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Payne-Sturges DC, Taiwo TK, Ellickson K, Mullen H, Tchangalova N, Anderko L, Chen A, Swanson M. Disparities in Toxic Chemical Exposures and Associated Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Scoping Review and Systematic Evidence Map of the Epidemiological Literature. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:96001. [PMID: 37754677 PMCID: PMC10525348 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are routinely exposed to chemicals known or suspected of harming brain development. Targeting Environmental Neuro-Development Risks (Project TENDR), an alliance of > 50 leading scientists, health professionals, and advocates, is working to protect children from these toxic chemicals and pollutants, especially the disproportionate exposures experienced by children from families with low incomes and families of color. OBJECTIVE This scoping review was initiated to map existing literature on disparities in neurodevelopmental outcomes for U.S. children from population groups who have been historically economically/socially marginalized and exposed to seven exemplar neurotoxicants: combustion-related air pollution (AP), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), organophosphate pesticides (OPs), phthalates (Phth), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). METHODS Systematic literature searches for the seven exemplar chemicals, informed by the Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome (PECO) framework, were conducted through 18 November 2022, using PubMed, CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), GreenFILE (EBSCO), and Web of Science sources. We examined these studies regarding authors' conceptualization and operationalization of race, ethnicity, and other indicators of sociodemographic and socioeconomic disadvantage; whether studies presented data on exposure and outcome disparities and the patterns of those disparities; and the evidence of effect modification by or interaction with race and ethnicity. RESULTS Two hundred twelve individual studies met the search criteria and were reviewed, resulting in 218 studies or investigations being included in this review. AP and Pb were the most commonly studied exposures. The most frequently identified neurodevelopmental outcomes were cognitive and behavioral/psychological. Approximately a third (74 studies) reported investigations of interactions or effect modification with 69% (51 of 74 studies) reporting the presence of interactions or effect modification. However, less than half of the studies presented data on disparities in the outcome or the exposure, and fewer conducted formal tests of heterogeneity. Ninety-two percent of the 165 articles that examined race and ethnicity did not provide an explanation of their constructs for these variables, creating an incomplete picture. DISCUSSION As a whole, the studies we reviewed indicated a complex story about how racial and ethnic minority and low-income children may be disproportionately harmed by exposures to neurotoxicants, and this has implications for targeting interventions, policy change, and other necessary investments to eliminate these health disparities. We provide recommendations on improving environmental epidemiological studies on environmental health disparities. To achieve environmental justice and health equity, we recommend concomitant strategies to eradicate both neurotoxic chemical exposures and systems that perpetuate social inequities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11750.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristie Ellickson
- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley Mullen
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Laura Anderko
- M. Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lin S, Wang C, Li Z, Qiu X. Distinct H3K27me3 and H3K27ac Modifications in Neural Tube Defects Induced by Benzo[a]pyrene. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020334. [PMID: 36831877 PMCID: PMC9954656 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathological mechanisms of neural tube defects (NTDs) are not yet fully understood. Although the dysregulation of histone modification in NTDs is recognized, it remains to be fully elucidated on a genome-wide level. We profiled genome-wide H3K27me3 and H3K27ac occupancy by CUT&Tag in neural tissues from ICR mouse embryos with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced NTDs (250 mg kg-1) at E9.5. Furthermore, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the regulation of histone modifications on gene expressions. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis were conducted to predict pathways involved in the development of NTDs. Our analysis of histone 3 lysine 27 modification in BaP-NTD neural tissues compared to BaP-nonNTD revealed 6045 differentially trimethylated regions and 3104 acetylated regions throughout the genome, respectively. The functional analysis identified a number of pathways uniquely enriched for BaP-NTD embryos, including known neurodevelopment related pathways such as anterior/posterior pattern specification, ephrin receptor signaling pathway, neuron migration and neuron differentiation. RNA-seq identified 423 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BaP-NTD and BaP-nonNTD group. The combination analysis of CUT&Tag and RNA-seq found that 55 DEGs were modified by H3K27me3 and 25 by H3K27ac in BaP-NTD, respectively. In the transcriptional regulatory network, transcriptional factors including Srsf1, Ume6, Zbtb7b, and Cad were predicated to be involved in gene expression regulation. In conclusion, our results provide an overview of histone modifications during neural tube closure and demonstrate a key role of genome-wide alterations in H3K27me3 and H3K27ac in NTDs corresponding with changes in transcription profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lin
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Chengrui Wang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission of the China, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); or (X.Q.); Tel.: +86-010-82801760 (Z.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-020-38367160 (X.Q.)
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Department of Women’s Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Woman and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Disease and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); or (X.Q.); Tel.: +86-010-82801760 (Z.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-020-38367160 (X.Q.)
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Siegel MR, Rocheleau CM, Hollerbach BS, Omari A, Jahnke SA, Almli LM, Olshan AF. Birth defects associated with paternal firefighting in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Am J Ind Med 2023; 66:30-40. [PMID: 36345775 PMCID: PMC9969860 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated birth defects among children of firefighters. We investigated associations between birth defects and paternal work as a firefighter compared to work in non-firefighting and police officer occupations. METHODS We analyzed 1997-2011 data from the multi-site case-control National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Cases included fetuses or infants with major structural birth defects and controls included a random sample of live-born infants without major birth defects. Mothers of infants self-reported information about parents' occupations held during pregnancy. We investigated associations between paternal firefighting and birth defect groups using logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Referent groups included families reporting fathers working non-firefighting and police officer jobs. RESULTS Occupational groups included 227 firefighters, 36,285 non-firefighters, and 433 police officers. Twenty-nine birth defects were analyzed. In adjusted analyses, fathers of children with total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR; OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.1-8.7), cleft palate (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0-3.3), cleft lip (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2-4.2), and transverse limb deficiency (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1-4.7) were more likely than fathers of controls to be firefighters, versus non-firefighters. In police-referent analyses, fathers of children with cleft palate were 2.4 times more likely to be firefighters than fathers of controls (95% CI = 1.1-5.4). CONCLUSIONS Paternal firefighting may be associated with an elevated risk of birth defects in offspring. Additional studies are warranted to replicate these findings. Further research may contribute to a greater understanding of the reproductive health of firefighters and their families for guiding workplace practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam R. Siegel
- Division of Field Studies and EngineeringNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Carissa M. Rocheleau
- Division of Field Studies and EngineeringNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | | | - Amel Omari
- Division of Field Studies and EngineeringNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Sara A. Jahnke
- Center for Fire, Rescue, and EMS Health ResearchNDRI‐USA, IncLeawoodKansasUSA
| | - Lynn M. Almli
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant DisordersNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDCAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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Isaković J, Šimunić I, Jagečić D, Hribljan V, Mitrečić D. Overview of Neural Tube Defects: Gene–Environment Interactions, Preventative Approaches and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050965. [PMID: 35625701 PMCID: PMC9138472 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common congenital malformations of humans, characterized by impaired development of the central nervous system. Even though the etiology of most birth defects remains undetermined, genetic and environmental risk factors in the background of NTDs have been identified and extensively reported. On top of genetic and nutritional risks which include mutations in both coding and non-coding regions and maternal folate status, respectively, recent years have seen a rise in the identification of a variety of teratogens that could be implicated in NTD development. These include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, pesticides, maternal hyperthermia and antibiotics as well as pain and seizure medication. With an increase in understanding of teratogens leading to NTD formation, preventative and treatment approaches have witnessed great advances throughout the years. While the most common preventative approach includes folic acid food fortification as well as suggested inositol supplementation, treatment and management approaches differ greatly depending on the developmental stage and the site of the lesion and include prenatal surgery, stem cell transplantation and postnatal surgery. Because NTDs still represent a large health and financial burden for the patient and society as a whole, it is crucial to investigate potential risk factors and develop novel approaches in order to fully prevent this category of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Isaković
- Omnion Research International Ltd., Heinzelova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (V.H.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Iva Šimunić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Denis Jagečić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (V.H.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Valentina Hribljan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (V.H.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (V.H.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Cerritelli F, Frasch MG, Antonelli MC, Viglione C, Vecchi S, Chiera M, Manzotti A. A Review on the Vagus Nerve and Autonomic Nervous System During Fetal Development: Searching for Critical Windows. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:721605. [PMID: 34616274 PMCID: PMC8488382 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.721605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is one of the main biological systems that regulates the body's physiology. Autonomic nervous system regulatory capacity begins before birth as the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity contributes significantly to the fetus' development. In particular, several studies have shown how vagus nerve is involved in many vital processes during fetal, perinatal, and postnatal life: from the regulation of inflammation through the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway, which may affect the functioning of each organ, to the production of hormones involved in bioenergetic metabolism. In addition, the vagus nerve has been recognized as the primary afferent pathway capable of transmitting information to the brain from every organ of the body. Therefore, this hypothesis paper aims to review the development of ANS during fetal and perinatal life, focusing particularly on the vagus nerve, to identify possible "critical windows" that could impact its maturation. These "critical windows" could help clinicians know when to monitor fetuses to effectively assess the developmental status of both ANS and specifically the vagus nerve. In addition, this paper will focus on which factors-i.e., fetal characteristics and behaviors, maternal lifestyle and pathologies, placental health and dysfunction, labor, incubator conditions, and drug exposure-may have an impact on the development of the vagus during the above-mentioned "critical window" and how. This analysis could help clinicians and stakeholders define precise guidelines for improving the management of fetuses and newborns, particularly to reduce the potential adverse environmental impacts on ANS development that may lead to persistent long-term consequences. Since the development of ANS and the vagus influence have been shown to be reflected in cardiac variability, this paper will rely in particular on studies using fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) to monitor the continued growth and health of both animal and human fetuses. In fact, fHRV is a non-invasive marker whose changes have been associated with ANS development, vagal modulation, systemic and neurological inflammatory reactions, and even fetal distress during labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cerritelli
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Martin G. Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marta C. Antonelli
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis”, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Viglione
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Stefano Vecchi
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Chiera
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Andrea Manzotti
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, “V. Buzzi” Children's Hospital, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Research Department, Istituto Osteopatia Milano, Milan, Italy
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Finnell RH, Caiaffa CD, Kim SE, Lei Y, Steele J, Cao X, Tukeman G, Lin YL, Cabrera RM, Wlodarczyk BJ. Gene Environment Interactions in the Etiology of Neural Tube Defects. Front Genet 2021; 12:659612. [PMID: 34040637 PMCID: PMC8143787 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.659612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human structural congenital malformations are the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States. Estimates from the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) determine that close to 3% of all United States newborns present with birth defects; the worldwide estimate approaches 6% of infants presenting with congenital anomalies. The scientific community has recognized for decades that the majority of birth defects have undetermined etiologies, although we propose that environmental agents interacting with inherited susceptibility genes are the major contributing factors. Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most prevalent human birth defects and as such, these malformations will be the primary focus of this review. NTDs result from failures in embryonic central nervous system development and are classified by their anatomical locations. Defects in the posterior portion of the neural tube are referred to as meningomyeloceles (spina bifida), while the more anterior defects are differentiated as anencephaly, encephalocele, or iniencephaly. Craniorachischisis involves a failure of the neural folds to elevate and thus disrupt the entire length of the neural tube. Worldwide NTDs have a prevalence of approximately 18.6 per 10,000 live births. It is widely believed that genetic factors are responsible for some 70% of NTDs, while the intrauterine environment tips the balance toward neurulation failure in at risk individuals. Despite aggressive educational campaigns to inform the public about folic acid supplementation and the benefits of providing mandatory folic acid food fortification in the United States, NTDs still affect up to 2,300 United States births annually and some 166,000 spina bifida patients currently live in the United States, more than half of whom are now adults. Within the context of this review, we will consider the role of maternal nutritional status (deficiency states involving B vitamins and one carbon analytes) and the potential modifiers of NTD risk beyond folic acid. There are several well-established human teratogens that contribute to the population burden of NTDs, including: industrial waste and pollutants [e.g., arsenic, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)], pharmaceuticals (e.g., anti-epileptic medications), and maternal hyperthermia during the first trimester. Animal models for these teratogens are described with attention focused on valproic acid (VPA; Depakote). Genetic interrogation of model systems involving VPA will be used as a model approach to discerning susceptibility factors that define the gene-environment interactions contributing to the etiology of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H. Finnell
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carlo Donato Caiaffa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Yunping Lei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John Steele
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gabriel Tukeman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ying Linda Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert M. Cabrera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bogdan J. Wlodarczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Jiang YT, Gong TT, Zhang JY, Huang YH, Li J, Liu S, Chen YL, Li LL, Jiang CZ, Chen ZJ, Zhao YH, Wu QJ. Maternal exposure to ambient SO 2 and risk of polydactyly and syndactyly: a population-based case-control study in Liaoning Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11289-11301. [PMID: 33118065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Evidence links exposure to maternal sulfur dioxide (SO2) and the risk of limb defects have been inconsistent. To investigate associations between SO2 exposure during preconception and the first trimester and risks of polydactyly and syndactyly. The study population was acquired from the Maternal and Child Health Certificate Registry of Liaoning Province between 2010 to 2015, and consisted of 2605 polydactyly, 595 syndactyly cases, and 7950 controls. Ambient air pollutants levels were retrieved from air quality monitoring stations. We used multivariable logistic regression model to assess the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We found that exposure to increased SO2 concentrations was associated with polydactyly during both the 3 months preconception (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 3.76; 95% CI 2.61, 5.42; per 10 μg/m3 increment: OR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.10) and the first trimester (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 2.03; 95% CI 1.41, 2.92; per 10 μg/m3 increment: OR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.03, 1.11). However, we only observed increased risk for syndactyly in the analysis of high vs. low quartiles (three months preconception: ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 3.72; 95% CI 2.05, 6.75; first trimester: ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.98; 95% CI 1.11, 3.51). Most results of analyses based on single-month exposure window generally showed similar positive associations. Additionally, these findings were broadly consistent across subgroups and sensitivity analyses. Maternal SO2 exposure increase the risk of polydactyly and syndactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Science and Education, Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring, Liaoning Eco-environmental Monitoring Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Liaoning Women and Children's Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Department of Children's Health Prevention, Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zong-Jiao Chen
- Department of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring, Liaoning Eco-environmental Monitoring Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Endalifer ML, Diress G. Epidemiology and determinant factors of neural tube defect: Narrative review. Surg Neurol Int 2020; 11:81. [PMID: 32363075 PMCID: PMC7193254 DOI: 10.25259/sni_84_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemiology of neural tube defect (NTD) is face ignorance from the global community. However, the problem is complex and it is a cause for child mortality and morbidity. We provide the latest insights with respect to determinant factors of NTD. Methods Google Scholar and PubMed were systematically searched to identify potential research articles concerning the epidemiology and its determinant factors of NTD. Results The epidemiology of Neural tube defects increased in some countries. The epidemiology and determinant factors were varies across countries,geographical regions and socioeconomic status of the populations. In general, the determinant factors of NTD were summarized as behavioral, nutrition-related, environmental, medical illness, and health service-related factors. Conclusion Birth defect is fatal which affects the new generation; specifically, NTD is the problem of middle- and low-income countries. It is a direct cause for neonatal and perinatal mortality rate globally. Even if little factors identified, yet conducting experimental and clinical trial researches are a better approach to slow down the progress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gedefaw Diress
- Public Health, Woldia University, Woldia, Amhara, Ethiopia
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Santiago-Colón A, Rocheleau CM, Chen IC, Sanderson W, Waters MA, Lawson CC, Langlois PH, Cragan JD, Reefhuis J. Association between maternal occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and rare birth defects of the face and central nervous system. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:404-417. [PMID: 31944002 PMCID: PMC8641638 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested associations between maternal smoking, a source of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other chemicals, and central nervous system and face birth defects; however, no previous studies have evaluated maternal occupational PAH exposure itself. METHODS Jobs held in the periconceptional period were retrospectively assigned for occupational PAH exposures. Associations between maternal occupational PAH exposure and selected rare defects of the face (cataracts, microphthalmia, glaucoma, microtia, and choanal atresia) and central nervous system (holoprosencephaly, hydrocephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, and Dandy-Walker malformation) were evaluated using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based case-control study in the United States. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate associations between each evaluated defect and PAH exposure using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Food and beverage serving, as well as cooks and food preparation occupations, were among the most frequent jobs held by exposed mothers. Cataracts, microtia, microphthalmia, and holoprosencephaly were significantly associated with PAH exposure with evidence of dose-response (P-values for trend ≤.05). Hydrocephaly was associated with any PAH exposure, but not significant for trend. Sensitivity analyses that reduced possible sources of exposure misclassification tended to strengthen associations. CONCLUSIONS This is the first population-based case-control study to evaluate associations between maternal occupational PAH exposures and these rare birth defects of the central nervous system and face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albeliz Santiago-Colón
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Carissa M Rocheleau
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - I-Chen Chen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wayne Sanderson
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Martha A Waters
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christina C Lawson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter H Langlois
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas
| | - Janet D Cragan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennita Reefhuis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, Georgia
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10
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Wirnkor VA, Ngozi VE, Ajero CM, Charity LK, Ngozi OS, Ebere EC, Emeka AC. Biomonitoring of concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in blood and urine of children at playgrounds within Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2019; 34:e2019011-0. [PMID: 32008304 PMCID: PMC7029705 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.e2019011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure is among the leading air pollutants associated with diverse adverse health effects due to their persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic characteristics. Children are most affected by these pollutants, yet studies directly related children to these pollutants are scarce in Nigeria. In this study, blood and urine from 36 children between the ages 4-14 years were collected as per sterile procedures by a licensed phlebotomist from the antecubital fossa into BD vacutainer tubes® while a mid-stream urine sample into acid-washed 120 mL BD vacutainer urine cups and stored in refrigerator at -4˚C for 6 hours, then each 5 mL was extracted with 10 mL of pentane and analyzed for 15 PAHs using GC-MS. Results revealed that PAHs concentrations (53.48 to 70.8 μg/dL) in blood was lower than in urine (94.98 to 115.04 μg/dL). Mean values had no significant (p>0.5) differences between schools, possibly due to the fact that all schools were experiencing similar anthropogenic disturbances. At 5% level of significance, positive and strong correlationships (r=0.83, r=0.73) were observed for fluorene-fluoranthene (FLa) and benzo (a) anthracene-FLa respectively in blood samples. Two and three rings PAHs had generally low concentrations in both blood and urine. Despite being the most distributed compound, the concentration of dibenzo (a,h) anthracene was highest for urine than in blood. Urine PAHs showed higher concentration of carcinogenic PAHs than blood. Elimination ratios (ER) such as for acenaphthene (0.06) and anthracene (Ant; 0.11) were considered low while values such as for FLa (1.36) and indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] pyrene (1.55) were considered high ER. Trends in elimination ratios showed close similarity. In conclusion there was elevated PAHs in blood and urine of children with consequent high carcinogenic and then non-carcinogenic risks. This research is significant in setting the stage for more detailed work at same time alerting policy makers on the need for urgent mitigation steps that will reduce children exposure to this class of dangerous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verla Andrew Wirnkor
- Group Research in Analytical Chemistry, Environment and Climate Change (GRACE & CC), Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, PMB 2000 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Verla Evelyn Ngozi
- Department of Environmental Technology, School of Environmental Technology Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria
| | - Chigbo Medo Ajero
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Enyoh Christian Ebere
- Group Research in Analytical Chemistry, Environment and Climate Change (GRACE & CC), Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, PMB 2000 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Amaobi Collins Emeka
- Group Research in Analytical Chemistry, Environment and Climate Change (GRACE & CC), Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, PMB 2000 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
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11
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Choi G, Stingone JA, Desrosiers TA, Olshan AF, Nembhard WN, Shaw GM, Pruitt S, Romitti PA, Yazdy MM, Browne ML, Langlois PH, Botto L, Luben TJ. Maternal exposure to outdoor air pollution and congenital limb deficiencies in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108716. [PMID: 31546130 PMCID: PMC6842662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital limb deficiencies (CLDs) are a relatively common group of birth defects whose etiology is mostly unknown. Recent studies suggest maternal air pollution exposure as a potential risk factor. AIM To investigate the relationship between ambient air pollution exposure during early pregnancy and offspring CLDs. METHODS The study population was identified from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based multi-center case-control study, and consisted of 615 CLD cases and 5,701 controls with due dates during 1997 through 2006. Daily averages and/or maxima of six criteria air pollutants (particulate matter <2.5 μm [PM2.5], particulate matter <10 μm [PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], sulfur dioxide [SO2], carbon monoxide [CO], and ozone [O3]) were averaged over gestational weeks 2-8, as well as for individual weeks during this period, using data from EPA air monitors nearest to the maternal address. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, and study center. We estimated aORs for any CLD and CLD subtypes (i.e., transverse, longitudinal, and preaxial). Potential confounding by co-pollutant was assessed by adjusting for one additional air pollutant. Using the single pollutant model, we further investigated effect measure modification by body mass index, cigarette smoking, and folic acid use. Sensitivity analyses were conducted restricting to those with a residence closer to an air monitor. RESULTS We observed near-null aORs for CLDs per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10, PM2.5, and O3. However, weekly averages of the daily average NO2 and SO2, and daily max NO2, SO2, and CO concentrations were associated with increased odds of CLDs. The crude ORs ranged from 1.03 to 1.12 per IQR increase in these air pollution concentrations, and consistently elevated aORs were observed for CO. Stronger associations were observed for SO2 and O3 in subtype analysis (preaxial). In co-pollutant adjusted models, associations with CO remained elevated (aORs: 1.02-1.30); but aORs for SO2 and NO2 became near-null. The aORs for CO remained elevated among mothers who lived within 20 km of an air monitor. The aORs varied by maternal BMI, smoking status, and folic acid use. CONCLUSION We observed modest associations between CLDs and air pollution exposures during pregnancy, including CO, SO2, and NO2, though replication through further epidemiologic research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giehae Choi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tania A Desrosiers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shannon Pruitt
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Mahsa M Yazdy
- Massachusetts Department of Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Peter H Langlois
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lorenzo Botto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Thomas J Luben
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, United States
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12
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Zajda K, Gregoraszczuk EL. Environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixture, in human blood levels, decreased oestradiol secretion by granulosa cells via ESR1 and GPER1 but not ESR2 receptor. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:276-289. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119886027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-dependent oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic activity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been suggested. In this study, the effect of two PAH mixtures, M1 composed of all 16 priority pollutants and M2 composed of five (noted in the highest levels) compounds, on follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expression, basal or FSH-induced oestradiol (E2) secretion and aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) protein expression, by non-luteinised human granulosa cell line (HGrC1) was determined. In addition, the consequences of gene silencing of oestrogen receptor alfa (siESR1), oestrogen receptor beta (siESR2) and a G protein-coupled receptor (siGPER1) on the above parameters were described. Neither PAH mixture had an effect on basal FSHR protein expression; however, both mixtures increased FSH-induced FSHR expression. Decreased E2 secretion and P450arom expression was also demonstrated. In both basal and FSH treated cells, siESR1 and siGPER1 reversed the inhibitory effect of the mixtures on E2 secretion; however, in siESR2 cells, the inhibitory effect was still observed. This study showed that both classic ESR1 and GPER1 were involved in the inhibitory effect of both PAH mixtures on E2 secretion and confirmed that expression of P450arom could be downregulated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and additionally through the ESR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zajda
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
| | - EL Gregoraszczuk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
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13
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Jia X, Yin S, Xu J, Li N, Ren M, Qin Y, Zhou J, Wei Y, Guo Y, Gao M, Yu Y, Wang B, Li Z. An efficient method to simultaneously analyze multi-class organic pollutants in human serum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:400-406. [PMID: 31100571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The degree of population exposure to various organic pollutants (OPs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, can be determined by measuring their concentrations in human serum. However, performing large-scale measurements with such a variety of compounds in serum is challenging in terms of efficiency and cost. We describe herein the development of a high-efficiency extraction and sample cleanup protocol for simultaneous and quantitative analyses of OPs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. OPs, together with crude lipid impurities, were extracted from human serum with a mixture of n-hexane and methyl tert-butyl ether. A disperse sorbent composed of primary secondary amine and C18 (PSA/C18) was used to roughly remove co-extracted impurities. A combined column of neutral silica gel and neutral alumina oxide (AlO/SiG) was then used for deep cleanup. For the removal of impurities, the overall performance of our protocol for the analysis of OPs in serum was comparable to that of traditional gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and dramatically better than that of PSA/C18, which is a frequently used QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) based method. While both the proposed protocol and GPC yielded recoveries of 80%-110% for four classes of OPs, our protocol consumed about 10 times less solvent, resulting in lower experimental expenses and a lower risk of contamination from residual OPs in the solvent and other supplies. In contrast to GPC, our protocol also permits efficient batch processing of serum samples, allowing for large sample sizes such as those encountered in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Jia
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Shengju Yin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Junhui Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yanan Qin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jiansuo Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yunhe Guo
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yanxin Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
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14
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Huang Y, Lin S, Jin L, Wang L, Ren A. Decreased global DNA hydroxymethylation in neural tube defects: Association with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Epigenetics 2019; 14:1019-1029. [PMID: 31179819 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1629233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a distinct epigenetic marker that plays a role in DNA active demethylation, has been reported to be important for embryonic development and may respond to environmental exposure. No studies have evaluated the association between DNA hydroxymethylation and the risk for fetal neural tube defects (NTDs), with consideration of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a risk factor for NTDs. We measured the global levels of 5hmC% in neural tissue from 92 terminated NTD cases and 33 terminated non-malformed fetuses. A lower level of 5hmC% was found in the NTD cases (median [interquartile range]: 0.25 [0.12-0.39]) compared to the controls (0.45 [0.19-1.00]). After adjusting for periconceptional folate supplementation, risk for NTDs increased with decreasing tertiles of 5hmC% (odds ratio: 7.89, 95% confidence interval: 2.32, 26.86, for the lowest tertile relative to the top tertile; pfor trend = 0.002). Linear regression revealed that concentrations of high-molecular-weight PAHs (H_PAHs) in fetal liver tissue were negatively associated with log2-transformed 5hmC%. Superoxide dismutase activity and 5hmC% were positively correlated in fetal neural tissue (rs = 0.64; p < 0.05). A mouse whole-embryo culture model was used for further validation. Decreased levels of 5hmC% and increased levels of reactive oxygen species were found in mouse embryos treated with BaP, a well-studied PAH. Taken together, levels of 5hmC% in fetal neural tissue were inversely associated with the risk for NTDs, and this association may be related to oxidative stress induced by exposure to PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,b Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center , Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou , China
| | - Lei Jin
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Linlin Wang
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
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15
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Maternal Occupational Oil Mist Exposure and Birth Defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997⁻2011. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091560. [PMID: 31060207 PMCID: PMC6539329 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Workers in various industries can be exposed to oil mists when oil-based fluids are aerosolized during work processes. Oil mists can be inhaled or deposited on the skin. Little research exists on the reproductive effects of oil mist exposure in pregnant workers. We aimed to investigate associations between occupational oil mist exposure in early pregnancy and a spectrum of birth defects using data from 22,011 case mothers and 8140 control mothers in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. In total, 150 mothers were rated as exposed. Manufacturing jobs, particularly apparel manufacturing, comprised the largest groups of exposed mothers. Mothers of infants with septal heart defects (odds ratio (OR): 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-3.3), and especially perimembranous ventricular septal defects (OR: 2.5, CI: 1.2-5.2), were more likely to be occupationally exposed to oil mists in early pregnancy than control mothers; and their rater-estimated cumulative exposure was more likely to be higher. This was the first U.S. study evaluating associations between oil mist exposure and a broad spectrum of birth defects. Our results are consistent with previous European studies, supporting a potential association between oil-based exposures and congenital heart defects. Further research is needed to evaluate the reproductive effects of occupational oil mist exposure.
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16
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Li P, Hua R, Li K, Ma S, Wu B, Quan S, Yu Z. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and early miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. HUM FERTIL 2018; 23:17-22. [PMID: 29950120 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2018.1479888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keyang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Quan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Lin S, Ren A, Wang L, Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Greene ND. Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Neural Tube Defects. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:149-158. [PMID: 29309894 PMCID: PMC5821680 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common and severe congenital malformations and result from incomplete closure of the neural tube during early development. Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been suggested to be a risk factor for NTDs and previous studies imply that the mechanism underlying the association between PAH exposure and NTDs may involve oxidative stress and apoptosis. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether there is a direct effect of maternal benzo[α] pyrene (BaP) exposure on the closure of the neural tube in mice, and to examine the underlying mechanisms by combining animal experiments and human subject studies. We found that intraperitoneal injection of BaP from embryonic day 7 at a dose of 250 mg kg-1 induced NTDs (13.3% frequency) in ICR mice. BaP exposure significantly increased expression of genes associated with oxidative stress, Cyp1a1, Sod1 and Sod2, while repressing Gpx1. Elevated apoptosis and higher protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 in the neuroepithelium of treated embryos were observed. Pre-treatment with vitamin E, added to food, significantly protected against BaP-induced NTDs (1.4% frequency) (P < 0.05). Vitamin E also partly normalized oxidative stress related gene expression and excess apoptosis in BaP-treated embryos. Examination of human neural tissues revealed that increased levels of protein carbonyl and apoptosis were related with maternal exposure to PAHs and the risk of NTDs. Collectively, these results suggest that BaP exposure could induce NTDs and that this may involve increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, while vitamin E may have a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas D Greene
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Cathey A, Ferguson KK, McElrath TF, Cantonwine DE, Pace G, Alshawabkeh A, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. Distribution and predictors of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in two pregnancy cohort studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:556-562. [PMID: 28993025 PMCID: PMC5650937 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women and their fetuses represent susceptible populations to environmental contaminants. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among pregnant women may contribute to adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth. Multiple previous studies have assessed airborne sources of PAHs among pregnant women but few have measured urinary PAH metabolites which can capture total exposure through multiple routes. The aim of this study was to bridge this knowledge gap by assessing longitudinal urinary PAH metabolite concentrations over two time points in pregnancy cohorts in Boston (N = 200) and Puerto Rico (N = 50) to better understand exposure distributions throughout pregnancy and how they relate to demographic factors. Urine samples were analyzed for 1-NAP, 2-NAP, 2-FLU, 1-PHE, 2,3-PHE, 4-PHE, 9-PHE, and 1-PYR. Concentrations of 2-NAP, 1-PYR, and 4-PHE were higher in Puerto Rico, while all other metabolites were present in higher concentrations in Boston. In Puerto Rico, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were weak to moderate, ranging from 0.06 to 0.42. PAH metabolite concentrations were significantly higher among younger, heavier (except 1-NAP and 9-PHE), and less educated individuals in Boston only. Consistent significant associations between PAH concentrations and measured covariates were not found in Puerto Rico. Our results suggest that potentially important differences in PAH exposure exist between these two populations. Additionally, our results indicate that multiple urinary measurements are required to accurately assess PAH exposure throughout pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gerry Pace
- NSF International, 789 N Dixboro Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 110 Forsyth St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jose F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia College of Public Health, 101 Buck Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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19
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Effects of human blood levels of two PAH mixtures on the AHR signalling activation pathway and CYP1A1 and COMT target genes in granulosa non-tumor and granulosa tumor cell lines. Toxicology 2017; 389:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Zhang X, Li X, Jing Y, Fang X, Zhang X, Lei B, Yu Y. Transplacental transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in paired samples of maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, and placenta in Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:267-275. [PMID: 28024810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a high-priority public health concern. However, maternal to fetal transplacental transfer of PAHs has not been systematically studied. To investigate the transplacental transfer of PAHs from mother to fetus and determine the influence of lipophilicity (octanol-water partition coefficient, KOW) on transfer process, in the present study, we measured the concentrations of 15 PAHs in 95 paired maternal and umbilical cord serum, and placenta samples (in total 285 samples) collected in Shanghai, China. The average concentration of total PAHs was the highest in maternal serums (1290 ng g-1 lipid), followed by umbilical cord serums (1150 ng g-1 lipid). The value was the lowest in placenta samples (673 ng g-1 lipid). Low molecular weight PAHs were the predominant compounds in the three matrices. Increases in fish and meat consumption did not lead to increases in maternal PAH levels, and no obvious gender differences in umbilical cord serums were observed. The widespread presence of PAHs in umbilical cord serums indicated the occurrence of transplacental transfer. The ratios of PAH concentrations in umbilical cord serum to those in maternal serum (F/M) and the concentrations in placenta to those in maternal serum (P/M) of paired samples were analyzed to characterize the transfer process of individual PAHs. Most F/M ratios on lipid basis were close to one (range: 0.79 to 1.36), which suggested that passive diffusion may control the transplacental transfer of PAHs from maternal serum to the fetal circulation. The P/M and F/M values calculated on lipid basis showed that PAHs with lower KOW were more likely to transfer from mother to fetus via the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Ye Jing
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Shanghai Huangpu Maternity & Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, 200020, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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21
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Thai PK, Heffernan AL, Toms LML, Li Z, Calafat AM, Hobson P, Broomhall S, Mueller JF. Monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an Australian population using pooled urine samples. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 88:30-35. [PMID: 26700419 PMCID: PMC6936263 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Integrated exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be assessed through monitoring of urinary mono-hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs). The aim of this study was to provide the first assessment of exposure to PAHs in a large sample of the population in Queensland, Australia including exposure to infant (0-4years). De-identified urine specimens, obtained from a pathology laboratory, were stratified by age and sex, and pooled (n=24 pools of 100) and OH-PAHs were measured by gas chromatography-isotope dilution-tandem mass spectrometry. Geometric mean (GM) concentrations ranged from 30ng/L (4-hydroxyphenanthrene) to 9221ng/L (1-naphthol). GM of 1-hydroxypyrene, the most commonly used PAH exposure biomarker, was 142ng/L. The concentrations of OH-PAHs found in this study are consistent with those in developed countries and lower than those in developing countries. We observed no association between sex and OH-PAH concentrations. However, we observed lower urinary concentrations of all OH-PAHs in samples from infants (0-4years), children (5-14years) and the elderly (>60year old) compared with samples from other age groups (15-29, 30-44 and 45-59years) which may be attributed to age-dependent behaviour-specific exposure sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong K Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Amy L Heffernan
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leisa-Maree L Toms
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zheng Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Peter Hobson
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Taringa, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jochen F Mueller
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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22
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O’Brien JL, Langlois PH, Lawson CC, Scheuerle A, Rocheleau CM, Waters MA, Symanski E, Romitti PA, Agopian A, Lupo PJ. Maternal occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and craniosynostosis among offspring in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2016; 106:55-60. [PMID: 26033890 PMCID: PMC4668225 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence in animal models and humans suggests that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may lead to birth defects. To our knowledge, this relationship has not been evaluated for craniosynostosis, a birth defect characterized by the premature closure of sutures in the skull. We conducted a case-control study to examine associations between maternal occupational exposure to PAHs and craniosynostosis. METHODS We used data from craniosynostosis cases and control infants in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) with estimated delivery dates from 1997 to 2002. Industrial hygienists reviewed occupational data from the computer-assisted telephone interview and assigned a yes/no rating of probable occupational PAH exposure for each job from 1 month before conception through delivery. We used logistic regression to assess the association between occupational exposure to PAHs and craniosynostosis. RESULTS The prevalence of exposure was 5.3% in case mothers (16/300) and 3.7% in control mothers (107/2,886). We observed a positive association between exposure to PAHs during the 1 month before conception through the third month of pregnancy and craniosynostosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-3.05) after adjusting for maternal age and maternal education. The number of cases for each craniosynostosis subtype limited subtype analyses to sagittal craniosynostosis; the odds ratio remained similar (OR = 1.76, 95% CI, 0.82-3.75), but was not significant. CONCLUSION Our findings support a moderate association between maternal occupational exposure to PAHs and craniosynostosis. Additional work is needed to better characterize susceptibility and the role PAHs may play on specific craniosynostosis subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter H. Langlois
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of
State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Christina C. Lawson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Angela Scheuerle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of
Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carissa M. Rocheleau
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Martha A. Waters
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences,
University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul A. Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, USA
| | - A.J. Agopian
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences,
University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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23
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Thai PK, Li Z, Sjödin A, Fox A, Diep NB, Binh TT, Mueller JF. Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in small groups of residents in Brisbane, Australia and Hanoi, Vietnam, and those travelling between the two cities. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:358-64. [PMID: 26184100 PMCID: PMC4596407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Concentrations of urinary PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) provide an integrated measure of human exposure to PAHs but measurement of urinary OH-PAHs has not been done in Australia and rarely in Vietnam, where air pollution is of concern. In this study, we assessed exposure to PAHs in 16 participants living in Brisbane, Australia and Hanoi, Vietnam, with 4 participants travelling between the two cities during the monitoring period. A total of 312 first morning urine samples were collected over 10weeks and were analysed for nine OH-PAHs. Concentrations of the urinary OH-PAHs were 2-10 times higher in participants from Hanoi than those from Brisbane. For example, the median concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene were 292pg/mL in Hanoi, compared to 64pg/mL in Brisbane. For participants travelling from Brisbane to Hanoi and back, differences in exposure to PAHs in these two cities resulted in corresponding changes of urinary OH-PAH concentrations, demonstrating that the more polluted environment in Hanoi was likely the source for higher PAH exposure there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong K Thai
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Australia; Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Australia.
| | - Zheng Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Annette Fox
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Bich Diep
- National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Viet Nam
| | - Ta Thi Binh
- National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Viet Nam
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Australia
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24
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Liu B, Jia C. Effects of profession on urinary PAH metabolite levels in the US population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 89:123-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Bolden AL, Kwiatkowski CF, Colborn T. New Look at BTEX: Are Ambient Levels a Problem? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5261-76. [PMID: 25873211 DOI: 10.1021/es505316f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are retrieved during fossil fuel extraction and used as solvents in consumer and industrial products, as gasoline additives, and as intermediates in the synthesis of organic compounds for many consumer products. Emissions from the combustion of gasoline and diesel fuels are the largest contributors to atmospheric BTEX concentrations. However, levels indoors (where people spend greater than 83% of their time) can be many times greater than outdoors. In this review we identified epidemiological studies assessing the noncancer health impacts of ambient level BTEX exposure (i.e., nonoccupational) and discussed how the health conditions may be hormonally mediated. Health effects significantly associated with ambient level exposure included sperm abnormalities, reduced fetal growth, cardiovascular disease, respiratory dysfunction, asthma, sensitization to common antigens, and more. Several hormones including estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, insulin, and serotonin may be involved in these health outcomes. This analysis suggests that all four chemicals may have endocrine disrupting properties at exposure levels below reference concentrations (i.e., safe levels) issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. These data should be considered when evaluating the use of BTEX in consumer and industrial products and indicates a need to change how chemicals present at low concentrations are assessed and regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Bolden
- †The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX), Paonia, Colorado 81428, United States
| | - Carol F Kwiatkowski
- †The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX), Paonia, Colorado 81428, United States
- ‡Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Theo Colborn
- †The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX), Paonia, Colorado 81428, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-environment interactions have been implicated in the development of neural tube defects (NTDs). METHODS We conducted a case-control study to investigate (1) the association of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) genetic variants and phase I metabolic enzymes with the risk of NTDs and (2) the interaction of these variants with maternal exposure to indoor air pollution from smoking and coal combustion or with placental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Blood samples were collected from 534 mothers of fetuses or newborns with NTDs and 534 control mothers who had healthy term newborns and were assayed for 12 polymorphisms in the AHR and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. Information on maternal exposure was collected, and placental levels of PAHs were analyzed. RESULTS Maternal exposure to indoor air pollution was associated with an increased NTD risk. However, no increased NTD risk was observed for individual genetic variants. For mothers with the CYP1B1 rs2855658 GG variant, exposure to indoor air pollution led to a dose-response relationship for NTD risk, with odds ratios (ORs) of 3.0 (95% confidence interval = 1.6-5.7) and 8.1 (3.8-17) for medium and high levels of exposure, respectively. For mothers with GA or AA genotypes, this trend was less apparent. Placental PAHs were associated with an increased risk of NTDs, with an OR of 16 (3.3-75) for high levels compared with low levels of exposure among mothers with the GG genotype; there was no association for mothers with GA or AA genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The CYP1B1 variant modifies the effect of indoor air pollution on NTD risk.
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27
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Wang B, Jin L, Ren A, Yuan Y, Liu J, Li Z, Zhang L, Yi D, Wang LL, Zhang Y, Wang X, Tao S, Finnell R. Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in maternal serum and risk of neural tube defects in offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:588-96. [PMID: 25488567 PMCID: PMC4291766 DOI: 10.1021/es503990v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, and have been reported to be a risk factor for human neural tube defects (NTDs). We investigated the relationship between PAH concentrations in maternal serum and NTD risk in offspring using a case-control study design, and explored the link between PAH concentrations to household energy usage characteristics and life styles. One hundred and seventeen women who had NTD-affected pregnancies (cases) and 121 women who delivered healthy infants (controls) were recruited in Northern China. Maternal blood samples were collected at pregnancy termination or at delivery. Twenty-seven PAHs were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentrations of 13 individual PAHs detected were significantly higher in the cases than in the controls. Clear dose-response relationships between concentrations of most individual PAHs and the risk of total NTDs or subtypes were observed, even when potential covariates were adjusted for. High-molecular-weight PAHs (H-PAHs) showed higher risk than low-molecular-weight PAHs (L-PAHs). No associations between PAH concentrations and indoor life styles and energy usage characteristics were observed. It was concluded that maternal exposure to PAHs was associated with an increased risk of NTDs, and H-PAHs overall posed a higher risk for NTDs than L-PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive
and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive
and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive
and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic
of China
- Aiguo
Ren. Phone: +86-10-82801140. Fax: +86-10-82801141. E-mail:
| | - Yue Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive
and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive
and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive
and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive
and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Deqing Yi
- Institute of Reproductive
and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Lin-lin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive
and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive
and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xilong Wang
- Laboratory for
Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for
Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Richard
H. Finnell
- Institute of Reproductive
and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic
of China
- Dell Pediatric Research
Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
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Yi D, Yuan Y, Jin L, Zhou G, Zhu H, Finnell RH, Ren A. Levels of PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood and cord tissue and the risk of fetal neural tube defects in a Chinese population. Neurotoxicology 2014; 46:73-8. [PMID: 25522656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been shown to be associated with an elevated risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). In the human body, PAHs are bioactivated and the resultant reactive epoxides can covalently bind to DNA to form PAH-DNA adducts, which may, in turn, cause transcription errors, changes in gene expression or altered patterns of apoptosis. During critical developmental phases, these changes can result in abnormal morphogenesis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the relationship between the levels of PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood and cord tissue and the risk of NTDs. METHODS From 2010 to 2012, 60 NTD cases and 60 healthy controls were recruited from a population-based birth defects surveillance system in five counties of Shanxi Province in Northern China, where the emission of PAHs remains one of the highest in the country and PAHs exposure is highly prevalent. PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood of 15 NTD cases and 15 control infants, and in cord tissue of 60 NTD cases and 60 control infants were measured using the (32)P-postlabeling method. RESULTS PAH-DNA adduct levels in cord blood tend to be higher in the NTD group (28.5 per 10(8) nucleotides) compared with controls (19.7 per 10(8) nucleotides), although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.377). PAH-DNA adducts in cord tissue were significantly higher in the NTD group (24.6 per 10(6) nucleotides) than in the control group (15.3 per 10(6) nucleotides), P=0.010. A positive dose-response relationship was found between levels of PAH-DNA adducts in cord tissue and the risk of NTDs (P=0.009). When the lowest tertile was used as the referent and potential confounding factors were adjusted for, a 1.03-fold (95% CI, 0.37-2.89) and 2.96-fold (95% CI, 1.16-7.58) increase in the risk of NTDs was observed for fetuses whose cord tissue PAH-DNA adduct levels were in the second and highest tertile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS High levels of PAH-DNA adducts in fetal tissues were associated with increased risks of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Yi
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guodong Zhou
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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29
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Wang B, Yi D, Jin L, Li Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Qiu X, Liu W, Tao S, Ren A. Organochlorine pesticide levels in maternal serum and risk of neural tube defects in offspring in Shanxi Province, China: a case-control study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:1037-43. [PMID: 24911776 PMCID: PMC4133271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in placental tissue have been reported to be associated with an increased risk for fetal neural tube defects (NTDs). Our case-control study was performed to explore the association between maternal serum OCP concentration and NTD risk in offspring. Serum samples were collected from 117 mothers who delivered NTD infants (case group) and 121 mothers who delivered healthy infants (control group). Only three of the 25 OCPs were detected in more than half of the maternal serum samples. The median concentration of total OCPs in the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group. However, no dose-response relationships between higher levels of any individual OCPs or total OCPs and the risk of NTDs or subtypes were observed in either the unadjusted binary unconditional logistic regression model or the model adjusted by potential confounders. We conclude that no clear association between maternal serum OCP residues and NTD risk in offspring was observed in this population. CAPSULE No clear association between maternal serum levels of organochlorine pesticides and risk of neural tube defects in offspring was observed for a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Deqing Yi
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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30
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Mantey JA, Rekhadevi PV, Diggs DL, Ramesh A. Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by subcellular fractions of gastrointestinal (GI) tract and liver in Apc Min mouse model of colon cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4929-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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31
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Wang L, Jin L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Yi D, Ren A. Maternal genetic polymorphisms of phase II metabolic enzymes and the risk of fetal neural tube defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 100:13-21. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Deqing Yi
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health; Peking University; Beijing China
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Rekhadevi PV, Diggs DL, Huderson AC, Harris KL, Archibong AE, Ramesh A. Metabolism of the environmental toxicant benzo(a)pyrene by subcellular fractions of human ovary. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:196-202. [PMID: 23703818 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113489050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the ability of the female reproductive system to metabolize environmental chemicals is critical not only from the standpoint of toxicity but also from infertility risk assessment. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a toxicant that is released into the environment from automobile exhausts, cigarette smoke, burning of refuse, industrial emissions, and hazardous waste sites. In exposed animals, BaP becomes activated to reactive metabolites that interfere with target organ function and as a consequence cause toxicity. Studies on animal models conducted in our laboratories and those of others have shown that BaP possess endocrine disrupting properties. Thus, this chemical has the potential to cause infertility and cancers in the female genital tract. An understanding of BaP metabolism in the female reproductive system will be of importance in the diagnosis and management of female fertility as well as cancers in the reproductive tissues. Therefore, the objective of our study was to examine the metabolism of BaP by human ovarian subcellular fractions. Human ovary samples (eight individuals) were obtained from postoperative tissue removed from subjects with uterine tumors. Subcellular fractions (nuclear, cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal) were prepared by differential centrifugation. BaP (1 μM and 3 μM) was individually incubated with individual subcellular fractions for 15 min and the products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Among the different fractions tested, microsomal BaP metabolism was higher than the rest of the fractions. The BaP metabolites identified were as follows: BaP-9,10-diol, BaP-4,5-diol, BaP-7,8-diol, 9(OH) BaP, 3(OH) BaP, BaP-1,6-dione, BaP-3,6-dione, and BaP-6,12-dione. Of interest was the presence of DNA-reactive metabolites such as BaP-3,6-dione, BaP-6,12-dione, and BaP 7,8-diol, which have been implicated in the causation of infertility and cancer. Our results indicate that women who are exposed to BaP via cigarette smoke, occupational settings, and diet are more likely at a larger risk of this toxicant-induced infertility and cancer than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Rekhadevi
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
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Yuan Y, Jin L, Wang L, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhu H, Finnell RH, Zhou G, Ren A. Levels of PAH-DNA adducts in placental tissue and the risk of fetal neural tube defects in a Chinese population. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 37:70-5. [PMID: 23416326 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between PAH-DNA adduct levels in the placental tissue, measured by a highly sensitive (32)P-postlabeling assay, and the risk of fetal neural tube defects (NTDs). We further explored the interaction between PAH-DNA adducts and placental PAHs with respect to NTD risk. Placental tissues from 80 NTD-affected pregnancies and 50 uncomplicated normal pregnancies were included in this case-control study. Levels of PAH-DNA adducts were lower in the NTD group (8.12 per 10(8) nucleotides) compared to controls (9.92 per 10(8) nucleotides). PAH-DNA adduct concentrations below the median was associated with a 3-fold increased NTD risk. Women with a low PAH-DNA adduct level in concert with a high placental PAH level resulted in a 10-fold elevated risk of having an NTD-complicated pregnancy. A low level of placental PAH-DNA adducts was associated with an increased risk of NTDs; this risk increased dramatically when a low adduct level was coupled with a high placental PAH concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Gjeltema J, Stoskopf M, Shea D, De Voe R. Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination of Breeding Pools Utilized by the Puerto Rican Crested Toad, Peltophryne lemur. ISRN TOXICOLOGY 2012; 2012:309853. [PMID: 23762634 PMCID: PMC3671729 DOI: 10.5402/2012/309853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Habitat preservation and management may play an important role in the conservation of the Puerto Rican crested toad, Peltophryne lemur, due to this species' small geographic range and declining native wild population. Bioavailable water concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants within breeding pools at 3 sites were established using Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A more diverse population of PAH analytes were found in higher concentrations at the breeding site that allowed direct vehicular access, but calculated risk quotients indicated low risk to toad reproduction associated with the current PAH analyte levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenessa Gjeltema
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Michael Stoskopf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Damian Shea
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA
| | - Ryan De Voe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- North Carolina Zoological Park, 4401 Zoo Parkway, Asheboro, NC 27205, USA
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Lupo PJ, Symanski E, Langlois PH, Lawson CC, Malik S, Gilboa SM, Lee LJ, Agopian AJ, Desrosiers TA, Waters MA, Romitti PA, Correa A, Shaw GM, Mitchell LE. Maternal occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and congenital heart defects among offspring in the national birth defects prevention study. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2012; 94:875-81. [PMID: 22945317 PMCID: PMC4552186 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence in experimental model systems that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) results in congenital heart defects (CHDs); however, to our knowledge, this relationship has not been examined in humans. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study assessing the association between estimated maternal occupational exposure to PAHs and CHDs in offspring. METHODS Data on CHD cases and control infants were obtained from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study for the period of 1997 to 2002. Exposure to PAHs was assigned by industrial hygienist consensus, based on self-reported maternal occupational histories from 1 month before conception through the third month of pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between maternal occupational PAH exposure and specific CHD phenotypic subtypes among offspring. RESULTS The prevalence of occupational PAH exposure was 4.0% in CHD case mothers (76/1907) and 3.6% in control mothers (104/2853). After adjusting for maternal age, race or ethnicity, education, smoking, folic acid supplementation, and study center, exposure was not associated with conotruncal defects (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-1.67), septal defects (AOR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.86-1.90), or with any isolated CHD subtype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support an association between potential maternal occupational exposure to PAHs and various CHDs in a large, population-based study. For CHD phenotypic subtypes in which modest nonsignificant associations were observed, future investigations could be improved by studying populations with a higher prevalence of PAH exposure and by incorporating information on maternal and fetal genotypes related to PAH metabolism. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Lupo
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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