1
|
Bamba T, Aoki R, Hori Y, Ishikawa S, Yoshida KI, Taoka N, Kobayashi S, Yasueda H, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. High-throughput evaluation of hemolytic activity through precise measurement of colony and hemolytic zone sizes of engineered Bacillus subtilis on blood agar. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae044. [PMID: 38962661 PMCID: PMC11219306 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants have remarkable characteristics, such as environmental friendliness, high safety, and excellent biodegradability. Surfactin is one of the best-known biosurfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis. Because the biosynthetic pathways of biosurfactants, such as surfactin, are complex, mutagenesis is a useful alternative to typical metabolic engineering approaches for developing high-yield strains. Therefore, there is a need for high-throughput and accurate screening methods for high-yield strains derived from mutant libraries. The blood agar lysis method, which takes advantage of the hemolytic activity of biosurfactants, is one way of determining their concentration. This method includes inoculating microbial cells onto blood-containing agar plates, and biosurfactant production is assessed based on the size of the hemolytic zone formed around each colony. Challenges with the blood agar lysis method include low experimental reproducibility and a lack of established protocols for high-throughput screening. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of the inoculation procedure and media composition on the formation of hemolytic zones. We also developed a workflow to evaluate the number of colonies using robotics. The results revealed that by arranging colonies at appropriate intervals and measuring the areas of colonies and hemolytic rings using image analysis software, it was possible to accurately compare the hemolytic activity among several colonies. Although the use of the blood agar lysis method for screening is limited to surfactants exhibiting hemolytic activity, it is believed that by considering the insights gained from this study, it can contribute to the accurate screening of strains with high productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Bamba
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Rina Aoki
- Food Production Support Strategic Unit, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, 676-8688, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Hori
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shu Ishikawa
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yoshida
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoaki Taoka
- Food Production Support Strategic Unit, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, 676-8688, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Food Production Support Strategic Unit, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, 676-8688, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yasueda
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan X, Fu S, Jiang J, Liu D, Li X, Li W, Zhang H. Application of PHA surface binding proteins of alkali-tolerant Bacillus as surfactants. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:169-177. [PMID: 38019411 PMCID: PMC10920527 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic protein has lipophilic and hydrophilic domains, displaying the potential for development as a biosurfactant. The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) surface binding protein derived from Bacillus is a type of protein that has not been studied for its emulsifying properties. In this study, PHA granule-associated protein (PhaP), PHA regulatory protein (PhaQ), and PHA synthase subunit (PhaR) derived from an alkali-tolerant PHA-producing Bacillus cereus HBL-AI were found and heterologously expressed in E. coli and purified to investigate their application as biosurfactants. It showed that the emulsification ability and stability of three amphiphilic proteins were higher than those of widely used chemical surfactants in diesel oil, vegetable oil, and lubricating oil. In particular, the PhaQ protein studied for the first time can form a stable emulsion layer in vegetable oil at a lower concentration (50 µg/mL), which greatly reduced the amount of protein used in emulsification. This clearly demonstrated that the PHA-binding protein of HBL-AI can be well applied as an environmentally friendly biosurfactants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shuangqing Fu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Junpo Jiang
- College of Life Science, Microbial Technology Innovation Center for Feed of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Dexu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Honglei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu F, Chen Z, Xie L, Yang S, Li Y, Wu J, Wu Y, Li S, Zhang X, Ma Y, Liu Y, Zeng A, Xu Z. Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III culture supernatant protects against acute alcohol-induced liver and intestinal injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 16:2077-2089. [PMID: 38126998 PMCID: PMC10911357 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of probiotics have been studied in inflammatory bowel disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Probiotic supplements are safer and more effective; however, their potential mechanisms are unclear. An objective of the current study was to examine the effects of extracellular products of Lactobacillus plantarum on acute alcoholic liver injury. Mice on a standard chow diet were supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III culture supernatant (LP-cs) for two weeks and administered alcohol at 6 g/kg body weight by gavage. Alcohol-induced liver injury was assessed by measuring plasma alanine aminotransferase activity levels and triglyceride content determined liver steatosis. Intestinal damage and tight junctions were assessed using histochemical staining. LP-cs significantly inhibited alcohol-induced fat accumulation, inflammation, and apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. LP-cs significantly inhibited alcohol-induced intestinal injury and endotoxemia. These findings suggest that LP-cs alleviates acute alcohol-induced liver damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress via one mechanism and suppressing alcohol-induced increased intestinal permeability and endotoxemia via another mechanism. LP-cs supplements are a novel strategy for ALD prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Zengqiang Chen
- Healthcare Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Longteng Xie
- Department of Infection Diseases, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315700, China
| | - Shizhuo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuying Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College Affiliated Third Hospital, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Junnan Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuyu Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Aibing Zeng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zeping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matinvafa MA, Makani S, Parsasharif N, Zahed MA, Movahed E, Ghiasvand S. CRISPR-Cas technology secures sustainability through its applications: a review in green biotechnology. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:383. [PMID: 37920190 PMCID: PMC10618153 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas system's applications in biotechnology offer a promising avenue for addressing pressing global challenges, such as climate change, environmental pollution, the energy crisis, and the food crisis, thereby advancing sustainability. The ever-growing demand for food due to the projected population of around 9.6 billion by 2050 requires innovation in agriculture. CRISPR-Cas technology emerges as a powerful solution, enhancing crop varieties, optimizing yields, and improving resilience to stressors. It offers multiple gene editing, base editing, and prime editing, surpassing conventional methods. CRISPR-Cas introduces disease and herbicide resistance, high-yielding, drought-tolerant, and water-efficient crops to address rising water utilization and to improve the efficiency of agricultural practices which promise food sustainability and revolutionize agriculture for the benefit of future generations. The application of CRISPR-Cas technology extends beyond agriculture to address environmental challenges. With the adverse impacts of climate change and pollution endangering ecosystems, there is a growing need for sustainable solutions. The technology's potential in carbon capture and reduction through bio-sequestration is a pivotal strategy for combating climate change. Genomic advancements allow for the development of genetically modified organisms, optimizing biofuel and biomaterial production, and contributing to a renewable and sustainable energy future. This study reviews the multifaceted applications of CRISPR-Cas technology in the agricultural and environmental fields and emphasizes its potential to secure a sustainable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Matinvafa
- Department of Biotechnology & Environment, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Makani
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 14911 - 15719 Iran
| | - Negin Parsasharif
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zahed
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 14911 - 15719 Iran
| | - Elaheh Movahed
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY USA
| | - Saeedeh Ghiasvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Malayer University, Malayer, Hamedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mehmood N, Saeed M, Zafarullah S, Hyder S, Rizvi ZF, Gondal AS, Jamil N, Iqbal R, Ali B, Ercisli S, Kupe M. Multifaceted Impacts of Plant-Beneficial Pseudomonas spp. in Managing Various Plant Diseases and Crop Yield Improvement. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22296-22315. [PMID: 37396244 PMCID: PMC10308577 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The modern agricultural system has issues with the reduction of agricultural productivity due to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. It is also expected that in the future the entire world population may rapidly increase and will surely demand more food. Farmers now utilize a massive quantity of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides for disease management and to increase food production. These synthetic fertilizers badly affect the environment, the texture of the soil, plant productivity, and human health. However, agricultural safety and sustainability depend on an ecofriendly and inexpensive biological application. In contrast to synthetic fertilizers, soil inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the excellent alternative options. In this regard, we focused on the best PGPR genera, Pseudomonas, which exists in the rhizosphere as well as inside the plant's body and plays a role in sustainable agriculture. Many Pseudomonas spp. control plant pathogens and play an effective role in disease management through direct and indirect mechanisms. Pseudomonas spp. fix the amount of atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus and potassium, and also produce phytohormones, lytic enzymes, volatile organic compounds, antibiotics, and secondary metabolites during stress conditions. These compounds stimulate plant growth by inducing systemic resistance and by inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Furthermore, pseudomonads also protect plants during different stress conditions like heavy metal pollution, osmosis, temperature, oxidative stress, etc. Now, several Pseudomonas-based commercial biological control products have been promoted and marketed, but there are a few limitations that hinder the development of this technology for extensive usage in agricultural systems. The variability among the members of Pseudomonas spp. draws attention to the huge research interest in this genus. There is a need to explore the potential of native Pseudomonas spp. as biocontrol agents and to use them in biopesticide development to support sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najaf Mehmood
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Saeed
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Sana Zafarullah
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Fatima Rizvi
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Shahzad Gondal
- Department
of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Jamil
- Department
of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department
of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
- HGF
Agro, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum TR-25240, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Kupe
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
García-Santos JA, Nieto-Ruiz A, García-Ricobaraza M, Cerdó T, Campoy C. Impact of Probiotics on the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases in the Pediatric Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119427. [PMID: 37298377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) in infants and children, especially those categorized as functional GIDs (FGIDs), insufficient knowledge about their pathophysiology has limited both symptomatic diagnosis and the development of optimal therapies. Recent advances in the field of probiotics have made their potential use as an interesting therapeutic and preventive strategy against these disorders possible, but further efforts are still needed. In fact, there is great controversy surrounding this topic, generated by the high variety of potential probiotics strains with plausible therapeutic utility, the lack of consensus in their use as well as the few comparative studies available on probiotics that record their efficacy. Taking into account these limitations, and in the absence of clear guidelines about the dose and timeframe for successful probiotic therapy, our review aimed to evaluate current studies on potential use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of the most common FGIDs and GIDs in the pediatric population. Furthermore, matters referring to know major action pathways and key safety recommendations for probiotic administration proposed by major pediatric health agencies shall also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento 19, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Nieto-Ruiz
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento 19, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - María García-Ricobaraza
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento 19, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Cerdó
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento 19, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's Node, Carlos III Health Institute, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28028 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Das S, Bhattacharjee MJ, Mukherjee AK, Khan MR. Recent advances in understanding of multifaceted changes in the vaginal microenvironment: implications in vaginal health and therapeutics. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:256-282. [PMID: 35312419 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2049696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The vagina endures multifaceted changes from neonatal to menopausal phases due to hormonal flux, metabolite deposition, and microbial colonization. These features have important implications in women's health. Several pre-factors show dynamic characteristics according to the phases that shift the vaginal microbiota from anaerobes to aerobes which is a hallmark of healthy vaginal environment. These factors include oestrogen levels, glycogen deposition, and vaginal microstructure. In the adult phase, Lactobacillus is highly dominant and regulates pH, adherence, aggregation, immune modulation, synthesis of bacteriocins, and biosurfactants (BSs) which are antagonistic to pathogens. Maternal factors are protective by favouring the colonization of lactobacilli in the vagina in the neonatal phase, which diminishes with age. The dominance of lactobacilli and dysbiosis in the adult phase depends on intrinsic and extrinsic factors in women, which vary between ethnicities. Recent developments in probiotics used against vaginal microbiome dysbiosis have shown great promise in restoring the normal microbiota including preventing the loss of beneficial bacteria. However, further in-depth studies are warranted to ensure long-term protection by probiotics. This review highlights various aspects of the vaginal microenvironment in different phases of growth and diverse ethnicities. Furthermore, it discusses future trends for formulating more effective population-specific probiotics and implications of paraprobiotics and postbiotics as effective therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Das
- Division of Life Science, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Division of Life Science, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Mojibur Rohman Khan
- Division of Life Science, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jing YF, Wei HX, Liu FF, Liu YF, Zhou L, Liu JF, Yang SZ, Zhang HZ, Mu BZ. Genetic engineering of the branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis pathway to enhance surfactin production from Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:238-248. [PMID: 35419893 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Surfactin, which is composed of a β-hydroxy fatty acid chain and a peptide ring, has drawn considerable attention due to its potential applications in the biomedicine, bioremediation, and petroleum industries. However, the low yield of surfactin from wild strains still restricts its industrial applications. In this study, eight genes relevant to the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway were targeted to enhance surfactin production, and high surfactin-yielding strains with potential industrial applications were obtained. When ldeHA and acc were co-overexpressed, the surfactin yield of recombinant strains TDS8 and TPS8 increased to 1.55- and 1.19-fold of their parental strains, respectively, again proving that the conversion of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to malonyl-CoA is the rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, changes in surfactin isoforms of recombinant strain TPS8 suggest that the fatty acid precursor synthesis pathway can be modified to improve the proportion of different isoforms. In addition, the deletion of lpdV, which is responsible for the conversion of α-ketoacyl-CoA precursors, resulted in a sharp decrease in surfactin production, further demonstrating the importance of branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in surfactin production. This work will facilitate the design and construction of more efficiently engineered strains for surfactin production and further extend industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Xun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Zhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Zhong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma P, Rekhi P, Debnath M. Removal of Heavy Metal by Biosurfactant Producing Novel Halophilic
Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. rodentium
Strain SE I Isolated from Sambhar Salt Lake. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Bioscience Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
| | - Pavni Rekhi
- Department of Bioscience Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
| | - Mousumi Debnath
- Department of Bioscience Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soleiman Meiguni F, Imanparast S, Salimi F, Nemati F. The Probiotic Biosurfactant From Levilactobacillus brevis Strain F20 Isolated from a Diary Product with Potential Food Applications. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2022.2127758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Soleiman Meiguni
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Imanparast
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Nemati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sarangi MK, Padhi S, Patel LD, Rath G, Nanda SS, Yi DK. Theranostic efficiency of biosurfactants against COVID-19 and similar viruses - A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 76:103764. [PMID: 36090183 PMCID: PMC9444339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The world has witnessed an extreme vulnerability of a pandemic during 2020; originated from China. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is infecting and beginning deaths in thousands to millions, creating of the global economic crisis. Biosurfactants (BSs) can carry the prevention, control and management of pandemic out through diverse approaches, such as pharmaceutical, therapeutic, hygienic and environmental. The microbiotas having virulent intrinsic properties towards starting as easily as spreading of diseases (huge morbidity and mortality) could be inhibited via BSs. Such elements could be recognised for their antimicrobial activity, capability to interact with the immune system via micelles formation and in nanoparticulate synthesis. However, they can be used for developing novel and more effective therapeutics, pharmaceuticals, non-toxic formulations, vaccines, and effective cleaning agents. Such approaches can be utilized for product development and implemented for managing and combating the pandemic conditions. This review emphasized on the potentiality of BSs as key components with several ways for protecting against unknown and known pathogens, including COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Pin-248001, India
| | - Sasmita Padhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Pin-248001, India
| | - L D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, Pin-391760, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, 751030, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, 03674, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Falakaflaki M, Varshosaz J, Mirian M. Local delivery of usnic acid loaded Rhamnolipid vesicles by gelatin / tragacanth gum / montmorillonite/ vanillin cryogel scaffold for expression of osteogenic biomarkers and antimicrobial activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
13
|
Nataraj BH, Ramesh C, Mallappa RH. Characterization of biosurfactants derived from probiotic lactic acid bacteria against methicillin-resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
14
|
Allegrone G, Ceresa C, Rinaldi M, Fracchia L. Diverse Effects of Natural and Synthetic Surfactants on the Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1172. [PMID: 34452132 PMCID: PMC8402037 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the biomedical field is the creation of materials and coating strategies that effectively limit the onset of biofilm-associated infections on medical devices. Biosurfactants are well known and appreciated for their antimicrobial/anti-adhesive/anti-biofilm properties, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. In this study, the rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 89 (R89BS) was characterized by HPLC-MS/MS and its ability to modify cell surface hydrophobicity and membrane permeability as well as its antimicrobial, anti-adhesive, and anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus were compared to two commonly used surfactants of synthetic origin: Tween® 80 and TritonTM X-100. The R89BS crude extract showed a grade of purity of 91.4% and was composed by 70.6% of mono-rhamnolipids and 20.8% of di-rhamnolipids. The biological activities of R89BS towards S. aureus were higher than those of the two synthetic surfactants. In particular, the anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm properties of R89BS and of its purified mono- and di-congeners were similar. R89BS inhibition of S. aureus adhesion and biofilm formation was ~97% and 85%, respectively, and resulted in an increased inhibition of about 33% after 6 h and of about 39% after 72 h when compared to their chemical counterparts. These results suggest a possible applicability of R89BS as a protective coating agent to limit implant colonization.
Collapse
|
15
|
Moldes AB, Rodríguez-López L, Rincón-Fontán M, López-Prieto A, Vecino X, Cruz JM. Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052371. [PMID: 33673442 PMCID: PMC7956807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article includes an updated review of the classification, uses and side effects of surfactants for their application in the cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries. Based on their origin and composition, surfactants can be divided into three different categories: (i) synthetic surfactants; (ii) bio-based surfactants; and (iii) microbial biosurfactants. The first group is the most widespread and cost-effective. It is composed of surfactants, which are synthetically produced, using non-renewable sources, with a final structure that is different from the natural components of living cells. The second category comprises surfactants of intermediate biocompatibility, usually produced by chemical synthesis but integrating fats, sugars or amino acids obtained from renewable sources into their structure. Finally, the third group of surfactants, designated as microbial biosurfactants, are considered the most biocompatible and eco-friendly, as they are produced by living cells, mostly bacteria and yeasts, without the intermediation of organic synthesis. Based on the information included in this review it would be interesting for cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries to consider microbial biosurfactants as a group apart from surfactants, needing specific regulations, as they are less toxic and more biocompatible than chemical surfactants having formulations that are more biocompatible and greener.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Moldes
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.R.-F.); (A.L.-P.); (J.M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.M.); (X.V.)
| | - Lorena Rodríguez-López
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.R.-F.); (A.L.-P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Myriam Rincón-Fontán
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.R.-F.); (A.L.-P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Alejandro López-Prieto
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.R.-F.); (A.L.-P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Xanel Vecino
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.R.-F.); (A.L.-P.); (J.M.C.)
- Chemical Engineering Department, Barcelona East School of Engineering (EEBE)—Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.B.M.); (X.V.)
| | - José M. Cruz
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.R.-F.); (A.L.-P.); (J.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Biosurfactants’ Potential Role in Combating COVID-19 and Similar Future Microbial Threats. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app11010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During 2020, the world has experienced extreme vulnerability in the face of a disease outbreak. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic discovered in China and rapidly spread across the globe, infecting millions, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths, and severe downturns in the economies of countries worldwide. Biosurfactants can play a significant role in the prevention, control and treatment of diseases caused by these pathogenic agents through various therapeutic, pharmaceutical, environmental and hygiene approaches. Biosurfactants have the potential to inhibit microbial species with virulent intrinsic characteristics capable of developing diseases with high morbidity and mortality, as well as interrupting their spread through environmental and hygiene interventions. This is possible due to their antimicrobial activity, ability to interact with cells forming micelles and to interact with the immune system, and compatibility with relevant processes such as nanoparticle synthesis. They, therefore, can be applied in developing innovative and more effective pharmaceutical, therapeutics, sustainable and friendly environmental management approaches, less toxic formulations, and more efficient cleaning agents. These approaches can be easily integrated into relevant product development pipelines and implemented as measures for combating and managing pandemics. This review examines the potential approaches of biosurfactants as useful molecules in fighting microbial pathogens both known and previously unknown, such as COVID-19.
Collapse
|
17
|
Genome Sequences of Serratia Strains Revealed Common Genes in Both Serratomolides Gene Clusters. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120482. [PMID: 33419369 PMCID: PMC7767323 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Biosurfactants are amphiphilic molecules produced by microorganisms with a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic group, able to reduce surface tension. These molecules are largely used in the environmental, food, pharmaceutical, medical, and cleaning industries, among others. Serratia strains are ubiquitous microorganisms with the ability to produce biosurfactants, such as serrawettins. These extracellular lipopeptides are described as biocides against many bacteria and fungi. This work used comparative genomics to determine the distribution and organization of the serrawettins W1 and W2 biosynthetic gene clusters in all the 84 publicly available genomes of the Serratia genus. Here, the serrawettin W1 gene clusters’ organization is reported for the first time. The serrawettin W1 biosynthetic gene swrW and serrawettin W2 biosynthetic gene swrA were present in 17 and 11 Serratia genomes, respectively. The same genes in the biosynthetic clusters frame the swrW and swrA biosynthetic genes. This work identified four genes common to all serrawettin gene clusters, highlighting their key potential in the serrawettins biosynthetic process. Abstract Serratia strains are ubiquitous microorganisms with the ability to produce serratomolides, such as serrawettins. These extracellular lipopeptides are described as biocides against many bacteria and fungi and may have a nematicidal activity against phytopathogenic nematodes. Serrawettins W1 and W2 from different strains have different structures that might be correlated with distinct genomic organizations. This work used comparative genomics to determine the distribution and the organization of the serrawettins biosynthetic gene clusters in all the 84 publicly available genomes of the Serratia genus. The serrawettin W1 and W2 gene clusters’ organization was established using antiSMASH software and compared with single and short data previously described for YD25TSerratia. Here, the serrawettin W1 gene clusters’ organization is reported for the first time. The serrawettin W1 biosynthetic gene swrW was present in 17 Serratia genomes. Eighty different coding sequence (CDS) were assigned to the W1 gene cluster, 13 being common to all clusters. The serrawettin W2 swrA gene was present in 11 Serratia genomes. The W2 gene clusters included 68 CDS with 24 present in all the clusters. The genomic analysis showed the swrA gene constitutes five modules, four with three domains and one with four domains, while the swrW gene constitutes one module with four domains. This work identified four genes common to all serrawettin gene clusters, highlighting their essential potential in the serrawettins biosynthetic process.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu D, Zhang XJ, Liu HC, Zhou YG, Wu XL, Nie Y, Kang YQ, Cai M. Azospirillum oleiclasticum sp. nov, a nitrogen-fixing and heavy oil degrading bacterium isolated from an oil production mixture of Yumen Oilfield. Syst Appl Microbiol 2020; 44:126171. [PMID: 33360414 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2020.126171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two nitrogen-fixing and heavy oil degrading strains, designated RWY-5-1-1T and ROY-1-1-2, were isolated from an oil production mixture from Yumen Oilfield in China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed they belong to Azospirillum and have less than 96.1 % pairwise similarity with each species in this genus. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between them and other type strains of Azospirillum species were less than 75.69 % and 22.0 %, respectively, both below the species delineation threshold. Pan-genomic analysis showed that the novel isolate RWY-5-1-1T shared 2145 core gene families with other type strains in Azospirillum, and the number of strain-specific gene families was 1623, almost two times more than the number known from other species. Furthermore, genes related to nitrogenase, hydrocarbon degradation and biosurfactant production were found in the isolates' genomes. Also, this strain was capable of reducing acetylene to ethylene at a rate of 22nmol ethylene h-1 (108 cells) and degrading heavy oil at a rate of 36.2 %. The major fatty acids and polar lipids were summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c), and phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylcholine. Furthermore, a combination of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data clearly indicated that strains RWY-5-1-1T and ROY-1-1-2 represent a novel species, for which the name Azospirillum oleiclasticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RWY-5-1-1T (=CGMCC 1.13426T =KCTC 72259 T). Azospirillum novel strains with the ability of heavy oil degradation associated with the promotion of plant growth has never been reported to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wu
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Can Liu
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Guang Zhou
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Nie
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qian Kang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Cai
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mohtashami M, Mohamadi M, Azimi‐Nezhad M, Saeidi J, Nia FF, Ghasemi A. Lactobacillus bulgaricus
and
Lactobacillus plantarum
improve diabetic wound healing through modulating inflammatory factors. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.2064 10.1002/bab.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Mohtashami
- Department of Microbilogy School of Basic Science Neyshabur Branch Islamic Azad University Neyshabur Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohamadi
- Department of Microbilogy School of Basic Science Neyshabur Branch Islamic Azad University Neyshabur Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi‐Nezhad
- Non‐Communicable Disease Research Center Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences Neyshabur Iran
- UMR INSERM U 1122 IGE‐PCV Interactions Gène‐Environment En Physiopathologie Cardiovascular Université De Lorraine Nancy France
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Science Neyshabur Branch Islamic Azad University Neyshabur Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forooghi Nia
- Department of Microbiology School of Basic Science Shiraz Branch Islamic Azad University Shiraz Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Basic Sciences Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences Neyshabur Iran
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences Neyshabur Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chee WJY, Chew SY, Than LTL. Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:203. [PMID: 33160356 PMCID: PMC7648308 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human vagina is colonised by a diverse array of microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota and mycobiota. Lactobacillus is the most frequently isolated microorganism from the healthy human vagina, this includes Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus jensenii. These vaginal lactobacilli have been touted to prevent invasion of pathogens by keeping their population in check. However, the disruption of vaginal ecosystem contributes to the overgrowth of pathogens which causes complicated vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Predisposing factors such as menses, pregnancy, sexual practice, uncontrolled usage of antibiotics, and vaginal douching can alter the microbial community. Therefore, the composition of vaginal microbiota serves an important role in determining vagina health. Owing to their Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) status, lactobacilli have been widely utilised as one of the alternatives besides conventional antimicrobial treatment against vaginal pathogens for the prevention of chronic vaginitis and the restoration of vaginal ecosystem. In addition, the effectiveness of Lactobacillus as prophylaxis has also been well-founded in long-term administration. This review aimed to highlight the beneficial effects of lactobacilli derivatives (i.e. surface-active molecules) with anti-biofilm, antioxidant, pathogen-inhibition, and immunomodulation activities in developing remedies for vaginal infections. We also discuss the current challenges in the implementation of the use of lactobacilli derivatives in promotion of human health. In the current review, we intend to provide insights for the development of lactobacilli derivatives as a complementary or alternative medicine to conventional probiotic therapy in vaginal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Jeng Yang Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shu Yih Chew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Leslie Thian Lung Than
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mohtashami M, Mohamadi M, Azimi-Nezhad M, Saeidi J, Nia FF, Ghasemi A. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus plantarum improve diabetic wound healing through modulating inflammatory factors. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1421-1431. [PMID: 33125785 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are nonpathogenic bacterial strains that exert beneficial effects on the host. Previous studies have shown that topical use of some strains of probiotic bacteria have good effects on the healing of cutaneous wounds. In the current study, the wound healing potentials of bacterial probiotics on diabetic cutaneous wounds were evaluated. The effects of probiotics on migration, the viability of fibroblasts, and macrophage proliferation were measured through using wound healing assay, methylthiazol tetrazolium assay, and bromodeoxyuridine, respectively. In this regard, in vivo diabetic wound healing experiments in Wistar rats following treatment with nontoxic concentrations of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus plantarum were conducted. The histopathological and gene expression analyses were performed following removal of wound sites 3, 7, and 14 days postwounding. Results showed that treatment with probiotics accelerated the healing process of diabetic wounds and modulated the inflammatory cells in wound sites during a 14-day period postwounding. The altered mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were observed in wound sites following treatment with probiotics. The findings of the current study reveal that L. bulgaricus and L. plantarum could improve the healing of diabetic wounds via regulation of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Mohtashami
- Department of Microbilogy, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohamadi
- Department of Microbilogy, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,UMR INSERM U 1122, IGE-PCV, Interactions Gène-Environment En Physiopathologie Cardiovascular Université De Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forooghi Nia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Correlation between the Antimicrobial Activity and Metabolic Profiles of Cell Free Supernatants and Membrane Vesicles Produced by Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111653. [PMID: 33114410 PMCID: PMC7692313 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work is to assess the antimicrobial activities of Cell Free Supernatants (CFS) and Membrane Vesicles (MVs), produced by Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, versus Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and investigate their metabolic profiles. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined through the broth microdilution method and cell proliferation assay while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration was determined by Colony Forming Units counts. The characteristics of the antimicrobial compounds were evaluated by pH adjustments, proteinase treatment, and size fractionation of the CFS. The cytotoxicity of CFS was tested on two human cell lines. A detailed snapshot of the L. reuteri metabolism was attained through an untargeted metabolic profiling by means of high resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) coupled with Electrospray Ionization Source (ESI). The results showed (i) a greater efficacy of CFS and its fractions towards Gram-negative compared to Gram-positive bacteria; (ii) an antimicrobial effect related to pH-dependent compounds but not to MVs; (iii) a molecular weight < 3 KDa as well as an a non-proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial compounds; and (iv) more than 200 and 500 putative metabolites annotated in MVs and supernatants, covering several classes of metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, fatty and organic acids, polyalcohols, nucleotides, and vitamins. Some putative compounds were proposed not only as characteristic of specific fractions, but also possibly involved in antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Eslami P, Hajfarajollah H, Bazsefidpar S. Recent advancements in the production of rhamnolipid biosurfactants by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34014-34032. [PMID: 35519061 PMCID: PMC9056861 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04953k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipid (RL) biosurfactant which is produced by Pseudomonas species is one of the most effective surface-active agents investigated in the literature. Over the years, many efforts have been made and an array of techniques has been developed for the isolation of RL produced strains as well as RL homolog characterization. Reports show that RL productivity by the best-known producer, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is very diverse, from less than 1 gr/l to more than 200 g L-1. There are some major parameters that can affect RL productivity. These are culture conditions, medium composition, the mode of operation (batch, fed-batch and continuous), bioengineering/gene manipulation and finally extraction methods. The present paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview on the production of rhamnolipid biosurfactant by different species of Pseudomonas bacteria. In addition, we have extensively reviewed their potential for possible future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Eslami
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Chemical Engineering Department Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hajfarajollah
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Chemical Engineering Department Iran
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Chemical Engineering Department Iran +98 2122734406
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Subsanguan T, Khondee N, Nawavimarn P, Rongsayamanont W, Chen CY, Luepromchai E. Reuse of Immobilized Weissella cibaria PN3 for Long-Term Production of Both Extracellular and Cell-Bound Glycolipid Biosurfactants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:751. [PMID: 32719789 PMCID: PMC7347796 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and therefore, LAB biosurfactants are beneficial with negligible negative impacts. This study aims to maintain the biosurfactant producing activity of an LAB strain, Weissella cibaria PN3, by immobilizing the bacterial cells on a commercial porous carrier. For biosurfactant production, 2% soybean oil was used as the carbon source. After 72 h, immobilized cells were reused by replacing production medium. The extracellular and cell-bound biosurfactants were extracted from the resulting cell-free broth and cell pellets, respectively. SEM images of used immobilizing carriers showed increased surface roughness and clogged pores over time. Thus, the immobilizing carriers were washed in PBS buffer (pH 8.0) before reuse. To maintain biosurfactant production activity, immobilized cells were reactivated every three production cycles by incubating the washed immobilizing carriers in LB medium for 48 h. The maximum yields of purified extracellular (1.46 g/L) and cell-bound biosurfactants (1.99 g/L) were achieved in the 4th production cycle. The repeated biosurfactant production of nine cycles were completed within 1 month, while only 2 g of immobilized cells/L were applied. The extracellular and cell-bound biosurfactants had comparable surface tensions (31 - 33 mN/m); however, their CMC values were different (1.6 and 3.2 g/L, respectively). Both biosurfactants had moderate oil displacement efficiency with crude oil samples but formed emulsions well with gasoline, diesel, and lavender, lemongrass and coconut oils. The results suggested that the biosurfactants were relatively hydrophilic. In addition, the mixing of both biosurfactants showed a synergistic effect, as seen from the increased emulsifying activity with palm, soybean and crude oils. The biosurfactants at 10 - 16 mg/mL showed antimicrobial activity toward some bacteria and yeast but not filamentous fungi. The molecular structures of these biosurfactants were characterized by FTIR as different glycolipid congeners. The biosurfactant production process by immobilized Weissella cibaria PN3 cells was relatively cheap given that two types of biosurfactants were simultaneously produced and no new inoculum was required. The acquired glycolipid biosurfactants have high potential to be used separately or as mixed biosurfactants in various products, such as cleaning agents, food-grade emulsifiers and cosmetic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tipsuda Subsanguan
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Program on Remediation Technologies for Petroleum Contamination, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nichakorn Khondee
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Parisarin Nawavimarn
- Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chien-Yen Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ekawan Luepromchai
- Research Program on Remediation Technologies for Petroleum Contamination, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Effect of Amino Acids on the Production of Biosurfactant by Pediococcus Acidilactici F70. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this research, the surface activity of bacterial supernatant and cell surface was measured by the method of oil drain ring. The influence of 19 kinds of amino acids (Histidine, Threonine, Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Arginine, Proline, Methionine, Tryptophan, Alanine, Glycine, Glutamine, Cysteine, Hydroxyproline, Valine, Asparagine, Proline, Glutamine, Serine, and Glutamic acid, Hydroxyproline, Tyrosine) on the production of biosurfactant by Pediococcus acidilactici F70 was studied by single factor experiment, and the main amino acids promoting the production of biosurfactant were selected by Plackett–Burman design. The results showed that the yield of biological surfactant with added amino acid increased, and the yield of Glutamine produced biosurfactant in the supernatant was the highest, which was two times higher than that of the control group (414.00mg/L); the yield of biosurfactant on the cell surface was the highest when Arginine was added, which was three times higher than that of the control group. In the end, 8 of the 19 amino acids (Glycine, Tryptophan, Proline, Methionine, Arginine, Leucine, Serine and Alanine) were selected to promote the production of biosurfactants of Pediococcus acidilactici F70. The results of Plackett–Burman design showed that Alanine, Proline and Leucine had significant effects on the production of biosurfactants.
Collapse
|
26
|
Jahan R, Bodratti AM, Tsianou M, Alexandridis P. Biosurfactants, natural alternatives to synthetic surfactants: Physicochemical properties and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 275:102061. [PMID: 31767119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants comprise a wide array of amphiphilic molecules synthesized by plants, animals, and microbes. The synthesis route dictates their molecular characteristics, leading to broad structural diversity and ensuing functional properties. We focus here on low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) biosurfactants of microbial origin. These are environmentally safe and biodegradable, making them attractive candidates for applications spanning cosmetics to oil recovery. Biosurfactants spontaneously adsorb at various interfaces and self-assemble in aqueous solution, resulting in useful physicochemical properties such as decreased surface and interfacial tension, low critical micellization concentrations (CMCs), and ability to solubilize hydrophobic compounds. This review highlights the relationships between biosurfactant molecular composition, structure, and their interfacial behavior. It also describes how environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength can impact physicochemical properties and self-assembly behavior of biosurfactant-containing solutions and dispersions. Comparison between biosurfactants and their synthetic counterparts are drawn to illustrate differences in their structure-property relationships and potential benefits. Knowledge of biosurfactant properties organized along these lines is useful for those seeking to formulate so-called green or natural products with novel and useful properties.
Collapse
|
27
|
Screening and Identification of Biosurfactant-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2019-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Biosurfactant attracts people’s attention because of its advantages of green and low toxicity. Lactic acid bacteria are beneficial to human and animal health. In order to make the application of surfactants safer, SDS standard curve was established, 65 strains of Lactic acid bacteria were used as screening source, and oil expanding circle was used as index to screen the strain with strong surfactant production capacity. The results showed that the standard curve of SDS was Y=34.82+(-1495.97) X1+33.11X2, and all strains had the ability to produce surfactants. Surface activity varied with bacteria. The concentration of surface activity ranged from 111.15mg/L to 736.23 mg/L. The concentration of BS in supernatant of LB6, 49, F70, 20 and Y1 strains was selected for screening. The concentration of BS in supernatant was 561.01~935.77 mg/L, and the concentration of BS on cell surface was 401.67~1076.94 mg/L. Considering the highest BS-producing strain is F70, the result of 16SrDNA showed that the strain is Pediococcus acidilactici F70. This experiment provides basic data for the production of surfactants by Lactic acid bacteria.
Collapse
|
28
|
Yadav M, Shukla P. Efficient engineered probiotics using synthetic biology approaches: A review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 67:22-29. [PMID: 31538358 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The uses of probiotics-based food supplements are getting emphasis due to their power to ensure better health conditions. Probiotics have diverse and significant applications in the health sector, so probiotic strains require an understanding of the genome level organizations. Probiotics elucidate various functional parameters that control their metabolic functions. In this review, we have compiled aspects of synthetic biology, which are used for the optimization of metabolic processes in probiotics for their use as a supplement in allopathic medicines. Synthetic biology approaches provide information about diverse biosynthetic pathways and also facilitate the novel metabolic engineering approaches for probiotics strain improvement. We have discussed the synthetic biology approaches for producing engineered probiotics via genetic circuits, expression systems, and genome editing tools like CRISPR-Cas and PEVLAB. This review also enlightens future challenges in the development of engineered probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barbosa MS, Freire CCC, Almeida LC, Freitas LS, Souza RL, Pereira EB, Mendes AA, Pereira MM, Lima ÁS, Soares CMF. Optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis ofMoringa oleiferaLam oil using molecular docking analysis for fatty acid specificity. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:823-832. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisiane S. Freitas
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Sergipe São Cristóvão SE Brazil
| | - Ranyere L. Souza
- Universidade Tiradentes Aracaju SE Brazil
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Ernandes B. Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal de Alfenas Alfenas MG Brazil
| | - Adriano A. Mendes
- Instituto de Química Universidade Federal de Alfenas Alfenas MG Brazil
| | | | - Álvaro S. Lima
- Universidade Tiradentes Aracaju SE Brazil
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Cleide M. F. Soares
- Universidade Tiradentes Aracaju SE Brazil
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Aracaju SE Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hajfarajollah H, Mokhtarani B, Tohidi A, Bazsefidpar S, Akbari Noghabi K. Overproduction of lipopeptide biosurfactant by Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus HAK01 in various fed-batch modes under thermophilic conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30419-30427. [PMID: 35530208 PMCID: PMC9072080 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02645b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient lipopeptide biosurfactant (BS) producer, Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus HAK01, was isolated from municipal landfill sites. The strain was able to produce about 4.9 g L−1 lipopeptide at a thermophilic temperature of 45 °C. After optimization of culture component concentrations using the response surface method, the main focus is to find the most appropriate fed-batch strategy to enhance lipopeptide production by the HAK01 strain. For this purpose, four fed-batch strategies including (a) pH-stat mode, (b) constant feeding rate strategy, (c) DO-stat mode, and (d) combined feeding strategy were designed. The production of BS was increased systematically from 4.9 g L−1 in batch mode to 5.9, 7.1, 8.8 and 11.2 g L−1 in each fed-batch mode, respectively. While poor results were obtained in the pH-stat mode, the DO-stat mode showed excellent results in the production of BS. The results of the study confirmed the importance of operational mode, oxygen supply and the kind of feeding strategy in BS production. An efficient lipopeptide biosurfactant (BS) producer, Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus HAK01, was isolated from municipal landfill sites.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Babak Mokhtarani
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Azadeh Tohidi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|