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Velazquez FN, Luberto C, Canals D, Hannun YA. Enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism as transducers of metabolic inputs. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20231442. [PMID: 39101614 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) constitute a discrete subdomain of metabolism, and they display both structural and signaling functions. Accumulating evidence also points to intimate connections between intermediary metabolism and SL metabolism. Given that many SLs exhibit bioactive properties (i.e. transduce signals), these raise the possibility that an important function of SLs is to relay information on metabolic changes into specific cell responses. This could occur at various levels. Some metabolites are incorporated into SLs, whereas others may initiate regulatory or signaling events that, in turn, modulate SL metabolism. In this review, we elaborate on the former as it represents a poorly appreciated aspect of SL metabolism, and we develop the hypothesis that the SL network is highly sensitive to several specific metabolic changes, focusing on amino acids (serine and alanine), various fatty acids, choline (and ethanolamine), and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola N Velazquez
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Chiara Luberto
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Daniel Canals
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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2
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Sola-Leyva A, Jabalera Y, Jimenez-Carretero M, Lázaro M, Pozo-Gualda T, García-Vargas PJ, Luque-Navarro PM, Fasiolo A, López-Cara LC, Iglesias GR, Paz Carrasco-Jiménez M, Jiménez-López C. Directing novel ChoKα1 inhibitors using MamC-mediated biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles: a way to improve specificity and efficiency. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107693. [PMID: 39116523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Targeting phospholipid biosynthesis, specifically phosphatidylcholine (PC), which is enhanced in tumor cells, has been proven a suitable antitumor strategy. In fact, the overexpression of the choline kinase α1 (ChoKα1) isoform has been found in malignant cells and tumors, thus becoming an excellent antitumor target. ChoKα1 inhibitors are being synthesized at the present that show a large inhibitory activity. Two of them have been chosen in this study as representatives of different structural families: a biscationic biphenyl derivative of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinium substituted with a cyclic amine (here referred to as Fa22) and a biscationic biphenyl thioethano derivative of 7-chloro-quinolinium substituted with a pyrrolidinic moiety (here referred to as PL48). However, the potential use of these types of compounds in systemic treatments is hampered because of their low specificity. In fact, to enter the cell and reach their target, these inhibitors use choline transporters and inhibit choline uptake, being that one of the causes of their toxicity. One way to solve this problem could be allowing their entrance into the cells by alternative ways. With this goal, MamC-mediated magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs), already proven effective drug nanocarriers, have been used to immobilize Fa22 and PL48. The idea is to let BMNPs enter the cell (they enter the cell by endocytosis) carrying these molecules, and, therefore, offering another way in for these compounds. In the present study, we demonstrate that the coupling of Fa22 and PL48 to BMNPs allows these molecules to enter the tumoral cell without completely inhibiting choline uptake, so, therefore, the use of Fa22 and PL48 in these nanoformulations reduces the toxicity compared to that of the soluble drugs. Moreover, the nanoassemblies Fa22-BMNPs and PL48-BMNPs allow the combination of chemotherapy and local hyperthermia therapies for a enhanced cytotoxic effect on the tumoral HepG2 cell line. The consistency of the results, independently of the drug structure, may indicate that this behavior could be extended to other ChoKα1 inhibitors, opening up a possibility for their potential use in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sola-Leyva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada 18014, Spain.
| | - Ylenia Jabalera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | | | - Marina Lázaro
- NanoMag Lab. Department of Applied Physic, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Tamara Pozo-Gualda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Pedro J García-Vargas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Pilar M Luque-Navarro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Alberto Fasiolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Luisa C López-Cara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Guillermo R Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada 18014, Spain; NanoMag Lab. Department of Applied Physic, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; MNat Unit of Excellence, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - María Paz Carrasco-Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
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Al-Ibraheem A, Allouzi S, Abdlkadir AS, Mikhail-Lette M, Al-Rabi K, Ma'koseh M, Knoll P, Abdelrhman Z, Shahin O, Juweid ME, Paez D, Lopci E. PET/CT in leukemia: utility and future directions. Nucl Med Commun 2024; 45:550-563. [PMID: 38646840 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
2-Deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro- d -glucose PET/computed tomography ([ 18 F]FDG PET/CT) has proven to be a sensitive method for the detection and evaluation of hematologic malignancies, especially lymphoma. The increasing incidence and mortality rates of leukemia have raised significant concerns. Through the utilization of whole-body imaging, [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT provides a thorough assessment of the entire bone marrow, complementing the limited insights provided by biopsy samples. In this regard, [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT has the ability to assess diverse types of leukemia The utilization of [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT has been found to be effective in evaluating leukemia spread beyond the bone marrow, tracking disease relapse, identifying Richter's transformation, and assessing the inflammatory activity associated with acute graft versus host disease. However, its role in various clinical scenarios in leukemia remains unacknowledged. Despite their less common use, some novel PET/CT radiotracers are being researched for potential use in specific scenarios in leukemia patients. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to provide a thorough assessment of the current applications of [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT in the staging and monitoring of leukemia patients, as well as the potential for an expanding role of PET/CT in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Al-Ibraheem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC),
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan,
| | - Sudqi Allouzi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC),
| | | | - Miriam Mikhail-Lette
- Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria,
| | - Kamal Al-Rabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan,
| | - Mohammad Ma'koseh
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan,
| | - Peter Knoll
- Dosimetry and Medical Radiation Physics Section, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria,
| | - Zaid Abdelrhman
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan,
| | - Omar Shahin
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan,
| | - Malik E Juweid
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan and
| | - Diana Paez
- Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria,
| | - Egesta Lopci
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS - Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy
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Kim BG, Lee SH, Jang Y, Kang S, Kang CM, Cho NH. Differentially expressed genes associated with high metabolic tumor volume served as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:453. [PMID: 38741142 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of distinct biomarkers for pancreatic cancer is a major cause of early-stage detection difficulty. The pancreatic cancer patient group with high metabolic tumor volume (MTV), one of the values measured from positron emission tomography-a confirmatory method and standard care for pancreatic cancer, showed a poorer prognosis than those with low MTV. Therefore, MTV-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) may be candidates for distinctive markers for pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of MTV-related DEGs as markers or therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. METHODS Tumor tissues and their normal counterparts were obtained from patients undergoing preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT. The tissues were classified into MTV-low and MTV-high groups (7 for each) based on the MTV2.5 value of 4.5 (MTV-low: MTV2.5 < 4.5, MTV-high: MTV2.5 ≥ 4.5). Gene expression fold change was first calculated in cancer tissue compared to its normal counter and then compared between low and high MTV groups to obtain significant DEGs. To assess the suitability of the DEGs for clinical application, the correlation of the DEGs with tumor grades and clinical outcomes was analyzed in TCGA-PAAD, a large dataset without MTV information. RESULTS Total RNA-sequencing (MTV RNA-Seq) revealed that 44 genes were upregulated and 56 were downregulated in the high MTV group. We selected the 29 genes matching MTV RNA-seq patterns in the TCGA-PAAD dataset, a large clinical dataset without MTV information, as MTV-associated genes (MAGs). In the analysis with the TCGA dataset, MAGs were significantly associated with patient survival, treatment outcomes, TCGA-PAAD-suggested markers, and CEACAM family proteins. Some MAGs showed an inverse correlation with miRNAs and were confirmed to be differentially expressed between normal and cancerous pancreatic tissues. Overexpression of KIF11 and RCC1 and underexpression of ADCY1 and SDK1 were detected in ~ 60% of grade 2 pancreatic cancer patients and associated with ~ 60% mortality in stages I and II. CONCLUSIONS MAGs may serve as diagnostic markers and miRNA therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Among the MAGs, KIF11, RCC1, ADCY, and SDK1 may be early diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baek Gil Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas, Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Pocheon, South Korea
| | - Yeonsue Jang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suki Kang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Shi MX, Ding X, Tang L, Cao WJ, Su B, Zhang J. PROTAC EZH2 degrader-1 overcomes the resistance of podophyllotoxin derivatives in refractory small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:504. [PMID: 38644473 PMCID: PMC11034131 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly detrimental occurrence associated with severe neurological disorders, lacking effective treatment currently. Proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) may provide new therapeutic avenues for treatment of podophyllotoxin derivatives-resistant SCLC with LM, warranting further exploration. METHODS The SCLC cell line H128 expressing luciferase were mutated by MNNG to generate H128-Mut cell line. After subcutaneous inoculation of H128-Mut into nude mice, H128-LM and H128-BPM (brain parenchymal metastasis) cell lines were primarily cultured from LM and BPM tissues individually, and employed to in vitro drug testing. The SCLC-LM mouse model was established by inoculating H128-LM into nude mice via carotid artery and subjected to in vivo drug testing. RNA-seq and immunoblotting were conducted to uncover the molecular targets for LM. RESULTS The SCLC-LM mouse model was successfully established, confirmed by in vivo live imaging and histological examination. The upregulated genes included EZH2, SLC44A4, VEGFA, etc. in both BPM and LM cells, while SLC44A4 was particularly upregulated in LM cells. When combined with PROTAC EZH2 degrader-1, the drug sensitivity of cisplatin, etoposide (VP16), and teniposide (VM26) for H128-LM was significantly increased in vitro. The in vivo drug trials with SCLC-LM mouse model demonstrated that PROTAC EZH2 degrader-1 plus VM26 or cisplatin/ VP16 inhibited H128-LM tumour significantly compared to VM26 or cisplatin/ VP16 alone (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The SCLC-LM model effectively simulates the pathophysiological process of SCLC metastasis to the leptomeninges. PROTAC EZH2 degrader-1 overcomes chemoresistance in SCLC, suggesting its potential therapeutic value for SCLC LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Xing Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Jun Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
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Kohan AA, Lupien M, Cescon D, Deblois G, Ventura M, Metser U, Veit-Haibach P. Detection of metabolic adaptation in a triple-negative breast cancer animal model with [ 18F]choline-PET imaging as a surrogate for drug resistance. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1261-1267. [PMID: 38095672 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Test the feasibility of an image-based method to identify taxane resistance in mouse bearing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumor xenografts. METHODS Xenograft tumor-bearing mice from paclitaxel-sensitive and paclitaxel-resistant TNBC cells (MDA-MD-346) were generated by orthotopic injection into female NOD-SCID mice. When tumors reached 100-150 mm3, mice were scanned using [18F]choline PET/CT. Tumors were collected and sliced for autoradiography and immunofluorescence analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed accordingly. RESULTS From fifteen mice scanned, five had taxane-sensitive cell line tumors of which two underwent taxol-based treatment. From the remaining 10 mice with taxane-resistant cell line tumors, four underwent taxol-based treatment. Only 13 mice had the tumor sample analyzed histologically. When normalized to the blood pool, both cell lines showed differences in metabolic uptake before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Treated and untreated taxane-sensitive and taxane-resistant cell lines have different metabolic properties that could be leveraged before the start of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres A Kohan
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Toronto Joint Department Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System, Women's College Hospital, 263 McCaul St 4th floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1W7, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geneviève Deblois
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Manuela Ventura
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Animal Resources GSU, Human Technopole Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Ur Metser
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Toronto Joint Department Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System, Women's College Hospital, 263 McCaul St 4th floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1W7, Canada
| | - Patrick Veit-Haibach
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Toronto Joint Department Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System, Women's College Hospital, 263 McCaul St 4th floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1W7, Canada
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Challapalli A, Barwick TD, Dubash SR, Inglese M, Grech-Sollars M, Kozlowski K, Tam H, Patel NH, Winkler M, Flohr P, Saleem A, Bahl A, Falconer A, De Bono JS, Aboagye EO, Mangar S. Bench to Bedside Development of [ 18F]Fluoromethyl-(1,2- 2H 4)choline ([ 18F]D4-FCH). Molecules 2023; 28:8018. [PMID: 38138508 PMCID: PMC10745874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation is characterised by aberrant phospholipid metabolism of cancers, associated with the upregulation of choline kinase alpha (CHKα). Due to the metabolic instability of choline radiotracers and the increasing use of late-imaging protocols, we developed a more stable choline radiotracer, [18F]fluoromethyl-[1,2-2H4]choline ([18F]D4-FCH). [18F]D4-FCH has improved protection against choline oxidase, the key choline catabolic enzyme, via a 1H/2D isotope effect, together with fluorine substitution. Due to the promising mechanistic and safety profiles of [18F]D4-FCH in vitro and preclinically, the radiotracer has transitioned to clinical development. [18F]D4-FCH is a safe positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, with a favourable radiation dosimetry profile for clinical imaging. [18F]D4-FCH PET/CT in lung and prostate cancers has shown highly heterogeneous intratumoral distribution and large lesion variability. Treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients elicited mixed responses on PET at 12-16 weeks despite predominantly stable radiological appearances. The sum of the weighted tumour-to-background ratios (TBRs-wsum) was associated with the duration of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Challapalli
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (A.C.); (T.D.B.); (S.R.D.); (M.I.); (M.G.-S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Center, Horfield Road, Bristol BS2 8ED, UK;
| | - Tara D. Barwick
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (A.C.); (T.D.B.); (S.R.D.); (M.I.); (M.G.-S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; (H.T.); (N.H.P.)
| | - Suraiya R. Dubash
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (A.C.); (T.D.B.); (S.R.D.); (M.I.); (M.G.-S.); (K.K.)
| | - Marianna Inglese
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (A.C.); (T.D.B.); (S.R.D.); (M.I.); (M.G.-S.); (K.K.)
| | - Matthew Grech-Sollars
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (A.C.); (T.D.B.); (S.R.D.); (M.I.); (M.G.-S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kasia Kozlowski
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (A.C.); (T.D.B.); (S.R.D.); (M.I.); (M.G.-S.); (K.K.)
| | - Henry Tam
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; (H.T.); (N.H.P.)
| | - Neva H. Patel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; (H.T.); (N.H.P.)
| | - Mathias Winkler
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK; (M.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Penny Flohr
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Cotswold Road, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK; (P.F.); (J.S.D.B.)
| | - Azeem Saleem
- Invicro, A Konica Minolta Company, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Amit Bahl
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Center, Horfield Road, Bristol BS2 8ED, UK;
| | - Alison Falconer
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK; (M.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Johann S. De Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Cotswold Road, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK; (P.F.); (J.S.D.B.)
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (A.C.); (T.D.B.); (S.R.D.); (M.I.); (M.G.-S.); (K.K.)
| | - Stephen Mangar
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK; (M.W.); (A.F.)
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Yao N, Li W, Xu G, Duan N, Yu G, Qu J. Choline metabolism and its implications in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1234887. [PMID: 38023163 PMCID: PMC10646347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1234887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline, a quintessential quaternary ammonium compound, plays a cardinal role in several pivotal biological mechanisms, chiefly in safeguarding cell membrane integrity, orchestrating methylation reactions, and synthesizing vital neurotransmitters. This systematic review meticulously dissects the complex interplay between choline metabolism and its profound implications in oncology. The exposition is stratified into three salient dimensions: Initially, we delve into the intricacies of choline metabolism, accentuating its indispensability in cellular physiology, the enzymatic labyrinth governing its flux, and the pivotal cellular import mechanisms. Subsequently, we elucidate the contemporary comprehension of choline metabolism in the cancer paradigm, traversing its influence from inception to the intricate metamorphosis during oncogenic progression, further compounded by dysregulated enzyme activities and aberrant signaling cascades. Conclusively, we illuminate the burgeoning potential of choline-centric metabolic imaging modalities, notably magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and positron emission tomography (PET), as avant-garde tools for cancer diagnostics and therapeutic trajectory monitoring. Synoptically, the nuanced perturbations in choline metabolism in neoplastic entities unfurl critical insights, potentially heralding paradigm shifts in diagnostic and therapeutic oncological stratagems. A deeper foray into this realm is anticipated to fortify our molecular understanding and refine intervention modalities in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshuai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
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Suntiparpluacha M, Chanthercrob J, Sa-nguanraksa D, Sitthikornpaiboon J, Chaiboonchoe A, Kueanjinda P, Jinawath N, Sampattavanich S. Retrospective study of transcriptomic profiling identifies Thai triple-negative breast cancer patients who may benefit from immune checkpoint and PARP inhibitors. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15350. [PMID: 37334114 PMCID: PMC10269579 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a rare and aggressive breast cancer subtype. Unlike the estrogen receptor-positive subtype, whose recurrence risk can be predicted by gene expression-based signature, TNBC is more heterogeneous, with diverse drug sensitivity levels to standard regimens. This study explored the benefit of gene expression-based profiling for classifying the molecular subtypes of Thai TNBC patients. Methods The nCounter-based Breast 360 gene expression was used to classify Thai TNBC retrospective cohort subgroups. Their expression profiles were then compared against the previously established TNBC classification system. The differential characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and DNA damage repair signatures across subgroups were also explored. Results Thai TNBC cohort could be classified into four main subgroups, corresponding to the LAR, BL-2, and M subtypes based on Lehmann's TNBC classification. The PAM50 gene set classified most samples as basal-like subtypes except for Group 1. Group 1 exhibited similar enrichment of the metabolic and hormone response pathways to the LAR subtype. Group 2 shared pathway activation with the BL-2 subtype. Group 3 showed an increase in the EMT pathway, similar to the M subtype. Group 4 showed no correlation with Lehmann's TNBC. The tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis showed high TME cell abundance with increased expression of immune blockade genes in Group 2. Group 4 exhibited low TME cell abundance and reduced immune blockade gene expressions. We also observed distinct signatures of the DNA double-strand break repair genes in Group 1. Conclusions Our study reported unique characteristics between the four TNBC subgroups and showed the potential use of immune checkpoint and PARP inhibitors in subsets of Thai TNBC patients. Our findings warrant further clinical investigation to validate TNBC's sensitivity to these regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monthira Suntiparpluacha
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jantappapa Chanthercrob
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Doonyapat Sa-nguanraksa
- Division of Head Neck and Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Sitthikornpaiboon
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amphun Chaiboonchoe
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patipark Kueanjinda
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Somponnat Sampattavanich
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Kenny TC, Khan A, Son Y, Yue L, Heissel S, Sharma A, Pasolli HA, Liu Y, Gamazon ER, Alwaseem H, Hite RK, Birsoy K. Integrative genetic analysis identifies FLVCR1 as a plasma-membrane choline transporter in mammals. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1057-1071.e12. [PMID: 37100056 PMCID: PMC10367582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of serum metabolites have the potential to uncover genes that influence human metabolism. Here, we combined an integrative genetic analysis that associates serum metabolites to membrane transporters with a coessentiality map of metabolic genes. This analysis revealed a connection between feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor 1 (FLVCR1) and phosphocholine, a downstream metabolite of choline metabolism. Loss of FLVCR1 in human cells strongly impairs choline metabolism due to the inhibition of choline import. Consistently, CRISPR-based genetic screens identified phospholipid synthesis and salvage machinery as synthetic lethal with FLVCR1 loss. Cells and mice lacking FLVCR1 exhibit structural defects in mitochondria and upregulate integrated stress response (ISR) through heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) kinase. Finally, Flvcr1 knockout mice are embryonic lethal, which is partially rescued by choline supplementation. Altogether, our findings propose FLVCR1 as a major choline transporter in mammals and provide a platform to discover substrates for unknown metabolite transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Kenny
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Artem Khan
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yeeun Son
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lishu Yue
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Søren Heissel
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hanan Alwaseem
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Hite
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kıvanç Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Bariås E, Jakubec M, Førsund E, Hjørnevik LV, Lewis AE, Halskau Ø. Contrasting the phospholipid profiles of two neoplastic cell lines reveal a high PC:PE ratio for SH-SY5Y cells relative to A431 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 656:23-29. [PMID: 36947963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipids have been implicated in Parkinson's Disease (PD). We therefore studied the lipid profile of the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, which is used extensively in PD research and compared it to that of the A431 epithelial cancer cell line. We have isolated whole cell extracts (WC) and plasma membrane (PM) fractions of both cell lines. The isolates were analyzed with 31P NMR. We observed a significant higher abundance of phosphatidylcholine (PC) for SH-SY5Y cells for both WC (55 ± 4.1%) and PM (63.3 ± 3.1%) compared to WC (40.5 ± 2.2%) and PM (43.4 ± 1.3%) of A431. Moreover, a higher abundance of phosphatidylethanolamine was detected for the WC of A431 compared to the SH-SY5Y. Using LC-MS/MS, we also determined the relative abundance of fatty acid (FA) moieties for each phospholipid class, finding that SH-SY5Y had high polyunsaturated FA levels, including arachidonic acid compared to A431 cells. When comparing our results to reported compositions of brain and neural tissues, we note the much higher PC levels, as well as very low levels of docosahexaenoic acid. However, relative levels of arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids were elevated, in line with what is desirable for a neural model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Bariås
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Jakubec
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elise Førsund
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Aurélia E Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øyvind Halskau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway.
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12
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Muto E, Okada T, Yamanaka T, Uchino H, Inazu M. Licochalcone E, a β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitor, Regulates Microglial M1/M2 Polarization via Inhibition of CTL1-Mediated Choline Uptake. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020191. [PMID: 36830561 PMCID: PMC9953043 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to be a series of neuroinflammatory diseases caused by abnormal deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein in the brain as part of its etiology. We focused on Aβ aggregation and M1 and M2 microglial polarity in microglia to search for novel therapeutic agents. It has been reported that the inhibition of choline uptake via choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) in microglia preferentially induces M2 microglial polarity. However, the role of the choline transport system on the regulation of microglial M1/M2 polarity in AD is not fully understood. Licochalcones (Licos) A-E, flavonoids extracted from licorice, have been reported to have immunological anti-inflammatory effects, and Lico A inhibits Aβ aggregation. In this study, we compared the efficacy of five Licos, from Lico A to E, at inhibiting Aβ1-42 aggregation. Among the five Licos, Lico E was selected to investigate the relationship between the inhibition of choline uptake and microglial M1/M2 polarization using the immortalized mouse microglial cell line SIM-A9. We newly found that Lico E inhibited choline uptake and Aβ1-42 aggregation in SIM-A9 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of Lico E on choline uptake is mediated by CTL1. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), a marker of M1 microglia, was increased by Aβ1-42, and its effect was inhibited by choline deprivation and Lico E in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, the mRNA expression of arginase-1 (Arg-1), a marker of M2 microglia, was increased by IL-4, and its effect was enhanced by choline deprivation and Lico E. We found that Lico E has an inhibitory effect on Aβ aggregation and promotes polarity from M1 to M2 microglia via inhibition of the CTL1 function in microglia. Thus, Lico E may become a leading compound for a novel treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Muto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Toshio Okada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masato Inazu
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3351-6141
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13
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Functional Expression of Choline Transporters in Microglia and Their Regulation of Microglial M1/M2 Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168924. [PMID: 36012189 PMCID: PMC9408370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microglia are key cells of the immune system in the central nervous system and are suggested to be deeply involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. It is well known that microglia have functional plasticity, with an inflammatory M1 phenotype and an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Inhibition of choline transport in macrophages has been reported to suppress the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, the role of the choline transport system in regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization has not been fully elucidated to date. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of choline uptake in microglia, and its association with microglial M1/M2 polarization. Methods: The immortalized mouse microglial cell line SIM-A9 was used for [3H]choline uptake and expression analysis of choline transporters. The association between the choline uptake system and the M1/M2 polarization of microglia was also analyzed. Results: Choline transporter-like protein (CTL) 1 and CTL2 were highly expressed in SIM-A9 cells, and CTL1 and CTL2 were localized in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, respectively. Functional analysis of choline uptake demonstrated the existence of Na+-independent, pH-dependent, and intermediate-affinity choline transport systems. Choline uptake was concentration-dependently inhibited by hemicholinium-3 (HC-3), an inhibitor of choline uptake, and increased by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Expression of the mRNA of M1 microglia markers IL-1β and IL-6 was increased by LPS, and their effects were suppressed by choline deprivation and HC-3. In contrast, mRNA expression of the M2 microglial marker arginase-1 (Arg-1) was increased by IL-4, and the effect was enhanced by choline deprivation and HC-3. Conclusions: Our results suggest that inhibition of CTL1-mediated choline uptake in microglia preferentially induces M2 microglia polarization, which is a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory brain diseases.
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14
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Wada Y, Okano K, Sato K, Sugimoto M, Shimomura A, Nagao M, Matsukawa H, Ando Y, Suto H, Oshima M, Kondo A, Asano E, Kishino T, Kumamoto K, Kobara H, Kamada H, Masaki T, Soga T, Suzuki Y. Tumor metabolic alterations after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy predict postoperative recurrence in patients with pancreatic cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:887-895. [PMID: 35523689 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the metabolic changes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to identify the mechanisms of treatment response of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. METHODS Frozen tumor and non-neoplastic pancreas tissues were prospectively obtained from 88 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent curative-intent surgery. Sixty-two patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and 26 patients did not receive neoadjuvant therapy (control group). Comprehensive analysis of metabolites in tumor and non-neoplastic pancreatic tissue was performed by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry detected 90 metabolites for analysis among more than 500 ionic metabolites quantified. There were significant differences in 27 tumor metabolites between the neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and control groups. There were significant differences in eight metabolites [1-MethylnNicotinamide, Carnitine, Glucose, Glutathione (red), N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate, N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate, UMP, Phosphocholine] between good responder and poor responder for neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Among these metabolites, phosphocholine, Carnitine and Glutathione were associated with recurrence-free survival only in the neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy group. Microarray confirmed marked gene suppression of choline transporters [CTL1-4 (SLC44A1-44A4)] in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy group. CONCLUSION The present study identifies several important metabolic consequences and potential neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Choline metabolism is one of the key pathways involved in recurrence of the patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Okano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shimomura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mina Nagao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ando
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hironobu Suto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Eisuke Asano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kishino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kumamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
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15
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Watson GA, Sanz-Garcia E, Zhang WJ, Liu ZA, Yang SC, Wang B, Liu S, Kubli S, Berman H, Pfister T, Genta S, Spreafico A, Hansen AR, Bedard PL, Lheureux S, Abdul Razak A, Cescon D, Butler MO, Xu W, Mak TW, Siu LL, Chen E. Increase in serum choline levels predicts for improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced cancers receiving pembrolizumab. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004378. [PMID: 35705312 PMCID: PMC9204435 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated that T cells can induce vasodilation in a choline-acetyltransferase dependent manner, leading to an increase in T cell migration to infected tissues in response to viral infection, but its role in cancer is unclear. Choline acetyltransferase catalyzes the production of acetylcholine from choline and acetyl-CoA, however, acetylcholine is challenging to quantify due to its extremely short half-life while choline is stable. This study aims to correlate serum choline levels in patients with advanced solid tumors receiving pembrolizumab with treatment outcomes. Methods Blood samples were collected at baseline and at week 7 (pre-cycle 3) in patients treated with pembrolizumab in the INvestigator-initiated Phase 2 Study of Pembrolizumab Immunological Response Evaluation phase II trial (NCT02644369). Samples were analyzed for choline and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the association between choline and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) when including ΔctDNAC3 (the change in ctDNA from baseline to cycle 3), cohort, PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB). An independent validation cohort from the LIBERATE study (NCT03702309) included patients on early phase trials treated with a PD-1 inhibitor. Results A total of 106 pts were included in the analysis. With a median follow-up of 12.6 months, median PFS and OS were 1.9 and 13.7 months, respectively. An increase in serum choline level at week 7 compared with baseline (ΔcholineC3) in 81 pts was significantly associated with a better PFS (aHR 0.48, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.83, p=0.009), and a trend toward a better OS (aHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.12, p=0.119). A combination of ΔctDNAC3 and ΔcholineC3 was prognostic for both OS and PFS. Multivariable analyses show ΔcholineC3 was a prognostic factor for PFS independent of ΔctDNAC3, cohort, PD-L1 and TMB. In the independent validation cohort (n=51), an increase in serum choline at cycle 2 was associated with a trend to improved PFS. Conclusions This is the first exploratory report of serum choline levels in pan-cancer patients receiving pembrolizumab. The association between improved PFS and ΔcholineC3 suggests a possible role for the cholinergic system in the regulation of antitumor immunity. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to validate this finding. Trial registration number NCT03702309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Alan Watson
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enrique Sanz-Garcia
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wen-Jiang Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhihui Amy Liu
- Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sy Cindy Yang
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben Wang
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Kubli
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hal Berman
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Pfister
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Genta
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe L Bedard
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albiruni Abdul Razak
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dave Cescon
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Stoica C, Ferreira AK, Hannan K, Bakovic M. Bilayer Forming Phospholipids as Targets for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095266. [PMID: 35563655 PMCID: PMC9100777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids represent a crucial component for the structure of cell membranes. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are two phospholipids that comprise the majority of cell membranes. De novo biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine occurs via the Kennedy pathway, and perturbations in the regulation of this pathway are linked to a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Altered phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine membrane content, phospholipid metabolite levels, and fatty acid profiles are frequently identified as hallmarks of cancer development and progression. This review summarizes the research on how phospholipid metabolism changes over oncogenic transformation, and how phospholipid profiling can differentiate between human cancer and healthy tissues, with a focus on colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. The potential for phospholipids to serve as biomarkers for diagnostics, or as anticancer therapy targets, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Stoica
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (C.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Adilson Kleber Ferreira
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Department of Oncology, Alchemypet—Veterinary Dignostic Medicine, São Paulo 05024-000, Brazil
| | - Kayleigh Hannan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (C.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (C.S.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Saito RDF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768606. [PMID: 35250970 PMCID: PMC8889569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To become resistant, cancer cells need to activate and maintain molecular defense mechanisms that depend on an energy trade-off between resistance and essential functions. Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to fuel cell growth and contribute to cancer drug resistance. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism have emerged as an important driver of resistance to anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the role of choline metabolism with a focus on the phosphatidylcholine cycle in the regulation of resistance to therapy. We analyze the contribution of phosphatidylcholine and its metabolites to intracellular processes of cancer cells, both as the major cell membrane constituents and source of energy. We further extended our discussion about the role of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid mediators in cellular communication between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their pivotal role in the immune regulation of therapeutic failure. Changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism are part of an adaptive program activated in response to stress conditions that contribute to cancer therapy resistance and open therapeutic opportunities for treating drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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García-Molina P, Sola-Leyva A, Luque-Navarro PM, Laso A, Ríos-Marco P, Ríos A, Lanari D, Torretta A, Parisini E, López-Cara LC, Marco C, Carrasco-Jiménez MP. Anticancer Activity of the Choline Kinase Inhibitor PL48 Is Due to Selective Disruption of Choline Metabolism and Transport Systems in Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020426. [PMID: 35214160 PMCID: PMC8876215 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of different types of cancer have been shown to be associated with an abnormal metabolism of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the main component of eukaryotic cell membranes. Indeed, the overexpression of choline kinase α1 (ChoKα1), the enzyme that catalyses the bioconversion of choline to phosphocholine (PCho), has been found to associate with cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and carcinogenesis. Hence, ChoKα1 has been described as a possible cancer therapeutic target. Moreover, the choline transporter CTL1 has been shown to be highly expressed in several tumour cell lines. In the present work, we evaluate the antiproliferative effect of PL48, a rationally designed inhibitor of ChoKα1, in MCF7 and HepG2 cell lines. In addition, we illustrate that the predominant mechanism of cellular choline uptake in these cells is mediated by the CTL1 choline transporter. A possible correlation between the inhibition of both choline uptake and ChoKα1 activity and cell proliferation in cancer cell lines is also highlighted. We conclude that the efficacy of this inhibitor on cell proliferation in both cell lines is closely correlated with its capability to block choline uptake and ChoKα1 activity, making both proteins potential targets in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Alberto Sola-Leyva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Pilar M. Luque-Navarro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Alejandro Laso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Pablo Ríos-Marco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Antonio Ríos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Daniela Lanari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Archimede Torretta
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Emilio Parisini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.P.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Luisa C. López-Cara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (L.C.L.-C.); (C.M.); (M.P.C.-J.)
| | - Carmen Marco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.L.-C.); (C.M.); (M.P.C.-J.)
| | - María P. Carrasco-Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.L.-C.); (C.M.); (M.P.C.-J.)
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19
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Kadonaga T, Sakabe T, Kidokoro Y, Haruki T, Nosaka K, Nakamura H, Umekita Y. Gene expression profiling using targeted RNA-sequencing to elucidate the progression from histologically normal lung tissues to non-invasive lesions in invasive lung adenocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 2022; 480:831-841. [PMID: 35067776 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) shows heterogeneous morphological features and the stepwise progression from adenocarcinoma in situ to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma to invasive LUAD. Although multiple genetic alterations have been linked to the progression, the differences between the gene expression profiles of non-invasive lesions (non-ILs) and adjacent histologically normal lung (aNL) tissues within invasive LUAD have not been investigated. Herein, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to early-stage carcinogenesis in LUAD. Invasive LUAD tissue samples containing both non-ILs and aNL tissues were obtained from seven patients with pathological stage I LUAD, and each component was subjected to microdissection. Gene expression profiles of each component were determined using targeted RNA-sequencing. In total, 2536 DEGs, including 863 upregulated and 1673 downregulated genes, were identified in non-ILs. In non-ILs, the expression of SLC44A5, a choline transporter-like protein-coding gene, was significantly upregulated, and that of TMEM100, a gene encoding a transmembrane protein, was significantly downregulated. Reportedly, SLC44A5 plays an important role in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas TMEM100 functions as a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that DEGs in non-ILs were negatively enriched in cell death and immune response. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that increased SLC44A5 expression and decreased TMEM100 expression were maintained in ILs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified several upregulated and downregulated hub genes with high degrees in non-ILs. In conclusion, several new DEGs and key PPI network hub genes were identified in non-ILs, contributing to understanding of early-stage carcinogenesis in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Kadonaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sakabe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kidokoro
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Haruki
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kanae Nosaka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Nakamura
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Umekita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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20
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Shibata K, Nishijima N, Hirai K, Watanabe S, Yamanaka T, Chikazu D, Inazu M. A Novel Plant-Derived Choline Transporter-like Protein 1 Inhibitor, Amb544925, Induces Apoptotic Cell Death via the Ceramide/Survivin Pathway in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:329. [PMID: 35053491 PMCID: PMC8773621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in the early detection and treatment of TSCC patients, recurrence rates and survival rates have not improved. The high frequency of lymph node metastasis is one of the causes, and the drug development of new therapeutic mechanisms such as metastasis control is desired. Choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) has attracted attention as a target molecule in cancer therapy. In this study, we examined the antitumor effects of Amb544925, a plant-derived CTL1 inhibitor. METHODS The TSCC cell line HSC-3 was used to measure [3H]choline uptake, cell survival, caspase activity, and cell migration. Xenograft model mice were prepared to verify the antitumor effect of Amb544925. RESULTS Amb544925 inhibited cell viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity at concentrations that inhibited choline uptake. Amb544925 and ceramide increased SMPD4 expression and suppressed surivivin expression. Furthermore, Amb544925 and ceramide inhibited the migration of HSC-3 cells. In the xenograft model mice, Amb544925 suppressed tumor growth and CTL1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS The plant-derived CTL1 inhibitor Amb544925 is a lead compound of a new anticancer agent exhibiting antitumor effects and inhibition of cell migration through the ceramide/survivin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Shibata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nishijima
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Kaho Hirai
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Saiichiro Watanabe
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Daichi Chikazu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masato Inazu
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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21
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Nair TS, Kakaraparthi BN, Yang L, Lu L, Thomas TB, Morris AC, Kommareddi P, Kanicki A, Carey TE. Slc44a2 deletion alters tetraspanin and N-cadherin expression: Reduced adhesion and enhanced proliferation in cultured mesenchymal lung cells. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101599. [PMID: 34371293 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Slc44a2 is reported to interact with tetraspanins CD9 and CD81. To investigate how Slc44a2 affects adhesion protein expression, cells from wild-type (WT) Slc44a2+/+, heterozygous (HET) Slc44a2+/-, and knockout (KO) Slc44a2-/- mice were cultured from lung tissue. The cultured cells expressed vimentin, N-cadherin, p120 catenin, beta-catenin, actin, CD9, and CD81, but not E-cadherin. Vimentin expression with lack of E-cadherin indicated that the cultured cells were of mesenchymal origin. Slc44a2 KO cells and HET cells demonstrated lower adherence and faster proliferation than the WT cells. All three groups displayed dramatically altered intracellular distribution of N-cadherin, CD9, and CD81. The CD9 membrane foci observed in WT cell membranes were less frequent and diminished in size in HET cells and KO cells. N-cadherin was dispersed throughout both the cytoplasm and membrane in WT cells, with similar yet weaker distribution in HET cells; however, in KO cells, N-cadherin was densely aggregated in the perinuclear cytoplasm. CD81 had a distribution pattern in WT, HET, and KO cells similar to that of N-cadherin with dense cytoplasmic clusters in the cells. KO cells also exhibited reduced filamentous actin as compared to WT cells. These results suggest that Slc44a2 is necessary for proper cellular localization of adhesion proteins and growth regulation that may be related to altered adhesion signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thankam S Nair
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Bala Naveen Kakaraparthi
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Lucy Yang
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Lillian Lu
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Trey B Thomas
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Anna C Morris
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Pavan Kommareddi
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Ariane Kanicki
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States.
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22
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Kao C, Cheng Y, Yang M, Cha T, Sun G, Ho C, Lin Y, Wang H, Wu S, Way T. Demethoxycurcumin induces apoptosis in HER2 overexpressing bladder cancer cells through degradation of HER2 and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2186-2195. [PMID: 34291863 PMCID: PMC9292507 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and arising from the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder. Resistance to cytotoxic therapies is associated with overexpression of oncogenic proteins; including HER2, and Akt in chemotherapy resistance of bladder cancer. Various studies demonstrated that curcuminoids, the most important active phenolic compounds of turmeric (Curcuma longa), have anti-tumor activities in a wide range of human malignant cell lines. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin) could repress the expression of HER2 in HER2-overexpressing bladder cancer cells. Among the test compounds, DMC significantly suppressed the expression of HER2, and preferentially inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HER2-overexpressing bladder cancer cells. DMC decreases HER2 level through inhibiting the interaction of HER2 and Hsp90. Our study also indicated that DMC showed additive activity in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, including paclitaxel and cisplatin. These findings show that DMC should be developed further as a new antitumor drug candidate for treatment of HER2-overexpressing bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien‐Chang Kao
- Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Ching Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyCollege of Life Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Hsin Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tai‐Lung Cha
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Guang‐Huan Sun
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Tang Ho
- Department of Food ScienceRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ying‐Chao Lin
- Division of NeurosurgeryBuddhist Tzu Chi General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineTzu Chi UniversityHualienTaiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological ScienceCentral Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hao‐Kuang Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryE‐Da Hospital/I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- School of MedicineI‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Sheng‐Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tzong‐Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyCollege of Life Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology IndustryCollege of Life Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition BiotechnologyAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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23
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Singh D, Dheer D, Samykutty A, Shankar R. Antibody drug conjugates in gastrointestinal cancer: From lab to clinical development. J Control Release 2021; 340:1-34. [PMID: 34673122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one the fastest growing biotherapeutics in oncology and are still in their infancy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer for clinical applications to improve patient survival. The ADC based approach is developed with tumor specific antigen, antibody carrying cytotoxic agents to precisely target and deliver chemotherapeutics at the tumor site. To date, 11 ADCs have been approved by US-FDA, and more than 80 are in the clinical development phase for different oncological indications. However, The ADCs based therapies in GI cancers are still far from having high-efficient clinical outcomes. The limited success of these ADCs and lessons learned from the past are now being used to develop a newer generation of ADC against GI cancers. In this review, we did a comprehensive assessment of the key components of ADCs, including tumor marker, antibody, cytotoxic payload, and linkage strategy, with a focus on technical improvement and some future trends in the pipeline for clinical translation. The various preclinical and clinical ADCs used in gastrointestinal malignancies, their target, composition and bioconjugation, along with preclinical and clinical outcomes, are discussed. The emphasis is also given to new generation ADCs employing novel mAb, payload, linker, and bioconjugation methods are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Divya Dheer
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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24
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Ma W, Cao Q, She W. Identification and clinical validation of gene signatures with grade and survival in head and neck carcinomas. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e11069. [PMID: 34550272 PMCID: PMC8457684 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e11069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore gene expression profiles that drive malignancy from low- to high-grade head and neck carcinomas (HNC), as well as to analyze their correlations with survival. Gene expressions and clinical data of HNC were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. The significantly differential genes (SDGs) between low- and high-grade HNC were screened. Cox regressions were performed to identify prognostic SDGs of progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). The genes were experimentally validated by RT-PCR in clinical tissue specimens. Thirty-five SDGs were identified in 47 low-grade and 30 high-grade HNC samples. Cox regression analyses showed that CXCL14, SLC44A1, and UBD were significantly associated with DSS, and PPP2R2C and SLC44A1 were associated with PFS. Patients were grouped into high-risk or low-risk groups for prognosis based on gene signatures. High-risk patients had significantly shorter DSS and PFS than low-risk patients (P=0.033 and P=0.010, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression showed HPV (P=0.033), lymph node status (P=0.032), and residual status (P<0.044) were independent risk factors for PFS. ROC curves showed the risk score had better efficacy to predict survival both for DSS and PFS (AUC=0.858 and AUC=0.901, respectively). The results showed CXCL14 and SLC44A1 were significantly overexpressed in the low-grade HNC tissues and the UBD were overexpressed in the high-grade HNC tissues. Our results suggested that SDGs had different expression profiles between the low-grade and high-grade HNC, and these genes may serve as prognostic biomarkers to predict survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wandong She
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Aleshin VA, Zhou X, Krishnan S, Karlsson A, Bunik VI. Interplay Between Thiamine and p53/p21 Axes Affects Antiproliferative Action of Cisplatin in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells by Changing Metabolism of 2-Oxoglutarate/Glutamate. Front Genet 2021; 12:658446. [PMID: 33868388 PMCID: PMC8047112 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.658446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is often deficient in oncopatients, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy. However, interaction between the thiamine deficiency and anticancer action of drugs has not been characterized. A major natural thiamine derivative, thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), is a coenzyme of central metabolism, also known to affect transcriptional activity of the master metabolic regulator and genome guardian p53. A direct transcriptional target of p53, p21, regulates cell cycle dynamics and DNA damage response. Our work focuses on dependence of the action of the DNA damaging anticancer drug cisplatin on metabolic regulation through p53/p21 axes and cellular thiamine status in human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549. These cells are used as a model of a hardly curable cancer, known to develop chemoresistance to platinum drugs, such as cisplatin. Compared to wild type (A549WT), a stable line with a 60% knockdown of p21 (A549p21-) is less sensitive to antiproliferative action of cisplatin. In contrast, in the thiamine-deficient medium, cisplatin impairs the viability of A549p21- cells more than that of A549WT cells. Analysis of the associated metabolic changes in the cells indicates that (i) p21 knockdown restricts the production of 2-oxoglutarate via glutamate oxidation, stimulating that within the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; (ii) cellular cisplatin sensitivity is associated with a 4-fold upregulation of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT2) by cisplatin; (iii) cellular cisplatin resistance is associated with a 2-fold upregulation of p53 by cisplatin. Correlation analysis of the p53 expression and enzymatic activities upon variations in cellular thiamine/ThDP levels indicates that p21 knockdown substitutes positive correlation of the p53 expression with the activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC) for that with the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). The knockdown also changes correlations of the levels of OGDHC, GDH and GOT2 with those of the malate and isocitrate dehydrogenases. Thus, a p53/p21-dependent change in partitioning of the glutamate conversion to 2-oxoglutarate through GOT2 or GDH, linked to NAD(P)-dependent metabolism of 2-oxoglutarate in affiliated pathways, adapts A549 cells to thiamine deficiency or cisplatin treatment. Cellular thiamine deficiency may interfere with antiproliferative action of cisplatin due to their common modulation of the p53/p21-dependent metabolic switch between the glutamate oxidation and transamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Aleshin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuba Krishnan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Functional Expression of Choline Transporters in Human Neural Stem Cells and Its Link to Cell Proliferation, Cell Viability, and Neurite Outgrowth. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020453. [PMID: 33672580 PMCID: PMC7924032 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline and choline metabolites are essential for all cellular functions. They have also been reported to be crucial for neural development. In this work, we studied the functional characteristics of the choline uptake system in human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Additionally, we investigated the effect of extracellular choline uptake inhibition on the cellular activities in hNSCs. We found that the mRNAs and proteins of choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 were expressed at high levels. Immunostaining showed that CTL1 and CTL2 were localized in the cell membrane and partly in the mitochondria, respectively. The uptake of extracellular choline was saturable and performed by a single uptake mechanism, which was Na+-independent and pH-dependent. We conclude that CTL1 is responsible for extracellular choline uptake, and CTL2 may uptake choline in the mitochondria and be involved in DNA methylation via choline oxidation. Extracellular choline uptake inhibition caused intracellular choline deficiency in hNSCs, which suppressed cell proliferation, cell viability, and neurite outgrowth. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the role of choline in neural development as well as the pathogenesis of various neurological diseases caused by choline deficiency or choline uptake impairment.
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27
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Li Q, Yang W, Lu M, Zhang R. Identification of a 6-Gene Signature Associated with Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Prognosis for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e927078. [PMID: 33296352 PMCID: PMC7734882 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used to treat metastatic disease associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); however, most patients develop resistance after 6 to 15 months. As such, identifying biomarkers of TKI resistance may be useful for prognosis. Material/Methods We analyzed ChIP-seq data related to TKI resistance from the Gene Expression Omnibus and RNA-Seq and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We used univariate Cox analysis and Cox regression/Lasso analysis to determine a risk score. The Kaplan-Meier estimate and receiver operating characteristic curve verified the risk score’s sensitivity and specificity. The stratified analysis and the univariate and multivariate analyses revealed its predictive power. We predicted survival time by constructing a nomogram. Results Of the 32 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to TKI resistance, 6 (ACE2, MMP24, SLC44A4, C1R, C1ORF194, ADAMTS15) were used to establish a risk score. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high-risk patients had shorter median survival times than low-risk patients, notably among those with metastatic disease (1.51 vs. 4.55 years). The stratified analysis revealed that patients with advanced disease had relatively higher risk scores than patients at early stages (P<0.001). Univariate analysis independently associated the 6-DEGs signature with the prognosis of metastatic ccRCC (hazard ratio, 1.217; 95% confidence interval, 1.090–1.358). The nomogram we constructed based on 6-DEGs signature and clinical parameters predicted survival time accurately. Conclusions We identified a 6-DEGs signature that permitted us to establish a risk score related to TKI resistance that can serve as a reliable biomarker for predicting the survival of patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinke Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Maoqing Lu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Ronggui Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Švec P, Nový Z, Kučka J, Petřík M, Sedláček O, Kuchař M, Lišková B, Medvedíková M, Kolouchová K, Groborz O, Loukotová L, Konefał RŁ, Hajdúch M, Hrubý M. Iodinated Choline Transport-Targeted Tracers. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15960-15978. [PMID: 33271015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel series of radioiodinated tracers and potential theranostics for diseases accompanied by pathological function of proteins involved in choline transport. Unlike choline analogues labeled with 11C or 18F that are currently used in the clinic, the iodinated compounds described herein are applicable in positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and potentially in therapy, depending on the iodine isotope selection. Moreover, favorable half-lives of iodine isotopes result in much less challenging synthesis by isotope exchange reaction. Six of the described compounds were nanomolar ligands, and the best compound possessed an affinity 100-fold greater than that of choline. Biodistribution data of 125I-labeled ligands in human prostate carcinoma bearing (PC-3) mice revealed two compounds with a biodistribution profile superior to that of [18F]fluorocholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Švec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Nový
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kučka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Petřík
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 1905/5, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lišková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Medvedíková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kolouchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Loukotová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Ł Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
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29
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Kunjiappan S, Pavadai P, Vellaichamy S, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Ravishankar V, Palanisamy P, Govindaraj S, Srinivasan G, Premanand A, Sankaranarayanan M, Theivendren P. Surface receptor‐mediated targeted drug delivery systems for enhanced cancer treatment: A state‐of‐the‐art review. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:309-340. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil Tamilnadu India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaichamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy Krishnankoil Tamilnadu India
| | | | | | - Ponnusamy Palanisamy
- School of Mechanical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamilnadu India
| | - Saravanan Govindaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry MNR College of Pharmacy Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Gowshiki Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil Tamilnadu India
| | - Adhvitha Premanand
- Department of Biotechnology Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil Tamilnadu India
| | | | - Panneerselvam Theivendren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy Elayampalayam, Namakkal Tamilnadu India
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30
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Fagerberg CR, Taylor A, Distelmaier F, Schrøder HD, Kibæk M, Wieczorek D, Tarnopolsky M, Brady L, Larsen MJ, Jamra RA, Seibt A, Hejbøl EK, Gade E, Markovic L, Klee D, Nagy P, Rouse N, Agarwal P, Dolinsky VW, Bakovic M. Choline transporter-like 1 deficiency causes a new type of childhood-onset neurodegeneration. Brain 2020; 143:94-111. [PMID: 31855247 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral choline metabolism is crucial for normal brain function, and its homoeostasis depends on carrier-mediated transport. Here, we report on four individuals from three families with neurodegenerative disease and homozygous frameshift mutations (Asp517Metfs*19, Ser126Metfs*8, and Lys90Metfs*18) in the SLC44A1 gene encoding choline transporter-like protein 1. Clinical features included progressive ataxia, tremor, cognitive decline, dysphagia, optic atrophy, dysarthria, as well as urinary and bowel incontinence. Brain MRI demonstrated cerebellar atrophy and leukoencephalopathy. Moreover, low signal intensity in globus pallidus with hyperintensive streaking and low signal intensity in substantia nigra were seen in two individuals. The Asp517Metfs*19 and Ser126Metfs*8 fibroblasts were structurally and functionally indistinguishable. The most prominent ultrastructural changes of the mutant fibroblasts were reduced presence of free ribosomes, the appearance of elongated endoplasmic reticulum and strikingly increased number of mitochondria and small vesicles. When chronically treated with choline, those characteristics disappeared and mutant ultrastructure resembled healthy control cells. Functional analysis revealed diminished choline transport yet the membrane phosphatidylcholine content remained unchanged. As part of the mechanism to preserve choline and phosphatidylcholine, choline transporter deficiency was implicated in impaired membrane homeostasis of other phospholipids. Choline treatments could restore the membrane lipids, repair cellular organelles and protect mutant cells from acute iron overload. In conclusion, we describe a novel childhood-onset neurometabolic disease caused by choline transporter deficiency with autosomal recessive inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Taylor
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Maria Kibæk
- Children Hospital of H. C Andersen, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lauren Brady
- Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Martin J Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rami A Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig University, Germany and Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Else Gade
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ljubo Markovic
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dirk Klee
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Prasoon Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Canada
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31
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Molecular and Functional Analysis of Choline Transporters and Antitumor Effects of Choline Transporter-Like Protein 1 Inhibitors in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155190. [PMID: 32707889 PMCID: PMC7432747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline, an organic cation, is one of the biofactors that play an important role in the structure and the function of biological membranes, and it is essential for the synthesis of phospholipids. Choline positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) provides useful information for the imaging diagnosis of cancers, and increased choline accumulation has been identified in a variety of tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms of choline uptake and choline transporters in pancreatic cancer have not been elucidated. Here, we examined molecular and functional analyses of choline transporters in human pancreatic-cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 and the elucidation of the action mechanism behind the antitumor effect of novel choline-transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) inhibitors, Amb4269951 and its derivative Amb4269675. CTL1 and CTL2 mRNAs were highly expressed in MIA PaCa-2 cells, and CTL1 and CTL2 proteins were localized in the plasma membrane and the intracellular compartments, respectively. Choline uptake was characterized by Na+-independence, a single-uptake mechanism, and inhibition by choline-uptake inhibitor HC-3, similar to the function of CTL1. These results suggest that the uptake of extracellular choline in MIA PaCa-2 cells is mediated by CTL1. Choline deficiency and HC-3 treatment inhibited cell viability and increased caspase 3/7 activity, suggesting that the inhibition of CTL1 function, which is responsible for choline transport, leads to apoptosis-induced cell death. Both Amb4269951 and Amb4269675 inhibited choline uptake and cell viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity. Ceramide, which is increased by inhibiting choline uptake, also inhibited cell survival and increased caspase-3/7 activity. Lastly, both Amb4269951 and Amb4269675 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a mouse-xenograft model without any adverse effects such as weight loss. CTL1 is a target molecule for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, and its inhibitors Amb4269951 and Amb4269675 are novel lead compounds.
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32
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Ji C, Lu Z, Xu L, Li F, Cong M, Shan X, Wu H. Global responses to tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) in rockfish Sebastes schlegeli using integrated proteomic and metabolomic approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138307. [PMID: 32272412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As alternatives of brominated flame retardants, organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) can be detected in multiple marine environmental media. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) was one of the most frequently and abundantly detected OPFRs in the Bohai Sea. Exposure to TCPP has been shown to induce abnormal behavior in zebrafish as well as neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, there is a lack of mechanism investigations on the toxic effects of TCPP at molecular levels. In this work, proteomics and metabolomics were integrated to analyze the proteome and metabolome responses in rockfish Sebastes schlegeli treated with TCPP (10 and 100 nM) for 15 days. A total of 143 proteins and 8 metabolites were significantly altered in rockfish following TCPP treatments. The responsive proteins and metabolites were predominantly involved in neurotransmission, neurodevelopment, signal transduction, cellular transport, cholesterol metabolism, bile acid synthesis, and detoxification. Furthermore, a hypothesized network of proteins, metabolites, and pathways in rockfish was summarized based on the combination of proteomic and metabolomic results, showing some key molecular events in response to TCPP. Overall, the present study unraveled the molecular responses at protein and metabolite levels, which provided a better understanding of toxicological effects and mechanisms of TCPP in marine teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhen Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lanlan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ming Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Shan
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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33
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Watanabe S, Nishijima N, Hirai K, Shibata K, Hase A, Yamanaka T, Inazu M. Anticancer Activity of Amb4269951, a Choline Transporter-Like Protein 1 Inhibitor, in Human Glioma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E104. [PMID: 32466342 PMCID: PMC7281368 DOI: 10.3390/ph13050104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) is highly expressed in glioma cells, and inhibition of CTL1 function induces apoptotic cell death. Therefore, CTL1 is a potential target molecule for glioma therapy. Here, we investigated the therapeutic mechanism underlying the antitumor effects of Amb4269951, a recently discovered novel CTL1 inhibitor, in the human glioma cell line U251MG, and evaluated its in vivo effects in a mouse xenograft model. Amb4269951 inhibited choline uptake and cell viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity. CTL1-mediated choline uptake is associated with cell viability, and the functional inhibition of CTL1 by Amb4269951 may promote apoptotic cell death via ceramide-induced suppression of the expression of survivin, an apoptotic inhibitory factor. Finally, Amb4269951 demonstrated an antitumor effect in a mice xenograft model by significantly inhibiting tumor growth without any weight loss. Amb4269951 is the lead compound in the treatment of glioma and exhibits a novel therapeutic mechanism. These results may lead to the development of novel anticancer drugs targeting the choline transporter CTL1, which has a different mechanism of action than conventional anticancer drugs against gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiichiro Watanabe
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (S.W.); (N.N.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Nozomi Nishijima
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (S.W.); (N.N.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Kaho Hirai
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (S.W.); (N.N.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Kaoru Shibata
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (S.W.); (N.N.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Akane Hase
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (S.W.); (N.N.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan;
| | - Masato Inazu
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (S.W.); (N.N.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (A.H.)
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan;
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Mo L, Wei B, Liang R, Yang Z, Xie S, Wu S, You Y. Exploring potential biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma using LC-MS/MS metabolomics. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519897215. [PMID: 32316791 PMCID: PMC7177994 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519897215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The average 5-year survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma patients is only 15% to 17%, which is primarily due to late-stage diagnosis and a lack of specific prognostic evaluations that can recommend effective therapies. Additionally, there is no clinically recognized biomarker that is effective for early-stage diagnosis. Methods Tissue samples from 10 lung adenocarcinoma patients (both tumor and non-tumor tissues) and 10 benign lung tumor samples were collected. The significantly differentially represented metabolites from the three groups were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Results Pathway analysis indicated that central carbon metabolism was the top altered pathway in lung adenocarcinoma, while protein digestion and absorption, and central carbon metabolism were the top altered pathways in benign lung tumors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that adenosine 3′-monophosphate, creatine, glycerol, and 14 other differential metabolites were potential sensitive and specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the metabolomics approach may be a useful method to detect potential biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of
University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of
University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Renji Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of
University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of
University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shouzhi Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of
University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shengrong Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of
University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong You
- Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan
Province, China
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35
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Saiki I, Yara M, Yamanaka T, Uchino H, Inazu M. Functional Expression of Choline Transporter-Like Protein 1 in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells: A Novel Molecular Target. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:195-201. [PMID: 31693854 PMCID: PMC7059810 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Choline PET or PET/CT has been used to visualize prostate cancer, and high levels of choline accumulation have been observed in tumors. However, the uptake system for choline and the functional expression of choline transporters in prostate cancer are not completely understood. In this study, the molecular and functional aspects of choline uptake were investigated in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line along with the correlations between choline uptake and cell viability in drug-treated cells. Choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 mRNA were highly expressed in LNCaP cells. CTL1 and CTL2 were located in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, respectively. [3H]Choline uptake was mediated by a single Na+-independent, intermediate-affinity transport system in the LNCaP cells. The anticancer drugs, flutamide and bicalutamide, inhibited cell viability and [3H]choline uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. The correlations between the effects of these drugs on cell viability and [3H]choline uptake were significant. Caspase-3/7 activity was significantly increased by both flutamide and bicalutamide. Furthermore, these drugs decreased CTL1 expression in the prostate cancer cell line. These results suggest that CTL1 is functionally expressed in prostate cancer cells and are also involved in abnormal proliferation. Identification of this CTL1-mediated choline transport system in prostate cancer cells provides a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Saiki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Miki Yara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masato Inazu
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Thompson EG, Sontheimer H. Acetylcholine Receptor Activation as a Modulator of Glioblastoma Invasion. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101203. [PMID: 31590360 PMCID: PMC6829263 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grade IV astrocytomas, or glioblastomas (GBMs), are the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The median GBM patient survival of 12–15 months has remained stagnant, in spite of treatment strategies, making GBMs a tremendous challenge clinically. This is at least in part due to the complex interaction of GBM cells with the brain microenvironment and their tendency to aggressively infiltrate normal brain tissue. GBMs frequently invade supratentorial brain regions that are richly innervated by neurotransmitter projections, most notably acetylcholine (ACh). Here, we asked whether ACh signaling influences the biology of GBMs. We examined the expression and function of known ACh receptors (AChRs) in large GBM datasets, as well as, human GBM cell lines and patient-derived xenograft lines. Using RNA-Seq data from the “The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA), we confirmed the expression of AChRs and demonstrated the functionality of these receptors in GBM cells with time-lapse calcium imaging. AChR activation did not alter cell proliferation or migration, however, it significantly increased cell invasion through complex extracellular matrices. This was due to the enhanced activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) from GBM cells, which we found to be dependent on an intracellular calcium-dependent mechanism. Consistent with these findings, AChRs were significantly upregulated in regions of GBM infiltration in situ (Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project) and elevated expression of muscarinic AChR M3 correlated with reduced patient survival (TCGA). Data from the Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) dataset also showed the co-expression of choline transporters, choline acetyltransferase, and vesicular acetylcholine transporters, suggesting that GBMs express all the proteins required for ACh synthesis and release. These findings identify ACh as a modulator of GBM behavior and posit that GBMs may utilize ACh as an autocrine signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Thompson
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Fralin Biomedical Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Fralin Biomedical Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Inazu M. Functional Expression of Choline Transporters in the Blood-Brain Barrier. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102265. [PMID: 31547050 PMCID: PMC6835570 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system play a vital role in higher brain functions, such as learning and memory. Choline is essential for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine by cholinergic neurons. The synthesis and metabolism of acetylcholine are important mechanisms for regulating neuronal activity. Choline is a positively charged quaternary ammonium compound that requires transporters to pass through the plasma membrane. Currently, there are three groups of choline transporters with different characteristics, such as affinity for choline, tissue distribution, and sodium dependence. They include (I) polyspecific organic cation transporters (OCT1-3: SLC22A1-3) with a low affinity for choline, (II) high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1: SLC5A7), and (III) choline transporter-like proteins (CTL1-5: SLC44A1-5). Brain microvascular endothelial cells, which comprise part of the blood-brain barrier, take up extracellular choline via intermediate-affinity choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and low-affinity CTL2 transporters. CTL2 is responsible for excreting a high concentration of choline taken up by the brain microvascular endothelial cells on the brain side of the blood-brain barrier. CTL2 is also highly expressed in mitochondria and may be involved in the oxidative pathway of choline metabolism. Therefore, CTL1- and CTL2-mediated choline transport to the brain through the blood-brain barrier plays an essential role in various functions of the central nervous system by acting as the rate-limiting step of cholinergic neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Inazu
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
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Tian X, Zhang G, Zou Z, Yang Z. Anticancer Drug Affects Metabolomic Profiles in Multicellular Spheroids: Studies Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging Combined with Machine Learning. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5802-5809. [PMID: 30951294 PMCID: PMC6573030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids (hereinafter referred to as spheroids) are 3D biological models. The metabolomic profiles inside spheroids provide crucial information reflecting the molecular phenotypes and microenvironment of cells. To study the influence of an anticancer drug on the spatially resolved metabolites, spheroids were cultured using HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, treated with the anticancer drug Irinotecan under a series of time- and concentration-dependent conditions. The Single-probe mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique was utilized to conduct the experiments. The MSI data were analyzed using advanced data analysis methods to efficiently extract metabolomic information. Multivariate curve resolution alternating least square (MCR-ALS) was used to decompose each MS image into different components with grouped species. To improve the efficiency of data analysis, both supervised (Random Forest) and unsupervised (cluster large applications (CLARA)) machine learning (ML) methods were employed to cluster MS images according to their metabolomic features. Our results indicate that anticancer drug significantly affected the abundances of a variety of metabolites in different regions of spheroids. This integrated experiment and data analysis approach can facilitate the studies of metabolites in different types of 3D tumor models and tissues and potentially benefit the drug discovery, therapeutic resistance, and other biological research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Genwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zhu Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zhibo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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Choline kinase inhibitors EB-3D and EB-3P interferes with lipid homeostasis in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5109. [PMID: 30911014 PMCID: PMC6433853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A full understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of choline kinase α (ChoKα) inhibitors at the cell level is essential for developing therapeutic and preventive approaches for cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the ChoKα inhibitors EB-3D and EB-3P on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. We used [methyl-14C]choline, [1,2-14C]acetic acid and [2-3H]glycerol as exogenous precursors of the corresponding phospholipids and neutral lipids. [Methyl-14C]choline was also used to determine choline uptake. Protein levels were determined by Western blot. Ultrastructural alterations were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. In this work, we demonstrate that EB-3D and EB-3P interfere with phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis via both CDP-choline pathway and choline uptake by the cell. Moreover, the synthesis of both diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols was affected by cell exposure to both inhibitors. These effects were accompanied by a substantial decrease in cholesterol biosynthesis, as well as alterations in the expression of proteins related to cholesterol homeostasis. We also found that EB-3D and EB-3P lowered ChoKα protein levels. All these effects could be explained by the modulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway. We show that both inhibitors cause mitochondrial alteration and an endoplasmic reticulum stress response. EB-3D and EB-3P exert effects on ChoKα expression, AMPK activation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism. Taken together, results show that EB-3D and EB-3P have potential anti-cancer activity through the deregulation of lipid metabolism.
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Amara CS, Vantaku V, Lotan Y, Putluri N. Recent advances in the metabolomic study of bladder cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:315-324. [PMID: 30773067 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1583105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomics is a chemical process, involving the characterization of metabolites and cellular metabolism. Recent studies indicate that numerous metabolic pathways are altered in bladder cancer (BLCA), providing potential targets for improved detection and possible therapeutic intervention. We review recent advances in metabolomics related to BLCA and identify various metabolites that may serve as potential biomarkers for BLCA. Areas covered: In this review, we describe the latest advances in defining the BLCA metabolome and discuss the possible clinical utility of metabolic alterations in BLCA tissues, serum, and urine. In addition, we focus on the metabolic alterations associated with tobacco smoke and racial disparity in BLCA. Expert commentary: Metabolomics is a powerful tool which can shed new light on BLCA development and behavior. Key metabolites may serve as possible markers of BLCA. However, prospective validation will be needed to incorporate these markers into clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhar Amara
- a Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Venkatrao Vantaku
- a Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- b Department of Urology , University of Texas Southwestern , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- a Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,c Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
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Hedtke V, Bakovic M. Choline transport for phospholipid synthesis: An emerging role of choline transporter-like protein 1. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:655-662. [PMID: 30776907 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219830997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This review will provide a summary of recent advances in choline transport research and highlight important novel areas of focus in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Hedtke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Abstract
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) acts as an autocrine growth factor for human lung cancer. Several lines of evidence show that lung cancer cells express all of the proteins required for the uptake of choline (choline transporter 1, choline transporter-like proteins) synthesis of ACh (choline acetyltransferase, carnitine acetyltransferase), transport of ACh (vesicular acetylcholine transport, OCTs, OCTNs) and degradation of ACh (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase). The released ACh binds back to nicotinic (nAChRs) and muscarinic receptors on lung cancer cells to accelerate their proliferation, migration and invasion. Out of all components of the cholinergic pathway, the nAChR-signaling has been studied the most intensely. The reason for this trend is due to genome-wide data studies showing that nicotinic receptor subtypes are involved in lung cancer risk, the relationship between cigarette smoke and lung cancer risk as well as the rising popularity of electronic cigarettes considered by many as a "safe" alternative to smoking. There are a small number of articles which review the contribution of the other cholinergic proteins in the pathophysiology of lung cancer. The primary objective of this review article is to discuss the function of the acetylcholine-signaling proteins in the progression of lung cancer. The investigation of the role of cholinergic network in lung cancer will pave the way to novel molecular targets and drugs in this lethal malignancy.
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Nagashima F, Nishiyama R, Iwao B, Kawai Y, Ishii C, Yamanaka T, Uchino H, Inazu M. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Choline Transporter-Like Proteins in Esophageal Cancer Cells and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:399-408. [PMID: 29223141 PMCID: PMC6029686 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the molecular and functional characterization of choline uptake in the human esophageal cancer cells. In addition, we examined the influence of various drugs on the transport of [3H]choline, and explored the possible correlation between the inhibition of choline uptake and apoptotic cell death. We found that both choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 mRNAs and proteins were highly expressed in esophageal cancer cell lines (KYSE series). CTL1 and CTL2 were located in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, respectively. Choline uptake was saturable and mediated by a single transport system, which is both Na+-independent and pH-dependent. Choline uptake and cell viability were inhibited by various cationic drugs. Furthermore, a correlation analysis of the potencies of 47 drugs for the inhibition of choline uptake and cell viability showed a strong correlation. Choline uptake inhibitors and choline deficiency each inhibited cell viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity. We conclude that extracellular choline is mainly transported via a CTL1. The functional inhibition of CTL1 by cationic drugs could promote apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, CTL2 may be involved in choline uptake in mitochondria, which is the rate-limiting step in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis and DNA methylation. Identification of this CTL1- and CTL2-mediated choline transport system provides a potential new target for esophageal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Nagashima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Ryohta Nishiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Beniko Iwao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yuiko Kawai
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Chikanao Ishii
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masato Inazu
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.,Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Integrated analysis of gene expression signatures associated with colon cancer from three datasets. Gene 2018; 654:95-102. [PMID: 29408621 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of colon cancer and identify genes associated with tumor development. METHODS Three datasets, two (GSE74602 and GSE44861) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and RNA-Seq colon cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas data portal, were downloaded. These three datasets were grouped using a meta-analysis approach, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between colon tumor samples and adjacent normal samples. Functional enrichment analysis and regulatory factor predication were performed for significant genes. Additionally, small-molecule drugs associated with colon cancer were predicted, and a prognostic risk model was constructed. RESULTS There were 251 overlapping DEGs (135 up- and 116 downregulated) between cancer samples and control samples in the three datasets. The DEGs were mainly involved in protein transport and apoptotic and neurotrophin signaling pathways. A total of 70 small-molecule drugs were predicated to be associated with colon cancer. Additionally, in the miRNA-target regulatory network, we found that SLC44A1 can be targeted by hsa-miR-183, hsa-miR-206, and hsa-miR-147, while KLF13 can be regulated by hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-206, and hsa-miR-153. Moreover, the results of the prognostic risk model showed that four genes (VAMP1, P2RX5, CACNB1, and CRY2) could divide the samples into high and low risk groups. CONCLUSION SLC44A1 and KLF13 may be involved in tumorigenesis and the metastasis of colon cancer by miRNA regulation. In addition, a four-gene (VAMP1, P2RX5, CACNB1, and CRY2) expression signature may have prognostic and predictive value in colon cancer.
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Reprogrammed lipid metabolism in bladder cancer with cisplatin resistance. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13231-13243. [PMID: 29568353 PMCID: PMC5862574 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its tendency to recur and acquire chemoresistance quickly, bladder cancer (BC) remains to be an elusive and difficult disease. Patients with recurrent and chemoresistant BC have an extremely poor prognosis. One possible approach that may provide insightful and valuable information regarding resistance mechanisms is looking into the lipid metabolism of BC cells. Metabolism of lipids is essential for cancer cells and is associated with the regulation of a variety of key cellular processes and functions. This study conducted a comparative lipidomic profiling of two isogenic human T24 bladder cancer cell lines, one of which is clinically characterized as cisplatin-sensitive (T24S) and the other as cisplatin-resistant (T24R). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that expression of cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is positively correlated with aggressive BC. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis profiled a total of 1,864 lipids and levels of differentially expressed lipids suspected of being associated with cisplatin resistance were determined. In addition, we found that ACSS2 inhibition greatly perturbed levels of metabolites, including CE(18:1), CE(22:6), TG(49:1), and TG(53:2). This study broadens our current knowledge on the links between cisplatin resistance and lipid metabolism in aggressive BC and suggests potential biomarkers for identifying higher-risk patients.
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Paul A, Krelin Y, Arif T, Jeger R, Shoshan-Barmatz V. A New Role for the Mitochondrial Pro-apoptotic Protein SMAC/Diablo in Phospholipid Synthesis Associated with Tumorigenesis. Mol Ther 2017; 26:680-694. [PMID: 29396267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial pro-apoptotic protein SMAC/Diablo participates in apoptosis by negatively regulating IAPs and activating caspases, thus encouraging apoptosis. Unexpectedly, we found that SMAC/Diablo is overexpressed in cancer. This paradox was addressed here by silencing SMAC/Diablo expression using specific siRNA (si-hSMAC). In cancer cell lines and subcutaneous lung cancer xenografts in mice, such silencing reduced cell and tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the si-hSMAC-treated residual tumor demonstrated morphological changes, including cell differentiation and reorganization into glandular/alveoli-like structures and elimination of lamellar bodies, surfactant-producing organs. Next-generation sequencing of non-targeted or si-hSMAC-treated tumors revealed altered expression of genes associated with the cellular membrane and extracellular matrix, of genes found in the ER and Golgi lumen and in exosomal networks, of genes involved in lipid metabolism, and of lipid, metabolite, and ion transporters. SMAC/Diablo silencing decreased the levels of phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine. These findings suggest that SMAC/Diablo possesses additional non-apoptotic functions related to regulating lipid synthesis essential for cancer growth and development and that this may explain SMAC/Diablo overexpression in cancer. The new lipid synthesis-related function of the pro-apoptotic protein SMAC/Diablo in cancer cells makes SMAC/Diablo a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Paul
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Rina Jeger
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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Abstract
As the field of PET has expanded and an ever-increasing number and variety of compounds have been radiolabeled as potential in vivo tracers of biochemistry, transporters have become important primary targets or facilitators of radiotracer uptake and distribution. A transporter can be the primary target through the development of a specific high-affinity radioligand: examples are the multiple high-affinity radioligands for the neuronal membrane neurotransmitter or vesicular transporters, used to image nerve terminals in the brain. The goal of a radiotracer might be to study the function of a transporter through the use of a radiolabeled substrate, such as the application of 3-O-[11C]methyl]glucose to measure rates of glucose transport through the blood-brain barrier. In many cases, transporters are required for radiotracer distributions, but the targeted biochemistries might be unrelated: an example is the use of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]FDG for imaging glucose metabolism, where initial passage of the radiotracer through cell membranes requires the action of specific glucose transporters. Finally, there are transporters such as p-glycoprotein that function to extrude small molecules from tissues, and can effectively work against successful uptake of radiotracers. The diversity of structures and functions of transporters, their importance in human health and disease, and their role in therapeutic drug disposition suggest that in vivo imaging of transporter location and function will continue to be a point of emphasis in PET radiopharmaceutical development. In this review, the variety of transporters and their importance for in vivo PET radiotracer development and application are discussed. Transporters have thus joined the other major protein targets such as G-protein coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, enzymes, and aggregated proteins as of high interest for understanding human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Kilbourn
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
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Seki M, Kawai Y, Ishii C, Yamanaka T, Odawara M, Inazu M. Functional analysis of choline transporters in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 27:995-1003. [PMID: 28121199 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2017.1280118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined the functional characteristics of choline uptake and sought to identify the transporters in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). METHODS The expression of choline transporters was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. Time course, Na+-dependency, and kinetics of [3H]choline uptake were investigated. Effects of cationic drugs on the uptake of [3H]choline, cell viability, and caspase-3/7 activity were also examined. Finally, we investigated the influence of choline uptake inhibitor, hemicholinium-3 (HC-3), and choline deficiency on cell viability and caspase-3/7 activity. RESULTS Choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in RASFs and were localized to the plasma membrane. [3H]Choline uptake occurred via a Na+-independent and pH-dependent transport system. The cells have two different [3H]choline transport systems, high- and low-affinity. Various organic cations, HC-3 and choline deficiency inhibited both [3H]choline uptake and cell viability, and enhanced the caspase-3/7 activity. The functional inhibition of choline transporters could promote apoptotic cell death. In RASFs, [3H]choline uptake was significantly increased compared with that in OASFs without a change in gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CTL1 (high-affinity) and CTL2 (low-affinity) are highly expressed in RASFs and choline may be transported by a choline/H+ antiport system. Identification of this CTL1- and CTL2-mediated choline transport system should provide a potential new target for RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Seki
- a Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Collagen Diseases , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuiko Kawai
- b Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Chikanao Ishii
- b Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- c Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masato Odawara
- a Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Collagen Diseases , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masato Inazu
- b Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan.,c Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
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Kraner ME, Link K, Melzer M, Ekici AB, Uebe S, Tarazona P, Feussner I, Hofmann J, Sonnewald U. Choline transporter-like1 (CHER1) is crucial for plasmodesmata maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:394-406. [PMID: 27743414 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) are microscopic pores connecting plant cells and enable cell-to-cell transport. Currently, little information is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating PD formation and development. To uncover components of PD development we made use of the 17 kDa movement protein (MP17) encoded by the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). The protein is required for cell-to-cell movement of the virus and localises to complex PD. Forward genetic screening for Arabidopsis mutants with altered PD binding of MP17 revealed several mutant lines, while molecular genetics, biochemical and microscopic studies allowed further characterisation. Map-based cloning of one mutant revealed a point mutation in the choline transporter-like 1 (CHER1) protein, changing glycine247 into glutamate. Mutation in CHER1 resulted in a starch excess phenotype and stunted growth. Ultrastructure analysis of shoot apical meristems, developing and fully developed leaves showed reduced PD numbers and the absence of complex PD in fully developed leaves. This indicates that cher1 mutants are impaired in PD formation and development. Global lipid profiling revealed only slight modifications in the overall lipid composition, however, altered composition of PD-associated lipids cannot be ruled out. Thus, cher1 is devoid of complex PD in developed leaves and provides insights into the formation of complex PD at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max E Kraner
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Link
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466, Seeland, Gatersleben, OT, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pablo Tarazona
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Cheng M, Bhujwalla ZM, Glunde K. Targeting Phospholipid Metabolism in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:266. [PMID: 28083512 PMCID: PMC5187387 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All cancers tested so far display abnormal choline and ethanolamine phospholipid metabolism, which has been detected with numerous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) approaches in cells, animal models of cancer, as well as the tumors of cancer patients. Since the discovery of this metabolic hallmark of cancer, many studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular origins of deregulated choline metabolism, to identify targets for cancer treatment, and to develop MRS approaches that detect choline and ethanolamine compounds for clinical use in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Several enzymes in choline, and recently also ethanolamine, phospholipid metabolism have been identified, and their evaluation has shown that they are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Several already established enzymes as well as a number of emerging enzymes in phospholipid metabolism can be used as treatment targets for anticancer therapy, either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the current knowledge of established and relatively novel targets in phospholipid metabolism of cancer, covering choline kinase α, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D1, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, sphingomyelinases, choline transporters, glycerophosphodiesterases, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and ethanolamine kinase. These enzymes are discussed in terms of their roles in oncogenic transformation, tumor progression, and crucial cancer cell properties such as fast proliferation, migration, and invasion. Their potential as treatment targets are evaluated based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Cheng
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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