1
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Zitzmann M, Fröhling M, Dube H. Gain of Function Recyclable Photoswitches: Reversible Simultaneous Substitution and Photochromism Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318767. [PMID: 38315498 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The use of molecular photoswitches has spread to virtually every field of pure and applied chemistry because of the extraordinary level of control they provide over the behavior of matter at the smallest scales. Photoswitches possess at least two different states with distinct structures and/or electronics and further functionalization of their core chromophore structures is needed to tailor them for a specific application. In this work we present a different concept for the generation and use of molecular photoswitches. It allows not only simultaneous establishment of photochromism and functionalization, but also full recyclability of a non-photochromic precursor material. Using a high-yielding and reversible ammonium salt formation, a functional group is introduced into a symmetric precursor while at the same time a strong electronic push-pull character is established in the structure. The resulting desymmetrization leads to efficient photoswitching capacity and the functional group can be fully removed subsequently by a simple heating step recovering the precursor for another functionalization round. We finally demonstrate feasibility of this concept over two consecutive closed loop functionalization/photoswitching/recovery steps. This concept offers great potential in any chemical research and application driven area but especially for the creation of responsive reprogrammable materials, no-background photoswitch labeling, and sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Zitzmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fröhling
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Hazra A, Samanta SK. Main-Chain Cationic Polyelectrolytes: Design, Synthesis, and Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2417-2438. [PMID: 38253020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes have attracted a lot of attention spanning across disciplines, including polymer chemistry, materials chemistry, chemical biology, chemical engineering, as well as device physics, as a result of their widespread applications in sensing, biomedicine, food industry, wastewater treatment, optoelectronic devices, and renewable energy. In this review, we focus on the crucial synthetic strategies of structurally different classes of main-chain cationic polyelectrolytes. As a result of the presence of charged moieties in the main polymeric backbone, their solubility and photophysical properties can be easily tuned. Main-chain cationic polyelectrolytes provide various unique characteristics, including solubility in aqueous and organic solvents, easy processability, ease of film formation, ionic interaction, main-chain-directed charge transport, high conductivity, and aggregation. These properties make the main-chain polyelectrolyte a potential candidate for numerous applications ranging from chemo- and biosensing, antibacterial activity, optoelectronics, electrocatalysis, water splitting, ion conduction, to dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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3
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Gahlot S, Schmitt JL, Chevalier A, Villa M, Roy M, Ceroni P, Lehn JM, Gingras M. "The Sulfur Dance" Around Arenes and Heteroarenes - the Reversible Nature of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions. Chemistry 2024:e202400231. [PMID: 38289151 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
We disclose the features of a category of reversible nucleophilic aromatic substitutions in view of their significance and generality in dynamic aromatic chemistry. Exchange of sulfur components surrounding arenes and heteroarenes may occur at 25 °C, in a process that one may call a "sulfur dance". These SN Ar systems present their own features, apart from common reversible reactions utilized in dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC). By varying conditions, covalent dynamics may operate to provide libraries of thiaarenes with some selectivity, or conversion of a hexa(thio)benzene asterisk into another one. The reversible nature of SN Ar is confirmed by three methods: a convergence of the products distribution in reversible SN Ar systems, a related product redistribution between two per(thio)benzenes by using a thiolate promoter, and from kinetic/thermodynamic data. A four-component dynamic covalent system further illustrates the thermodynamically-driven formation of a thiacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine by sulfur component exchanges. This work stimulates the implementation of reversible SN Ar in aromatic chemistry and in DCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Gahlot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Schmitt
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Aline Chevalier
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Marco Villa
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, 13288, Marseille, France
- Department of Chemistry ("Giacomo Ciamician"), University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Myriam Roy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, 13288, Marseille, France
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry ("Giacomo Ciamician"), University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Marc Gingras
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, 13288, Marseille, France
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4
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Chen S, Scholiers V, Zhang M, Zhang J, Zhu J, Prez FED, Pan X. Thermally Responsive Selenide-containing Materials Based on Transalkylation of Selenonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309652. [PMID: 37851486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) possess unique properties as a result of their internal dynamic bonds, such as self-healing and reprocessing abilities. In this study, we report a thermally responsive C-Se dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) that relies on the transalkylation exchange between selenonium salts and selenides, which undergo a fast transalkylation reaction in the absence of any catalyst. Additionally, we demonstrate the presence of a dissociative mechanism in the absence of selenide groups. After incorporation of this DCC into selenide-containing polymer materials, it was observed that the cross-linked networks display varying dynamic exchange rates when using different alkylation reagents, suggesting that the reprocessing capacity of selenide-containing materials can be regulated. Also, by incorporating selenonium salts into polymer materials, we observed that the materials exhibited good healing ability at elevated temperatures as well as excellent solvent resistance at ambient temperature. This novel dynamic covalent chemistry thus provides a straightforward method for the healing and reprocessing of selenide-containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Department Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Scholiers
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Department Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Department Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Department Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Department Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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5
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Jia S, Ye H, He P, Lin X, You L. Selection of isomerization pathways of multistep photoswitches by chalcogen bonding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7139. [PMID: 37932318 PMCID: PMC10628202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multistep photoswitches are able to engage in different photoisomerization pathways and are challenging to control. Here we demonstrate a multistep sequence of E/Z isomerization and photocyclization/cycloreversion of photoswitches via manipulating the strength and mechanism of noncovalent chalcogen bonding interactions. The incorporation of chalcogens and the formyl group on open ethene bridged dithienylethenes offers a versatile skeleton for single photochromic molecules. While bidirectional E/Z photoswitching is dominated by neutral tellurium arising from enhanced resonance-assisted chalcogen bonding, the creation of cationic telluronium enables the realization of photocyclization/cycloreversion. The reversible nucleophilic substitution reactions further allow interconversion between neutral tellurium and cationic telluronium and selection of photoisomerization mechanisms on purpose. By leveraging unique photoswitching patterns and dynamic covalent reactivity, light and pH stimuli-responsive multistate rewritable materials were constructed, triggered by an activating reagent for additional control. The results should provide ample opportunities to molecular recognition, intelligent switches, information encryption, and smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaipeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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6
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Jyoti Roy V, Pathania V, Raha Roy S. Making and Breaking of C-N Bonds: Applications in the Synthesis of Unsymmetric Tertiary Amines and α-Amino Carbonyl Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202200998. [PMID: 36373843 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An operationally simple process has been developed for the synthesis of unsymmetrical amines and α-amino carbonyl derivatives in the absence of a catalyst, ligand, oxidant, or any additives. Contrary to known reductive amination methods, this protocol is amenable to substrates containing other reducible groups. This process effectively results in consecutive cleavage and formation of C-N bonds. DFT studies and Hammett analysis provide useful insight into the mechanism. The role of noncovalent interactions as a stabilizing factor have been examined in the protocol. A wide range of alkyl-bromides have been coupled efficiently with a variety of dimethyl anilines to get unsymmetric tertiary amines with yields up to 90%. This methodology was further extended to the synthesis of α-amino carbonyl derivatives with yields up to 93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vishali Pathania
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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7
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Walsh MP, Phelps JM, Lennon ME, Yufit DS, Kitching MO. Enantioselective synthesis of ammonium cations. Nature 2021; 597:70-76. [PMID: 34471272 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Control of molecular chirality is a fundamental challenge in organic synthesis. Whereas methods to construct carbon stereocentres enantioselectively are well established, routes to synthesize enriched heteroatomic stereocentres have garnered less attention1-5. Of those atoms commonly present in organic molecules, nitrogen is the most difficult to control stereochemically. Although a limited number of resolution processes have been demonstrated6-8, no general methodology exists to enantioselectively prepare a nitrogen stereocentre. Here we show that control of the chirality of ammonium cations is easily achieved through a supramolecular recognition process. By combining enantioselective ammonium recognition mediated by 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol scaffolds with conditions that allow the nitrogen stereocentre to racemize, chiral ammonium cations can be produced in excellent yields and selectivities. Mechanistic investigations demonstrate that, through a combination of solution and solid-phase recognition, a thermodynamically driven adductive crystallization process is responsible for the observed selectivity. Distinct from processes based on dynamic and kinetic resolution, which are under kinetic control, this allows for increased selectivity over time by a self-corrective process. The importance of nitrogen stereocentres can be revealed through a stereoselective supramolecular recognition, which is not possible with naturally occurring pseudoenantiomeric Cinchona alkaloids. With practical access to the enantiomeric forms of ammonium cations, this previously ignored stereocentre is now available to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | - Marc E Lennon
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK
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8
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Maassen EEL, Heuts JPA, Sijbesma RP. Reversible crosslinking and fast stress relaxation in dynamic polymer networks via transalkylation using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic covalent network using transalkylation of benzyl-DABCO crosslinkers features fast relaxation with a very strong temperature dependence. The network is de-crosslinked by an excess of DABCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline E. L. Maassen
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
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9
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Anti-bacterial dynamic hydrogels prepared from O-carboxymethyl chitosan by dual imine bond crosslinking for biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1146-1155. [PMID: 33189749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Imine dynamic hydrogels are synthesized via dual-imine bond crosslinking from O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and a water soluble dynamer using a 'green' approach. Three dynamers are prepared through reaction of benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde and di-amino Jeffamine with molar mass of 500, 800 and 1900, respectively. Hydrogels, namely H500, H800 and H1900 are then obtained by mixing CMCS and dynamer aqueous solutions. FT-IR confirms the formation of hydrogels via imine bonding. H1900 presents larger pore size and higher storage modulus as compared to H500 and H800 due to the higher molar mass of Jeffamine linker. The hydrogels exhibit pH sensitive swelling behavior due to electrostatic attraction or repulsion in the pH range from 3 to 10. The highest swelling ratio is obtained at pH 8, reaching 7500% for H800. Self-healing of hydrogels is evidenced by rheological measurements with alternatively applied low and high strains, and by using a macroscopic approach with re-integration of injected filaments. Furthermore, the H1900 membrane exhibits outstanding antibacterial activity against an E. coli suspension at 108 CFU mL-1. Therefore, dynamic hydrogels synthesized from CMCS and Jeffamine present outstanding rheological, swelling, self-healing and antibacterial properties, and are most promising as healthcare material in wound dressing, drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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10
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Ye F, Ge Y, Spannenberg A, Neumann H, Beller M. The role of allyl ammonium salts in palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions towards the synthesis of spiro-fused heterocycles. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5383. [PMID: 33097719 PMCID: PMC7584656 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a continuous need for designing new and improved synthetic methods aiming at minimizing reaction steps while increasing molecular complexity. In this respect, catalytic, one-pot cascade methodologies constitute an ideal tool for the construction of complex molecules with high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Herein, we describe two general and efficient cascade procedures for the synthesis of spiro-fused heterocylces. This transformation combines selective nucleophilic substitution (SN2′), palladium-catalyzed Heck and C–H activation reactions in a cascade manner. The use of allylic ammonium salts and specific Pd catalysts are key to the success of the transformations. The synthetic utility of these methodologies is showcased by the preparation of 48 spiro-fused dihydrobenzofuranes and indolines including a variety of fluorinated derivatives. Synthetic methods aiming at minimizing reaction steps while increasing molecular complexity are highly sought after by organic chemists. Here, the authors report two cascade procedures combining nucleophilic substitution, palladium-catalyzed Heck and C–H activation reactions for the synthesis of spiro-fused heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, 311121, Hangzhou, PR China.,Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yao Ge
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
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11
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Chakma P, Morley CN, Sparks JL, Konkolewicz D. Exploring How Vitrimer-like Properties Can Be Achieved from Dissociative Exchange in Anilinium Salts. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Colleen N. Morley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Jessica L. Sparks
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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12
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Chakma P, Konkolewicz D. Dynamic Covalent Bonds in Polymeric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9682-9695. [PMID: 30624845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) have received significant attention over the past decade. These are covalent bonds that are capable of exchanging or switching between several molecules. Particular focus has recently been on utilizing these DCBs in polymeric materials. Introduction of DCBs into a polymer material provides it with powerful properties including self-healing, shape-memory properties, increased toughness, and ability to relax stresses as well as to change from one macromolecular architecture to another. This Minireview summarizes commonly used powerful DCBs formed by simple, often "click" reactions, and highlights the powerful materials that can result. Challenges and potential future developments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMiami University 651 East High Street Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMiami University 651 East High Street Oxford OH 45056 USA
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14
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Chakma P, Digby ZA, Shulman MP, Kuhn LR, Morley CN, Sparks JL, Konkolewicz D. Anilinium Salts in Polymer Networks for Materials with Mechanical Stability and Mild Thermally Induced Dynamic Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:95-100. [PMID: 35619436 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nucleophilic exchange of quaternary anilinium salts has been incorporated into rehealable and malleable polymeric materials that can be activated under mild (60 °C) thermal stimulus. The mechanism of dynamic exchange between quaternary anilinium salt and free aniline was assessed in small-molecule model experiments. The dynamic exchange was found to be dissociative in nature, due to the indirect SN2 mechanism, where initially the bromide anion attacks the anilinium salt to generate an alkyl bromide which undergoes subsequent attack by a free aniline group. A quaternary anilinium-based cross-linker was synthesized to act as dynamic linkages in the polymer network. Cross-linked polymeric materials showed thermoresponsive rehealing and malleability properties at 60 °C along with being resistant to irreversible creep under ambient conditions. The use of anilinium salts enables dynamic exchange to occur with significantly milder thermal stimulus than other comparable materials, while maintaining mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Zachary A. Digby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Max P. Shulman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Leah R. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Colleen N. Morley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Jessica L. Sparks
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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15
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Baruah R, Kumar A, Ujjwal RR, Kedia S, Ranjan A, Ojha U. Recyclable Thermosets Based on Dynamic Amidation and Aza-Michael Addition Chemistry. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Baruah
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Rae Bareli, UP 229316, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Rae Bareli, UP 229316, India
| | - Rewati Raman Ujjwal
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Rae Bareli, UP 229316, India
| | - Soumya Kedia
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Rae Bareli, UP 229316, India
| | - Amit Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Rae Bareli, UP 229316, India
| | - Umaprasana Ojha
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Rae Bareli, UP 229316, India
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16
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Abstract
Rational and generalisable methods for engineering surface functionality will be crucial to realising the technological potential of nanomaterials. Nanoparticle-bound dynamic covalent exchange combines the error-correcting and environment-responsive features of equilibrium processes with the stability, structural precision, and vast diversity of covalent chemistry, defining a new and powerful approach for manipulating structure, function and properties at nanomaterial surfaces. Dynamic covalent nanoparticle (DCNP) building blocks thus present a whole host of possibilities for constructing adaptive systems, devices and materials that incorporate both nanoscale and molecular functional components. At the same time, DCNPs have the potential to reveal fundamental insights regarding dynamic and complex chemical systems confined to nanoscale interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan R Kay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
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