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Dieguez HH, Romeo HE, Alaimo A, Bernal Aguirre NA, Calanni JS, Adán Aréan JS, Alvarez S, Sciurano R, Rosenstein RE, Dorfman D. Mitochondrial quality control in non-exudative age-related macular degeneration: From molecular mechanisms to structural and functional recovery. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 219:17-30. [PMID: 38579938 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (NE-AMD) is the leading blindness cause in the elderly. Clinical and experimental evidence supports that early alterations in macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) mitochondria play a key role in NE-AMD-induced damage. Mitochondrial dynamics (biogenesis, fusion, fission, and mitophagy), which is under the central control of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), in turn, determines mitochondrial quality. We have developed a NE-AMD model in C57BL/6J mice induced by unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx), which progressively reproduces the disease hallmarks circumscribed to the temporal region of the RPE/outer retina that exhibits several characteristics of the human macula. In this work we have studied RPE mitochondrial structure, dynamics, function, and AMPK role on these parameters' regulation at the nasal and temporal RPE from control eyes and at an early stage of experimental NE-AMD (i.e., 4 weeks post-SCGx). Although RPE mitochondrial mass was preserved, their function, which was higher at the temporal than at the nasal RPE in control eyes, was significantly decreased at 4 weeks post-SCGx at the same region. Mitochondria were bigger, more elongated, and with denser cristae at the temporal RPE from control eyes. Exclusively at the temporal RPE, SCGx severely affected mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, together with the levels of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK). AMPK activation with metformin restored RPE p-AMPK levels, and mitochondrial dynamics, structure, and function at 4 weeks post-SCGx, as well as visual function and RPE/outer retina structure at 10 weeks post-SCGx. These results demonstrate a key role of the temporal RPE mitochondrial homeostasis as an early target for NE-AMD-induced damage, and that pharmacological AMPK activation could preserve mitochondrial morphology, dynamics, and function, and, consequently, avoid the functional and structural damage induced by NE-AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán H Dieguez
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio E Romeo
- School of Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, BIOMED/UCA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Alaimo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Nanotools, Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences/IQUIBICEN, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nathaly A Bernal Aguirre
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan S Calanni
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan S Adán Aréan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry/IBIMOL, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry/IBIMOL, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberta Sciurano
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology, Embryology and Genetics, School of Medicine/INBIOMED, UBA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruth E Rosenstein
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences/IQUIBICEN, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián Dorfman
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ye X, Fung NSK, Lam WC, Lo ACY. Nutraceuticals for Diabetic Retinopathy: Recent Advances and Novel Delivery Systems. Nutrients 2024; 16:1715. [PMID: 38892648 PMCID: PMC11174689 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major vision-threatening disease among the working-age population worldwide. Present therapeutic strategies such as intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF and laser photocoagulation mainly target proliferative DR. However, there is a need for early effective management in patients with early stage of DR before its progression into the more severe sight-threatening proliferative stage. Nutraceuticals, natural functional foods with few side effects, have been proposed to be beneficial in patients with DR. Over the decades, many studies, either in vitro or in vivo, have demonstrated the advantages of a number of nutraceuticals in DR with their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, or vasoprotective effects. However, only a few clinical trials have been conducted, and their outcomes varied. The low bioavailability and instability of many nutraceuticals have indeed hindered their utilization in clinical use. In this context, nanoparticle carriers have been developed to deliver nutraceuticals and to improve their bioavailability. Despite its preclinical nature, research of interventive nutraceuticals for DR may yield promising information in their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
| | - Nicholas Siu Kay Fung
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
| | - Wai Ching Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Room 301, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
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Ding W, Yang X, Lai K, Jiang Y, Liu Y. The potential of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:219-248. [PMID: 38485900 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder marked by deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or function, affecting various tissues and organs and leading to numerous complications. Mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which cells generate new mitochondria utilizing existing ones plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid handling. Recent evidence suggests that promoting mitochondrial biogenesis can alleviate insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle while improving pancreatic β-cell function. Moreover, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis has been shown to ameliorate T2DM symptoms and may contribute to therapeutic effects for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. This review summarizes the intricate connection between mitochondrial biogenesis and T2DM, highlighting the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for T2DM treatment and its associated complications. It also discusses several natural products that exhibit beneficial effects on T2DM by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Yu Y, Jia YY, Li HJ. Sodium butyrate improves mitochondrial function and kidney tissue injury in diabetic kidney disease via the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2287129. [PMID: 38073119 PMCID: PMC11001342 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2287129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate the mechanism of how sodium butyrate (NaBut) improves mitochondrial function and kidney tissue injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) via the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. METHODS Assess the effects of NaBut on glucose and insulin tolerance, urine, and gut microbial composition in db/db and db/m mice. Use flow cytometry and western blotting to detect the effects of NaBut on apoptosis, kidney mitochondrial function, and AMPK/PGC-1α signaling. Use HK-2 cells induced by high glucose (HG) to establish the DKD model in vitro and detect changes in the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway and mitochondrial function after NaBut intervention. RESULTS NaBut attenuated blood glucose levels and reversed increases in urine and serum levels of glucose, BUN, Ucr, TG, TC, and UAE in db/db mice. NaBut improved insulin tolerance, reversed PGC-1α and p-AMPK expression level in the kidneys of db/db mice, and improved lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function. NaBut was able to reverse the effects of elevated glucose, compound C, and siRNA-PGC on ROS and ATP levels. Additionally, it increased protein expression of PGC-1α and p-AMPK. CONCLUSION NaBut activates the kidney mitochondrial AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway and improves mitochondrial dysfunction in DKD, thus protecting kidney tissue in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Jia
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhao AR, Li J, Wang SQ, Bian LH, Li WJ, Guo JY. Stress can affect mitochondrial energy metabolism and AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway in rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 203:110770. [PMID: 37774988 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTION To investigate the potential link between aberrant mitochondrial energy metabolism mediated by the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway and the etiology of anxiety disorders. METHODS The anxiety rat model was established by uncertain empty water bottle(UEWB)stress. Rats were submitted behavioral tests on the seventh, fourteenth, and twenty-first days and had the prefrontal cortex and amygdala removed for biochemical tests. The morphological alterations of the mitochondria in the medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala were examined by using a transmission electron microscope. Expression levels of AMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1, NRF-1 and NRF-2 were tested by western-blot analysis. ATP, respiratory chain complex and caspase enzyme expressions were tested by neurochemical and biochemical assays. RESULTS Rats showed anxiety-like behavior after being exposed to the uncertain empty water bottle (UEWB) stress model. In model rats, mitochondrial structure is damaged, mitochondrial energy metabolism is decreased, and the expression of proteins associated with AMPK/SIRT1 pathway is significantly reduced in the brain. CONCLUSION The level of mitochondrial energy metabolism correlates with anxiety-like behavior. The main mechanism of anxiety disorder is a disturbance of mitochondrial energy metabolism, which might be related to AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Ran Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si-Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Hua Bian
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-You Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua Zhejiang 321004.
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Wang XZ, Liang SP, Chen X, Wang ZC, Li C, Feng CS, Lu S, He C, Wang YB, Chi GF, Ge PF. TAX1BP1 contributes to deoxypodophyllotoxin-induced glioma cell parthanatos via inducing nuclear translocation of AIF by activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1906-1919. [PMID: 37186123 PMCID: PMC10462642 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthanatos is a type of programmed cell death initiated by over-activated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). Nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) is a prominent feature of parthanatos. But it remains unclear how activated nuclear PARP1 induces mitochondrial AIF translocation into nuclei. Evidence has shown that deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) induces parthanatos in glioma cells via induction of excessive ROS. In this study we explored the downstream signal of activated PARP1 to induce nuclear translocation of AIF in DPT-triggered glioma cell parthanatos. We showed that treatment with DPT (450 nM) induced PARP1 over-activation and Tax1 binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) distribution to mitochondria in human U87, U251 and U118 glioma cells. PARP1 activation promoted TAX1BP1 distribution to mitochondria by depleting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Knockdown of TAX1BP1 with siRNA not only inhibited TAX1BP1 accumulation in mitochondria, but also alleviated nuclear translocation of AIF and glioma cell death. We demonstrated that TAX1BP1 enhanced the activity of respiratory chain complex I not only by upregulating the expression of ND1, ND2, NDUFS2 and NDUFS4, but also promoting their assemblies into complex I. The activated respiratory complex I generated more superoxide to cause mitochondrial depolarization and nuclear translocation of AIF, while the increased mitochondrial superoxide reversely reinforced PARP1 activation by inducing ROS-dependent DNA double strand breaks. In mice bearing human U87 tumor xenograft, administration of DPT (10 mg· kg-1 ·d-1, i.p., for 8 days) markedly inhibited the tumor growth accompanied by NAD+ depletion, TAX1BP1 distribution to mitochondria, AIF distribution to nuclei as well as DNA DSBs and PARP1 activation in tumor tissues. Taken together, these data suggest that TAX1BP1 acts as a downstream signal of activated PARP1 to trigger nuclear translocation of AIF by activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shi-Peng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yu-Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guang-Fan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Peng-Fei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Sekar P, Hsiao G, Hsu SH, Huang DY, Lin WW, Chan CM. Metformin inhibits methylglyoxal-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell death and retinopathy via AMPK-dependent mechanisms: Reversing mitochondrial dysfunction and upregulating glyoxalase 1. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102786. [PMID: 37348156 PMCID: PMC10363482 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in adult, and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is a major pathologic event in DR. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, is a precursor of AGEs. Although the therapeutic potential of metformin for retinopathy disorders has recently been elucidated, possibly through AMPK activation, it remains unknown how metformin directly affects the MGO-induced stress response in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Therefore, in this study, we compared the effects of metformin and the AMPK activator A769662 on MGO-induced DR in mice, as well as evaluated cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dynamic changes and dysfunction in ARPE-19 cells. We found MGO can induce mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, but reduce cytosolic ROS level in ARPE-19 cells. Although these effects of MGO can be reversed by both metformin and A769662, we demonstrated that reduction of mitochondrial ROS production rather than restoration of cytosolic ROS level contributes to cell protective effects of metformin and A769662. Moreover, MGO inhibits AMPK activity, reduces LC3II accumulation, and suppresses protein and gene expressions of MFN1, PGC-1α and TFAM, leading to mitochondrial fission, inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy. In contrast, these events of MGO were reversed by metformin in an AMPK-dependent manner as evidenced by the effects of compound C and AMPK silencing. In addition, we observed an AMPK-dependent upregulation of glyoxalase 1, a ubiquitous cellular enzyme that participates in the detoxification of MGO. In intravitreal drug-treated mice, we found that AMPK activators can reverse the MGO-induced cotton wool spots, macular edema and retinal damage. Functional, histological and optical coherence tomography analysis support the protective actions of both agents against MGO-elicited retinal damage. Metformin and A769662 via AMPK activation exert a strong protection against MGO-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell death and retinopathy. Therefore, metformin and AMPK activator can be therapeutic agents for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponarulselvam Sekar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hao Hsu
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Toragall V, Muzaffar JC, Baskaran V. Lutein loaded double-layered polymer nanocarrier modulate H 2O 2 and CoCl 2 induced oxidative and hypoxia damage and angiogenic markers in ARPE-19 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124378. [PMID: 37030468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Lutein plays a crucial role in the protection of retina by diminishing oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, its poor aqueous solubility, chemical instability and low bioavailability edge its application. Also, beneficial effects of lutein supplementation and lower lutein levels in the serum and retina of DR patients created an interest in nanopreparation. Hence, lutein-loaded chitosan‑sodium alginate nanocarrier comprising oleic acid core (LNCs) was developed and examined its protective effect on hyperglycemia-mediated changes in oxidative stress and angiogenesis in ARPE-19 cells. Results showed that the LNCs have smaller size and a smooth spherical morphology and did not affect the ARPE-19 cell viability (up to 20 μM) and showed higher cellular uptake in both normal and H2O2-induced stress conditions. LNCs pre-treatment suppressed the H2O2-induced oxidative stress and CoCl2-induced hypoxia-mediated elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde levels by restoring antioxidant enzymes in ARPE-19 cells. Further, LNCs protected H2O2-mediated down-regulation of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes. LNCs also restored the H2O2-altered angiogenic (Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) and Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)), endoplasmic reticulum stress (activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4)) and tight junction (Zona occludens 1 (ZO-1)) markers. To conclude, we could successfully develop biodegradable LNCs to improve the cellular uptake of lutein to treat DR by curtailing oxidative stress in retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeresh Toragall
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - J C Muzaffar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Vallikanan Baskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Shaito A, Al-Mansoob M, Ahmad SM, Haider MZ, Eid AH, Posadino AM, Pintus G, Giordo R. Resveratrol-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondria Biogenesis-associated Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Insights and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1184-1201. [PMID: 36237161 PMCID: PMC10286596 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221012122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders include different neurological conditions that affect nerve cells, causing the progressive loss of their functions and ultimately leading to loss of mobility, coordination, and mental functioning. The molecular mechanisms underpinning neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis are still unclear. Nonetheless, there is experimental evidence to demonstrate that the perturbation of mitochondrial function and dynamics play an essential role. In this context, mitochondrial biogenesis, the growth, and division of preexisting mitochondria, by controlling mitochondria number, plays a vital role in maintaining proper mitochondrial mass and function, thus ensuring efficient synaptic activity and brain function. Mitochondrial biogenesis is tightly associated with the control of cell division and variations in energy demand in response to extracellular stimuli; therefore, it may represent a promising therapeutic target for developing new curative approaches to prevent or counteract neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, several inducers of mitochondrial biogenesis have been proposed as pharmacological targets for treating diverse central nervous system conditions. The naturally occurring polyphenol resveratrol has been shown to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in various tissues, including the nervous tissue, and an ever-growing number of studies highlight its neurotherapeutic potential. Besides preventing cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, resveratrol has been shown to be able to enhance mitochondria biogenesis by acting on its main effectors, including PGC-1α, SIRT1, AMPK, ERRs, TERT, TFAM, NRF-1 and NRF-2. This review aims to present and discuss the current findings concerning the impact of resveratrol on the machinery and main effectors modulating mitochondrial biogenesis in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Maryam Al-Mansoob
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Salma M.S. Ahmad
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, 505055, United Arab Emirates
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Wu Y, Zou H. Research Progress on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2250. [PMID: 36421435 PMCID: PMC9686704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, which can lead to blindness in severe cases. Mitochondria are energy-producing organelles in eukaryotic cells, which participate in metabolism and signal transduction, and regulate cell growth, differentiation, aging, and death. Metabolic changes of retinal cells and epigenetic changes of mitochondria-related genes under high glucose can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and induce mitochondrial pathway apoptosis. In addition, mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics also change adaptively. These mechanisms may be related to the occurrence and progression of DR, and also provide valuable clues for the prevention and treatment of DR. This article reviews the mechanism of DR induced by mitochondrial dysfunction, and the prospects for related treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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Dai J, Wu Z. Mitochondrial Potassium Channel-Dependent Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ginsenoside Mc1 in Rat Spinal Cord Injury. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1189.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Kumar Kalvala A, Bagde A, Arthur P, Kumar Surapaneni S, Ramesh N, Nathani A, Singh M. Role of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in rodents. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108693. [PMID: 35303507 PMCID: PMC10791145 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate if phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabidiol (CBD), and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), and their combination, could protect mice from Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN). Six groups of C57BL/6J mice (n = 6) were used in this study. The mice were given paclitaxel (PTX) (8 mg/kg/day, i.p.) on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 to induce neuropathy. Mice were evaluated for behavioral parameters, and dorsal root ganglions (DRG) were collected from the animals and subjected to RNA sequencing and westernblot analysis at the end of the study. On cultured DRGs derived from adult male rats, immunocytochemistry and mitochondrial functional assays were also performed. When compared to individual treatments, the combination of CBD and THCV improved thermal and mechanical neurobehavioral symptoms in mice by twofold. Targets for CBD and THCV therapy were identified by KEGG (RNA sequencing). PTX reduced the expression of p-AMPK, SIRT1, NRF2, HO1, SOD2, and catalase while increasing the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, p-P38 MAP kinase, BAX, TGF-β, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase 3 in DRG homogenates of mice. Combination therapy outperformed monotherapy in reversing these protein expressions. The addition of CBD and THCV to DRG primary cultures reduced mitochondrial superoxides while increasing mitochondrial membrane potentials. WAY100135 and rimonabant altered the neuroprotective effects of CBD and THCV respectively by blocking 5-HT1A and CB1 receptors in mice and DRG primary cultures. The entourage effect of CBD and THCV against PIPN appears to protect neurons in mice via 5HT1A and CB1 receptors respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Kalvala
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Arvind Bagde
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Peggy Arthur
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Surapaneni
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Nimma Ramesh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Aakash Nathani
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA.
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13
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Multi-Ingredient Supplement Supports Mitochondrial Health through Interleukin-15 Signaling in Older Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The macroscopic and microscopic deterioration of human skin with age is, in part, attributed to a functional decline in mitochondrial health. We previously demonstrated that exercise attenuated age-associated changes within the skin through enhanced mitochondrial health via IL-15 signaling, an exercise-induced cytokine whose presence increases in circulation following physical activity. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if these mitochondrial-enhancing effects could be mimicked with the provision of a novel multi-ingredient supplement (MIS). Cultured human fibroblasts isolated from older, sedentary women were treated with control media (CON) or CON supplemented with the following active ingredients to create the MIS: coenzyme Q10, alpha lipoic acid, resveratrol, curcumin, zinc, lutein, astaxanthin, copper, biotin, and vitamins C, D, and E. Outcomes were determined following 24 or 72 h of treatment. MIS provision to dermal fibroblasts significantly increased the mRNA abundance of mitochondrial biogenesis activators and downstream IL-15 signaling pathways, and proteins for oxidative phosphorylation subunits and antioxidant defenses. These findings were co-temporal with lower cellular senescence and cytotoxicity following MIS treatment. In summary, MIS supplementation led to exercise-mimetic effects on human dermal fibroblasts and their mitochondria by reproducing the molecular and biochemical effects downstream of IL-15 activation.
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Liu Z, He L. Adiponectin promotes repair of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Metabolism 2022; 128:154959. [PMID: 34953916 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial biogenesis and dysfunction are associated with renal tubular epithelial cell injury and the pathophysiological development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Adiponectin (APN) is a plasma hormone protein specifically secreted by adipocytes. In the present study, we studied the effects of APN on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in renal tubular epithelial cells and examined the mechanisms underlying its actions. MATERIALS A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established using streptozotocin (STZ), and an NRK-52E culture model exposed to high glucose was also used. We found that APN treatment alleviated kidney histopathological injury in T2DM rats, reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) levels, maintained stable animal weight, promoted cell viability, inhibited apoptosis and the formation of autophagosomes, and also increased mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS We found that the expression of AdipoR1/CREB/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway proteins and respiratory chain complex subunits CO1, CO2, CO3, ATP6 and ATP8 were significantly increased after APN treatment. We also found that inhibition of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) weakened the effects of APN in NRK-52E cells treated with high glucose. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that AdipoR1 interacted with CREB. CONCLUSION APN promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and function in renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating the AdipoR1/CREB/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway. APN has the potential to serve as an effective drug for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China; Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China; Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Yiya Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China; Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China; Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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RNA-Seq Profiling to Investigate the Mechanism of Qishen Granules on Regulating Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism of Heart Failure in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:5779307. [PMID: 35003305 PMCID: PMC8741342 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5779307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. Qishen granules (QSG) are a frequently prescribed formula with cardioprotective properties prescribed to HF for many years. RNA-seq profiling revealed that regulation on cardiac mitochondrial energy metabolism is the main therapeutic effect. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we explored the effects of QSG on regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress through the PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM signaling pathway. RNA-seq technology revealed that QSG significantly changed the differential gene expression of mitochondrial dysfunction in myocardial ischemic tissue. The mechanism was verified through the left anterior descending artery- (LAD-) induced HF rat model and oxygen glucose deprivation/recovery- (OGD/R-) established H9C2 induction model both in vivo and in vitro. Echocardiography and HE staining showed that QSG could effectively improve the cardiac function of rats with myocardial infarction in functionality and structure. Furthermore, transcriptomics revealed QSG could significantly regulate mitochondrial dysfunction-related proteins at the transcriptome level. The results of electron microscopy and immunofluorescence proved that the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane structural integrity, and myocardial oxidative stress damage can be effectively improved after QSG treatment. Mechanism studies showed that QSG increased the expression level of mitochondrial biogenesis factor PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM protein and regulated the balance of mitochondrial fusion/fission protein expression. QSG could regulate mitochondrial dysfunction in ischemia heart tissue to protect cardiac function and structure in HF rats. The likely mechanism is the adjustment of PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM pathway to alleviate oxidative stress in myocardial cells. Therefore, PGC-1α may be a potential therapeutic target for improving mitochondrial dysfunction in HF.
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16
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Shukal DK, Malaviya PB, Sharma T. Role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211063165. [PMID: 35196887 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211063165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a precise role as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK is activated in response to the signalling cues that exhaust cellular ATP levels such as hypoxia, ischaemia, glucose depletion and heat shock. As a central regulator of both lipid and glucose metabolism, AMPK is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases, including eye disorders. OBJECTIVE To review all the shreds of evidence concerning the role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. METHOD Scientific data search and review of available information evaluating the influence of AMPK signalling on ocular diseases. RESULTS Review highlights the significance of AMPK signalling in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases, including cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal diseases, etc. The review also provides the information on the AMPK-associated pathways with reference to ocular disease, which includes mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and regulation of inflammatory response. CONCLUSION The study concludes the role of AMPK in ocular diseases. There is growing interest in the therapeutic utilization of the AMPK pathway for ocular disease treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of AMPK signalling might represent more pertinent strategy than AMPK activation for ocular disease treatment. Such information will guide the development of more effective AMPK modulators for ocular diseases.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval K Shukal
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja B Malaviya
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tusha Sharma
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Yin J, Chen X. Edaravone prevents high glucose-induced injury in retinal Müller cells through thioredoxin1 and the PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1233-1244. [PMID: 34506218 PMCID: PMC8439237 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1972123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Oxidative injury in a high-glucose (HG) environment may be a mechanism of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and edaravone can protect retinal ganglion cells by scavenging ROS. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of edaravone on HG-induced injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, Müller cells were cultured by different concentrations of glucose for different durations to obtain a suitable culture concentrations and duration. Müller cells were then divided into Control, HG + Vehicle, HG + Eda-5 μM, HG + Eda-10 μM, HG + Eda-20 μM, and HG + Eda-40 μM groups. Cells were cultured by 20 mM glucose and different concentrations of edaravone for 72 h. RESULTS The IC50 of glucose at 12-72 h is 489.3, 103.5, 27.92 and 20.71 mM, respectively. When Müller cells were cultured in 20 mM glucose for 72 h, the cell viability was 52.3%. Edaravone significantly increased cell viability compared to Vehicle (68.4% vs 53.3%; 78.6% vs 53.3%). The EC50 of edaravone is 34.38 μM. HG induced high apoptosis rate (25.5%), while edaravone (20 and 40 μM) reduced it to 12.5% and 6.89%. HG increased the DCF fluorescence signal (189% of Control) and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential by 57%. Edaravone significantly decreased the DCF fluorescence signal (144% and 132% of Control) and recovered the mitochondrial membrane potential to 68% and 89% of Control. Furthermore, HG decreased the expression of TRX1, PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM, which were restored by edaravone. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings provide a new potential approach for the treatment of DR and indicated new molecular targets in the prevention of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanping Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinke Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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18
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M V, Wang K. Dietary natural products as a potential inhibitor towards advanced glycation end products and hyperglycemic complications: A phytotherapy approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112336. [PMID: 34678719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products exist in various natural foods such as plants, herbs, fruits, and vegetables. Furthermore, marine life offers potential natural products with significant biological activity. The biochemical reaction is known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) occurs in the human body. On the other hand, foods are capable of a wide range of processing conditions resulting in the generation of exogenous AGEs adducts. Protein glycation and the formation of advanced glycation end products both contribute to the pathogenesis of hyperglycemic complications. AGEs also play a pivotal role in microvascular and macrovascular complications progression by receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). RAGE activate by AGEs leads to up-regulation of transcriptional factor NF-kB and inflammatory genes. Around the globe, researchers are working in various approaches for therapeutical implications on controlling AGEs mediated disease complications. In this regard, one of the potential promising agents observed with a wide range of AGEs inhibition by food-derived natural products. Current biotechnological tools have been turned to natural products or phytochemicals to manufacture the molecules without compromising their functionality. Metabolic engineering and bioinformatics perspectives have recently enabled the generation of a few potent metabolites with anti-diabetic activity. As the primary focus, this review article will also discuss multidisciplinary approaches that emphasize current advances in anti-diabetic therapeutic action and future perspectives of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykrishnaraj M
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Kuiwu Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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19
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Anitha RE, Janani R, Peethambaran D, Baskaran V. Lactucaxanthin protects retinal pigment epithelium from hyperglycemia-regulated hypoxia/ER stress/VEGF pathway mediated angiogenesis in ARPE-19 cell and rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174014. [PMID: 33705802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia mediated perturbations in biochemical pathways induce angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of lactucaxanthin, a predominant lettuce carotenoid, on hyperglycemia-mediated activation of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo diabetic model. ARPE-19 cells cultured in 30 mM glucose concentration were treated with lactucaxanthin (5 μM and 10 μM) for 48 h. They were assessed for antioxidant enzyme activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, and cell migration. In the animal experiment, streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were gavaged with lactucaxanthin (200 μM) for 8 weeks. Parameters like animal weight gain, feed intake, water intake, urine output, and fasting blood glucose level were monitored. In both models, lutein-treated groups were considered as a positive control. Hyperglycemia-mediated angiogenic marker expressions in ARPE-19 and retina of diabetic rats were quantified through the western blot technique. Expression of hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, and vascular endothelial growth factor were found to be augmented in the hyperglycemia group compared to control (P < 0.05). Hyperglycemia plays a crucial role in increasing cellular migration and reactive oxygen species besides disrupting tight junction protein. Compared to lutein, lactucaxanthin aids retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) function from hyperglycemia-induced stress conditions via downregulating angiogenesis markers expression. Lactucaxanthin potentiality observed in protecting tight junction protein expression via modulating reactive oxygen species found to conserve RPE integrity. Results demonstrate that lactucaxanthin exhibits robust anti-angiogenic activity for the first time and, therefore, would be useful as an alternative therapy to prevent or delay DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Elavarasan Anitha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Rajasekar Janani
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Divya Peethambaran
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Vallikannan Baskaran
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
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20
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Zafirlukast promotes mitochondrial respiration by stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:643-650. [PMID: 33977464 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lung diseases, including asthma, pose a serious global health issue. Loss of mitochondrial function and decreased mitochondrial biogenesis play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of chronic lung diseases. Thus, maintaining mitochondrial function and homeostasis is an important treatment goal. Zafirlukast is a CysLTR1 antagonist that is widely used as an adjuvant treatment for asthma. In the present study, we investigated the effects of zafirlukast in vitro using human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). We performed measurements of oxygen consumption and bioenergetics and found that zafirlukast increased mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis in human BECs as evidenced by increased mitochondrial mass and mtDNA/nDNA. Through real-time PCR and western blot analysis, we found that zafirlukast significantly increased the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM at both the mRNA and protein levels. Finally, we determined that these effects are mediated through CREB signaling and that inhibition of CREB with its specific inhibitor H89 abolished the effects of zafirlukast described above. Thus, zafirlukast might have potential in enhancing mitochondrial function by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cells through upregulating the expression of PGC-1α and activating the CREB pathway.
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21
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Różanowska MB, Czuba-Pelech B, Landrum JT, Różanowski B. Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Dehydrolutein with Lutein and Zeaxanthin, and their Effects on Cultured Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050753. [PMID: 34068492 PMCID: PMC8151661 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydrolutein accumulates in substantial concentrations in the retina. The aim of this study was to compare antioxidant properties of dehydrolutein with other retinal carotenoids, lutein, and zeaxanthin, and their effects on ARPE-19 cells. The time-resolved detection of characteristic singlet oxygen phosphorescence was used to compare the singlet oxygen quenching rate constants of dehydrolutein, lutein, and zeaxanthin. The effects of these carotenoids on photosensitized oxidation were tested in liposomes, where photo-oxidation was induced by light in the presence of photosensitizers, and monitored by oximetry. To compare the uptake of dehydrolutein, lutein, and zeaxanthin, ARPE-19 cells were incubated with carotenoids for up to 19 days, and carotenoid contents were determined by spectrophotometry in cell extracts. To investigate the effects of carotenoids on photocytotoxicity, cells were exposed to light in the presence of rose bengal or all-trans-retinal. The results demonstrate that the rate constants for singlet oxygen quenching are 0.77 × 1010, 0.55 × 1010, and 1.23 × 1010 M-1s-1 for dehydrolutein, lutein, and zeaxanthin, respectively. Overall, dehydrolutein is similar to lutein or zeaxanthin in the protection of lipids against photosensitized oxidation. ARPE-19 cells accumulate substantial amounts of both zeaxanthin and lutein, but no detectable amounts of dehydrolutein. Cells pre-incubated with carotenoids are equally susceptible to photosensitized damage as cells without carotenoids. Carotenoids provided to cells together with the extracellular photosensitizers offer partial protection against photodamage. In conclusion, the antioxidant properties of dehydrolutein are similar to lutein and zeaxanthin. The mechanism responsible for its lack of accumulation in ARPE-19 cells deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata B. Różanowska
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-292-087-5057
| | - Barbara Czuba-Pelech
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - John T. Landrum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
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22
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Ma L, Li Y, Ma X, EER H. Genome-wide SNPs and indels characteristics of three chinese domestic sheep breeds from different ecoregions. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Sun S, Jiang T, Duan N, Wu M, Yan C, Li Y, Cai M, Wang Q. Activation of CB1R-Dependent PGC-1α Is Involved in the Improved Mitochondrial Biogenesis Induced by Electroacupuncture Pretreatment. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 24:104-119. [PMID: 32746712 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment induces cerebral ischemic tolerance; however, the mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the participation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in the neuroprotection of EA and whether cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) is involved in this mechanism. At 2 hours after EA pretreatment, adult male C57BL/6j mice were subjected to 60-minute right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mitochondrial function, the level of mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins (nuclear transcription factor 1, NRF1; mitochondrial transcription factor A, TFAM), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were measured. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PGC-1α and the CB1R antagonists AM251 and SR141716A were given to the animals before EA pretreatment, and mitochondrial function and biogenesis were examined after MCAO. EA ameliorated the mitochondrial function, upregulated the NRF1 and TFAM expression, and increased the mtDNA levels and the volume and number of mitochondria. EA pretreatment increased the expression of PGC-1α, whereas the PGC-1α siRNA and CB1R antagonists reversed the improved neuroprotection and increased mitochondrial biogenesis induced by EA. Our results indicated that EA pretreatment protects the mitochondria and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis by activating CB1R-dependent PGC-1α, which provides a novel mechanism for EA pretreatment-induced ischemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The Medical Department of the Emergency Centre of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaoying Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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24
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Metformin Protects ARPE-19 Cells from Glyoxal-Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1740943. [PMID: 32695253 PMCID: PMC7368933 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1740943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protective effects and mechanisms of metformin against oxidative stress were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. ARPE-19 cells comprised the normal group, the glyoxal-treated group (0.5 mM glyoxal), and the glyoxal+metformin group (0.5 mM glyoxal and 0.1 mM metformin). In the in vitro model, differences in cell viability, ROS production, NO products, cellular apoptosis, and the expressions of phospho-AMPKα, total-AMPKα, Sirt1, Nrf2, TXNIP, ZO-1, and Occludin were assessed. In the glyoxal-treated group, cell viability and NO production were decreased, while ROS production and cell apoptosis were increased (p < 0.05), compared with the control group. These changes were prevented by metformin treatment. Protein expressions of phospho-AMPKα, Sirt1, TXNIP, ZO-1, and Occludin, but not Nrf2, were decreased significantly in the glyoxal-treated group compared to normal controls. Metformin treatment significantly increased the above protein expressions and slightly increased TXNIP expression. Immunofluorescence showed that metformin prevented the glyoxal-induced, disorganized tight junctions in ARPE-19 cells. To confirm metformin's protection, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with sodium iodate (SI) to induce oxidative stress in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Metformin was then delivered intraperitoneally or intravitreally. One day and three days after SI and metformin treatments, the RPE-Bruch's membrane-choriocapillaris complex was isolated and immune-stained with ZO-1 antibodies. The morphology of the RPE showed enlarged cellular bodies and disorganized ZO-1 staining in SI-treated rats. Metformin treatment prevented these changes. The results indicated that metformin maintained the barrier functions of RPE cells both in vivo and in vitro. Metformin exerted its protection against oxidative stress possibly via activating AMPK/Sirt1 and increasing TXNIP. Metformin has been proposed as a candidate drug for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by both preclinical and clinical studies. The cellular and animal models used in this study might be useful for the interpretation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the drug activity.
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Yang L, Ma YM, Shen XL, Fan YC, Zhang JZ, Li PA, Jing L. The Involvement of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Selenium Reduced Hyperglycemia-Aggravated Cerebral Ischemia Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1888-1901. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Alonso-Garrido M, Tedeschi P, Maietti A, Font G, Marchetti N, Manyes L. Mitochondrial transcriptional study of the effect of aflatoxins, enniatins and carotenoids in vitro in a blood brain barrier model. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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