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Chapman JH, Ghosh D, Attari S, Ude CC, Laurencin CT. Animal Models of Osteoarthritis: Updated Models and Outcome Measures 2016-2023. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 10:127-146. [PMID: 38983776 PMCID: PMC11233113 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-023-00309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Osteoarthritis (OA) is a global musculoskeletal disorder that affects primarily the knee and hip joints without any FDA-approved disease-modifying therapies. Animal models are essential research tools in developing therapies for OA; many animal studies have provided data for the initiation of human clinical trials. Despite this, there is still a need for strategies to recapitulate the human experience using animal models to better develop treatments and understand pathogenesis. Since our last review on animal models of osteoarthritis in 2016, there have been exciting updates in OA research and models. The main purpose of this review is to update the latest animal models and key features of studies in OA research. Method We used our existing classification method and screened articles in PubMed and bibliographic search for animal OA models between 2016 and 2023. Relevant and high-cited articles were chosen for inclusion in this narrative review. Results Recent studies were analyzed and classified. We also identified ex vivo models as an area of ongoing research. Each animal model offers its own benefit in the study of OA and there are a full range of outcome measures that can be assessed. Despite the vast number of models, each has its drawbacks that have limited translating approved therapies for human use. Conclusion Depending on the outcome measures and objective of the study, researchers should pick the best model for their work. There have been several exciting studies since 2016 that have taken advantage of regenerative engineering techniques to develop therapies and better understand OA. Lay Summary Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic debilitating disease without any cure that affects mostly the knee and hip joints and often results in surgical joint replacement. Cartilage protects the joint from mechanical forces and degrades with age or in response to injury. The many contributing causes of OA are still being investigated, and animals are used for preclinical research and to test potential new treatments. A single consensus OA animal model for preclinical studies is non-existent. In this article, we review the many animal models for OA and provide a much-needed update on studies and model development since 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Chapman
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3711, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Debolina Ghosh
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3711, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Seyyedmorteza Attari
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3711, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chinedu C. Ude
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3711, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3711, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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George DS, Jayaraj ND, Pacifico P, Ren D, Sriram N, Miller RE, Malfait AM, Miller RJ, Menichella DM. The Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor d (Mrgprd) mediates pain hypersensitivity in painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain 2024; 165:1154-1168. [PMID: 38147415 PMCID: PMC11017747 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most common and intractable complications of diabetes. Painful diabetic neuropathy is characterized by neuropathic pain accompanied by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptor hyperexcitability, axonal degeneration, and changes in cutaneous innervation. However, the complete molecular profile underlying the hyperexcitable cellular phenotype of DRG nociceptors in PDN has not been elucidated. This gap in our knowledge is a critical barrier to developing effective, mechanism-based, and disease-modifying therapeutic approaches that are urgently needed to relieve the symptoms of PDN. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of DRGs, we demonstrated an increased expression of the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor d (Mrgprd) in a subpopulation of DRG neurons in the well-established high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model of PDN. Importantly, limiting Mrgprd signaling reversed mechanical allodynia in the HFD mouse model of PDN. Furthermore, in vivo calcium imaging allowed us to demonstrate that activation of Mrgprd-positive cutaneous afferents that persist in diabetic mice skin resulted in an increased intracellular calcium influx into DRG nociceptors that we assess in vivo as a readout of nociceptors hyperexcitability. Taken together, our data highlight a key role of Mrgprd-mediated DRG neuron excitability in the generation and maintenance of neuropathic pain in a mouse model of PDN. Hence, we propose Mrgprd as a promising and accessible target for developing effective therapeutics currently unavailable for treating neuropathic pain in PDN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongjun Ren
- Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard J. Miller
- Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniela Maria Menichella
- Departments of Neurology and
- Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Ingram S, Chisholm KI, Wang F, De Koninck Y, Denk F, Goodwin GL. Assessing spontaneous sensory neuron activity using in vivo calcium imaging. Pain 2024; 165:1131-1141. [PMID: 38112748 PMCID: PMC11017743 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Heightened spontaneous activity in sensory neurons is often reported in individuals living with chronic pain. It is possible to study this activity in rodents using electrophysiology, but these experiments require great skill and can be prone to bias. Here, we have examined whether in vivo calcium imaging with GCaMP6s can be used as an alternative approach. We show that spontaneously active calcium transients can be visualised in the fourth lumbar dorsal root ganglion (L4 DRG) through in vivo imaging in a mouse model of inflammatory pain. Application of lidocaine to the nerve, between the inflamed site and the DRG, silenced spontaneous firing and revealed the true baseline level of calcium for spontaneously active neurons. We used these data to train a machine learning algorithm to predict when a neuron is spontaneously active. We show that our algorithm is accurate in 2 different models of pain: intraplantar complete Freund adjuvant and antigen-induced arthritis, with accuracies of 90.0% ±1.2 and 85.9% ±2.1, respectively, assessed against visual inspection by an experienced observer. The algorithm can also detect neuronal activity in imaging experiments generated in a different laboratory using a different microscope configuration (accuracy = 94.0% ±2.2). We conclude that in vivo calcium imaging can be used to assess spontaneous activity in sensory neurons and provide a Google Colaboratory Notebook to allow anyone easy access to our novel analysis tool, for the assessment of spontaneous neuronal activity in their own imaging setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ingram
- Sonia Ingram, Data Scientist, Contract Researcher for King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kim I. Chisholm
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Wang
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec Mental Health Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves De Koninck
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec Mental Health Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Franziska Denk
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George L. Goodwin
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Sun L, Chen C, Xiang X, Guo S, Yang G. Generalized modality responses in primary sensory neurons of awake mice during the development of neuropathic pain. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1368507. [PMID: 38690372 PMCID: PMC11058805 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1368507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peripheral sensory neurons serve as the initial responders to the external environment. How these neurons react to different sensory stimuli, such as mechanical or thermal forces applied to the skin, remains unclear. Methods Using in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging in the lumbar 4 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of awake Thy1.2-GCaMP6s mice, we assessed neuronal responses to various mechanical (punctate or dynamic) and thermal forces (heat or cold) sequentially applied to the paw plantar surface. Results Our data indicate that in normal awake male mice, approximately 14 and 38% of DRG neurons respond to either single or multiple modalities of stimulation. Anesthesia substantially reduces the number of responsive neurons but does not alter the ratio of cells exhibiting single-modal responses versus multi-modal responses. Following peripheral nerve injury, DRG cells exhibit a more than 5.1-fold increase in spontaneous neuronal activity and a 1.5-fold increase in sensory stimulus-evoked activity. As neuropathic pain resulting from nerve injury progresses, the polymodal nature of sensory neurons intensifies. The polymodal population increases from 39.1 to 56.9%, while the modality-specific population decreases from 14.7 to 5.0% within a period of 5 days. Discussion Our study underscores polymodality as a significant characteristic of primary sensory neurons, which becomes more pronounced during the development of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xuwu Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shengyang Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Vincent TL, Miller RE. Molecular pathogenesis of OA pain: Past, present, and future. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:398-405. [PMID: 38244717 PMCID: PMC10984780 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a historical perspective and narrative review on research into the molecular pathogenesis of osteoarthritis pain. DESIGN PubMed databases were searched for combinations of "osteoarthritis", "pain" and "animal models" for papers that represented key phases in the history of osteoarthritis pain discovery research including epidemiology, pathology, imaging, preclinical modeling and clinical trials. RESULTS The possible anatomical sources of osteoarthritis pain were identified over 50 years ago, but relatively slow progress has been made in understanding the apparent disconnect between structural changes captured by radiography and symptom severity. Translationally relevant animal models of osteoarthritis have aided in our understanding of the structural and molecular drivers of osteoarthritis pain, including molecules such as nerve growth factor and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2. Events leading to persistent osteoarthritis pain appear to involve a two-step process involving changes in joint innervation, including neo-innervation of the articular cartilage, as well as sensitization at the level of the joint, dorsal root ganglion and central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS There remains a great need for the development of treatments to reduce osteoarthritis pain in patients. Harnessing all that we have learned over the past several decades is helping us to appreciate the important interaction between structural disease and pain, and this is likely to facilitate development of new disease modifying therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY Oxford, UK.
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Division of Rheumatology and Chicago Center on Musculoskeletal Pain, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Malek N, Mlost J, Kostrzewa M, Rajca J, Starowicz K. Description of Novel Molecular Factors in Lumbar DRGs and Spinal Cord Factors Underlying Development of Neuropathic Pain Component in the Animal Model of Osteoarthritis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1580-1592. [PMID: 37731080 PMCID: PMC10896862 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint disorder, with pain accompanied by functional impairment, as the most pronounced clinical symptom. Currently used pharmacotherapy involves symptomatic treatment that do not always provide adequate pain relief. This may be due to concomitance of central sensitization and development of neuropathic features in OA patients. Here we performed studies in the animal model of OA to investigate of the neuropathic component. Intraarticular injection of monoiodoacetate (MIA, 1 mg) was used to induce OA in Wistar male rats. Development of pain phenotype was assessed by behavioral testing (PAM test and von Frey's test), while corresponding changes in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs L3-L5) and spinal cord (SC) gene expression were assessed by means of qRT-PCR technique. We also performed microtomography of OA-affected knee joints to correlate the level of bone degradation with observed behavioral and molecular changes. We observed gradually developing remote allodynia after MIA treatment, indicating the presence of neuropathic component. Our results showed that, among DRGs innervating knee joint, development of central sensitization is most likely due to peripheral input of stimuli through DRG L5. In SC, development of secondary hypersensitivity correlated with increased expression of TAC1 and NPY. Our studies provided molecular records on abnormal activation of pain transmission markers in DRG and SC during development of OA that are responsible for the manifestation of neuropathic features. The obtained results increase insight into molecular changes occurring in the neuronal tissue during OA development and may contribute to readdressing treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malek
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Mlost
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewa
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jolanta Rajca
- Galen Orthopaedics, Bierun, Poland
- Galen Lab, Bierun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Zhu T, Li H, Chen Y, Jia X, Ma X, Liu X, Feng Y, Ke J. ALPK1 Expressed in IB4-Positive Neurons of Mice Trigeminal Ganglions Promotes MIA-Induced TMJ pain. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6264-6274. [PMID: 37442857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Pain is one of the main reasons for patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders seeking medical care. However, there is no effective treatment yet as its mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we found that the injection of monoiodoacetate (MIA) into mice TMJs can induce typical joint pain as early as 3 days, accompanied by an increased percentage of calcitonin gene-related peptide positive (CGRP+) neurons and isolectin B4 positive (IB4+) in the trigeminal ganglions (TGs). Our previous study has discovered that alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) may be involved in joint pain. Here, we detected the expression of ALPK1 in neurons of TGs in wild-type (WT) mice, and it was upregulated after intra-TMJ injection of MIA. Meanwhile, the increased percentage of neurons in TGs expressing ALPK1 and CGRP or ALPK1 and IB4 was also demonstrated by the immunofluorescent double staining. Furthermore, after the MIA injection, ALPK1-/- mice exhibited attenuated pain behavior, as well as a remarkably decreased percentage of IB4+ neurons and an unchanged percentage of CGRP+ neurons, as compared with WT mice. In vitro assay showed that the value of calcium intensity was weakened in Dil+ neurons from ALPK1-/- mice of TMJ pain induced by the MIA injection, in relation to those from WT mice, while it was significantly enhanced with the incubation of recombinant human ALPK1 (rhA). Taken together, these results suggest that ALPK1 promotes mice TMJ pain induced by MIA through upregulation of the sensitization of IB4+ neurons in TGs. This study will provide a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of TMJ pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taomin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Huimin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- GuangDong Women and Children Hospital, Guangdong, 511400, China
| | - Xueke Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yaping Feng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jin Ke
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Geraghty T, Obeidat AM, Ishihara S, Wood MJ, Li J, Lopes EBP, Scanzello CR, Griffin TM, Malfait AM, Miller RE. Age-Associated Changes in Knee Osteoarthritis, Pain-Related Behaviors, and Dorsal Root Ganglia Immunophenotyping of Male and Female Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1770-1780. [PMID: 37096632 PMCID: PMC10543384 DOI: 10.1002/art.42530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain, yet OA pain management remains poor. Age is the strongest predictor of OA development, and mechanisms driving OA pain are unclear. We undertook this study to characterize age-associated changes in knee OA, pain-related behaviors, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) molecular phenotypes in mice of both sexes. METHODS Male or female C57BL/6 mice 6 or 20 months of age were evaluated for histopathologic knee OA, pain-related behaviors, and L3-L5 DRG immune characterization via flow cytometry. DRG gene expression in older mice and humans was also examined. RESULTS Male mice at 20 months of age had worse cartilage degeneration than 6-month-old mice. Older female mouse knees showed increased cartilage degeneration but to a lesser degree than those of male mice. Older mice of both sexes had worse mechanical allodynia, knee hyperalgesia, and grip strength compared to younger mice. For both sexes, DRGs from older mice showed decreased CD45+ cells and a significant increase in F4/80+ macrophages and CD11c+ dendritic cells. Older male mouse DRGs showed increased expression of Ccl2 and Ccl5, and older female mouse DRGs showed increased Cxcr4 and Ccl3 expression compared to 6-month-old mouse DRGs, among other differentially expressed genes. Human DRG analysis from 6 individuals >80 years of age revealed elevated CCL2 in men compared to women, whereas CCL3 was higher in DRGs from women. CONCLUSION We found that aging in male and female mice is accompanied by mild knee OA, mechanical sensitization, and changes to immune cell populations in the DRG, suggesting novel avenues for development of OA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Geraghty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alia M. Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Carla R. Scanzello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corp. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Timothy M. Griffin
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- OKC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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9
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Ma D, Huang Q, Gao X, Ford NC, Guo R, Zhang C, Liu S, He SQ, Raja SN, Guan Y. The Utility of Peripherally Restricted Kappa-Opioid Receptor Agonists for Inhibiting Below-Level Pain After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 527:92-102. [PMID: 37516437 PMCID: PMC10530135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) can be difficult to treat. Drugs that target the opioid receptor (OR) outside the central nervous system (CNS) have gained increasing interest in pain control owing to their low risk of central side effects. Asimadoline and ICI-204448 are believed to be peripherally restricted KOR agonists withlimited access to the CNS. This study examined whether they can attenuate pain hypersensitivity in mice subjected to a contusive T10 SCI. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of asimadoline (5, 20 mg/kg) and ICI-204448 (1, 10 mg/kg) inhibited heat hypersensitivity at both doses, but only attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity at the high dose. However, the high-dose asimadoline adversely affected animals' exploratory performance in SCI mice and caused aversion, suggesting CNS drug penetration. In contrast, high-dose ICI-204448 did not impair exploration and remained effective in reducing both mechanical and heat hypersensitivities after SCI. Accordingly, we chose to examine the potential peripheral neuronal mechanism for ICI-204448-induced pain inhibition by conducting in vivo calcium imaging of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in Pirt-GCaMP6s+/- mice. High-dose ICI-204448 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) attenuated the increased fluorescence intensity of lumbar DRG neurons activated by a noxious pinch (400 g) stimulation in SCI mice. In conclusion, systemic administration of ICI-204448 achieved SCI pain inhibition at doses that did not induce notable side effects and attenuated DRG neuronal excitability which may partly contribute to its pain inhibition. These findings suggest that peripherally restricted KOR agonists may be useful for treating SCI pain, but the therapeutic window must be carefully examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxu Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xinyan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Neil C Ford
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ruijuan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shao-Qiu He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Srinivasa N Raja
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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10
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Obeidat AM, Wood MJ, Adamczyk NS, Ishihara S, Li J, Wang L, Ren D, Bennett DA, Miller RJ, Malfait AM, Miller RE. Piezo2 expressing nociceptors mediate mechanical sensitization in experimental osteoarthritis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2479. [PMID: 37120427 PMCID: PMC10148822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-opioid targets are needed for addressing osteoarthritis pain, which is mechanical in nature and associated with daily activities such as walking and climbing stairs. Piezo2 has been implicated in the development of mechanical pain, but the mechanisms by which this occurs remain poorly understood, including the role of nociceptors. Here we show that nociceptor-specific Piezo2 conditional knock-out mice were protected from mechanical sensitization associated with inflammatory joint pain in female mice, joint pain associated with osteoarthritis in male mice, as well as both knee swelling and joint pain associated with repeated intra-articular injection of nerve growth factor in male mice. Single cell RNA sequencing of mouse lumbar dorsal root ganglia and in situ hybridization of mouse and human lumbar dorsal root ganglia revealed that a subset of nociceptors co-express Piezo2 and Ntrk1 (the gene that encodes the nerve growth factor receptor TrkA). These results suggest that nerve growth factor-mediated sensitization of joint nociceptors, which is critical for osteoarthritic pain, is also dependent on Piezo2, and targeting Piezo2 may represent a therapeutic option for osteoarthritis pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Natalie S Adamczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Lai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Dongjun Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
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11
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Liao Y, Ren Y, Luo X, Mirando AJ, Long JT, Leinroth A, Ji RR, Hilton MJ. Interleukin-6 signaling mediates cartilage degradation and pain in posttraumatic osteoarthritis in a sex-specific manner. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabn7082. [PMID: 35881692 PMCID: PMC9382892 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn7082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and posttraumatic OA (PTOA) are caused by an imbalance in catabolic and anabolic processes in articular cartilage and proinflammatory changes throughout the joint, leading to joint degeneration and pain. We examined whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling contributed to cartilage degradation and pain in PTOA. Genetic ablation of Il6 in male mice decreased PTOA-associated cartilage catabolism, innervation of the knee joint, and nociceptive signaling without improving PTOA-associated subchondral bone sclerosis or chondrocyte apoptosis. These effects were not observed in female Il6-/- mice. Compared with wild-type mice, the activation of the IL-6 downstream mediators STAT3 and ERK was reduced in the knees and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of male Il6-/- mice after knee injury. Janus kinases (JAKs) were critical for STAT and ERK signaling in cartilage catabolism and DRG pain signaling in tissue explants. Whereas STAT3 signaling was important for cartilage catabolism, ERK signaling mediated neurite outgrowth and the activation of nociceptive neurons. These data demonstrate that IL-6 mediates both cartilage degradation and pain associated with PTOA in a sex-specific manner and identify tissue-specific contributions of downstream effectors of IL-6 signaling, which are potential therapeutic targets for disease-modifying OA drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Liao
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xin Luo
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anthony J. Mirando
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jason T. Long
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Abigail Leinroth
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew J. Hilton
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Corresponding author.
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12
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George DS, Hackelberg S, Jayaraj ND, Ren D, Edassery SL, Rathwell CA, Miller RE, Malfait AM, Savas JN, Miller RJ, Menichella DM. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter deletion prevents painful diabetic neuropathy by restoring mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. Pain 2022; 163:560-578. [PMID: 34232927 PMCID: PMC8720329 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is an intractable complication affecting 25% of diabetic patients. Painful diabetic neuropathy is characterized by neuropathic pain accompanied by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptor hyperexcitability, resulting in calcium overload, axonal degeneration, and loss of cutaneous innervation. The molecular pathways underlying these effects are unknown. Using high-throughput and deep-proteome profiling, we found that mitochondrial fission proteins were elevated in DRG neurons from mice with PDN induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). In vivo calcium imaging revealed increased calcium signaling in DRG nociceptors from mice with PDN. Furthermore, using electron microscopy, we showed that mitochondria in DRG nociceptors had fragmented morphology as early as 2 weeks after starting HFD, preceding the onset of mechanical allodynia and small-fiber degeneration. Moreover, preventing calcium entry into the mitochondria, by selectively deleting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter from these neurons, restored normal mitochondrial morphology, prevented axonal degeneration, and reversed mechanical allodynia in the HFD mouse model of PDN. These studies suggest a molecular cascade linking neuropathic pain to axonal degeneration in PDN. In particular, nociceptor hyperexcitability and the associated increased intracellular calcium concentrations could lead to excessive calcium entry into mitochondria mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, resulting in increased calcium-dependent mitochondrial fission and ultimately contributing to small-fiber degeneration and neuropathic pain in PDN. Hence, we propose that targeting calcium entry into nociceptor mitochondria may represent a promising effective and disease-modifying therapeutic approach for this currently intractable and widespread affliction. Moreover, these results are likely to inform studies of other neurodegenerative disease involving similar underlying events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongjun Ren
- Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Craig A. Rathwell
- Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Richard J. Miller
- Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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13
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Wang D, Chai XQ, Hu SS, Pan F. Joint synovial macrophages as a potential target for intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis-related pain. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:406-415. [PMID: 34861384 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease and is one of the leading causes of chronic pain. Given the multi-factorial nature, numerous efforts have been made to clarify the multiple factors impacting the pain symptoms and joint pathology, including synovial macrophages in particular. Accumulating evidence from studies involving human participants and experimental animal models suggests that accumulating macrophages in synovial tissue are implicated in peripherally mediated pain sensitization of affected joints in osteoarthritis. Crosstalk between synovial macrophages and the innervating primary nociceptive neurons is thought to contribute to this facilitated pain processing by the peripheral nervous system. Due to high plasticity and complexity of synovial macrophages in the joint, safe therapies targeting single cells or molecules are currently lacking. Using advanced technologies (such as single-cell RNA sequencing and mass cytometry), studies have shown that diverse subpopulations of synovial macrophages exist in the distinct synovial microenvironments of specific osteoarthritis subtypes. Considerable progress has been made in delineating the molecular mechanisms of various subsets of synovial macrophages in the development of osteoarthritis. To develop a novel intra-articular treatment paradigm targeting synovial macrophages, we have summarized in this review the recent advances in identifying the functional consequences of synovial macrophage sub-populations and understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving macrophage-mediated remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230001, China.
| | - X-Q Chai
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230001, China.
| | - S-S Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, PR China (Anhui Medical University), Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - F Pan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia.
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14
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Malfait F, Colman M, Vroman R, De Wandele I, Rombaut L, Miller RE, Malfait AM, Syx D. Pain in the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: Mechanisms, models, and challenges. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2021; 187:429-445. [PMID: 34797601 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most common, yet poorly studied, complaints in people suffering from Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS). This heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders is typically characterized by skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, and generalized connective tissue fragility. Most EDS types are caused by genetic defects that affect connective tissue biosynthesis, thereby compromising collagen biosynthesis or fibrillogenesis and resulting in a disorganized extracellular matrix. Even though chronic pain is a major source of disability, functional impairment, and psychosocial suffering in EDS, currently used analgesics and other treatment strategies provide inadequate pain relief and thus represents an important unmet medical need. An important contributor to this is the lack of knowledge about the underlying mechanisms. In this narrative review, we summarize the current understanding of pain and the associated mechanisms in EDS based on clinical studies focusing on questionnaires and experimental pain testing as well as studies in animal models of EDS. In addition, we highlight the challenges, gaps, and opportunities in EDS-pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marlies Colman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Vroman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge De Wandele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lies Rombaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Liu W, Jiang H, Liu X, Hu S, Li H, Feng Y, Ke J, Long X. Melatonin Abates TMJOA Chronic Pain by MT 2R in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons. J Dent Res 2021; 101:111-119. [PMID: 34315312 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211026551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is one of the most common diseases causing chronic pain in the oral and maxillofacial region. So far, there are few ways to relieve the pain of TMJOA. Melatonin (MT) has a good analgesic effect in many diseases, including fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, chronic headache, and burn pain, with very low acute toxicity and side effects. This study was to investigate the role and mechanism of MT in TMJOA chronic pain. In rats TMJOA chronic pain occurred at day 14 after an intra-temporomandibular joint injection of monosodium iodoacetate, which we previously reported. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that MT levels were higher in the synovial fluid from patients and rats with TMJOA as compared with those from control. Fluorescent retrograde tracing (Dil) identified that upregulation of MT type 2 receptor (MT2R) in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons innervating rat temporomandibular joints was accompanied by TMJOA chronic pain. Nociceptive behavior as assessed by von Frey and the Rat Grimace Scale demonstrated that exogenous administration of MT relieved chronic pain in TMJOA rats, whereas blocking MT2R with 4P-PDOT reversed the analgesic effect of MT. Immunofluorescence analysis also confirmed that MT inhibited CGRP and IB4 expression of TG neurons, and this inhibition was reversed by administering the MT2R antagonist in TMJOA rats. By using Fluo-3 AM-based calcium imaging in vitro, MT elicited calcium transients in Dil+ TG neurons, which were significantly abolished by 4P-PDOT. Collectively, this study suggested that MT relieves the TMJOA chronic pain of rats through downregulation of sensitized CGRP+ and IB4+ neurons in TG via MT2R. This will be helpful for health care professionals utilizing MT as an option against TMJOA chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - H Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - S Hu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - H Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Feng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J Ke
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X Long
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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16
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Rebusi R, Olorocisimo JP, Briones J, Ohta Y, Haruta M, Takehara H, Tashiro H, Sasagawa K, Ohta J. Simultaneous CMOS-Based Imaging of Calcium Signaling of the Central Amygdala and the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus During Nociception in Freely Moving Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:667708. [PMID: 34135728 PMCID: PMC8202083 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.667708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging devices have been indispensable in elucidating the workings of the brain in living animals, including unrestrained, active ones. Various devices are available, each with their own strengths and weaknesses in terms of many factors. We have developed CMOS-based needle-type imaging devices that are small and lightweight enough to be doubly implanted in freely moving mice. The design also allowed angled implantations to avoid critical areas. We demonstrated the utility of the devices by using them on GCaMP6 mice in a formalin test experiment. Simultaneous implantations to the capsular-lateral central amygdala (CeLC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were proven to be safe and did not hinder the execution of the study. Analysis of the collected calcium signaling data, supported by behavior data, showed increased activity in both regions as a result of pain stimulation. Thus, we have successfully demonstrated the various advantages of the device in its application in the pain experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Rebusi
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | | | - Jeric Briones
- Division of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan.,Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumi Ohta
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Makito Haruta
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hironari Takehara
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tashiro
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Sasagawa
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Jun Ohta
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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17
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Ishihara S, Obeidat AM, Wokosin DL, Ren D, Miller RJ, Malfait AM, Miller RE. The role of intra-articular neuronal CCR2 receptors in knee joint pain associated with experimental osteoarthritis in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:103. [PMID: 33827672 PMCID: PMC8025346 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C–C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) signaling plays a key role in pain associated with experimental murine osteoarthritis (OA) after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Here, we aimed to assess if CCR2 expressed by intra-articular sensory neurons contributes to knee hyperalgesia in the early stages of the model. Methods DMM surgery was performed in the right knee of 10-week-old male wild-type (WT), Ccr2 null, or Ccr2RFP C57BL/6 mice. Knee hyperalgesia was measured using a Pressure Application Measurement device. CCR2 receptor antagonist (CCR2RA) was injected systemically (i.p.) or intra-articularly (i.a.) at different times after DMM to test its ability to reverse knee hyperalgesia. In vivo Ca2+ imaging of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was performed to assess sensory neuron responses to CCL2 injected into the knee joint cavity. CCL2 protein in the knee was measured by ELISA. Ccr2RFP mice and immunohistochemical staining for the pan-neuronal marker, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), or the sensory neuron marker, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), were used to visualize the location of CCR2 on intra-articular afferents. Results WT, but not Ccr2 null, mice displayed knee hyperalgesia 2–16 weeks after DMM. CCR2RA administered i.p. alleviated established hyperalgesia in WT mice 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Intra-articular injection of CCL2 excited sensory neurons in the L4-DRG, as determined by in vivo calcium imaging; responses to CCL2 increased in mice 20 weeks after DMM. CCL2, but not vehicle, injected i.a. rapidly caused transient knee hyperalgesia in naïve WT, but not Ccr2 null, mice. Intra-articular CCR2RA injection also alleviated established hyperalgesia in WT mice 4 and 7 weeks after surgery. CCL2 protein was elevated in the knees of both WT and Ccr2 null mice 4 weeks after surgery. Co-expression of CCR2 and PGP9.5 as well as CCR2 and CGRP was observed in the lateral synovium of naïve mice; co-expression was also observed in the medial compartment of knees 8 weeks after DMM. Conclusions The findings suggest that CCL2-CCR2 signaling locally in the joint contributes to knee hyperalgesia in experimental OA, and it is in part mediated through direct stimulation of CCR2 expressed by intra-articular sensory afferents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02486-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W Harrison St, Room 714, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Alia M Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W Harrison St, Room 714, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - David L Wokosin
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dongjun Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W Harrison St, Room 714, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W Harrison St, Room 714, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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18
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Malfait AM, Miller RE, Miller RJ. Basic Mechanisms of Pain in Osteoarthritis: Experimental Observations and New Perspectives. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2021; 47:165-180. [PMID: 33781488 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The specific changes in the peripheral neuronal pathways underlying joint pain in osteoarthritis are the focus of this review. The plasticity of the nociceptive system in osteoarthritis and how this involves changes in the structural, physiologic, and genetic properties of neurons in pain pathways are discussed. The role of the neurotrophin, nerve growth factor, in these pathogenic processes is discussed. Finally, how neuronal pathways are modified by interaction with the degenerating joint tissues they innervate and with the innate immune system is considered. These extensive cellular interactions provide a substrate for identification of targets for osteoarthritis pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Room 714, 1735 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Room 714, 1735 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Searle Building Room 8-510, 320 E Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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19
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Berke IM, McGrath TM, Stivers JJ, Gui C, Barcellona MN, Gayoso MG, Tang SY, Cao YQ, Gupta MC, Setton LA. Electric Field Stimulation for the Functional Assessment of Isolated Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Excitability. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:1110-1118. [PMID: 33479787 PMCID: PMC8204591 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded calcium indicators have proven useful for characterizing dorsal root ganglion neuron excitability in vivo. Challenges persist in achieving high spatial-temporal resolutions in vivo, however, due to deep tissue imaging and motion artifacts that may be limiting technical factors in obtaining measurements. Here we report an ex vivo imaging method, using a peripheral neuron-specific Advillin-GCaMP mouse line and electric field stimulation of dorsal root ganglion tissues, to assess the sensitivity of neurons en bloc. The described method rapidly characterizes Ca2+ activity in hundreds of dorsal root ganglion neurons (221 ± 64 per dorsal root ganglion) with minimal perturbation to the in situ soma environment. We further validate the method for use as a drug screening platform with the voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitor, tetrodotoxin. Drug treatment led to decreased evoked Ca2+ activity; half-maximal response voltage (EV50) increased from 13.4 V in untreated tissues to 21.2, 23.3, 51.5 (p < 0.05), and 60.6 V (p < 0.05) at 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µM doses, respectively. This technique may help improve an understanding of neural signaling while retaining tissue structural organization and serves as a tool for the rapid ex vivo recording and assessment of neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Berke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Tom M McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - J Jordan Stivers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Marcos N Barcellona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Matthew G Gayoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Simon Y Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yu-Qing Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Munish C Gupta
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lori A Setton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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20
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Berke IM, Jain E, Yavuz B, McGrath T, Chen L, Silva MJ, Mbalaviele G, Guilak F, Kaplan DL, Setton LA. NF-κB-mediated effects on behavior and cartilage pathology in a non-invasive loading model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:248-256. [PMID: 33246158 PMCID: PMC8023431 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the temporal activation of NF-κB and its relationship to the development of pain-related sensitivity and behavioral changes in a non-invasive murine knee loading model of PTOA. METHOD Following knee injury NF-κB activity was assessed longitudinally via in vivo imaging in FVB. Cg-Tg (HIV-EGFP,luc)8Tsb/J mice. Measures of pain-related sensitivity and behavior were also assessed longitudinally for 16 weeks. Additionally, we antagonized NF-κB signaling via intra-articular delivery of an IκB kinase two antagonist to understand how local NF-κB inhibition might alter disease progression. RESULTS Following joint injury NF-κB signaling within the knee joint was transiently increased and peaked on day 3 with an estimated 1.35 p/s/cm2/sr (95% CI 0.913.1.792 p/s/cm2/sr) fold increase in signaling when compared to control joints. Furthermore, injury resulted in the long-term development of hindpaw allodynia. Hyperalgesia withdrawal thresholds were reduced at injured knee joints, with the largest reduction occurring 2 days following injury (estimate of between group difference 129.1 g with 95% CI 60.9,197.4 g), static weight bearing on injured limbs was also reduced. Local delivery of an NF-κB inhibitor following joint injury reduced chondrocyte death and influenced the development of pain-related sensitivity but did not reduce long-term cartilage degeneration. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the development of behavioral changes in this non-invasive loading model of PTOA and their relationships to NF-κB activation and pathology. They also highlight the potential chondroprotective effects of NF-κB inhibition shortly following joint injury despite limitations in preventing the long-term development of joint degeneration in this model of PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Berke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - E Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - B Yavuz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - T McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - L Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - M J Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - G Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - F Guilak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - D L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - L A Setton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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21
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Ita ME, Ghimire P, Welch RL, Troche HR, Winkelstein BA. Intra-articular collagenase in the spinal facet joint induces pain, DRG neuron dysregulation and increased MMP-1 absent evidence of joint destruction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21965. [PMID: 33319791 PMCID: PMC7738551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration is a hallmark of painful joint disease and is mediated by many proteases that degrade joint tissues, including collagenases. We hypothesized that purified bacterial collagenase would initiate nociceptive cascades in the joint by degrading the capsular ligament's matrix and activating innervating pain fibers. Intra-articular collagenase in the rat facet joint was investigated for its effects on behavioral sensitivity, joint degeneration, and nociceptive pathways in the peripheral and central nervous systems. In parallel, a co-culture collagen gel model of the ligament was used to evaluate effects of collagenase on microscale changes to the collagen fibers and embedded neurons. Collagenase induced sensitivity within one day, lasting for 3 weeks (p < 0.001) but did not alter ligament structure, cartilage health, or chondrocyte homeostasis. Yet, nociceptive mediators were increased in the periphery (substance P, pERK, and MMP-1; p ≤ 0.039) and spinal cord (substance P and MMP-1; p ≤ 0.041). The collagen loss (p = 0.008) induced by exposing co-cultures to collagenase was accompanied by altered neuronal activity (p = 0.002) and elevated neuronal MMP-1 (p < 0.001), suggesting microscale collagen degradation mediates sensitivity in vivo. The induction of sustained sensitivity and nociception without joint damage may explain the clinical disconnect in which symptomatic joint pain patients present without radiographic evidence of joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan E Ita
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6392, USA
| | - Prabesh Ghimire
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6392, USA
| | - Rachel L Welch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6392, USA
| | - Harrison R Troche
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6392, USA
| | - Beth A Winkelstein
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6392, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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22
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de Clauser L, Luiz AP, Santana-Varela S, Wood JN, Sikandar S. Sensitization of Cutaneous Primary Afferents in Bone Cancer Revealed by In Vivo Calcium Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123491. [PMID: 33255209 PMCID: PMC7760605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer-induced bone pain severely impairs the quality of life of cancer patients, many of whom suffer from inadequate pain relief. The development of new analgesic therapies depends on the identification of the cells and mechanisms involved in cancer-induced bone pain. Bone marrow innervating sensory neurons have been proposed to contribute to this debilitating disease, but their role remains unexplored. Here we used in vivo calcium imaging to determine the functional role of bone innervating and skin innervating neurons in contributing to pain at an advanced stage of bone cancer. Our results indicate increased excitability of skin innervating neurons, while those innervating bone are unaffected. Our data suggests skin-innervating neurons become hyperexcitable in cancer-induced bone pain and are a potential target for pain relief. Abstract Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is a complex condition, comprising components of inflammatory and neuropathic processes, but changes in the physiological response profiles of bone-innervating and cutaneous afferents remain poorly understood. We used a combination of retrograde labelling and in vivo calcium imaging of bone marrow-innervating dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons to determine the contribution of these cells in the maintenance of CIBP. We found a majority of femoral bone afferent cell bodies in L3 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) that also express the sodium channel subtype Nav1.8—a marker of nociceptive neurons—and lack expression of parvalbumin—a marker for proprioceptive primary afferents. Surprisingly, the response properties of bone marrow afferents to both increased intraosseous pressure and acid were unchanged by the presence of cancer. On the other hand, we found increased excitability and polymodality of cutaneous afferents innervating the ipsilateral paw in cancer bearing animals, as well as a behavioural phenotype that suggests changes at the level of the DRG contribute to secondary hypersensitivity. This study demonstrates that cutaneous afferents at distant sites from the tumour bearing tissue contribute to mechanical hypersensitivity, highlighting these cells as targets for analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa de Clauser
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (L.d.C.); (A.P.L.); (S.S.-V.); (J.N.W.)
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ana P. Luiz
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (L.d.C.); (A.P.L.); (S.S.-V.); (J.N.W.)
| | - Sonia Santana-Varela
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (L.d.C.); (A.P.L.); (S.S.-V.); (J.N.W.)
| | - John N. Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (L.d.C.); (A.P.L.); (S.S.-V.); (J.N.W.)
| | - Shafaq Sikandar
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (L.d.C.); (A.P.L.); (S.S.-V.); (J.N.W.)
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Correspondence:
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23
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Hartung JE, Gold MS. GCaMP as an indirect measure of electrical activity in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. Cell Calcium 2020; 89:102225. [PMID: 32505783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While debate continues over whether somatosensory information is transmitted via labeled line, population coding, frequency coding, or some combination therein, researchers have begun to address this question at the level of the primary afferent by using optical approaches that enable the assessment of neural activity in hundreds to even thousands of neurons simultaneously. However, with limited availability of tools to optically assess electrical activity in large populations of neurons, researchers have turned to genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) including GCaMP to enable the detection of increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations as a correlate for neuronal activity. One of the most widely used GECIs is GCaMP6, which is available in three different versions tuned for sensitivity (GCaMP6s), speed (GCaMP6f), or a balance of the two (GCaMP6m). In order to determine if these issues were unique to GCaMP6 itself, or if they were inherent to more than one generation of GCaMP, we also characterized jGCaMP7. In the present study, we sought to determine the utility of the three GCaMP6 isoforms to detect changes in activity in primary afferents at frequencies ranging from 0.1-30 Hz. Given the heterogeneity of sensory neurons, we also compared the performance of each GCaMP6 isoform in subpopulations of neurons defined by properties used to identify putative nociceptive afferents: cell body size, isolectin B4 (IB4) binding, and capsaicin sensitivity. Finally, we compared results generated with GCaMP6 with that generated from neurons expressing the next generation of GCaMP, jGCaMP7s and jGCaMP7f. A viral approach, with AAV9-CAG-GCaMP6s/m/f, was used to drive GECI expression in acutely dissociated rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, and neural activity was driven by electrical field stimulation. Infection efficiency with the AAV serotype was high >95 %, and the impact of GCaMP6 expression in TG neurons over the period of study (<10 days) on the regulation of intracellular Ca2+, as assessed with fura-2, was minimal. Having confirmed that the field stimulation evoked Ca2+ transients were dependent on Ca2+ influx secondary to the activation of action potentials and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, we also confirmed that the signal-to-noise ratio for each of the isoforms was excellent, enabling detection of a single spike in>90% of neurons. However, the utility of the GCaMP6 isoforms to enable an assessment of the firing frequency let alone changes in firing frequency of each neuron was relatively limited and isoform specific: GCaMP6s and 6m had the lowest resolution, enabling detection of spikes at 3 Hz in 15% and 32% of neurons respectively, but it was possible to resolve discrete single spikes up to 10 Hz in 36% of GCaMP6f neurons. Unfortunately, using other parameters of the Ca2+ transient, such as magnitude of the transient or the rate of rise, did not improve the range over which these indicators could be used to assess changes in spike number or firing frequency. Furthermore, in the presence of ongoing neural activity, it was even more difficult to detect a change in firing frequency. The frequency response relationship for the increase in Ca2+ was highly heterogeneous among sensory neurons and was influenced by both the GCaMP6 isoform used to assess it, the timing between the delivery of stimulation trains (inter-burst interval), and afferent subpopulation. Notably, the same deficiencies were observed with jGCaMP7s and 7f in resolving the degree of activity as were present for the GCaMP6 isoforms. Together, these data suggest that while both GCaMP6 and jGCaMP7 are potentially useful tools in sensory neurons to determine the presence or absence of neural activity, the ability to discriminate changes in firing frequency ≥ 3 Hz is extremely limited. As a result, GECIs should probably not be used in sensory neurons to assess changes in activity within or between subpopulations of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Hartung
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - Michael S Gold
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
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Zhu J, Zhen G, An S, Wang X, Wan M, Li Y, Chen Z, Guan Y, Dong X, Hu Y, Cao X. Aberrant subchondral osteoblastic metabolism modifies Na V1.8 for osteoarthritis. eLife 2020; 9:57656. [PMID: 32441256 PMCID: PMC7308086 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is the most prominent symptom of osteoarthritis (OA) progression. However, the relationship between pain and OA progression remains largely unknown. Here we report osteoblast secret prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) during aberrant subchondral bone remodeling induces pain and OA progression in mice. Specific deletion of the major PGE2 producing enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in osteoblasts or PGE2 receptor EP4 in peripheral nerve markedly ameliorates OA symptoms. Mechanistically, PGE2 sensitizes dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons by modifying the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.8, evidenced by that genetically or pharmacologically inhibiting NaV1.8 in DRG neurons can substantially attenuate OA. Moreover, drugs targeting aberrant subchondral bone remodeling also attenuates OA through rebalancing PGE2 production and NaV1.8 modification. Thus, aberrant subchondral remodeling induced NaV1.8 neuronal modification is an important player in OA and is a potential therapeutic target in multiple skeletal degenerative diseases. Many people will suffer from joint pain as they age, particularly in their knees. The most common cause of this pain is osteoarthritis, a disease that affects a tissue inside joints called cartilage. In a healthy knee, cartilage acts as a shock absorber. It cushions the ends of bones and enables them to move smoothly against one another. But in osteoarthritis, cartilage gradually wears away. As a result, the bones within a joint rub against each other whenever a person moves. This makes activities such as running or climbing stairs painful. But how does this pain arise? Previous work has implicated cells called osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are found in the area of the bone just below the cartilage. They produce new bone tissue throughout our lives, enabling our bones to regenerate and repair. Each time we move, forces acting on the knee joint activate osteoblasts. The cells respond by releasing a key molecule called PGE2, which is a factor in pain pathways. The joints of people with osteoarthritis produce too much PGE2. But exactly how this leads to increased pain sensation has been unclear. Zhu et al. now complete this story by working out how PGE2 triggers pain. Experiments in mice reveal that PGE2 irritates the nerve fibers that carry pain signals from the knee joint to the brain. It does this by activating a channel protein called Nav1.8, which allows sodium ions through the membranes of those nerve fibers. Zhu et al. show that, in a mouse model of osteoarthritis, Nav1.8 opens too widely in response to binding of PGE2, so the nerve cells become overactive and transmit a stronger pain sensation. This means that even small movements cause intense pain signals to travel from the joints to the brain. Building on their findings, Zhu et al. developed a drug that acts directly on bone to reduce PGE2 production, and show that this drug reduces pain in mice with osteoarthritis. At present, there are no treatments that reverse the damage that occurs during osteoarthritis, but further testing will determine whether this new drug could one day relieve joint pain in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxi Zhu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Senbo An
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Mei Wan
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yusheng Li
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, and Dermatology, Center of Sensory Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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25
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Miller RE, Tran PB, Ishihara S, Syx D, Ren D, Miller RJ, Valdes AM, Malfait AM. Microarray analyses of the dorsal root ganglia support a role for innate neuro-immune pathways in persistent pain in experimental osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:581-592. [PMID: 31982564 PMCID: PMC7214125 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Following destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), mice develop experimental osteoarthritis (OA) and associated pain behaviors that are dependent on the stage of disease. We aimed to describe changes in gene expression in knee-innervating dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after surgery, in order to identify molecular pathways associated with three pre-defined pain phenotypes: "post-surgical pain", "early-stage OA pain", and "persistent OA pain". DESIGN We performed DMM or sham surgery in 10-week old male C57BL/6 mice and harvested L3-L5 DRG 4, 8, and 16 weeks after surgery or from age-matched naïve mice (n = 3/group). RNA was extracted and an Affymetrix Mouse Transcriptome Array 1.0 was performed. Three pain phenotypes were defined: "post-surgical pain" (sham and DMM 4-week vs 14-week old naïve), "early OA pain" (DMM 4-week vs sham 4-week), and "persistent OA pain" (DMM 8- and 16-week vs naïve and sham 8- and 16-week). 'Top hit' genes were defined as P < 0.001. Pathway analysis (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) was conducted using differentially expressed genes defined as P < 0.05. In addition, we performed qPCR for Ngf and immunohistochemistry for F4/80+ macrophages in the DRG. RESULTS For each phenotype, top hit genes identified a small number of differentially expressed genes, some of which have been previously associated with pain (7/67 for "post-surgical pain"; 2/14 for "early OA pain"; 8/37 for "persistent OA pain"). Overlap between groups was limited, with 8 genes differentially regulated (P < 0.05) in all three phenotypes. Pathway analysis showed that in the persistent OA pain phase many of the functions of differentially regulated genes are related to immune cell recruitment and activation. Genes previously linked to OA pain (CX3CL1, CCL2, TLR1, and NGF) were upregulated in this phenotype and contributed to activation of the neuroinflammation canonical pathway. In separate sets of mice, we confirmed that Ngf was elevated in the DRG 8 weeks after DMM (P = 0.03), and numbers of F4/80+ macrophages were increased 16 weeks after DMM (P = 0.002 vs Sham). CONCLUSION These transcriptomics findings support the idea that distinct molecular pathways discriminate early from persistent OA pain. Pathway analysis suggests neuroimmune interactions in the DRG contribute to initiation and maintenance of pain in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Miller
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
| | - Phuong B. Tran
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
| | - Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dongjun Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago IL
| | | | - Ana M. Valdes
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham UK
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
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Ter Heegde F, Luiz AP, Santana-Varela S, Magnúsdóttir R, Hopkinson M, Chang Y, Poulet B, Fowkes RC, Wood JN, Chenu C. Osteoarthritis-related nociceptive behaviour following mechanical joint loading correlates with cartilage damage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:383-395. [PMID: 31911151 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In osteoarthritis (OA), the pain-structure relationship remains complex and poorly understood. Here, we used the mechanical joint loading (MJL) model of OA to investigate both knee pathology and nociceptive behaviour. DESIGN MJL was used to induce OA in the right knees of 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (40 cycles, 9N, 3x/week for 2 weeks). Mechanical sensitivity thresholds and weight-bearing ratios were measured before loading and at weeks one, three and six post-loading. At these time points, separate groups of loaded and non-loaded mice (n = 12/group) were sacrificed, joints collected, and fur corticosterone levels measured. μCT analyses of subchondral bone integrity was performed before joint sections were prepared for nerve quantification, cartilage or synovium grading (scoring system from 0 to 6). RESULTS Loaded mice showed increased mechanical hypersensitivity paired with altered weight-bearing. Initial ipsilateral cartilage lesions 1-week post-loading (1.8 ± 0.4) had worsened at weeks three (3.0 ± 0.6, CI = -1.8-0.6) and six (2.8 ± 0.4, CI = -1.6-0.4). This increase in lesion severity correlated with mechanical hypersensitivity development (correlation; 0.729, P = 0.0071). Loaded mice displayed increased synovitis (3.6 ± 0.5) compared to non-loaded mice (1.5 ± 0.5, CI = -2.2-0.3) 1-week post-loading which returned to normal by weeks three and six. Similarly, corticosterone levels were only increased at week one post-loading (0.21 ± 0.04 ng/mg) compared to non-loaded controls (0.14 ± 0.01 ng/mg, CI = -1.8-0.1). Subchondral bone integrity and nerve volume remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates that although the loading induces an initial stress reaction and local inflammation, these processes are not directly responsible for the nociceptive phenotype observed. Instead, MJL-induced allodynia is mainly associated with OA-like progression of cartilage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ter Heegde
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK; Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - A P Luiz
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - S Santana-Varela
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - R Magnúsdóttir
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - M Hopkinson
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Y Chang
- Research Office, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - B Poulet
- Muscoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
| | - R C Fowkes
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - J N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - C Chenu
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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27
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Shin SM, Cai Y, Itson-Zoske B, Qiu C, Hao X, Xiang H, Hogan QH, Yu H. Enhanced T-type calcium channel 3.2 activity in sensory neurons contributes to neuropathic-like pain of monosodium iodoacetate-induced knee osteoarthritis. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920963807. [PMID: 33054557 PMCID: PMC7570798 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920963807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The monosodium iodoacetate knee osteoarthritis model has been widely used for the evaluation of osteoarthritis pain, but the pathogenesis of associated chronic pain is not fully understood. The T-type calcium channel 3.2 (CaV3.2) is abundantly expressed in the primary sensory neurons, in which it regulates neuronal excitability at both the somata and peripheral terminals and facilitates spontaneous neurotransmitter release at the spinal terminals. In this study, we investigated the involvement of primary sensory neuron-CaV3.2 activation in monosodium iodoacetate osteoarthritis pain. Knee joint osteoarthritis pain was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (2 mg) in rats, and sensory behavior was evaluated for 35 days. At that time, knee joint structural histology, primary sensory neuron injury, and inflammatory gliosis in lumbar dorsal root ganglia, and spinal dorsal horn were examined. Primary sensory neuron-T-type calcium channel current by patch-clamp recording and CaV3.2 expression by immunohistochemistry and immunoblots were determined. In a subset of animals, pain relief by CaV3.2 inhibition after delivery of CaV3.2 inhibitor TTA-P2 into sciatic nerve was investigated. Knee injection of monosodium iodoacetate resulted in osteoarthritis histopathology, weight-bearing asymmetry, sensory hypersensitivity of the ipsilateral hindpaw, and inflammatory gliosis in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia, sciatic nerve, and spinal dorsal horn. Neuronal injury marker ATF-3 was extensively upregulated in primary sensory neurons, suggesting that neuronal damage was beyond merely knee-innervating primary sensory neurons. T-type current in dissociated primary sensory neurons from lumbar dorsal root ganglia of monosodium iodoacetate rats was significantly increased, and CaV3.2 protein levels in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn ipsilateral to monosodium iodoacetate by immunoblots were significantly increased, compared to controls. Perineural application of TTA-P2 into the ipsilateral sciatic nerve alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity and weight-bearing asymmetry in monosodium iodoacetate osteoarthritis rats. Overall, our findings demonstrate an elevated CaV3.2 expression and enhanced function of primary sensory neuron-T channels in the monosodium iodoacetate osteoarthritis pain. Further study is needed to delineate the importance of dysfunctional primary sensory neuron-CaV3.2 in osteoarthritis pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yongsong Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Xi’an Honghui Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Brandon Itson-Zoske
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chensheng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xu Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hongfei Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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28
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Obeidat AM, Miller RE, Miller RJ, Malfait AM. The nociceptive innervation of the normal and osteoarthritic mouse knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1669-1679. [PMID: 31351964 PMCID: PMC7020657 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document the nociceptive innervation of the normal and osteoarthritic murine knee. METHODS Knees were collected from naïve male C57BL/6 NaV1.8-tdTomato reporter mice aged 10, 26, and 52 weeks (n = 5/group). Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) or sham surgeries (n = 5/group) were performed in the right knee of 10-week old male NaV1.8-tdTomato mice, and knees were harvested 16 weeks later. Twenty 20-μm frozen sections from a 400-μm mid-joint region were collected for confocal microscopy. Integrated density of the tdTomato signal was calculated using Image J by two independent observers blinded to the groups. Consecutive sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin. C57BL/6-Pirt-GCaMP3 mice (n = 5/group) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) immunostaining of C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice (n = 5/group) were used to confirm innervation patterns. RESULTS In naive 10-week old mice, nociceptive innervation was most dense in bone marrow cavities, lateral synovium and at the insertions of the cruciate ligaments. By age 26 weeks, unoperated knees showed a marked decline in nociceptors in the lateral synovium and cruciate ligament insertions. No further decline was observed by age 1 year. Sixteen weeks after DMM, the medial compartment of OA knees exhibited striking changes in NaV1.8+ innervation, including increased innervation of the medial synovium and meniscus, and nociceptors in subchondral bone channels. All results were confirmed through quantification, also in Pirt-GCaMP3 and PGP9.5-immunostained WT mice. CONCLUSIONS Nociceptive innervation of the mouse knee markedly declines by age 26 weeks, before onset of spontaneous OA. Late-stage surgically induced OA is associated with striking plasticity of joint afferents in the medial compartment of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M. Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
| | - Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
| | | | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
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29
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Wang L, Jiang X, Zheng Q, Jeon SM, Chen T, Liu Y, Kulaga H, Reed R, Dong X, Caterina MJ, Qu L. Neuronal FcγRI mediates acute and chronic joint pain. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3754-3769. [PMID: 31211699 DOI: 10.1172/jci128010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although joint pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is conventionally thought to result from inflammation, arthritis pain and joint inflammation are at least partially uncoupled. This suggests that additional pain mechanisms in RA remain to be explored. Here we show that FcγRI, an immune receptor for IgG immune complex (IgG-IC), is expressed in a subpopulation of joint sensory neurons and that, under naïve conditions, FcγRI crosslinking by IgG-IC directly activates the somata and peripheral terminals of these neurons to evoke acute joint hypernociception without obvious concurrent joint inflammation. These effects were diminished in both global and sensory neuron-specific Fcgr1 knockout mice. In murine models of inflammatory arthritis, FcγRI signaling was upregulated in joint sensory neurons. Acute blockade or global genetic deletion of Fcgr1 significantly attenuated arthritis pain and hyperactivity of joint sensory neurons without measurably altering joint inflammation. Conditional deletion of Fcgr1 in sensory neurons produced similar analgesic effects in these models. We therefore suggest that FcγRI expressed in sensory neurons contributes to arthritis pain independently of its functions in inflammatory cells. These findings expand our understanding of the immunosensory capabilities of sensory neurons and imply that neuronal FcγRI merits consideration as a target for treating RA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
| | - Qin Zheng
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience
| | - Sang-Min Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
| | - Tiane Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
| | | | - Randall Reed
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and
| | | | - Michael J Caterina
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lintao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
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30
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Huang Y, Patil MJ, Yu M, Liptak P, Undem BJ, Dong X, Wang G, Yu S. Effects of ginger constituent 6-shogaol on gastroesophageal vagal afferent C-fibers. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13585. [PMID: 30947399 PMCID: PMC6522279 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginger has been used as an herbal medicine worldwide to relieve nausea/vomiting and gastrointestinal discomfort, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of its neuronal action remain unclear. The present study aimed to determine the effects of ginger constituent 6-shogaol on gastroesophageal vagal nodose C-fibers. METHODS Extracellular single-unit recording and two-photon nodose neuron imaging were performed, respectively, in ex vivo gastroesophageal-vagal preparations from wild type and Pirt-GCaMP6 transgenic mice. The action potential discharge or calcium influx evoked by mechanical distension and chemical perfusions applied to the gastroesophageal vagal afferent nerve endings were recorded, respectively, at their intact neuronal cell soma in vagal nodose ganglia. The effects of 6-shogaol on nodose C-fiber neurons were then compared and determined. KEY RESULTS Gastroesophageal application of 6-shogaol-elicited intensive calcium influxes in nodose neurons and evoked robust action potential discharges in most studied nodose C-fibers. Such activation effects were followed by a desensitized response to the second application of 6-shogaol. However, action potential discharges evoked by esophageal mechanical distension, after 6-shogaol perfusion, did not significantly change. Pretreatment with TRPA1 selective blocker HC-030031 inhibited 6-shogaol-induced action potential discharges in gastric and esophageal nodose C-fiber neurons, suggesting that TRPA1 played a role in mediating 6-shogaol-induced activation response. CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES This study provides evidence that ginger constituent 6-shogaol directly activates vagal afferent C-fiber peripheral gastrointestinal endings. This activation leads to desensitization to subsequent application of 6-shogaol but not subsequent esophageal mechanical distension. Further investigation is required to establish a possible contribution in its anti-emetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Huang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mayur J. Patil
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mingwei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Peter Liptak
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bradley J. Undem
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, Solomon H. Snyder Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shaoyong Yu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA,Corresponding: Shaoyong Yu, MD, MPH., Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Building, Room 945, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore 21205, Phone: (410) 502-2455,
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31
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Abstract
Visualization of dynamic cellular activity has greatly expanded our understanding of brain function. Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies imaging rodent brain activity in real time. However, traditional in vivo calcium imaging technology has been limited to superficial brain structures. Because the trigeminal ganglion (TG) is located deep within the cranial cavity of mice, few studies have been able to access to it. To circumvent this limitation, overlying brain tissue must be removed to expose the TG so that optical recording can access deep brain neural ensembles. This unit describes a procedure for conducting non-survival surgery to visualize the TG in live mice. Obtaining large ensembles of direct, real-time readouts of sensory neuron signaling, providing temporal and spatial information across the TG, will help to define the cellular basis of orofacial somatic sensing and pain perception. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Hu
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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32
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Zhu S, Zhu J, Zhen G, Hu Y, An S, Li Y, Zheng Q, Chen Z, Yang Y, Wan M, Skolasky RL, Cao Y, Wu T, Gao B, Yang M, Gao M, Kuliwaba J, Ni S, Wang L, Wu C, Findlay D, Eltzschig HK, Ouyang HW, Crane J, Zhou FQ, Guan Y, Dong X, Cao X. Subchondral bone osteoclasts induce sensory innervation and osteoarthritis pain. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1076-1093. [PMID: 30530994 DOI: 10.1172/jci121561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint pain is the defining symptom of osteoarthritis (OA) but its origin and mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated an unprecedented role of osteoclast-initiated subchondral bone remodeling in sensory innervation for OA pain. We show that osteoclasts secrete netrin-1 to induce sensory nerve axonal growth in subchondral bone. Reduction of osteoclast formation by knockout of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (Rankl) in osteocytes inhibited the growth of sensory nerves into subchondral bone, dorsal root ganglion neuron hyperexcitability, and behavioral measures of pain hypersensitivity in OA mice. Moreover, we demonstrated a possible role for netrin-1 secreted by osteoclasts during aberrant subchondral bone remodeling in inducing sensory innervation and OA pain through its receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer). Importantly, knockout of Netrin1 in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP-positive) osteoclasts or knockdown of Dcc reduces OA pain behavior. In particular, inhibition of osteoclast activity by alendronate modifies aberrant subchondral bone remodeling and reduces innervation and pain behavior at the early stage of OA. These results suggest that intervention of the axonal guidance molecules (e.g., netrin-1) derived from aberrant subchondral bone remodeling may have therapeutic potential for OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouan Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxi Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Senbo An
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, and Dermatology, Center of Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Leroy Skolasky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manman Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Kuliwaba
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chuanlong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Findlay
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Wei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,ZJU-UoE Joint Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Janet Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Feng-Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, and Dermatology, Center of Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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33
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a major source of pain and disability worldwide. OA-associated pain is usually refractory to classically used analgesics, and disease-modifying therapies are still lacking. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms and mediators contributing to the generation and maintenance of OA pain is critical for the development of efficient and safe pain-relieving therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Both peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to OA pain. Clinical evidence suggests that a strong peripheral nociceptive drive from the affected joint maintains pain and central sensitization associated with OA. Mediators present in the OA joint, including nerve growth factor, chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells can contribute to sensitization. Furthermore, structural alterations in joint innervation and nerve damage occur in the course of OA. Several interrelated pathological processes, including joint damage, structural reorganization of joint afferents, low-grade inflammation, neuroplasticity, and nerve damage all contribute to the pain observed in OA. It can be anticipated that elucidating exactly how these mechanisms are operational in the course of progressive OA may lead to the identification of novel targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Phuong B Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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34
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Miller RE, Malfait AM. Osteoarthritis pain: What are we learning from animal models? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 31:676-687. [PMID: 30509413 PMCID: PMC6284232 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
All experimental models of osteoarthritis (OA)-like joint damage are accompanied by behaviors indicative of pain. In experimental knee OA, evoked pain responses to exogenously applied stimuli suggest that animals become sensitized to mechanical stimuli. Neurobiological techniques including electrophysiology and in vivo calcium imaging confirm that joint damage is associated with mechanical stimuli through peripheral sensitization. Several mediators present in the OA joint can cause peripheral sensitization, most notably the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF). Furthermore, experimental OA is associated with neuroinflammation in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS), including macrophage infiltration of the dorsal root ganglia and microglial activation in the spinal cord. Increasingly, researchers are employing models that are slowly progressive, and this approach has revealed that distinct pain mechanisms operate in a time-dependent manner, which may have important translational significance. While the study of pain in experimental OA is rapidly evolving, with the application of increasingly sophisticated techniques to assess pain and unravel the neurobiology of its genesis, important gaps and limitations in our current approaches exist, which our research community needs to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W Harrison St, Room 714, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
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