1
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Liu J, Deng Y, Wang A, Liu B, Zhou X, Yin T, Wang Y, Tang T, Qiu Y, Chen J, Yang J. Investigation into the role of the MITA-TRIM38 interaction in regulating pyroptosis and maintaining immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:780. [PMID: 38012139 PMCID: PMC10682411 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The maternal-fetal interface shares similarities with tumor tissues in terms of the immune microenvironment. Normal pregnancy is maintained due to the immunosuppressed state, but pyroptosis induced by MITA can trigger the body's immune response and disrupt the immunosuppressed state of the maternal-fetal interface, leading to abortion. In this study, we explored the role of MITA and TRIM38 in regulating pyroptosis and maintaining the immune tolerance of the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy. Our findings show that the interaction between MITA and TRIM38 plays a crucial role in maintaining the immunosuppressed state of the maternal-fetal interface. Specifically, we observed that TRIM38-mediated K48 ubiquitination of MITA was higher in M2 macrophages, leading to low expression levels of MITA and thus inhibiting pyroptosis. Conversely, in M1 macrophages, the ubiquitination of K48 was lower, resulting in higher expression levels of MITA and promoting pyroptosis. Our results also indicated that pyroptosis played an important role in hindering the transformation of M1 to M2 and maintaining the immunosuppressed state of the maternal-fetal interface. These discoveries help elucidate the mechanisms that support the preservation of the immune tolerance microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface, playing a vital role in ensuring successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - An Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiao Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Dahl MLN, Mikkelsen JH, Hvid M, Korsholm TL, Nielsen KO, Andersen CBF, Greisen S, Deleuran B. Validation of an indirect ELISA assay for assessment of autoantibodies against full-length TRIM21 and its individual domains. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2023; 83:309-317. [PMID: 37379227 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2023.2221862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Anti-SSA-autoantibodies are common in patients with rheumatologic disease, especially Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. They consist of both autoantibodies towards Ro60 and Ro52, the latter also known as TRIM21. TRIM21 is an intracellular protein consisting of four domains; PRY/SPRY, Coiled-Coil, B-box and RING. The aim of this study was to establish an indirect ELISA detecting autoantibodies towards both the full-length TRIM21 protein and its four domains. We expressed the five constructs, created, and validated indirect ELISA protocols for each target using plasma from anti-SSA positive patients and healthy controls. Our findings were validated to the clinically used standards. We measured significantly higher levels of autoantibodies towards our full-length TRIM21, and the PRY/SPRY, Coiled-Coil and RING domains in patients compared to healthy controls. No significant difference in the level of autoantibodies were detected against the B-box domain. Our setups had a signal to noise ratio in the range of 30 to 184, and an OD between 2 and 3. Readings did not decline using NaCl of 500 mM as wash, affirming the high binding affinity of the autoantibodies measured. Our protocols allow us to further study the different autoantibodies of anti-SSA positive patients. This creates the possibility to stratify our patients into subgroups regarding autoantibody profile and specific pheno- or endotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise Næstholt Dahl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine-Line Korsholm
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Stinne Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Vílchez-Oya F, Balastegui Martin H, García-Martínez E, Corominas H. Not all autoantibodies are clinically relevant. Classic and novel autoantibodies in Sjögren’s syndrome: A critical review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003054. [PMID: 36325321 PMCID: PMC9619091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is a heterogeneous systemic disease. The abnormal responses to La/SSB and Ro/SSA of both B-cells and T-cells are implicated as well as others, in the destruction of the epithelium of the exocrine glands, whose tissue characteristically shows a peri-epithelial lymphocytic infiltration that can vary from sicca syndrome to systemic disease and lymphoma. Despite the appearance of new autoantibodies, anti-Ro/SSA is still the only autoantibody included in the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria and is used extensively as a traditional biomarker in clinical practice. The study and findings of new autoantibodies in SjS has risen in the previous decade, with a central role given to diagnosis and elucidating new aspects of SjS physiopathology, while raising the opportunity to establish clinical phenotypes with the goal of predicting long-term complications. In this paper, we critically review the classic and the novel autoantibodies in SjS, analyzing the methods employed for detection, the pathogenic role and the wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vílchez-Oya
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine Section, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - E. García-Martínez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hèctor Corominas
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Hèctor Corominas,
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4
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Jia X, Zhao C, Zhao W. Emerging Roles of MHC Class I Region-Encoded E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687102. [PMID: 34177938 PMCID: PMC8222901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) region contains a multitude of genes relevant to immune response. Multiple E3 ubiquitin ligase genes, including tripartite motif 10 (TRIM10), TRIM15, TRIM26, TRIM27, TRIM31, TRIM38, TRIM39, TRIM40, and RING finger protein 39 (RNF39), are organized in a tight cluster, and an additional two TRIM genes (namely TRIM38 and TRIM27) telomeric of the cluster within the MHC-I region. The E3 ubiquitin ligases encoded by these genes possess important roles in controlling the intensity of innate immune responses. In this review, we discuss the E3 ubiquitin ligases encoded within the MHC-I region, highlight their regulatory roles in innate immunity, and outline their potential functions in infection, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Jia
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Tur-Gracia S, Martinez-Quiles N. Emerging functions of cytoskeletal proteins in immune diseases. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/3/jcs253534. [PMID: 33558442 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are especially dependent on the proper functioning of the actin cytoskeleton, and both innate and adaptive responses rely on it. Leukocytes need to adhere not only to substrates but also to cells in order to form synapses that pass on instructions or kill infected cells. Neutrophils literally squeeze their cell body during blood extravasation and efficiently migrate to the inflammatory focus. Moreover, the development of immune cells requires the remodeling of their cytoskeleton as it depends on, among other processes, adhesive contacts and migration. In recent years, the number of reports describing cytoskeletal defects that compromise the immune system has increased immensely. Furthermore, a new emerging paradigm points toward a role for the cellular actin content as an essential component of the so-called homeostasis-altering molecular processes that induce the activation of innate immune signaling pathways. Here, we review the role of critical actin-cytoskeleton-remodeling proteins, including the Arp2/3 complex, cofilin, coronin and WD40-repeat containing protein 1 (WDR1), in immune pathophysiology, with a special focus on autoimmune and autoinflammatory traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tur-Gracia
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcisa Martinez-Quiles
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain .,Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, 28007 Madrid, Spain
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Wang B, Chen S, Zheng Q, Li Y, Zhang X, Xuan J, Liu Y, Shi G. Early diagnosis and treatment for Sjögren's syndrome: current challenges, redefined disease stages and future prospects. J Autoimmun 2020; 117:102590. [PMID: 33310686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are some challenges and unmet needs in the early diagnosis and management of Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) such as prominent glandular dysfunction at diagnosis and long diagnostic delay. Those challenges are partly attributed to the lack of a good knowledge of the early stages of SjS, which is a major obstacle to delivering appropriate care to SjS patients. Findings from both clinical and experimental studies suggest the plausibility of a redefined SjS course consisting of 4 stages, which includes initiation stage, preclinical stage, asymptomatic SjS stage and overt SjS stage. More studies focusing on the pathological processes and changes during the early stages of SjS are needed. To enable early diagnosis and treatment for SjS, more useful biomarkers of the early stages of SjS need to be identified, and individuals at high risk of SjS development need to be identified. Appropriate screening can be performed to facilitate the early diagnosis of SjS among those high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Shiju Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Jingxiu Xuan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Guixiu Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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7
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Bagavant H, Michrowska A, Deshmukh US. The NZB/W F1 mouse model for Sjögren's syndrome: A historical perspective and lessons learned. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102686. [PMID: 33131691 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic rheumatic autoimmune disorder affecting multiple organ systems. The clinical findings in SS patients show considerable heterogeneity and overlap with other autoimmune diseases. In addition, the autoimmune response in SS initiates several years before the appearance of clinical symptoms. Thus, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the disease process have been a challenge. Several animal model systems of SS-like disease have been developed to overcome these issues. The New Zealand Black (NZB) x New Zealand White (NZW) F1 (NZB/W F1) mouse represents the first spontaneous mouse model of SS. In this review, we provide a historical perspective and detailed description of this mouse model focusing on exocrine gland histopathology, autoantibody populations, and glandular dysfunction. Considering that NZB/W F1 mice also develop a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease, this mouse model mimics the clinical presentation of polyautoimmunity seen in a sizable subset of SS patients. It is plausible that such patients will require distinct therapeutic interventions necessary to treat both SLE and SS. Therefore, the NZB/W F1 mouse is a powerful tool to decipher pathogenic mechanisms involved in SS related polyautoimmunity and develop appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Bagavant
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Aleksandra Michrowska
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Umesh S Deshmukh
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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8
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Parisis D, Chivasso C, Perret J, Soyfoo MS, Delporte C. Current State of Knowledge on Primary Sjögren's Syndrome, an Autoimmune Exocrinopathy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2299. [PMID: 32698400 PMCID: PMC7408693 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands, whereby sicca syndrome and/or systemic manifestations are the clinical hallmarks, associated with a particular autoantibody profile. pSS is the most frequent connective tissue disease after rheumatoid arthritis, affecting 0.3-3% of the population. Women are more prone to develop pSS than men, with a sex ratio of 9:1. Considered in the past as innocent collateral passive victims of autoimmunity, the epithelial cells of the salivary glands are now known to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aetiology of the "autoimmune epithelitis" still remains unknown, but certainly involves genetic, environmental and hormonal factors. Later during the disease evolution, the subsequent chronic activation of B cells can lead to the development of systemic manifestations or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The aim of the present comprehensive review is to provide the current state of knowledge on pSS. The review addresses the clinical manifestations and complications of the disease, the diagnostic workup, the pathogenic mechanisms and the therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Parisis
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.P.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Clara Chivasso
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.P.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Jason Perret
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.P.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | | | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.P.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
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9
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Safonova TN, Zaitseva GV, Loginov VI, Burdenniy AM, Lukina SS. [Association of polymorphisms of the TRIM21 gene with the severity of dry keratoconjunctivitis in rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's disease]. Vestn Oftalmol 2019; 135:192-198. [PMID: 31691659 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2019135052192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmologic manifestation of Sjogren's disease (SD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is dry keratoconjunctivitis (dry eye disease; DED). PURPOSE To study the relationship of polymorphic markers rs7947461 (C/T), rs915956 (C/T), rs4144331 (C/A) of the TRIM21 gene with the severity of DED in patients with RA and SD. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 70 patients with RA (n=27) and SD (n=43). The control group consisted of volunteers without a history of RA or SD (n=35). Alleles of the polymorphic marker C660T rs7947461 of the TRIM21 gene were identified using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method; alleles of the polymorphic marker rs915956 (C/T) and rs4144331 (C/A) of the TRIM21 gene were identified by analyzing DNA melting curves. RESULTS An association was found between the predisposing genotype (TT) of rs7947461 polymorphic marker and the risk of developing severe DED. The AA genotype of rs4144331 polymorphic marker was found only in severe DED (c2=7.74; OR=17.46, CI95%=1.96-318.38, p=0.02). CONCLUSION An association was established between rs7947461 (rs660) and rs4144331 and the risk of developing severe DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Safonova
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - G V Zaitseva
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - V I Loginov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 125315
| | - A M Burdenniy
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 125315
| | - S S Lukina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 125315; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
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10
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Safonova TN, Zaitseva GV, Burdenniy AM. [Polymorphic markers of certain genes in the development of dry keratoconjunctivitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome]. Vestn Oftalmol 2019; 135:254-259. [PMID: 31691669 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2019135052254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article reviews literature on relationships between polymorphic variants of the genes THBS1, GTF2I, MUC1, TRIM21, STAT4, PTPN22 with clinical features of dry keratoconjunctivitis in rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome. The development and implementation of a method for analyzing polymorphic gene variants used to diagnose dry keratoconjunctivitis in rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome will allow assessment of the possibility of developing dry keratoconjunctivitis and/or its progression in patients with autoimmune diseases or in people at risk. Determination of clinical and morphological regularities of dry keratoconjunctivitis in accordance with the revealed molecular and genetic changes will contribute to better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of ophthalmological manifestations of autoimmune diseases, and will also help improve the diagnostics and prognosis of dry keratoconjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Safonova
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - G V Zaitseva
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - A M Burdenniy
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 125315
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11
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Martín-Nares E, Hernández-Molina G. Novel autoantibodies in Sjögren's syndrome: A comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 18:192-198. [PMID: 30572138 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by immune- mediated injury of exocrine glands, as well as a diverse array of extraglandular manifestations. B cell over-activation is a key feature of the disease, attested by the wide spectrum of autoantibodies detected in these patients. Up to date, anti- Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies are traditional biomarkers for disease classification and diagnosis. On the other hand, the detection of novel autoantibodies in SS has increased in the last years, opening a window of opportunity to denote particular stages of the disease, to establish clinical phenotypes, and to predict long-term complications such as lymphoma. For instance, anti-SP-1, anti-CA6 and anti-PSP antibodies occur in an earlier stage than anti-Ro/La antibodies, and may identify a subset of primary Sjögren's syndrome patients with mild or incomplete disease, whereas anti-cofilin-1, anti- alpha-enolase and anti-RGI2 antibodies are potential biomarkers of MALT lymphoma. Antibody detection is also important to elucidate new aspects of SS pathophysiology, and in the future to permit a phenotype-specific patient approach. Herein we review the literature regarding new autoantibodies in SS and attempt to dissect their usefulness as diagnostic tools, pathogenic role, identification of clinical phenotypes and as predictors of an overlap syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martín-Nares
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI., CP 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hernández-Molina
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI., CP 14080 Mexico City, Mexico..
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12
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Burbelo PD, Teos LY, Herche JL, Iadarola MJ, Alevizos I. Autoantibodies against the Immunoglobulin-Binding Region of Ro52 Link its Autoantigenicity with Pathogen Neutralization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3345. [PMID: 29463848 PMCID: PMC5820281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ro52/TRIM21 plays a key role in antibody-dependent pathogen neutralization and is a major autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and other autoimmune diseases. Here we evaluated immunoreactivity against Ro52-related molecules in SS and healthy volunteers. Although most proteins examined were not antigenic, several TRIM paralogs, including TRIM22, and TRIM38, showed sporadic immunoreactivity in SS. In contrast, the murine Ro52 ortholog with limited linear homology demonstrated high levels of autoantibodies implicating the importance of shared conformational epitopes. To further explore the autoantigencity of Ro52, deletion and point mutant analyses were employed revealing previously hidden, robust autoantibodies directed against its C-terminal immunoglobulin-binding domain. Another autoantibody, rheumatoid factor, targeting the Fc region of IgG, strongly overlapped with Ro52 seropositivity (odds ratio 14; P < 0.0001). These convergent mechanistic findings support a model whereby intracellular Ro52-bound antibody-coated pathogen complexes, released or misprocessed from infected cells, drive autoantigenicity against Ro52 and the Fc region of IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Burbelo
- Dental Clinical Research Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Leyla Y Teos
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jesse L Herche
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunction Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilias Alevizos
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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13
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Abstract
The article reviews the results of Russian and foreign studies concerning the search of susceptibility genes for widespread multifactorial diseases: Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Studying regularity patterns of genome changes in autoimmune processes with ophthalmic manifestations and their correlation with the severity of dry keratoconjunctivitis will contribute to a better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of eye manifestations of the diseases, and will also allow the development of new effective methods of diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Safonova
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11 A, B Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - G V Zaitseva
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11 A, B Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
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14
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Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in exocrine glands, resulting in reduced secretion of tears and saliva, manifesting as xerophthalmia and xerostomia, respectively. It is commonly associated with Sjögren’s syndrome type A (Ro) and Sjögren’s syndrome type B (La) antigens. However, in most patients, the identity of the triggering antigen is not known. Factors such as genetics of histocompatibility, dysregulation of T-cells, B-cells and viral infections have been implicated. Several important studies on autoantigens in pSS have been published since a review in 2012, and the aim of this review is to provide an update on further peer-reviewed original articles in this field. Oxidative damage of Ro60 antigen may explain the epitope spreading during the immune activation in pSS. Immune-mediated destruction of the muscarinic receptor-3-expressing cells has been associated with a reduction in parasympathetic function, which could cause reduced secretory function of exocrine glands. Such a process also activates reactive oxidative species and antioxidants, which are linked to the triggering of inflammatory responses. Elevated levels of kallikrein, yet another antigen present in the lacrimal gland and other tissues, are similarly involved in triggering an autoimmune T-cell response against target glands. Studying additional antigens, the platelet-selectin and vasoactive intestinal peptides, in patients with pSS can help to elucidate the origin and process of autoimmunity, or even lead to potential biomarkers. In conclusion, the understanding of autoantigens has led to exciting major advances in the biology of pSS and may influence diagnosis and management of pSS in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.,Corneal and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre.,Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute.,Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School
| | - Vanessa Koh
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute
| | - Bernard Yu-Hor Thong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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15
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Beckman KA, Luchs J, Milner MS, Ambrus JL. The Potential Role for Early Biomarker Testing as Part of a Modern, Multidisciplinary Approach to Sjögren's Syndrome Diagnosis. Adv Ther 2017; 34:799-812. [PMID: 28283891 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-017-0501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic and progressive multisystem autoimmune disease typically managed by rheumatologists. Diagnostic delays are common, due in large part to the non-specific and variable nature of SS symptoms and the slow progression of disease. The hallmark characteristics of SS are dry eye and dry mouth, but there are a broad range of other possible symptoms such as joint and muscle pain, skin rashes, chronic dry cough, vaginal dryness, extremity numbness or tingling, and disabling fatigue. Given that dry eye and dry mouth are typically the earliest presenting complaints, eye care clinicians and dental professionals are often the first point of medical contact and can provide critical collaboration with rheumatologists to facilitate both timely diagnosis and ongoing care of patients with SS. Current diagnostic criteria advocated by the American College of Rheumatology are predicated on the presence of signs/symptoms suggestive of SS along with at least two objective factors such as traditional biomarker positivity, salivary gland biopsy findings, and/or presence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Traditional biomarkers for SS include the autoantibodies anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen A (SS-A/Ro), anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen B (SS-B/La), antinuclear antibody (ANA) titers, and rheumatoid factor (RF). While diagnostically useful, these biomarkers have low specificity for SS and are not always positive, especially in early cases of SS. Several newly-identified biomarkers for SS include autoantibodies to proteins specific to the salivary and lacrimal glands [SP-1 (salivary gland protein-1), PSP (parotid secretory protein), CA-6 (carbonic anhydrase VI)]. Data suggest that these novel biomarkers may appear earlier in the course of disease and are often identified in cases that test negative to traditional biomarkers. The Sjö® test is a commercially available diagnostic panel that incorporates testing for traditional SS biomarkers (anti-SS-A/Ro, anti-SS-B/La, ANA, and RF), as well as three novel, proprietary early biomarkers (antibodies to SP-1, PSP, and CA-6) which provide greater sensitivity and specificity than traditional biomarker testing alone. Timely diagnosis of SS requires appropriate clinical vigilance for potential SS symptoms, referral and collaborative communication among rheumatology, ophthalmology, and oral care professions, and proactive differential work-up that includes both physical and laboratory evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Beckman
- Comprehensive EyeCare of Central Ohio, Westerville, OH, USA.
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jodi Luchs
- Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- South Shore Eye Care, Wantagh, NY, USA
| | - Mark S Milner
- The Eye Center of Southern Connecticut, PC, Hamden, CT, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
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16
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Hu MM, Shu HB. Multifaceted roles of TRIM38 in innate immune and inflammatory responses. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:331-338. [PMID: 28194022 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins represent the largest E3 ubiquitin ligase family. The multifaceted roles of TRIM38 in innate immunity and inflammation have been intensively investigated in recent years. TRIM38 is essential for cytosolic RNA or DNA sensor-mediated innate immune responses to both RNA and DNA viruses, while negatively regulating TLR3/4- and TNF/IL-1β-triggered inflammatory responses. In these processes, TRIM38 acts as an E3 ubiquitin or SUMO ligase, which targets key cellular signaling components, or as an enzymatic activity-independent regulator. This review summarizes recent advances that highlight the critical roles of TRIM38 in the regulation of proper innate immune and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Hu
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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17
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Hamidzadeh K, Christensen SM, Dalby E, Chandrasekaran P, Mosser DM. Macrophages and the Recovery from Acute and Chronic Inflammation. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:567-592. [PMID: 27959619 PMCID: PMC5912892 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have devoted much attention to the diverse roles of macrophages and their contributions to tissue development, wound healing, and angiogenesis. What should not be lost in the discussions regarding the diverse biology of these cells is that when perturbed, macrophages are the primary contributors to potentially pathological inflammatory processes. Macrophages stand poised to rapidly produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines in response to danger signals. The production of these cytokines can initiate a cascade of inflammatory mediator release that can lead to wholesale tissue destruction. The destructive inflammatory capability of macrophages is amplified by exposure to exogenous interferon-γ, which prolongs and heightens inflammatory responses. In simple terms, macrophages can thus be viewed as incendiary devices with hair triggers waiting to detonate. We have begun to ask questions about how these cells can be regulated to mitigate the collateral destruction associated with macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Hamidzadeh
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - Stephen M Christensen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - Elizabeth Dalby
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - Prabha Chandrasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - David M Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
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18
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Abstract
We compiled information on antibodies in Sjögren syndrome, focusing more on clinical manifestations associated with anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies and studies regarding novel antibodies. We reviewed previous as well as most recent studies with the subject heading Sjogren in combination with antibodies and congenital heart block (CHB). Almost half of asymptomatic mothers giving birth to children with CHB ultimately develop Sjögren. We discussed studies concerning the presence of antibodies predating clinical manifestations of disease. Studies in the future are required to ascertain the pathogenic mechanisms associated with these antibodies and the specific clinical manifestation related to new autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Fayyaz
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast, 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, 1000 N Lincoln Boulevard, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Medical and Research Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Biji T Kurien
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast, 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, 1000 N Lincoln Boulevard, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Medical and Research Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast, 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, 1000 N Lincoln Boulevard, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Medical and Research Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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