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Lamandé SR, Ng ES, Cameron TL, Kung LHW, Sampurno L, Rowley L, Lilianty J, Patria YN, Stenta T, Hanssen E, Bell KM, Saxena R, Stok KS, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Bateman JF. Modeling human skeletal development using human pluripotent stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211510120. [PMID: 37126720 PMCID: PMC10175848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211510120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes and osteoblasts differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will provide insights into skeletal development and genetic skeletal disorders and will generate cells for regenerative medicine applications. Here, we describe a method that directs iPSC-derived sclerotome to chondroprogenitors in 3D pellet culture then to articular chondrocytes or, alternatively, along the growth plate cartilage pathway to become hypertrophic chondrocytes that can transition to osteoblasts. Osteogenic organoids deposit and mineralize a collagen I extracellular matrix (ECM), mirroring in vivo endochondral bone formation. We have identified gene expression signatures at key developmental stages including chondrocyte maturation, hypertrophy, and transition to osteoblasts and show that this system can be used to model genetic cartilage and bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen R. Lamandé
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S. Ng
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Trevor L. Cameron
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Louise H. W. Kung
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa Sampurno
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lynn Rowley
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jinia Lilianty
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yudha Nur Patria
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
| | - Tayla Stenta
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Ian Holmes Imaging Center and Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Katrina M. Bell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ritika Saxena
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kathryn S. Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John F. Bateman
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Stefik D, Vranic V, Ivkovic N, Velikic G, Maric DM, Abazovic D, Vojvodic D, Maric DL, Supic G. Potential Impact of Polymorphisms in Toll-like Receptors 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-196a Genes on Osteoarthritis Susceptibility. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030458. [PMID: 36979150 PMCID: PMC10045117 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive inflammatory disease of synovial joints and a leading cause of disability among adults. Inflammation-related genes, including genes for Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are tightly controlled by several microRNAs that, in addition to their pivotal role in the epigenetic regulation of target genes, are ligands for TLR activation and downstream signaling. Thus, we evaluated the association between OA risk and genetic variants in TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, and microRNAs that regulate TLRs signaling miR146a, miR155, and miR196a2. Our study group consisted of 95 surgically treated OA patients and a control group of 104 healthy individuals. Genetic polymorphisms were determined using TaqMan real-time PCR assays (Applied Biosystems). Adjusted logistic regression analysis demonstrated that polymorphisms in TLR4 rs4986790 (OR = 2.964, p = 0.006), TLR4 rs4986791 (OR = 8.766, p = 0.00001), and TLR7 rs385389 (OR = 1.579, p = 0.012) increased OA risk, while miR-196a2 rs11614913 (OR = 0.619, p = 0.034) was significantly associated with decreased OA risk. Our findings indicate that polymorphisms in the TLR4 and TLR7 genes might increase OA risk and suggest a novel association of miR-196a2 polymorphism with decreased OA susceptibility. The modulation of TLRs and miRNAs and their cross-talk might be an attractive target for a personalized approach to OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Stefik
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Vranic
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Ivkovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Velikic
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Dr Dragi Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dusan M. Maric
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Dr Dragi Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dzihan Abazovic
- Biocell Hospital, Omladinskih Brigada 86a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusica L. Maric
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gordana Supic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Schafer CM, Martin-Almedina S, Kurylowicz K, Dufton N, Osuna-Almagro L, Wu ML, Johnson CF, Shah AV, Haskard DO, Buxton A, Willis E, Wheeler K, Turner S, Chlebicz M, Scott RP, Kovats S, Cleuren A, Birdsey GM, Randi AM, Griffin CT. Cytokine-Mediated Degradation of the Transcription Factor ERG Impacts the Pulmonary Vascular Response to Systemic Inflammatory Challenge. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527788. [PMID: 36798267 PMCID: PMC9934599 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background During infectious diseases, pro-inflammatory cytokines transiently destabilize interactions between adjacent vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate the passage of immune molecules and cells into tissues. However, in the lung the resulting vascular hyperpermeability can lead to organ dysfunction. Previous work identified the transcription factor ERG as a master regulator of endothelial homeostasis. Here we investigate whether the sensitivity of pulmonary blood vessels to cytokine-induced destabilization is due to organotypic mechanisms affecting the ability of endothelial ERG to protect lung ECs from inflammatory injury. Methods Cytokine-dependent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ERG was analyzed in cultured Human Umbilical Vein ECs (HUVECs). Systemic administration of TNFα or the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to cause a widespread inflammatory challenge in mice; ERG protein levels were assessed by immunoprecipitation, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence. Murine Erg deletion was genetically induced in ECs ( Erg fl/fl ;Cdh5(PAC)Cre ERT2 ), and multiple organs were analyzed by histology, immunostaining, and electron microscopy. Results In vitro, TNFα promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of ERG in HUVECs, which was blocked by the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. In vivo, systemic administration of TNFα or LPS resulted in a rapid and substantial degradation of ERG within lung ECs, but not ECs of the retina, heart, liver, or kidney. Pulmonary ERG was also downregulated in a murine model of influenza infection. Erg fl/fl ;Cdh5(PAC)-Cre ERT2 mice spontaneously recapitulated aspects of inflammatory challenges, including lung-predominant vascular hyperpermeability, immune cell recruitment, and fibrosis. These phenotypes were associated with a lung-specific decrease in the expression of Tek , a gene target of ERG previously implicated in maintaining pulmonary vascular stability during inflammation. Conclusions Collectively, our data highlight a unique role for ERG in pulmonary vascular function. We propose that cytokine-induced ERG degradation and subsequent transcriptional changes in lung ECs play critical roles in the destabilization of pulmonary blood vessels during infectious diseases.
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Yang S, Wang L, Wu Y, Wu A, Huang F, Tang X, Kantawong F, Anuchapreeda S, Qin D, Mei Q, Chen J, Huang X, Zhang C, Wu J. Apoptosis in megakaryocytes: Safeguard and threat for thrombopoiesis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025945. [PMID: 36685543 PMCID: PMC9845629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, generated from precursor megakaryocytes (MKs), are central mediators of hemostasis and thrombosis. The process of thrombopoiesis is extremely complex, regulated by multiple factors, and related to many cellular events including apoptosis. However, the role of apoptosis in thrombopoiesis has been controversial for many years. Some researchers believe that apoptosis is an ally of thrombopoiesis and platelets production is apoptosis-dependent, while others have suggested that apoptosis is dispensable for thrombopoiesis, and is even inhibited during this process. In this review, we will focus on this conflict, discuss the relationship between megakaryocytopoiesis, thrombopoiesis and apoptosis. In addition, we also consider why such a vast number of studies draw opposite conclusions of the role of apoptosis in thrombopoiesis, and try to figure out the truth behind the mystery. This review provides more comprehensive insights into the relationship between megakaryocytopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and apoptosis and finds some clues for the possible pathological mechanisms of platelet disorders caused by abnormal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuesong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Satake T, Komura S, Aoki H, Hirakawa A, Imai Y, Akiyama H. Induction of iPSC-derived Prg4-positive cells with characteristics of superficial zone chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synovial cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:30. [PMID: 35870887 PMCID: PMC9308249 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lubricin, a proteoglycan encoded by the PRG4 gene, is synthesised by superficial zone (SFZ) chondrocytes and synovial cells. It reduces friction between joints and allows smooth sliding of tendons. Although lubricin has been shown to be effective against osteoarthritis and synovitis in animals, its clinical application remains untested. In this study, we aimed to induce lubricin-expressing cells from pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and applied them locally via cell transplantation. Methods To generate iPSCs, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and L-MYC were transduced into fibroblasts derived from Prg4-mRFP1 transgenic mice. We established a protocol for the differentiation of iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells and characterised their mRNA expression profile. Finally, we injected Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells into the paratenon, surrounding the Achilles tendons and knee joints of severe combined immunodeficient mice and assessed lubricin expression. Result Wnt3a, activin A, TGF-β1, and bFGF were applied to induce the differentiation of iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells. Markers related to SFZ chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) were expressed during differentiation. RNA-sequencing indicated that iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells manifested expression profiles typical of SFZ chondrocytes and FLSs. Transplanted iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells survived around the Achilles tendons and in knee joints. Conclusions The present study describes a protocol for the differentiation of iPSC-derived Prg4-positive cells with characteristics of SFZ chondrocytes and FLSs. Transplantation of lubricin-expressing cells offers promise as a therapy against arthritis and synovitis.
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Ni Q, Chen H, Li B, He H, Shi H, Zhu J, Wang H, Chen L. miR-200b-3p/ERG/PTHrP axis mediates the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the differentiation of fetal cartilage into articular cartilage. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110201. [PMID: 36174738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to further explore cartilage development in prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) offspring at different times to explore the specific time points and mechanism of ethanol-induced fetal cartilage dysplasia. METHODS On gestational day (GD)14, GD17, and GD20, PEE fetal cartilage was evaluated by morphological analysis. RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of cartilage marker genes and their regulatory factors. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were used to explore the effect of ethanol on the differentiation of chondrocytes. Additionally, we used inhibitors, overexpression plasmids and a luciferase reporter assay on GD17 chondrocytes to verify the mechanism. RESULTS PEE significantly reduced cartilage matrix content and the expression of marker genes on GD17 and GD20 but had no effect on GD14. The inhibition of chondrogenic differentiation by PEE mainly occurred on GD14-17. Furthermore, the expression of miR-200b-3p was increased, while that of ERG and PTHrP was markedly reduced in PEE fetal cartilage. In vitro, ethanol (30-120 mM) inhibited the differentiation of BMSCs into chondrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, accompanied by strong expression of miR-200b-3p and low expression of ERG and PTHrP. Moreover, PTHLH and ERG overexpressed, as well as a miR-200b-3p inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the differentiation of fetal chondrocytes. Furthermore, miR-200b-3p could target and negatively regulate ERG. CONCLUSIONS PEE can significantly inhibit the development of articular cartilage, especially during articular cartilage formation. The mechanism is related to the decreased differentiation of fetal cartilage into articular cartilage mediated by the miR-200b-3p/ERG/PTHrP axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qubo Ni
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Haitao Chen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hangyuan He
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Huasong Shi
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jiayong Zhu
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Identification of candidate enhancers controlling the transcriptome during the formation of interphalangeal joints. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12835. [PMID: 35896673 PMCID: PMC9329285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the synovial joint begins with the visible emergence of a stripe of densely packed mesenchymal cells located between distal ends of the developing skeletal anlagen called the interzone. Recently the transcriptome of the early synovial joint was reported. Knowledge about enhancers would complement these data and lead to a better understanding of the control of gene transcription at the onset of joint development. Using ChIP-sequencing we have mapped the H3-signatures H3K27ac and H3K4me1 to locate regulatory elements specific for the interzone and adjacent phalange, respectively. This one-stage atlas of candidate enhancers (CEs) was used to map the association between these respective joint tissue specific CEs and biological processes. Subsequently, integrative analysis of transcriptomic data and CEs identified new putative regulatory elements of genes expressed in interzone (e.g., GDF5, BMP2 and DACT2) and phalange (e.g., MATN1, HAPLN1 and SNAI1). We also linked such CEs to genes known as crucial in synovial joint hypermobility and osteoarthritis, as well as phalange malformations. These analyses show that the CE atlas can serve as resource for identifying, and as starting point for experimentally validating, putative disease-causing genomic regulatory regions in patients with synovial joint dysfunctions and/or phalange disorders, and enhancer-controlled synovial joint and phalange formation.
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Mullen D, Nowak K, Chetty R. Gene of the month: ERG. J Clin Pathol 2022; 75:577-580. [PMID: 35738886 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The ERG gene belongs to the erythroblastosis transformation specific family of transcription factors and encodes for the transcription regulator protein ERG. It is located on chromosome 22q22 and is a nuclear transcription factor. In normal physiology, ERG protein is expressed in endothelial cells and is involved in processes including, but not limited to, angiogenesis and haematopoiesis. Of diagnostic value in clinical practice, ERG immunohistochemistry is a useful marker of endothelial differentiation for both benign and malignant vascular lesions. It is also reliable for identifying ERG gene translocated malignancies such as EWS/FUS::ERG Ewing's sarcoma and TMPSSR2::ERG prostatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorinda Mullen
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network Laboratory Medicine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Klaudia Nowak
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network Laboratory Medicine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Takahata Y, Hagino H, Kimura A, Urushizaki M, Yamamoto S, Wakamori K, Murakami T, Hata K, Nishimura R. Regulatory Mechanisms of Prg4 and Gdf5 Expression in Articular Cartilage and Functions in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094672. [PMID: 35563063 PMCID: PMC9105027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rapid aging of society, the numbers of patients with joint disease continue to increase. Accordingly, a large number of patients require appropriate treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), the most frequent bone and joint disease. Thought to be caused by the degeneration and destruction of articular cartilage following persistent and excessive mechanical stimulation of the joints, OA can significantly impair patient quality of life with symptoms such as knee pain, lower limb muscle weakness, or difficulty walking. Because articular cartilage has a low self-repair ability and an extremely low proliferative capacity, healing of damaged articular cartilage has not been achieved to date. The current pharmaceutical treatment of OA is limited to the slight alleviation of symptoms (e.g., local injection of hyaluronic acid or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs); hence, the development of effective drugs and regenerative therapies for OA is highly desirable. This review article summarizes findings indicating that proteoglycan 4 (Prg4)/lubricin, which is specifically expressed in the superficial zone of articular cartilage and synovium, functions in a protective manner against OA, and covers the transcriptional regulation of Prg4 in articular chondrocytes. We also focused on growth differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5), which is specifically expressed on the surface layer of articular cartilage, particularly in the developmental stage, describing its regulatory mechanisms and functions in joint formation and OA pathogenesis. Because several genetic studies in humans and mice indicate the involvement of these genes in the maintenance of articular cartilage homeostasis and the presentation of OA, molecular targeting of Prg4 and Gdf5 is expected to provide new insights into the aetiology, pathogenesis, and potential treatment of OA.
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Takemura S, Ohta Y, Sugama R, Minoda Y, Ohyama Y, Nakamura H. Eldecalcitol regulates the gene expressions of articular cartilage markers and differentiation markers in chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 597:58-63. [PMID: 35124460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has been shown to reduce symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). In a previous study, local administration of eldecalcitol, an active vitamin D3 analog, reduced degenerative changes in articular cartilage in the early phase of experimental OA. However, the target of vitamin D in OA remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of eldecalcitol treatment on chondrocytes, which were divided into superficial zone chondrocytes (SZC), deep zone chondrocytes (DZC), and differentiated chondrocytes. SZC and DZC were cultured in monolayer and 3D pellet cultures treated with eldecalcitol. The gene expressions of articular cartilage and chondrocyte differentiation markers were evaluated. Histological analysis of SZC and DZC 3D pellet cultures was performed. The results showed that the articular cartilage markers ETS-related gene (Erg) and lubricin/proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) were significantly increased in SZC, but not in DZC, in the monolayer culture treated with eldecalcitol. The chondrocyte differentiation markers type X collagen and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly decreased in the DZC pellet culture treated with eldecalcitol. Immunochemical analysis also showed that Erg and lubricin/PRG4 expressions were elevated in the SZC pellet culture treated with eldecalcitol, while type X collagen and ALP expressions were decreased in the DZC pellet culture treated with eldecalcitol. In conclusion, this study showed that eldecalcitol upregulated articular cartilage markers in SZC and suppressed differentiation markers in DZC. Such regulation of chondrocytes by eldecalcitol could be potentially effective against OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takemura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Ryo Sugama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukihide Minoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yohei Ohyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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Tonc E, Takeuchi Y, Chou C, Xia Y, Holmgren M, Fujii C, Raju S, Chang GS, Iwamoto M, Egawa T. Unexpected suppression of tumorigenesis by c-MYC via TFAP4-dependent restriction of stemness in B lymphocytes. Blood 2021; 138:2526-2538. [PMID: 34283887 PMCID: PMC8678995 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferative burst of B lymphocytes is essential for antigen receptor repertoire diversification during the development and selective expansion of antigen-specific clones during immune responses. High proliferative activity inevitably promotes oncogenesis, the risk of which is further elevated in B lymphocytes by endogenous gene rearrangement and somatic mutations. However, B-cell-derived cancers are rare, perhaps owing to putative intrinsic tumor-suppressive mechanisms. We show that c-MYC facilitates B-cell proliferation as a protumorigenic driver and unexpectedly coengages counteracting tumor suppression through its downstream factor TFAP4. TFAP4 is mutated in human lymphoid malignancies, particularly in >10% of Burkitt lymphomas, and reduced TFAP4 expression was associated with poor survival of patients with MYC-high B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In mice, insufficient TFAP4 expression accelerated c-MYC-driven transformation of B cells. Mechanistically, c-MYC suppresses the stemness of developing B cells by inducing TFAP4 and restricting self-renewal of proliferating B cells. Thus, the pursuant transcription factor cascade functions as a tumor suppressor module that safeguards against the transformation of developing B cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tonc
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and
| | | | - Chun Chou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and
| | | | | | | | - Gue Su Chang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; and
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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12
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Tanaka M, Nakamura T. Modeling fusion gene-associated sarcoma: Advantages for understanding sarcoma biology and pathology. Pathol Int 2021; 71:643-654. [PMID: 34265156 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disease-specific gene fusions are reportedly major driver mutations in approximately 30% of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Most fusion genes encode transcription factors or co-factors that regulate downstream target genes, altering cell growth, lineage commitment, and differentiation. Given the limitations of investigating their functions in vitro, the generation of mouse models expressing fusion genes in the appropriate cellular lineages is pivotal. Therefore, we generated a series of mouse models by introducing fusion genes into embryonic mesenchymal progenitors. This review describes mouse models of Ewing, synovial, alveolar soft part, and CIC-rearranged sarcomas. Furthermore, we describe the similarities between these models and their human counterparts. These models provide remarkable advantages to identify cells-of-origin, specific collaborators of fusion genes, angiogenesis key factors, or diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we discuss the relationship between fusion proteins and the epigenetic background as well as the possible role of the super-enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Tanaka
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Hu A, Cao FF, Lu D, Yang LY. The role of T2E mediated CBF-1/RBP-Jκ signaling in metastatic thyroid cancer. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:7610-7621. [PMID: 34377238 PMCID: PMC8340223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer has been shown to be an independent risk factor for 2019-nCoV. Expression of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is abnormal in many cancers. Nevertheless, system analysis of TMPRSS2-ERG (T2E) abnormalities in metastatic thyroid cancer remains to be elucidated. METHOD Using genomic and chromatin data, we demonstrate a unique cis-regulatory landscape between non-T2E and T2E-positive metastatic thyroid cancers, including clusters of regulatory elements (COREs). We attempt to describe the effect of T2E silencing on the cis-regulatory structure in metastatic thyroid cancers and its phase with the obvious phenotype characteristics of T2E-positive metastatic thyroid cancers. RESULTS These differences were linked by the ERG (erythroblast transformation-specific related gene) co-opts of FoxA1 and HOXB13, which realized T2E specific transcription profile. The study also demonstrated the T2E-specific CORE in an ERG site of structural rearrangement, which is due to the expansion of the T2E locus and contributes to its up-expression. Ultimately, we demonstrate that T2E-specific transcription profile is the basis of vulnerability of CBF-1/RBP-Jκ pathway. In fact, CBF-1/RBP-Jκ pathway inhibits the invasion and growth of T2E-positive thyroid tumors. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the overexpression of ERG co-option has a unique cis-regulatory structure in T2E positive thyroid tumors, which induces drug dependence on CBF-1/RBP-Jκ signal. Our study solved the genetic and epigenetic variation of T2E in metastatic thyroid cancer for the first time. It is worth noting that further functional and clinical validation is needed as our study is a bioinformatics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityPudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Fan-Fan Cao
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityPudong New District, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, 200001, China
| | - Li-Yun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityPudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
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14
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Liu D, Liang YH, Yang YT, He M, Cai ZJ, Xiao WF, Li YS. Circular RNA in osteoarthritis: an updated insight into the pathophysiology and therapeutics. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11-23. [PMID: 33527005 PMCID: PMC7847522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease that mainly results in chronic pain, stiffness and dysfunction in elderly individuals. The molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of OA are still unclear, and available treatments are unable to slowdown the development of OA or reverse the tissue damage. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNA, are ubiquitous, stable, evolutionally conserved, tissue-specific and functional. An increasing number of studies have revealed that many circRNAs are differentially expressed in OA-affected joint tissues and engage in the pathogenesis of OA by functioning as miRNA sponges. In this review, we briefly introduce the biogenesis, characteristics and functions of circRNAs, and shed light on the important role of circRNAs in the occurrence and progression of OA and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic value in this disease based on the research over the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityXiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Hua Liang
- Department of Operating Room, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityXiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Tao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityXiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityXiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Jun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityXiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityXiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityXiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
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15
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An inhibitor of endothelial ETS transcription factors promotes physiologic and therapeutic vessel regression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26494-26502. [PMID: 33020273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015980117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During the progression of ocular diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy, overgrowth of retinal blood vessels results in the formation of pathological neovascular tufts that impair vision. Current therapeutic options for treating these diseases include antiangiogenic strategies that can lead to the undesirable inhibition of normal vascular development. Therefore, strategies that eliminate pathological neovascular tufts while sparing normal blood vessels are needed. In this study we exploited the hyaloid vascular network in murine eyes, which naturally undergoes regression after birth, to gain mechanistic insights that could be therapeutically adapted for driving neovessel regression in ocular diseases. We found that endothelial cells of regressing hyaloid vessels underwent down-regulation of two structurally related E-26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors, ETS-related gene (ERG) and Friend leukemia integration 1 (FLI1), prior to apoptosis. Moreover, the small molecule YK-4-279, which inhibits the transcriptional and biological activity of ETS factors, enhanced hyaloid regression in vivo and drove Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) tube regression and apoptosis in vitro. Importantly, exposure of HUVECs to sheer stress inhibited YK-4-279-induced apoptosis, indicating that low-flow vessels may be uniquely susceptible to YK-4-279-mediated regression. We tested this hypothesis by administering YK-4-279 to mice in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model that generates disorganized and poorly perfused neovascular tufts that mimic human ocular diseases. YK-4-279 treatment significantly reduced neovascular tufts while sparing healthy retinal vessels, thereby demonstrating the therapeutic potential of this inhibitor.
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16
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Shen S, Wu Y, Chen J, Xie Z, Huang K, Wang G, Yang Y, Ni W, Chen Z, Shi P, Ma Y, Fan S. CircSERPINE2 protects against osteoarthritis by targeting miR-1271 and ETS-related gene. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:826-836. [PMID: 30923232 PMCID: PMC6579553 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Circular RNAs (circRNA) expression aberration has been identified in various human diseases. In this study, we investigated whether circRNAs could act as competing endogenous RNAs to regulate the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods CircRNA deep sequencing was performed to the expression of circRNAs between OA and control cartilage tissues. The regulatory and functional role of CircSERPINE2 upregulation was examined in OA and was validated in vitro and in vivo, downstream target of CircSERPINE2 was explored. RNA pull down, a luciferase reporter assay, biotin-coupled microRNA capture and fluorescence in situ hybridisation were used to evaluate the interaction between CircSERPINE2 and miR-1271-5 p, as well as the target mRNA, E26 transformation-specific-related gene (ERG). The role and mechanism of CircSERPINE2 in OA was also explored in rabbit models. Results The decreased expression of CircSERPINE2 in the OA cartilage tissues was directly associated with excessive apoptosis and imbalance between anabolic and catabolic factors of extracellular matrix (ECM). Mechanistically, CircSERPINE2 acted as a sponge of miR-1271-5 p and functioned in human chondrocytes (HCs) through targeting miR-1271-5 p and ERG. Intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus-CircSERPINE2-wt alleviated OA in the rabbit model. Conclusions Our results reveal an important role for a novel circRNA-CircSERPINE2 in OA progression. CircSERPINE2 overexpression could alleviate HCs apoptosis and promote anabolism of ECM through miR-1271-ERG pathway. It provides a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yizheng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Junxin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Kangmao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Gangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yute Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Weiyu Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Peihua Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
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17
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Shepherd C, Zhu D, Skelton AJ, Combe J, Threadgold H, Zhu L, Vincent TL, Stuart P, Reynard LN, Loughlin J. Functional Characterization of the Osteoarthritis Genetic Risk Residing at ALDH1A2 Identifies rs12915901 as a Key Target Variant. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1577-1587. [PMID: 29732726 PMCID: PMC6175168 DOI: 10.1002/art.40545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mechanisms conferring increased risk of hand osteoarthritis (OA) at the ALDH1A2 locus, which is a retinoic acid regulatory gene. METHODS Tissue samples from 247 patients with knee, hip, or hand OA who had undergone joint surgery were included. RNA-sequencing analysis was used to investigate differential expression of ALDH1A2 and other retinoic acid signaling pathway genes in cartilage. Expression of ALDH1A2 in joint tissues obtained from multiple sites was quantified using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Allelic expression imbalance (AEI) was measured by pyrosequencing. The consequences of ALDH1A2 depletion by RNA interference were assessed in primary human chondrocytes. In silico and in vitro analyses were used to pinpoint which, among 62 highly correlated SNPs, could account for the association at the locus. RESULTS ALDH1A2 expression was observed across multiple joint tissue samples, including osteochondral tissue from the hand. The expression of ALDH1A2 and of several retinoic acid signaling genes was different in diseased cartilage compared to non-diseased cartilage, with ALDH1A2 showing lower levels in OA cartilage. Experimental depletion of ALDH1A2 resulted in changes in the expression levels of a number of chondrogenic markers, including SOX9. In addition, reduced expression of the OA risk-conferring allele was witnessed in a number of joint tissues, with the strongest effect in cartilage. The intronic SNP rs12915901 recapitulated the AEI observed in patient tissues, while the Ets transcription factors were identified as potential mediators of this effect. CONCLUSION The ALDH1A2 locus seems to increase the risk of hand OA through decreased expression of ALDH1A2 in joint tissues, with the effect dependent on rs12915901. These findings indicate a mechanism that may now be targeted to modulate OA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, and Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Linyi Zhu
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Stuart
- Newcastle University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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18
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Yamamura K, Ohta Y, Mamoto K, Sugama R, Minoda Y, Nakamura H. Effect of eldecalcitol on articular cartilage through the regulation of transcription factor Erg in a murine model of knee osteoarthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:179-184. [PMID: 29097208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have reported an association between low blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanism and effects of vitamin D signaling on articular chondrocytes and cartilage remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D on articular cartilage degeneration using eldecalcitol (ED-71), which is an active vitamin D3 analog. Eight-week old male C57BL/6NCrSlc mice were subjected to experimental surgery to induce OA and local treatments with 10 μL ED-71 (0.5 μg/mL) were administered weekly. Four and 12 weeks after surgery, joints were evaluated using histological scoring systems. In addition, gene expression was analyzed in chondrocytes that were isolated from wildtype neonatal mice, cultured, and treated with ED-71 (10-8 M). Joints treated with ED-71 demonstrated slowed progression of OA at 4 weeks after surgery, but few effects were observed at 12 weeks after surgery. Ets-related gene (Erg) expression was upregulated in OA articular cartilage, and further increased by ED-71 treatment. In primary chondrocytes cultured with ED-71, the gene expression of Erg and lubricin/proteoglycan 4 significantly increased, as compared to that of cells cultured without ED-71. Local treatment with ED-71 reduced degenerative changes to the articular cartilage during the early phase of experimental OA. Regulation of Erg by ED-71 in articular cartilage could confer resistance to early osteoarthritic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Yamamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Kenji Mamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Sugama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukihide Minoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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19
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Looney AP, Han R, Stawski L, Marden G, Iwamoto M, Trojanowska M. Synergistic Role of Endothelial ERG and FLI1 in Mediating Pulmonary Vascular Homeostasis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:121-131. [PMID: 28248553 PMCID: PMC5516275 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0200oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) activation underlies many vascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Several members of the E-twenty six (ETS) family of transcription factors are important regulators of the gene network governing endothelial homeostasis, and their aberrant expression is associated with pathological angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to determine whether deficiencies of the ETS family member, Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor (FLI1), and its closest homolog, ETS-related gene (ERG), are associated with PAH. We found that endothelial ERG was significantly reduced in the lung samples from patients with PAH, as well as in chronically hypoxic mice. Functional studies revealed that depletion of ERG or FLI1 in human pulmonary ECs led to increased expression of inflammatory genes, including IFN genes, whereas genes regulating endothelial homeostasis and cell-cell adhesion were down-regulated. Simultaneous knockdown of both ERG and FLI1 had synergistic or additive effects on the expression of these genes, suggesting that ERG and FLI1 coregulate at least a subset of their target genes. Functionally, knockdown of ERG and FLI1 induced cell monolayer permeability with a potency similar to that of vascular endothelial growth factor. Notably, stimulation of ECs with Toll-like receptor 3 ligand poly(I:C) suppressed ERG expression and induced ERG dissociation from the IFNB1 promoter, while promoting signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) recruitment. Consistent with the up-regulation of inflammatory genes seen in vitro, Erg and Fli1 double-heterozygote mice showed increased immune cell infiltration and expression of cytokines in the lung. In conclusion, loss of ERG and FLI1 might contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular lung complications through the induction of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka P. Looney
- Boston University School of Medicine, Arthritis Center/Rheumatology, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Rong Han
- Boston University School of Medicine, Arthritis Center/Rheumatology, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Lukasz Stawski
- Boston University School of Medicine, Arthritis Center/Rheumatology, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Grace Marden
- Boston University School of Medicine, Arthritis Center/Rheumatology, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Orthopaedic Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Boston University School of Medicine, Arthritis Center/Rheumatology, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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20
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Depletion of Gangliosides Enhances Articular Cartilage Repair in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43729. [PMID: 28252046 PMCID: PMC5333092 DOI: 10.1038/srep43729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the healing mechanisms in damaged tissues is a critical step for establishing breakthroughs in tissue engineering. Articular cartilage is clinically one of the most successful tissues to be repaired with regenerative medicine because of its homogeneous extracellular matrix and few cell types. However, we only poorly understand cartilage repair mechanisms, and hence, regenerated cartilage remains inferior to the native tissues. Here, we show that glycosylation is an important process for hypertrophic differentiation during articular cartilage repair. GM3, which is a precursor molecule for most gangliosides, was transiently expressed in surrounding damaged tissue, and depletion of GM3 synthase enhanced cartilage repair. Gangliosides also regulated chondrocyte hypertrophy via the Indian hedgehog pathway. These results identify a novel mechanism of cartilage healing through chondrocyte hypertrophy that is regulated by glycosylation. Manipulation of gangliosides and their synthases may have beneficial effects on articular cartilage repair.
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21
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Blaker CL, Clarke EC, Little CB. Using mouse models to investigate the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:424-439. [PMID: 27312470 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is defined by its development after joint injury. Factors contributing to the risk of PTOA occurring, the rate of progression, and degree of associated disability in any individual, remain incompletely understood. What constitutes an "OA-inducing injury" is not defined. In line with advances in the traumatic brain injury field, we propose the scope of PTOA-inducing injuries be expanded to include not only those causing immediate structural damage and instability (Type I), but also those without initial instability/damage from moderate (Type II) or minor (Type III) loading severity. A review of the literature revealed this full spectrum of potential PTOA subtypes can be modeled in mice, with 27 Type I, 6 Type II, and 4 Type III models identified. Despite limitations due to cartilage anatomy, joint size, and bio-fluid availability, mice offer advantages as preclinical models to study PTOA, particularly genetically modified strains. Histopathology was the most common disease outcome, cartilage more frequently studied than bone or synovium, and meniscus and ligaments rarely evaluated. Other methods used to examine PTOA included gene expression, protein analysis, and imaging. Despite the major issues reported by patients being pain and biomechanical dysfunction, these were the least commonly measured outcomes in mouse models. Informative correlations of simultaneously measured disease outcomes in individual animals, was rarely done in any mouse PTOA model. This review has identified knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to increase understanding and improve prevention and management of PTOA. Preclinical mouse models play a critical role in these endeavors. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:424-439, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina L Blaker
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Clarke
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
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Smeeton J, Askary A, Crump JG. Building and maintaining joints by exquisite local control of cell fate. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6:10.1002/wdev.245. [PMID: 27581688 PMCID: PMC5877473 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We owe the flexibility of our bodies to sophisticated articulations between bones. Establishment of these joints requires the integration of multiple tissue types: permanent cartilage that cushions the articulating bones, synovial membranes that enclose a lubricating fluid-filled cavity, and a fibrous capsule and ligaments that provide structural support. Positioning the prospective joint region involves establishment of an "interzone" region of joint progenitor cells within a nascent cartilage condensation, which is achieved through the interplay of activators and inhibitors of multiple developmental signaling pathways. Within the interzone, tight regulation of BMP and TGFβ signaling prevents the hypertrophic maturation of joint chondrocytes, in part through downstream transcriptional repressors and epigenetic modulators. Synovial cells then acquire further specializations through expression of genes that promote lubrication, as well as the formation of complex structures such as cavities and entheses. Whereas genetic investigations in mice and humans have uncovered a number of regulators of joint development and homeostasis, recent work in zebrafish offers a complementary reductionist approach toward understanding joint positioning and the regulation of chondrocyte fate at joints. The complexity of building and maintaining joints may help explain why there are still few treatments for osteoarthritis, one of the most common diseases in the human population. A major challenge will be to understand how developmental abnormalities in joint structure, as well as postnatal roles for developmental genes in joint homeostasis, contribute to birth defects and degenerative diseases of joints. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e245. doi: 10.1002/wdev.245 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Smeeton
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amjad Askary
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Singh PNP, Yadav US, Azad K, Goswami P, Kinare V, Bandyopadhyay A. NFIA and GATA3, critical regulators of embryonic articular cartilage differentiation. Development 2017; 145:dev.156554. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.156554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
During appendicular skeletal development, the bi-potential cartilage anlagen gives rise to transient cartilage, which is eventually replaced by bone, and articular cartilage which caps the ends of individual skeletal elements. While the molecular mechanism that regulates transient cartilage differentiation is relatively better understood, the mechanism of articular cartilage differentiation has only begun to be unraveled. Further, the molecules that coordinate articular and transient cartilage differentiation processes are very poorly understood. Here, we have characterized the regulatory roles of two transcription factors, NFIA and GATA3 in articular cartilage differentiation, maintenance and the coordinated differentiation of articular and transient cartilage. Both NFIA and GATA3 block hypertrophic differentiation. Our results suggest that NFIA is not sufficient but necessary for articular cartilage differentiation. On the other hand, while ectopic activation of GATA3 promotes articular cartilage differentiation, inhibition of GATA3 activity promotes transient cartilage differentiation at the expense of articular cartilage. Finally, we propose a novel transcriptional circuitry involved in embryonic articular cartilage differentiation, maintenance and its cross-talk with transient cartilage differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Narendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India
- Current address: Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Upendra Singh Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India
| | - Kimi Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India
- Current address: Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, HauzKhas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pooja Goswami
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar – 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Veena Kinare
- Department of Lifesciences, Sophia College for Women, Bhulabhai Desai Road, Mumbai - 400026, India
| | - Amitabha Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India
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Liu CF, Samsa WE, Zhou G, Lefebvre V. Transcriptional control of chondrocyte specification and differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:34-49. [PMID: 27771362 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A milestone in the evolutionary emergence of vertebrates was the invention of cartilage, a tissue that has key roles in modeling, protecting and complementing the bony skeleton. Cartilage is elaborated and maintained by chondrocytes. These cells derive from multipotent skeletal progenitors and they perform highly specialized functions as they proceed through sequential lineage commitment and differentiation steps. They form cartilage primordia, the primary skeleton of the embryo. They then transform these primordia either into cartilage growth plates, temporary drivers of skeletal elongation and endochondral ossification, or into permanent tissues, namely articular cartilage. Chondrocyte fate decisions and differentiated activities are controlled by numerous extrinsic and intrinsic cues, and they are implemented at the gene expression level by transcription factors. The latter are the focus of this review. Meritorious efforts from many research groups have led over the last two decades to the identification of dozens of key chondrogenic transcription factors. These regulators belong to all types of transcription factor families. Some have master roles at one or several differentiation steps. They include SOX9 and RUNX2/3. Others decisively assist or antagonize the activities of these masters. They include TWIST1, SOX5/6, and MEF2C/D. Many more have tissue-patterning roles and regulate cell survival, proliferation and the pace of cell differentiation. They include, but are not limited to, homeodomain-containing proteins and growth factor signaling mediators. We here review current knowledge of all these factors, one superclass, class, and family at a time. We then compile all knowledge into transcriptional networks. We also identify remaining gaps in knowledge and directions for future research to fill these gaps and thereby provide novel insights into cartilage disease mechanisms and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Feng Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - William E Samsa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Jiang D, Hao Z, Fan D, Guo W, Xu P, Yin C, Wen S, Wang J. Association between GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis in Caucasian and Asian populations: a meta-analysis based on case-control studies. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:104. [PMID: 27662846 PMCID: PMC5035499 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with a complex genetic background. Variants in growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) have been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in several ethnic populations. The present study aimed to assess the association between the GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism and the susceptibility of the knee to OA through a meta-analysis of available case-control studies. Methods The PubMed and Science Direct citation databases were used to search electronic literature in order to identify studies published between January 2007 and July 2016 that evaluated the association between the GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism and the susceptibility of the knee to OA. Different genetic models were used to assess the pooled and stratified data. Results A positive association was found in all pooled studies (OR = 0.808, 95 % CI = 0.754–0.866, p < 0.001). Regarding genotypes, significant associations were found using a dominant model (OR = 0.777, 95 % CI = 0.708–0.852, p < 0.001), a recessive model (OR = 0.723, 95%CI = 0.623–0.839, p < 0.001), and an additive model (CC vs TT OR = 0.648, 95 % CI = 0.552–0.760, p < 0.001; CC vs CT OR = 0.801, 95 % CI = 0.685–0.936, p = 0.005). Meta-analysis data were stratified by ethnicity, and the GDF5 C allele was found to be positively associated with OA of the knee in both Caucasians and Asians, as were the GDF5 TC and CC genotypes. In addition, using an additive model, the CC genotype was found to be significantly associated with OA of the knee in both Caucasians and Asians when comparing CC vs TT genotypes, but not in Caucasians when comparing TT vs CT genotypes. Conclusions Meta-analysis results indicated that the GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism is a protective factor for OA among Caucasian and Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengtao Hao
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery II, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery II, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yin
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery II, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Shuzheng Wen
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery II, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010030, China.
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery II, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010030, China.
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Milares LP, Assis L, Siqueira A, Claudino V, Domingos H, Almeida T, Tim C, Renno AC. Effectiveness of an aquatic exercise program and low-level laser therapy on articular cartilage in an experimental model of osteoarthritis in rats. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:398-407. [PMID: 27220395 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1193174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an aquatic exercise program and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (associated or not) on degenerative modifications and inflammatory mediators on the articular cartilage using an experimental model of knee OA. METHOD Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: knee OA - without treatment (OA); OA plus exercise program group (OAE); OA plus LLLT (OAL); OA plus exercise program associated with LLLT (OAEL). Trained rats performed a water-jumping program carrying a load equivalent to 50-80 % of their body mass strapped to their chest. The laser irradiation was used either as the only method or after the exercise training had been performed, at 2 points contact mode (medial and lateral side of the left joint). The treatments started 4 weeks after the surgery, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. RESULTS The results revealed that all treated groups (irradiated or not) exhibited a better pattern of tissue organization, with less fibrillation and irregularities along the articular surface and improved chondrocytes organization. Also, a lower cellular density and structural damage (OARSI score) and higher thickness values were observed in all treated groups. Additionally, OAE and OAEL showed a reduced expression in IL-1β and caspase-3 as compared with OA. Furthermore, a statistically lower MMP-13 expression was only observed in OAEL as compared with OA. CONCLUSION These results suggest that aquatic exercise program and LLLT were effective in preventing cartilage degeneration. Also, physical exercise program presented anti-inflammatory effects in the knees in OA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Paulo Milares
- a Department of Bioscience , Federal University of São Paulo , Santos , Brazil
| | - Lívia Assis
- a Department of Bioscience , Federal University of São Paulo , Santos , Brazil
| | - Amanda Siqueira
- a Department of Bioscience , Federal University of São Paulo , Santos , Brazil
| | - Vitoria Claudino
- a Department of Bioscience , Federal University of São Paulo , Santos , Brazil
| | - Heloisa Domingos
- a Department of Bioscience , Federal University of São Paulo , Santos , Brazil
| | - Thais Almeida
- a Department of Bioscience , Federal University of São Paulo , Santos , Brazil
| | - Carla Tim
- a Department of Bioscience , Federal University of São Paulo , Santos , Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Renno
- a Department of Bioscience , Federal University of São Paulo , Santos , Brazil
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27
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Candela ME, Wang C, Gunawardena AT, Zhang K, Cantley L, Yasuhara R, Usami Y, Francois N, Iwamoto M, van der Flier A, Zhang Y, Qin L, Han L, Enomoto-Iwamoto M. Alpha 5 Integrin Mediates Osteoarthritic Changes in Mouse Knee Joints. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156783. [PMID: 27280771 PMCID: PMC4900574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of most common skeletal disorders and can affect synovial joints such as knee and ankle joints. α5 integrin, a major fibronectin receptor, is expressed in articular cartilage and has been demonstrated to play roles in synovial joint development and in the regulation of chondrocyte survival and matrix degradation in articular cartilage. We hypothesized that α5 integrin signaling is involved in pathogenesis of OA. To test this, we generated compound mice that conditionally ablate α5 integrin in the synovial joints using the Gdf5Cre system. The compound mice were born normally and had an overall appearance similar to the control mice. However, when the mutant mice received the OA surgery, they showed stronger resistance to osteoarthritic changes than the control. Specifically the mutant knee joints presented lower levels of cartilage matrix and structure loss and synovial changes and showed stronger biomechanical properties than the control knee joints. These findings indicate that α5 integrin may not be essential for synovial joint development but play a causative role in induction of osteoarthritic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Candela
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Aruni T. Gunawardena
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Kairui Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leslie Cantley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Rika Yasuhara
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnosis Science, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Noelle Francois
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Arjan van der Flier
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Han R, Pacifici M, Iwamoto M, Trojanowska M. Endothelial Erg expression is required for embryogenesis and vascular integrity. Organogenesis 2016; 11:75-86. [PMID: 26061019 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2015.1031435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the ETS family of transcription factors are involved in several developmental processes including endothelial cell specification and blood vessel formation, but their exact roles remain unclear. The family member Erg is highly expressed in endothelial cells as compared to other developing cell types including chondrocytes, hematopoietic cells and mesodermal cells. To study the specific roles ERG plays in endothelial cell specification and function during early embryogenesis, we conditionally ablated it by mating ErgloxP/loxP and Tie2-Cre mice. We found that mutant embryos died by mid-gestation and that angiogenesis and vascular integrity were highly compromised. Our study reveals that ERG has essential and cell autonomous roles in endothelial cell development and blood vessel maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Han
- a Arthritis Center; Boston University School of Medicine ; Boston , MA USA
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29
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Abstract
Articular cartilage has obvious and fundamental roles in joint function and body movement. Much is known about its organization, extracellular matrix, and phenotypic properties of its cells, but less is known about its developmental biology. Incipient articular cartilage in late embryos and neonates is a thin tissue with scanty matrix and small cells, while adult tissue is thick and zonal and contains large cells and abundant matrix. What remains unclear is not only how incipient articular cartilage forms, but how it then grows and matures into a functional, complex, and multifaceted structure. This review focuses on recent and exciting discoveries on the developmental biology and growth of articular cartilage, frames them within the context of classic studies, and points to lingering questions and research goals. Advances in this research area will have significant relevance to basic science, and also considerable translational value to design superior cartilage repair and regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah S Decker
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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30
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Li L, Yang C, Liu X, Yang S, Ye S, Jia J, Liu W, Zhang Y. Elevated expression of microRNA-30b in osteoarthritis and its role in ERG regulation of chondrocyte. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:94-9. [PMID: 26653555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ERG (ETS-related gene) belongs to the ETS family of transcription factors, and has been recently reported to contribute to homeostatic balance in skeleton cell plasticity. MicroRNA-30 (miR-30) family is also demonstrated to play a role in controlling chondrocyte differentiation. The current study investigated the miR-30b and ERG expression in articular cartilage of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. A total of 20 subjects, with 10 OA patients and 10 healthy participants, were included in this study. Human chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353 was used to explore the relationship of miR-30b and ERG in vitro. In OA patients, a significant increase of miR-30b and a decrease of ERG were observed in articular cartilage compared with Normal ones. MiR-30b mimic down-regulated the ERG mRNA and protein expression levels, while miR-30b inhibitor up-regulated ERG expression. In addition, miR-30b mimic also decreased the mRNA expression of COL2a and aggrecan, while miR-30b inhibitor had the opposite effect. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-30b targeted ERG. In conclusion, miR-30b was involved in the process of OA, and it probably functioned through its target gene ERG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xianzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shunan Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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