reporter (Col2a1-GFP) in murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to examine the hypothesis that TRPV4 serves as both a marker and a regulator of chondrogenesis. Over 21 days of chondrogenesis, iPSCs showed significant increases in Trpv4 expression along with the standard chondrogenic gene markers Sox9, Acan, and Col2a1, particularly in the green fluorescent protein positive (GFP+) chondroprogenitor subpopulation. Increased gene expression for Trpv4 was also reflected by the presence of TRPV4 protein and functional Ca2+ signaling. Daily activation of TRPV4 using the specific agonist GSK1016790A resulted in significant increases in cartilaginous matrix production. An improved understanding of the role of TRPV4 in chondrogenesis may provide new insights into the development of new therapeutic approaches for diseases of cartilage, such as osteoarthritis, or channelopathies and hereditary disorders that affect cartilage during development. Harnessing the role of TRPV4 in chondrogenesis may also provide a novel approach for accelerating stem cell differentiation in functional tissue engineering of cartilage replacements for joint repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly A Leddy
- Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Farshid Guilak
- Cytex Therapeutics, Inc, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Li Z, Huang Z, Bai L. Cell Interplay in Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720477. [PMID: 34414194 PMCID: PMC8369508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease and a significant health concern that needs to be urgently solved. OA affects the cartilage and entire joint tissues, including the subchondral bone, synovium, and infrapatellar fat pads. The physiological and pathological changes in these tissues affect the occurrence and development of OA. Understanding complex crosstalk among different joint tissues and their roles in OA initiation and progression is critical in elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of OA. In this review, we begin with an overview of the role of chondrocytes, synovial cells (synovial fibroblasts and macrophages), mast cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, various stem cells, and engineered cells (induced pluripotent stem cells) in OA pathogenesis. Then, we discuss the various mechanisms by which these cells communicate, including paracrine signaling, local microenvironment, co-culture, extracellular vesicles (exosomes), and cell tissue engineering. We particularly focus on the therapeutic potential and clinical applications of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, which serve as modulators of cell-to-cell communication, in the field of regenerative medicine, such as cartilage repair. Finally, the challenges and limitations related to exosome-based treatment for OA are discussed. This article provides a comprehensive summary of key cells that might be targets of future therapies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Foreign Languages College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Csobonyeiova M, Polak S, Nicodemou A, Zamborsky R, Danisovic L. iPSCs in Modeling and Therapy of Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:186. [PMID: 33673154 PMCID: PMC7917981 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) belongs to chronic degenerative disorders and is often a leading cause of disability in elderly patients. Typically, OA is manifested by articular cartilage erosion, pain, stiffness, and crepitus. Currently, the treatment options are limited, relying mostly on pharmacological therapy, which is often related to numerous complications. The proper management of the disease is challenging because of the poor regenerative capacity of articular cartilage. During the last decade, cell-based approaches such as implantation of autologous chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising results. However, the mentioned techniques face their hurdles (cell harvesting, low proliferation capacity). The invention of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has created new opportunities to increase the efficacy of the cartilage healing process. iPSCs may represent an unlimited source of chondrocytes derived from a patient's somatic cells, circumventing ethical and immunological issues. Aside from the regenerative potential of iPSCs, stem cell-derived cartilage tissue models could be a useful tool for studying the pathological process of OA. In our recent article, we reviewed the progress in chondrocyte differentiation techniques, disease modeling, and the current status of iPSC-based regenerative therapy of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Csobonyeiova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefan Polak
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Andreas Nicodemou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Radoslav Zamborsky
- National Institute of Children’s Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbova 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Regenmed Ltd., Medena 29, 811 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
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14
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Rim YA, Nam Y, Park N, Lee K, Jung H, Jung SM, Lee J, Ju JH. Characterization of Early-Onset Finger Osteoarthritis-Like Condition Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020317. [PMID: 33557199 PMCID: PMC7913990 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early osteoarthritis (OA)-like symptoms are difficult to study owing to the lack of disease samples and animal models. In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from a patient with a radiographic early-onset finger osteoarthritis (efOA)-like condition in the distal interphalangeal joint and her healthy sibling. We differentiated those cells with similar genetic backgrounds into chondrogenic pellets (CPs) to confirm efOA. CPs generated from efOA-hiPSCs (efOA-CPs) showed lower levels of COL2A1, which is a key marker of hyaline cartilage after complete differentiation, for 21 days. Increase in pellet size and vacuole-like morphologies within the pellets were observed in the efOA-CPs. To analyze the changes occurred during the development of vacuole-like morphology and the increase in pellet size in efOA-CPs, we analyzed the expression of OA-related markers on day 7 of differentiation and showed an increase in the levels of COL1A1, RUNX2, VEGFA, and AQP1 in efOA-CPs. IL-6, MMP1, and MMP10 levels were also increased in the efOA-CPs. Taken together, we present proof-of-concept regarding disease modeling of a unique patient who showed OA-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeri Alice Rim
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.A.R.); (Y.N.); (N.P.); (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Yoojun Nam
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.A.R.); (Y.N.); (N.P.); (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Narae Park
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.A.R.); (Y.N.); (N.P.); (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Kijun Lee
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.A.R.); (Y.N.); (N.P.); (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Hyerin Jung
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.A.R.); (Y.N.); (N.P.); (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Seung Min Jung
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.A.R.); (Y.N.); (N.P.); (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.A.R.); (Y.N.); (N.P.); (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.M.J.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6895
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15
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Neidlin M, Chantzi E, Macheras G, Gustafsson MG, Alexopoulos LG. A Novel Multiplex Based Platform for Osteoarthritis Drug Candidate Evaluation. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:2438-2448. [PMID: 32472364 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by irreversible cartilage degradation with very limited therapeutic interventions. Drug candidates targeted at prototypic players had limited success until now and systems based approaches might be necessary. Consequently, drug evaluation platforms should consider the biological complexity looking beyond well-known contributors of OA. In this study an ex vivo model of cartilage degradation, combined with measuring releases of 27 proteins, was utilized to study 9 drug candidates. After an initial single drug evaluation step the 3 most promising compounds were selected and employed in an exhaustive combinatorial experiment. The resulting most and least promising treatment candidates were selected and validated in an independent study. This included estimation of mechanical properties via finite element modelling (FEM) and quantification of cartilage degradation as glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release. The most promising candidate showed increase of Young's modulus, decrease of hydraulic permeability and decrease of GAG release. The least promising candidate exhibited the opposite behaviour. The study shows the potential of a novel drug evaluation platform in identifying treatments that might reduce cartilage degradation. It also demonstrates the promise of exhaustive combination experiments and a connection between chondrocyte responses at the molecular level with changes of biomechanical properties at the tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Neidlin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780, Zografou, Greece
| | - Efthymia Chantzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780, Zografou, Greece.
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16
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Ross AK, Coutinho de Almeida R, Ramos YFM, Li J, Meulenbelt I, Guilak F. The miRNA-mRNA interactome of murine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived chondrocytes in response to inflammatory cytokines. FASEB J 2020; 34:11546-11561. [PMID: 32767602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000889r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, and inflammation within an arthritic joint plays a critical role in disease progression. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically IL-1 and TNF-α, induce aberrant expression of catabolic and degradative enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in OA and result in a challenging environment for cartilage repair and regeneration. MicroRNAs (miRNAS) are small noncoding RNAs and are important regulatory molecules that act by binding to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to reduce protein synthesis and have been implicated in many diseases, including OA. The goal of this study was to understand the mechanisms of miRNA regulation of the transcriptome of tissue-engineered cartilage in response to IL-1β and TNF-α using an in vitro murine induced pluripotent stem cell (miPSC) model system. We performed miRNA and mRNA sequencing to determine the temporal and dynamic responses of genes to specific inflammatory cytokines as well as miRNAs that are differentially expressed (DE) in response to both cytokines or exclusively to IL-1β or TNF-α. Through integration of mRNA and miRNA sequencing data, we created networks of miRNA-mRNA interactions which may be controlling the response to inflammatory cytokines. Within the networks, hub miRNAs, miR-29b-3p, miR-17-5p, and miR-20a-5p, were identified. As validation of these findings, we found that delivery of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p mimics significantly decreased degradative enzyme activity levels while also decreasing expression of inflammation-related genes in cytokine-treated cells. This study utilized an integrative approach to determine the miRNA interactome controlling the response to inflammatory cytokines and novel mediators of inflammation-driven degradation in tissue-engineered cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Ross
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rodrigo Coutinho de Almeida
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jiehan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Rostami Z, Khorashadizadeh M, Naseri M. Immunoregulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells: Micro-RNAs. Immunol Lett 2020; 219:34-45. [PMID: 31917251 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are excellent candidates for different cellular therapies due to their physiological properties such as immunoregulatory function. whetheare currently utilized for regenerative medication and treatment of a number of inflammatory illnesses given their ability to considerably impact tissue microenvironments via extracellular vesicles or toll-like receptor pathway modulation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that target the messenger RNA and play a critical role in different biological procedures, such as the development and reaction of the immune system. Moreover, miRNAs have recently been revealed to have serious functions in MSCs to regulate immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we study how the miRNAs pathway can modulate the immunoregulatory activity of MSCs by counting their interactions with immune cells and also discuss the possibility of using miRNA-based implications for MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khorashadizadeh
- Medical Biotechnology (PhD), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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18
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Pferdehirt L, Ross AK, Brunger JM, Guilak F. A Synthetic Gene Circuit for Self-Regulating Delivery of Biologic Drugs in Engineered Tissues. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:809-820. [PMID: 30968743 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT We engineered a synthetic transcription system based on nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling that can attenuate the effects of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1α in a self-regulating manner. This system responds in a time- and dose-dependent manner to rapidly produce therapeutic levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). The use of lentiviral gene therapy allows this system to be utilized through different transduction methods and in different cell types for a variety of applications. Broadly, this approach may be applicable in developing autoregulated biologic systems for tissue engineering and drug delivery in a range of disease applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pferdehirt
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri.,4 Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Alison K Ross
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri.,4 Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- 5 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Farshid Guilak
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri.,4 Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri
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19
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D'Costa S, Rich MJ, Diekman BO. Engineered Cartilage from Human Chondrocytes with Homozygous Knockout of Cell Cycle Inhibitor p21. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 26:441-449. [PMID: 31642391 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease with limited treatment options. The search for disease-modifying OA therapies would benefit from a more comprehensive knowledge of the genetic variants that contribute to chondrocyte dysfunction and the barriers to cartilage regeneration. One goal of this study was to establish a system for producing engineered cartilage tissue from genetically defined primary human chondrocytes through genome editing and single-cell expansion. This process was utilized to investigate the functional effect of biallelic knockout of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. The use of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) CRISPR/Cas9 complexes targeting two sites in the coding region of p21 resulted in a high frequency (16%) of colonies with homozygous p21 knockout. Chondrogenic pellet cultures from expanded chondrocytes with complete loss of p21 produced more glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and maintained a higher cell number. Single-cell-derived colonies retained the potential for robust matrix production after expansion, allowing for analysis of colony variability from the same population of targeted cells. The effect of enhanced cartilage matrix production in p21 knockout chondrocytes persisted when matrix production from individual colonies was analyzed. Chondrocytes had lower levels of p21 protein with further expansion, and the difference in GAG production with p21 knockout was strongest at early passages. These results support previous findings that implicate p21 as a barrier to cartilage matrix production and regenerative capacity. Furthermore, this work establishes the use of genome-edited human chondrocytes as a promising approach for engineered tissue models containing user-defined gene knockouts and other genetic variants for investigation of OA pathogenesis. Impact Statement This work provides two important advances to the field of tissue engineering. One is the demonstration that engineered cartilage tissue can be produced from genetically defined populations of primary human chondrocytes. While CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing has been extensively used in cell lines that divide indefinitely, this work extends the technique to an engineered tissue model system to support investigation of genetic changes that affect cartilage production. A second contribution is the finding that chondrocytes with p21 knockout synthesized more cartilage matrix tissue than unedited controls. This supports the continued investigation of p21 as a potential barrier to effective cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D'Costa
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J Rich
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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20
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Choi YR, Collins KH, Lee JW, Kang HJ, Guilak F. Genome Engineering for Osteoarthritis: From Designer Cells to Disease-Modifying Drugs. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:335-343. [PMID: 31413938 PMCID: PMC6675820 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent degenerative joint disease involving joint cartilage and its surrounding tissues. OA is the leading cause of pain and disability worldwide. At present, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs, and the primary therapies include exercise and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs until total joint replacement at the end-stage of the disease. METHODS In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge in genetic and epigenetic associations and risk factors for OA and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. RESULTS Genome-wide association studies and analysis of epigenetic modifications (such as miRNA expression, DNA methylation and histone modifications) conducted across various populations support the notion that there is a genetic basis for certain subsets of OA pathogenesis. CONCLUSION With recent advances in the development of genome editing technologies such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, these genetic and epigenetic alternations in OA can be used as platforms from which potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, drug response, and development of potential personalized therapeutic targets for OA can be approached. Furthermore, genome editing has allowed the development of "designer" cells, whereby the receptors, gene regulatory networks, or transgenes can be modified as a basis for new cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Rak Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, 4400 Clayton Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Kelsey H. Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, 4400 Clayton Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jung Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, 4400 Clayton Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Campus Box 8233, McKinley Research Bldg, Room 3121, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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21
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Guilak F, Pferdehirt L, Ross AK, Choi YR, Collins KH, Nims RJ, Katz DB, Klimak M, Tabbaa S, Pham CT. Designer Stem Cells: Genome Engineering and the Next Generation of Cell-Based Therapies. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1287-1293. [PMID: 30977548 PMCID: PMC6546536 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells provide tremendous promise for the development of new therapeutic approaches for musculoskeletal conditions. In addition to their multipotency, certain types of stem cells exhibit immunomodulatory effects that can mitigate inflammation and enhance tissue repair. However, the translation of stem cell therapies to clinical practice has proven difficult due to challenges in intradonor and interdonor variability, engraftment, variability in recipient microenvironment and patient indications, and limited therapeutic biological activity. In this regard, the success of stem cell-based therapies may benefit from cellular engineering approaches to enhance factors such as purification, homing and cell survival, trophic effects, or immunomodulatory signaling. By combining recent advances in gene editing, synthetic biology, and tissue engineering, the potential exists to create new classes of "designer" cells that have prescribed cell-surface molecules and receptors as well as synthetic gene circuits that provide for autoregulated drug delivery or enhanced tissue repair. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1287-1293, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,Correspondence: Farshid Guilak, Ph.D. Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Campus Box 8233, McKinley Research Bldg, Room 3121, St. Louis, MO 63110-1624.
| | - Lara Pferdehirt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Alison K. Ross
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yun-Rak Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kelsey H. Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Robert J. Nims
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dakota B. Katz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Molly Klimak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Christine T.N. Pham
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110
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22
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Mehranfar S, Abdi Rad I, Mostafavi E, Akbarzadeh A. The use of stromal vascular fraction (SVF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stem cells in the treatment of osteoarthritis: an overview of clinical trials. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:882-890. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1576710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mehranfar
- Department of Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Isa Abdi Rad
- Department of Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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23
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Malemud CJ. Inhibition of MMPs and ADAM/ADAMTS. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:33-40. [PMID: 30826330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motif (ADAMTS) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that play a critical role in the destruction of extracellular matrix proteins and, the shedding of membrane-bound receptor molecules in various forms of arthritis and other diseases. Under normal conditions, MMP, ADAM and ADAMTS gene expression aids in the maintenance of homeostasis. However, in inflamed synovial joints characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. MMP, ADAM and ADAMTS production is greatly increased under the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Analyses based on medicinal chemistry strategies designed to directly inhibit the activity of MMPs have been largely unsuccessful when these MMP inhibitors were employed in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. This is despite the fact that these MMP inhibitors were largely able to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced MMP production in vitro. A focus on ADAM and ADAMTS inhibitors has also been pursued. Thus, recent progress has identified the "sheddase" activity of ADAMs as a viable target and the development of GW280264X is an experimental ADAM17 inhibitor. Of note, a monoclonal antibody, GLPG1972, developed as an ADAMTS-5 inhibitor, entered a Phase I OA clinical trial. However, the failure of many of these previously developed inhibitors to move beyond the preclinical testing phase has required that novel strategies be developed that are designed to suppress both MMP, ADAM and ADAMTS production and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Malemud
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Foley Medical Building, 2061 Cornell Road, Room 207, Cleveland, OH 44106-5076, United States.
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24
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Mohanraj B, Huang AH, Yeger-McKeever MJ, Schmidt MJ, Dodge GR, Mauck RL. Chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell derived engineered cartilage exhibits differential sensitivity to pro-inflammatory cytokines. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2901-2910. [PMID: 29809295 PMCID: PMC7735382 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising approach for the repair of articular cartilage defects, with engineered constructs emerging that match native tissue properties. However, the inflammatory environment of the damaged joint might compromise outcomes, and this may be impacted by the choice of cell source in terms of their ability to operate anabolically in an inflamed environment. Here, we compared the response of engineered cartilage derived from native chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to challenge by TNFα and IL-1β in order to determine if either cell type possessed an inherent advantage. Compositional (extracellular matrix) and functional (mechanical) characteristics, as well as the release of catabolic mediators (matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs], nitric oxide [NO]) were assessed to determine cell- and tissue-level changes following exposure to IL-1β or TNF-α. Results demonstrated that MSC-derived constructs were more sensitive to inflammatory mediators than chondrocyte-derived constructs, exhibiting a greater loss of proteoglycans and functional properties at lower cytokine concentrations. While MSCs and chondrocytes both have the capacity to form functional engineered cartilage in vitro, this study suggests that the presence of an inflammatory environment is more likely to impair the in vivo success of MSC-derived cartilage repair. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2901-2910, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Mohanraj
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 19104,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 19104
| | - Alice H. Huang
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 19104,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 19104
| | - Meira J. Yeger-McKeever
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 19104
| | - Megan J. Schmidt
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 19104
| | - George R. Dodge
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 19104,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 19104,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 19104,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 19104,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Address for Correspondence: Robert L. Mauck, Ph.D., Mary Black Ralston Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Professor of Bioengineering, Director, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 114A Stemmler Hall, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, Phone: 215-898-3294,
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25
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Adkar SS, Wu CL, Willard VP, Dicks A, Ettyreddy A, Steward N, Bhutani N, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Step-Wise Chondrogenesis of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Purification Via a Reporter Allele Generated by CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing. Stem Cells 2018; 37:65-76. [PMID: 30378731 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to prescribed cell fates enables the engineering of patient-specific tissue types, such as hyaline cartilage, for applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening. In many cases, however, these differentiation approaches are poorly controlled and generate heterogeneous cell populations. Here, we demonstrate cartilaginous matrix production in three unique hiPSC lines using a robust and reproducible differentiation protocol. To purify chondroprogenitors (CPs) produced by this protocol, we engineered a COL2A1-GFP knock-in reporter hiPSC line by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Purified CPs demonstrated an improved chondrogenic capacity compared with unselected populations. The ability to enrich for CPs and generate homogenous matrix without contaminating cell types will be essential for regenerative and disease modeling applications. Stem Cells 2019;37:65-76.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak S Adkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Amanda Dicks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adarsh Ettyreddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy Steward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nidhi Bhutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Cytex Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Tang R, Jing L, Willard VP, Wu CL, Guilak F, Chen J, Setton LA. Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into nucleus pulposus-like cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018. [PMID: 29523190 PMCID: PMC5845143 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is characterized by an early decrease in cellularity of the nucleus pulposus (NP) region, and associated extracellular matrix changes, reduced hydration, and progressive degeneration. Cell-based IVD therapy has emerged as an area of great interest, with studies reporting regenerative potential for many cell sources, including autologous or allogeneic chondrocytes, primary IVD cells, and stem cells. Few approaches, however, have clear strategies to promote the NP phenotype, in part due to a limited knowledge of the defined markers and differentiation protocols for this lineage. Here, we developed a new protocol for the efficient differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into NP-like cells in vitro. This differentiation strategy derives from our knowledge of the embryonic notochordal lineage of NP cells as well as strategies used to support healthy NP cell phenotypes for primary cells in vitro. Methods An NP-genic phenotype of hiPSCs was promoted in undifferentiated hiPSCs using a stepwise, directed differentiation toward mesodermal, and subsequently notochordal, lineages via chemically defined medium and growth factor supplementation. Fluorescent cell imaging was used to test for pluripotency markers in undifferentiated cells. RT-PCR was used to test for potential cell lineages at the early stage of differentiation. Cells were checked for NP differentiation using immunohistochemistry and histological staining at the end of differentiation. To enrich notochordal progenitor cells, hiPSCs were transduced using lentivirus containing reporter constructs for transcription factor brachyury (T) promoter and green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence, and then sorted on T expression based on GFP intensity by flow cytometry. Results Periods of pellet culture following initial induction were shown to promote the vacuolated NP cell morphology and NP surface marker expression, including CD24, LMα5, and Basp1. Enrichment of brachyury (T) positive cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting was shown to further enhance the differentiation efficiency of NP-like cells. Conclusions The ability to efficiently differentiate human iPSCs toward NP-like cells may provide insights into the processes of NP cell differentiation and provide a cell source for the development of new therapies for IVD diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0797-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhang Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Liufang Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | | | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Cytex Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lori A Setton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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27
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Adkar SS, Brunger JM, Willard VP, Wu CL, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Genome Engineering for Personalized Arthritis Therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:917-931. [PMID: 28887050 PMCID: PMC5657581 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arthritis represents a family of complex joint pathologies responsible for the majority of musculoskeletal conditions. Nearly all diseases within this family, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, are chronic conditions with few or no disease-modifying therapeutics available. Advances in genome engineering technology, most recently with CRISPR-Cas9, have revolutionized our ability to interrogate and validate genetic and epigenetic elements associated with chronic diseases such as arthritis. These technologies, together with cell reprogramming methods, including the use of induced pluripotent stem cells, provide a platform for human disease modeling. We summarize new evidence from genome-wide association studies and genomics that substantiates a genetic basis for arthritis pathogenesis. We also review the potential contributions of genome engineering in the development of new arthritis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak S Adkar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Cytex Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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28
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Han B, Nia HT, Wang C, Chandrasekaran P, Li Q, Chery DR, Li H, Grodzinsky AJ, Han L. AFM-Nanomechanical Test: An Interdisciplinary Tool That Links the Understanding of Cartilage and Meniscus Biomechanics, Osteoarthritis Degeneration, and Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2033-2049. [PMID: 31423463 PMCID: PMC6697429 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our objective is to provide an in-depth review of the recent technical advances of atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanomechanical tests and their contribution to a better understanding and diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA), as well as the repair of tissues undergoing degeneration during OA progression. We first summarize a range of technical approaches for AFM-based nanoindentation, including considerations in both experimental design and data analysis. We then provide a more detailed description of two recently developed modes of AFM-nanoindentation, a high-bandwidth nanorheometer system for studying poroviscoelasticity and an immunofluorescence-guided nanomechanical mapping technique for delineating the pericellular matrix (PCM) and territorial/interterritorial matrix (T/IT-ECM) of surrounding cells in connective tissues. Next, we summarize recent applications of these approaches to three aspects of joint-related healthcare and disease: cartilage aging and OA, developmental biology and OA pathogenesis in murine models, and nanomechanics of the meniscus. These studies were performed over a hierarchy of length scales, from the molecular, cellular to the whole tissue level. The advances described here have contributed greatly to advancing the fundamental knowledge base for improved understanding, detection, and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hadi T. Nia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Prashant Chandrasekaran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Qing Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daphney R. Chery
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hao Li
- College of Architecture and the Built Environment, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19144, United States
| | - Alan J. Grodzinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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29
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The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells as a tool to study skeletal dysplasias and cartilage-related pathologic conditions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:616-624. [PMID: 27919783 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has opened up new horizons for development of new research tools especially for skeletal dysplasias, which often lack human disease models. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering could be the next areas to benefit from refinement of iPSC methods to repair focal cartilage defects, while applications for osteoarthritis (OA) and drug screening have evolved rather slowly. Although the advances in iPSC research of skeletal dysplasias and repair of focal cartilage lesions are not directly relevant to OA, they can be considered to pave the way to future prospects and solutions to OA research, too. The same problems which face the present cell-based treatments of cartilage injuries concern also the iPSC-based ones. However, established iPSC lines, which have no genomic aberrations and which efficiently differentiate into extracellular matrix secreting chondrocytes, could be an invaluable cell source for cell transplantations in the future. The safety issues concerning the recipient risks of teratoma formation and immune response still have to be solved before the potential use of iPSCs in cartilage repair of focal cartilage defects and OA.
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30
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Silverstein AM, Stoker AM, Ateshian GA, Bulinski JC, Cook JL, Hung CT. Transient expression of the diseased phenotype of osteoarthritic chondrocytes in engineered cartilage. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:829-836. [PMID: 27183499 PMCID: PMC5383531 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the degradation of osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage in post-traumatic OA (PTOA), these tissues are challenging to study and manipulate in vitro. In this study, chondrocytes isolated from either PTOA (meniscal-release (MR) model) or normal (contralateral limb) cartilage of canine knee joints were used to form micropellets to assess the maintenance of the OA chondrocyte phenotype in vitro. Media samples from the micropellet cultures were used to measure matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), chemokine, and cytokine concentrations. Significant differences in matrix synthesis were observed as a function of disease with OA chondrocytes generally synthesizing more extracellular matrix with increasing time in culture. No donor dependent differences were detected. Luminex multiplex analysis of pellet culture media showed disease and time-dependent differences in interleukin (IL)-8, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC)-like protein, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3, which are differentially expressed in OA. This memory of their diseased phenotype persists for the first 2 weeks of culture. These results demonstrate the potential to use chondrocytes from an animal model of OA to study phenotype alterations during the progression and treatment of OA. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:829-836, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Silverstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York 10027
| | - Aaron M. Stoker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gerard A. Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York 10027,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - J. Chloe Bulinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - James L. Cook
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York 10027
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31
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Brunger JM, Zutshi A, Willard VP, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Engineering Inflammation-Resistant Tissues. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1111-1121. [PMID: 27813286 DOI: 10.1002/art.39982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) are found in elevated levels in diseased or injured tissues and promote rapid tissue degradation while preventing stem cell differentiation. This study was undertaken to engineer inflammation-resistant murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through deletion of the IL-1 signaling pathway and to demonstrate the utility of these cells for engineering replacements for diseased or damaged tissues. METHODS Targeted deletion of the IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) gene in murine iPSCs was achieved using the RNA-guided, site-specific clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome engineering system. Clonal cell populations with homozygous and heterozygous deletions were isolated, and loss of receptor expression and cytokine signaling was confirmed by flow cytometry and transcriptional reporter assays, respectively. Cartilage was engineered from edited iPSCs and tested for its ability to resist IL-1-mediated degradation in gene expression, histologic, and biomechanical assays after a 3-day treatment with 1 ng/ml of IL-1α. RESULTS Three of 41 clones isolated possessed the IL-1RI+/- genotype. Four clones possessed the IL-1RI-/- genotype, and flow cytometry confirmed loss of IL-1RI on the surface of these cells, which led to an absence of NF-κB transcription activation after IL-1α treatment. Cartilage engineered from homozygous null clones was resistant to cytokine-mediated tissue degradation. In contrast, cartilage derived from wild-type and heterozygous clones exhibited significant degradative responses, highlighting the need for complete IL-1 blockade. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates proof-of-concept of the ability to engineer custom-designed stem cells that are immune to proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1) as a potential cell source for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Farshid Guilak
- Washington University and Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri
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32
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O'Conor CJ, Ramalingam S, Zelenski NA, Benefield HC, Rigo I, Little D, Wu CL, Chen D, Liedtke W, McNulty AL, Guilak F. Cartilage-Specific Knockout of the Mechanosensory Ion Channel TRPV4 Decreases Age-Related Osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29053. [PMID: 27388701 PMCID: PMC4937413 DOI: 10.1038/srep29053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease of articular cartilage and surrounding tissues, and is associated with both advanced age and joint injury. Biomechanical factors play a critical role in the onset and progression of OA, yet the mechanisms through which physiologic or pathologic mechanical signals are transduced into a cellular response are not well understood. Defining the role of mechanosensory pathways in cartilage during OA pathogenesis may yield novel strategies or targets for the treatment of OA. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel transduces mechanical loading of articular cartilage via the generation of intracellular calcium ion transients. Using tissue-specific, inducible Trpv4 gene-targeted mice, we demonstrate that loss of TRPV4-mediated cartilage mechanotransduction in adulthood reduces the severity of aging-associated OA. However, loss of chondrocyte TRPV4 did not prevent OA development following destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). These results highlight potentially distinct roles of TRPV4-mediated cartilage mechanotransduction in age-related and post-traumatic OA, and point to a novel disease-modifying strategy to therapeutically target the TRPV4-mediated mechanotransduction pathway for the treatment of aging-associated OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Conor
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA.,UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Nicole A Zelenski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Halei C Benefield
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Isaura Rigo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Dianne Little
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Wolfgang Liedtke
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Amy L McNulty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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33
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Pers YM, Ruiz M, Noël D, Jorgensen C. Mesenchymal stem cells for the management of inflammation in osteoarthritis: state of the art and perspectives. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:2027-35. [PMID: 26521749 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of degenerative arthritis, mainly characterized by the degradation of articular cartilage and associated with subchondral bone lesions. Novel therapeutic approaches for OA include cell-based therapies that have become thriving areas of research and development. In this context, mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) have gained much interest based on their trophic and immunomodulatory properties that can help tissue repair/regeneration. The present review article discusses the interest of using MSCs in cell-therapy approaches with a focus on the mechanisms by which MSCs might exhibit a therapeutic potential in OA. Special attention is given to the anti-inflammatory function of MSCs and on miRNA modulation in OA for possible future innovative strategies. The paper also presents the current data on the undergoing MSCs-based clinical trials in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-M Pers
- Inserm U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, F-34295, France; Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, F-34000, France; Service d'immuno-Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, F-34295, France
| | - M Ruiz
- Inserm U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, F-34295, France; Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | - D Noël
- Inserm U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, F-34295, France; Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, F-34000, France.
| | - C Jorgensen
- Inserm U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, F-34295, France; Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, F-34000, France; Service d'immuno-Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, F-34295, France
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Deng W, Cao X, Chen J, Zhang Z, Yu Q, Wang Y, Shao G, Zhou J, Gao X, Yu J, Xu X. MicroRNA Replacing Oncogenic Klf4 and c-Myc for Generating iPS Cells via Cationized Pleurotus eryngii Polysaccharide-based Nanotransfection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:18957-18966. [PMID: 26269400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), resulting from the forced expression of cocktails out of transcription factors, such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM), has shown tremendous potential in regenerative medicine. Although rapid progress has been made recently in the generation of iPSCs, the safety and efficiency remain key issues for further application. In this work, microRNA 302-367 was employed to substitute the oncogenic Klf4 and c-Myc in the OSKM combination as a safer strategy for successful iPSCs generation. The negatively charged plasmid mixture (encoding Oct4, Sox2, miR302-367) and the positively charged cationized Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (CPEPS) self-assembled into nanosized particles, named as CPEPS-OS-miR nanoparticles, which were applied to human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for iPSCs generation after characterization of the physicochemical properties. The CPEPS-OS-miR nanoparticles possessed spherical shape, ultrasmall particle size, and positive surface charge. Importantly, the combination of plasmids Oct4, Sox2, and miR302-367 could not only minimize genetic modification but also show a more than 50 times higher reprogramming efficiency (0.044%) than any other single or possible double combinations of these factors (Oct4, Sox2, miR302-367). Altogether, the current study offers a simple, safe, and effective self-assembly approach for generating clinically applicable iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtong Yu
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Genbao Shao
- Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, People's Republic of China
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Madry H, Cucchiarini M. Tissue-engineering strategies to repair joint tissue in osteoarthritis: nonviral gene-transfer approaches. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2015; 16:450. [PMID: 25182678 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-014-0450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of articular cartilage is a common clinical consequence of osteoarthritis (OA). In the past decade, substantial progress in tissue engineering, nonviral gene transfer, and cell transplantation have provided the scientific foundation for generating cartilaginous constructs from genetically modified cells. Combining tissue engineering with overexpression of therapeutic genes enables immediate filling of a cartilage defect with an engineered construct that actively supports chondrogenesis. Several pioneering studies have proved that spatially defined nonviral overexpression of growth-factor genes in constructs of solid biomaterials or hydrogels is advantageous compared with gene transfer or scaffold alone, both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, these investigations were performed in models of focal cartilage defects, because advanced cartilage-repair strategies based on the principles of tissue engineering have not advanced sufficiently to enable resurfacing of extensively degraded cartilage as therapy for OA. These studies serve as prototypes for future technological developments, because they raise the possibility that cartilage constructs engineered from genetically modified chondrocytes providing autocrine and paracrine stimuli could similarly compensate for the loss of articular cartilage in OA. Because cartilage-tissue-engineering strategies are already used in the clinic, combining tissue engineering and nonviral gene transfer could prove a powerful approach to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany,
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36
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McNulty AL, Leddy HA, Liedtke W, Guilak F. TRPV4 as a therapeutic target for joint diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 388:437-50. [PMID: 25519495 PMCID: PMC4361386 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical factors play a critical role in regulating the physiology as well as the pathology of multiple joint tissues and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Therefore, the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to mechanical signals may provide novel targets for the development of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs). Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel that serves as a sensor of mechanical or osmotic signals in several musculoskeletal tissues, including cartilage, bone, and synovium. The importance of TRPV4 in joint homeostasis is apparent in patients harboring TRPV4 mutations, which result in the development of a spectrum of skeletal dysplasias and arthropathies. In addition, the genetic knockout of Trpv4 results in the development of osteoarthritis and decreased osteoclast function. In engineered cartilage replacements, chemical activation of TRPV4 can reproduce many of the anabolic effects of mechanical loading to accelerate tissue growth and regeneration. Overall, TRPV4 plays a key role in transducing mechanical, pain, and inflammatory signals within joint tissues and thus is an attractive therapeutic target to modulate the effects of joint diseases. In pathological conditions in the joint, when the delicate balance of TRPV4 activity is altered, a variety of different tools could be utilized to directly or indirectly target TRPV4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. McNulty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Holly A. Leddy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Wolfgang Liedtke
- Department of Neurology and Duke University Clinics for Pain and Palliative Care, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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37
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Li Q, Doyran B, Gamer LW, Lu XL, Qin L, Ortiz C, Grodzinsky AJ, Rosen V, Han L. Biomechanical properties of murine meniscus surface via AFM-based nanoindentation. J Biomech 2015; 48:1364-70. [PMID: 25817332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the biomechanical properties of murine meniscus surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanoindentation was performed on the central region, proximal side of menisci from 6- to 24-week old male C57BL/6 mice using microspherical tips (Rtip≈5µm) in PBS. A unique, linear correlation between indentation depth, D, and response force, F, was found on menisci from all age groups. This non-Hertzian behavior is likely due to the dominance of tensile resistance by the collagen fibril bundles on meniscus surface that are mostly aligned along the circumferential direction. The indentation resistance was calculated as both the effective modulus, Eind, via the isotropic Hertz model, and the effective stiffness, Sind = dF/dD. Values of Sind and Eind were found to depend on indentation rate, suggesting the existence of poro-viscoelasticity. These values do not significantly vary with anatomical sites, lateral versus medial compartments, or mouse age. In addition, Eind of meniscus surface (e.g., 6.1±0.8MPa for 12 weeks of age, mean±SEM, n=13) was found to be significantly higher than those of meniscus surfaces in other species, and of murine articular cartilage surface (1.4±0.1MPa, n=6). In summary, these results provided the first direct mechanical knowledge of murine knee meniscus tissues. We expect this understanding to serve as a mechanics-based benchmark for further probing the developmental biology and osteoarthritis symptoms of meniscus in various murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Basak Doyran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Laura W Gamer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - X Lucas Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Christine Ortiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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