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Munneke AG, Lumens J, Delhaas T. Diagnostic value of reversed differential cyanosis in (supra)cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03355-5. [PMID: 38971943 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the occurrence of reversed differential cyanosis (RDC) in case of (supra)cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), we explored the hemodynamic changes and oxygen saturation levels during the fetal-to-neonatal transition in (supra)cardiac TAPVR, thereby revealing determinant factors of RDC. METHODS A computational model was used to simulate the cardiovascular fetal-to-neonatal transition up to 24 h after birth. Abnormalities associated with TAPVR, like patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN), were imposed on the model. Hemodynamic impact on flow distribution and right-sided pressures as well as oxygen saturations were assessed. RESULTS Model findings demonstrated that RDC in (supra)cardiac TAPVR was dependent on two key factors: (1) the type of pulmonary venous connection being supracardiac or cardiac, and (2) the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus exhibiting right-to-left shunting. Persistence of RDC was mainly determined by the latter; an increase in pulmonary-to-systemic pressure difference by PPHN or PDA-induced pulmonary over-circulation contributed to persistence of RDC. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significance of RDC in (supra)cardiac TAPVR and suggests to incorporate early screening ( < 24 h after birth) and to consider RDC as an immediate fail in screening protocols to ensure prompt detection of (supra)cardiac TAPVR. IMPACT Utilizing a validated computational model for the cardiovascular fetal-to-neonatal transition, this study sheds light on the complex hemodynamics in neonates with (supra)cardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR). Model findings suggest that the often-present pulmonary over-circulation in neonates with TAPVR might significantly contribute to the anomaly's frequent omission during pulse-oximetry screening beyond the first 24 h after birth. This study highlights the diagnostic value of reversed differential cyanosis in early screenings within the first 24 h after birth. By including RDC as an immediate fail in early pulse-oximetry screenings, the likelihood of missing (supra)cardiac TAPVR cases could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneloes G Munneke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Lumens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Ginsberg GM, Drukker L, Pollak U, Brezis M. Cost-utility analysis of prenatal diagnosis of congenital cardiac diseases using deep learning. COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2024; 22:44. [PMID: 38773527 PMCID: PMC11110271 DOI: 10.1186/s12962-024-00550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep learning (DL) is a new technology that can assist prenatal ultrasound (US) in the detection of congenital heart disease (CHD) at the prenatal stage. Hence, an economic-epidemiologic evaluation (aka Cost-Utility Analysis) is required to assist policymakers in deciding whether to adopt the new technology. METHODS The incremental cost-utility ratios (CUR), of adding DL assisted ultrasound (DL-US) to the current provision of US plus pulse oximetry (POX), was calculated by building a spreadsheet model that integrated demographic, economic epidemiological, health service utilization, screening performance, survival and lifetime quality of life data based on the standard formula: CUR = Increase in Intervention Costs - Decrease in Treatment costs Averted QALY losses of adding DL to US & POX US screening data were based on real-world operational routine reports (as opposed to research studies). The DL screening cost of 145 USD was based on Israeli US costs plus 20.54 USD for reading and recording screens. RESULTS The addition of DL assisted US, which is associated with increased sensitivity (95% vs 58.1%), resulted in far fewer undiagnosed infants (16 vs 102 [or 2.9% vs 15.4%] of the 560 and 659 births, respectively). Adoption of DL-US will add 1,204 QALYs. with increased screening costs 22.5 million USD largely offset by decreased treatment costs (20.4 million USD). Therefore, the new DL-US technology is considered "very cost-effective", costing only 1,720 USD per QALY. For most performance combinations (sensitivity > 80%, specificity > 90%), the adoption of DL-US is either cost effective or very cost effective. For specificities greater than 98% (with sensitivities above 94%), DL-US (& POX) is said to "dominate" US (& POX) by providing more QALYs at a lower cost. CONCLUSION Our exploratory CUA calculations indicate the feasibility of DL-US as being at least cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Ginsberg
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
- HECON, Health Economics Consultancy, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Lior Drukker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rabin-Belinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Uri Pollak
- Pediatric Critical Care Sector, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mayer Brezis
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Center for Quality and Safety, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Cui Y, He XJ, Wang L, Fan YH, Chen JY, Zhao N, Zhang S, Liu L, Yao J, Ren Z, Fan D, Chen J, He X. A "twelve-section ultrasonic screening and diagnosis method" and management system for screening and treating neonatal congenital heart disease at the grassroots level in Tang County, Hebei Province, China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:371. [PMID: 38750445 PMCID: PMC11097544 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore a method for screening and diagnosing neonatal congenital heart disease (CHD) applicable to grassroots level, evaluate the prevalence of CHD, and establish a hierarchical management system for CHD screening and treatment at the grassroots level. METHODS A total of 24,253 newborns born in Tang County between January 2016 and December 2020 were consecutively enrolled and screened by trained primary physicians via the "twelve-section ultrasonic screening and diagnosis method" (referred to as the "twelve-section method"). Specialized staff from the CHD Screening and Diagnosis Center of Hebei Children's Hospital regularly visited the local area for definite diagnosis of CHD in newborns who screened positive. Newborns with CHD were managed according to the hierarchical management system. RESULTS The centre confirmed that, except for 2 newborns with patent ductus arteriosus missed in the diagnosis of ventricular septal defect combined with severe pulmonary hypertension, newborns with other isolated or concomitant simple CHDs were identified at the grassroots level. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic coincidence rate of the twelve-section method for screening complex CHD were 92%, 99.6% and 84%, respectively. A total of 301 children with CHD were identified. The overall CHD prevalence was 12.4‰. According to the hierarchical management system, 113 patients with simple CHD recovered spontaneously during local follow-up, 48 patients continued local follow-up, 106 patients were referred to the centre for surgery (including 17 patients with severe CHD and 89 patients with progressive CHD), 1 patient died without surgery, and 8 patients were lost to follow-up. Eighteen patients with complex CHD were directly referred to the centre for surgery, 3 patients died without surgery, and 4 patients were lost to follow-up. Most patients who received early intervention achieved satisfactory results. The mortality rate of CHD was approximately 28.86 per 100,000 children. CONCLUSIONS The "twelve-section method" is suitable for screening neonatal CHD at the grassroots level. The establishment of a hierarchical management system for CHD screening and treatment is conducive to the scientific management of CHD, which has important clinical and social significance for early detection, early intervention, reduction in mortality and improvement of the prognosis of complex and severe CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cui
- Department of Ultrasound diagnosis, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin-Jian He
- Department of Ultrasound diagnosis, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Le Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan-Hui Fan
- Department of Ultrasound diagnosis, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound diagnosis, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound diagnosis, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound diagnosis, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Ultrasound diagnosis, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Outpatient department, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Department of Ultrasound diagnosis, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Ultrasound diagnosis, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound diagnosis, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinjian He
- Department of Ultrasound diagnosis, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Sakai-Bizmark R, Chang RKR, Martin GR, Hom LA, Marr EH, Ko J, Goff DA, Mena LA, von Kohler C, Bedel LEM, Murillo M, Estevez D, Hays RD. Current Postlaunch Implementation of State Mandates of Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease by Pulse Oximetry in U.S. States and Hospitals. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e550-e562. [PMID: 36580978 PMCID: PMC11105930 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to gauge adherence to nationally endorsed protocols in implementation of pulse oximetry (POx) screening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in infants after mandate by all states and to assess associated characteristics. STUDY DESIGN Between March and October 2019, an online questionnaire was administered to nurse supervisors who oversee personnel conducting POx screening. The questionnaire used eight questions regarding performance and interpretation of screening protocols to measure policy consistency, which is adherence to nationally endorsed protocols for POx screening developed by professional medical societies. Multilevel linear regression models evaluated associations between policy consistency and characteristics of hospitals and individuals, state of hospital location, early versus late mandate adopters, and state reporting requirements. RESULTS Responses from 189 nurse supervisors spanning 38 states were analyzed. Only 17% received maximum points indicating full policy consistency, and 24% selected all four options for potential hypoxia that require a repeat screen. Notably, 33% did not recognize ≤90% SpO2 as an immediate failed screen and 31% responded that an infant with SpO2 of 89% in one extremity will be rescreened by nurses in an hour rather than receiving an immediate physician referral. Lower policy consistency was associated with lack of state reporting mandates (beta = -1.23 p = 0.01) and early adoption by states (beta = -1.01, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION When presented with SpO2 screening values on a questionnaire, a low percentage of nurse supervisors selected responses that demonstrated adherence to nationally endorsed protocols for CCHD screening. Most notably, almost one-third of respondents did not recognize ≤90% SpO2 as a failed screen that requires immediate physician follow-up. In addition, states without reporting mandates and early adopter states were associated with low policy consistency. Implementing state reporting requirements might increase policy consistency, but some inconsistency may be the result of unique protocols in early adopter states that differ from nationally endorsed protocols. KEY POINTS · Low adherence to nationally endorsed protocols.. · Inconsistent physician follow-up to hypoxia.. · Reporting improved consistency with national policy..
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Sakai-Bizmark
- Division of General Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Ruey-Kang R. Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Torrance, California
- Division of Cardiology, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Gerard R. Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Lisa A. Hom
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, the George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Emily H. Marr
- Division of General Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Jamie Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Torrance, California
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Donna A. Goff
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Laurie A. Mena
- Division of General Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Connie von Kohler
- Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach, MemorialCare Health System, Long Beach, California
| | - Lauren E. M. Bedel
- Division of General Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Mary Murillo
- Division of General Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Dennys Estevez
- Division of General Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Ron D. Hays
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Zhang H, Li G, Li Q, Zuo Y, Wang Q. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent neonatal cardiac surgery: ten years of experience in a tertiary surgery center. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:144. [PMID: 38409131 PMCID: PMC10895745 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcomes after neonatal cardiac surgery at our institute, and identify factors associated with operative mortality. METHODS We examined 224 neonates who underwent cardiac surgery at a single institution from 2013 to 2022. Relevant data, such as demographic information, operative details, and postoperative records, were gathered from medical and surgical records. Our primary focus was on the operative mortality. RESULTS Median age and weight at surgery were 12 (7-20) days and 3.4 (3.0-3.8) kg, respectively. Overall mortality was 14.3% (32/224). Mortality rates showed improvement over time (2013-2017 vs. 2018-2022), with rates decreasing from 21.9% to 10.6% (p = 0.023). ECMO use, extubation failure, lactate > 4.8 mmol/l and VIS > 15.5 on 24 h after operation were significantly associated with operative mortality, according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. Patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) before surgery and those with prenatal diagnosis showed lower operative mortality. Median follow-up time of 192 hospital survivors was 28.0 (11.0-62.3) months. 10 patients experienced late deaths, and 7 patients required reinterventions after neonatal cardiac surgery. Risk factors for composite end-point of death and reintervention on multivariable analysis were: surgical period (HR = 0.230, 95% CI 0.081-0.654; p = 0.006), prolonged ventilation (HR = 4.792, 95% CI 1.296-16.177; p = 0.018) and STAT categories 3-5 (HR = 5.936, 95% CI 1.672-21.069; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Our institution has observed improved surgical outcomes in neonatal cardiac surgery over the past five years with low mortality, but late death and reintervention remain necessary in some patients. The location and prenatal diagnosis prior to surgery may affect the outcomes of neonates undergoing congenital heart disease operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anding Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Gang Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anding Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiangqiang Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anding Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yansong Zuo
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anding Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anding Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Wong EC, Lupo PJ, Desrosiers TA, Nichols HB, Smith SM, Poole C, Canfield M, Shumate C, Chambers TM, Schraw JM, Nembhard WN, Yazdy MM, Nestoridi E, Janitz AE, Olshan AF. Associations between birth defects with neural crest cell origins and pediatric embryonal tumors. Cancer 2023; 129:3595-3602. [PMID: 37432072 PMCID: PMC10615683 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few assessments evaluating associations between birth defects with neural crest cell developmental origins (BDNCOs) and embryonal tumors, which are characterized by undifferentiated cells having a molecular profile similar to neural crest cells. The effect of BDNCOs on embryonal tumors was estimated to explore potential shared etiologic pathways and genetic origins. METHODS With the use of a multistate, registry-linkage cohort study, BDNCO-embryonal tumor associations were evaluated by generating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with Cox regression models. BDNCOs consisted of ear, face, and neck defects, Hirschsprung disease, and a selection of congenital heart defects. Embryonal tumors included neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, and hepatoblastoma. Potential HR modification (HRM) was investigated by infant sex, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, and maternal education. RESULTS The risk of embryonal tumors among those with BDNCOs was 0.09% (co-occurring n = 105) compared to 0.03% (95% CI, 0.03%-0.04%) among those without a birth defect. Children with BDNCOs were 4.2 times (95% CI, 3.5-5.1 times) as likely to be diagnosed with an embryonal tumor compared to children born without a birth defect. BDNCOs were strongly associated with hepatoblastoma (HR, 16.1; 95% CI, 11.3-22.9), and the HRs for neuroblastoma (3.1; 95% CI, 2.3-4.2) and nephroblastoma (2.9; 95% CI, 1.9-4.4) were elevated. There was no notable HRM by the aforementioned factors. CONCLUSIONS Children with BDNCOs are more likely to develop embryonal tumors compared to children without a birth defect. Disruptions of shared developmental pathways may contribute to both phenotypes, which could inform future genomic assessments and cancer surveillance strategies of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene C Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tania A Desrosiers
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan M Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles Poole
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark Canfield
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Charles Shumate
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Tiffany M Chambers
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremy M Schraw
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mahsa M Yazdy
- Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eirini Nestoridi
- Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda E Janitz
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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He Q, Dou Z, Su Z, Shen H, Mok TN, Zhang CJ, Huang J, Ming WK, Li S. Inpatient costs of congenital heart surgery in China: results from the National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 31:100623. [PMID: 36879787 PMCID: PMC9985056 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Economic data on congenital heart disease (CHD) in China are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the inpatient costs of congenital heart surgery and related healthcare policies from a hospital perspective. Method We used data from the Chinese Database for Congenital Heart Surgery (CDCHS) to prospectively analyse the inpatient costs of congenital heart surgery from May 2018 to December 2020. The total expenditure was divided into 11 columns (medications, imaging, consumable items, surgery, medical cares, laboratory tests, therapy, examinations, medical services, accommodations, and others), and explored according to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (STAT) category, year, different age group, and CHD complexity. Authority economic data (index for gross domestic product [GDP], GDP per capita, per capita disposable income and average annual exchange rate of 2020 Chinese Yuan against US dollar) were accessed via the National Bureau of Statistics of China to better describe the burden. In addition, potential factors contributing to the costs were also investigated by using generalised linear model. Findings All values are presented in 2020 Chinese Yuan (¥). A total of 6568 hospitalisations were enrolled. The median of overall total expenditure was ¥64,900 (≈9409 US Dollar [USD], interquartile range [IQR]: ¥35,819), with the lowest in STAT 1 (¥57,014 ≈ 8266 USD, [IQR]: ¥16,774) and the highest in STAT 5 (¥194,862 ≈ 28,251 USD, [IQR]: ¥130,010). The median costs during the 2018 to 2020 period were ¥62,014 (≈8991 USD, [IQR]: ¥32,628), ¥64,846 (≈9401 USD, [IQR]: ¥34,469) and ¥67,867 (≈9839 USD, [IQR]: ¥41,496). Regarding to age, the median costs were highest in the ≤1 month group (¥144,380 ≈ 20,932 USD, [IQR]: ¥92,584). Age, STAT category, emergency, genetic syndrome, delay sternal closure, mechanical ventilation time, and complications were significantly contributed to the inpatient costs. Interpretation For the first time, the inpatient costs of congenital heart surgery in China are delineated in detail. According to the results, CHD treatment has achieved significant progress in China, but it still causes substantial economic burden to both families and society. In addition, ascending trend of the inpatient costs was observed during the period of 2018-2020, and the neonatal was revealed to be the most challenging group. Funding This study was supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS,2020-I2M-C&T-A-009), Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund (2022-1-4032), and The City University of Hong Kong New Research Initiatives/Infrastructure Support from Central (APRC, 9610589).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu He
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zheng Dou
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhanhao Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huayan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tsz-Ngai Mok
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Casper J.P. Zhang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
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Singh R, Rajaram Tawker N. The Spectrum of Congenital Heart Disease in Children in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands: A Five-Year Retrospective Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e29109. [PMID: 36258979 PMCID: PMC9559556 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an abnormality in the structure or function of the cardio-circulatory system present at birth but more often diagnosed subsequently. CHD is the most common (28%) major congenital anomaly and thus signifies a major global health problem. The primary objective is to estimate the frequency and pattern of CHD in children in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India). Methods: We did a hospital-based retrospective observational study. The hospital case records of all children belonging to the age group of 0 to 12 years with newly diagnosed CHD were reviewed for the five years from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. The clinical, demographic, and echocardiogram details were retrieved, and descriptive analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 26 (IBM, Chicago, USA). Results: A total of 201 (12.8 per 1000) children were newly diagnosed with CHD (out of a total of 15592 children). There were 110 (54.7%) boys and 91 (45.3%) girls in the age group of 0 to 144 months (mean ± SD: 13.86±27.13). The ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart defect, accounting for 25.4% of all CHD cases. The most common cyanotic CHD was tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), comprising 8% of the total cases. Conclusion: The spectrum of CHD in our study was largely similar to pre-existing literature. Although most of the CHDs were detected during infancy, a higher proportion of complex lesions in our study group resulted in adverse outcomes, even in surgically managed cases.
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Gupta SK. Cyanotic congenital heart disease - Not always blue to provide a clue: Time to replace cyanosis with arterial desaturation! Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 15:511-514. [PMID: 37152515 PMCID: PMC10158465 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_226_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite right-to-left shunt, not all patients with so-called cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) are cyanosed at all times. Moreover, despite undisputed clinical utility, cyanosis is unreliable for the detection of arterial desaturation. Pulse oximetry, on the other hand, provides a much easier, reliable, and accurate method for detecting arterial desaturation. For optimal detection, therefore, it is perhaps sensible to replace cyanosis with pulse oximetry-based detection of arterial desaturation in all cases with suspected CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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10
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Impact of clinical research on public health policy of neonatal screening for congenital heart disease in China. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1261-1263. [PMID: 35830175 PMCID: PMC9433059 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ou Y, Bloom MS, Mai J, Francois M, Pan W, Xiao X, Wang X, Nie Z, Qu Y, Gao X, Wu Y, Liu X, Zhuang J, Chen J. Prenatal Detection of Congenital Heart Diseases Using Echocardiography: 12-Year Results of an Improving Program With 9782 Cases. Front Public Health 2022; 10:886262. [PMID: 35646777 PMCID: PMC9136016 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.886262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A provincial program combining the effect of a government investment in prenatal screening and a specialized cardiac center was introduced in 2004, to improve prenatal diagnosis by echocardiography for congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in the Guangdong Registry of Congenital Heart Disease, China. Objectives To evaluate the effects of this program on the prenatal diagnosis rate (PDR) by echocardiography and termination of pregnancy (TOP). Methods A retrospective study from 2004-2015 included 9782 fetuses and infants diagnosed with CHDs. The PDR was calculated for major and minor CHDs during pre-, mid- and post-program time-intervals. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to analyze the associations between program implementation and the timing of CHD diagnosis (prenatal vs. postnatal) by different hospital levels. The rate for TOP were also evaluated. Results The PDR increased by 44% for major CHDs in the post-program interval relative to the pre-program interval. The three most frequently diagnosed subtypes prenatally were hypoplastic left heart syndrome (84%), double outlet right ventricle (83%) and severe pulmonary stenosis (82%). Participants with a high school education experienced a greater increase in PDR than those without a high school education. The odds for a prenatal vs. a postnatal diagnosis for major CHD were greater after introduction of the program than before (adjusted odd ratio= 20.95, 95% CI:2.47, 178.06 in secondary hospitals; and adjusted odd ratio=11.65, 95% CI:6.52, 20.81 in tertiary hospitals). The TOP rate decreased from 52.3% pre-program to 19.6% post-program among minor CHD fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis (P for trend =0.041). A lower proportion of TOP were attributed to minor CHDs after the program. Conclusions The program combining the advantages of government investment and a specialized cardiac center appeared to increase the PDR by echocardiography for CHDs in an unselected population. The TOP rate among minor cases with prenatal diagnosis declined significantly after implementation of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Ou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael S. Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Jinzhuang Mai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Melissa Francois
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Ximeng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Nie
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanji Qu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Bergman K, Forestieri NE, Di Bona VL, Grosse SD, Moore CA. Medicaid healthcare expenditures for infants with birth defects potentially related to Zika virus infection in North Carolina, 2011-2016. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:80-89. [PMID: 34984857 PMCID: PMC9110069 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016, Zika virus (ZIKV) was recognized as a human teratogen. North Carolina (NC) had no local transmission of ZIKV but infants with relevant birth defects, including severe brain anomalies, microcephaly, and eye abnormalities, require specialized care and services, the costs of which have not yet been quantified. The objective of this study is to examine NC Medicaid healthcare expenditures for infants with defects potentially related to ZIKV compared to infants with no reported defects. METHODS Data sources for this retrospective cohort study include NC birth certificates, Birth Defects Monitoring Program data, and Medicaid enrollment and paid claims files. Infants with relevant defects were identified and expenditure ratios were calculated to compare distributions of estimated expenditures during the first year of life for infants with relevant defects and infants with no reported defects. RESULTS This analysis included 551 infants with relevant defects and 365,318 infants with no reported defects born 2011-2016. Mean total expenditure per infant with defects was $69,244 (median $30,544) for the first year. The ratio of these expenditures relative to infants with no reported defects was 14.5. Expenditures for infants with select brain anomalies were greater than those for infants with select eye abnormalities only. CONCLUSIONS Infants with defects potentially related to ZIKV had substantially higher Medicaid expenditures than infants with no reported defects. These results may be informative in the event of a future outbreak and are a resource for program planning related to care for infants in NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Bergman
- Birth Defects Monitoring Program, State Center for Health Statistics, North Carolina Division of Public Health, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nina E. Forestieri
- Birth Defects Monitoring Program, State Center for Health Statistics, North Carolina Division of Public Health, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vito L. Di Bona
- Statistical Services Branch, State Center for Health Statistics, North Carolina Division of Public Health, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott D. Grosse
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Moore
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Singh Y, Chen SE. Impact of pulse oximetry screening to detect congenital heart defects: 5 years' experience in a UK regional neonatal unit. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:813-821. [PMID: 34618229 PMCID: PMC8821483 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulse oximetry screening (POS) has been shown to be an effective, non-invasive investigation that can detect up to 50-70% of previously undiagnosed congenital heart defects (CHDs). The aims of this study were to assess the accuracy of POS in detection of CHDs and its impact on clinical practice. All eligible newborn infants born between 1 Jan 2015 and 31 Dec 2019 in a busy regional neonatal unit were included in this prospective observational study. A positive POS was classified as two separate measurements of oxygen saturation < 95%, or a difference of > 2% between pre- and post-ductal circulations. Overall, 23,614 infants had documented POS results. One hundred eighty nine (0.8%) infants had a true positive result: 6 had critical CHDs, 9 serious or significant CHDs, and a further 156/189 (83%) infants had significant non-cardiac conditions. Forty-three infants who had a normal POS were later diagnosed with the following categories of CHDs post-hospital discharge: 1 critical, 15 serious, 20 significant and 7 non-significant CHDs. POS sensitivity for detection of critical CHD was 85.7%, whereas sensitivity was only 33% for detection of major CHDs (critical and serious) needing surgery during infancy; specificity was 99.3%.Conclusion: Pulse oximetry screening showed moderate to high sensitivity in detection of undiagnosed critical CHDs; however, it failed to detect two-third of major CHDs. Our study further emphasises the significance of adopting routine POS to detect critical CHDs in the clinical practice. However, it also highlights the need to develop new, innovative methods, such as perfusion index, to detect other major CHDs missed by current screening tools. What is Known: • Pulse oximetry screening is cost effective, acceptable, easy to perform and has moderate sensitivity and high specificity in detection of critical congenital heart defects. • Pulse oximetry screening has been implemented many countries including USA for detection of critical congenital heart defects, but it is not currently recommended by the UK National Screening Committee. What is New: • To our knowledge, this is the first study describing postnatal detection and presentation of all the infants with congenital heart defects over a period of 5 years, including those not detected on the pulse oximetry screening, on the clinical practice. • It emphasises that further research required to detect critical congenital heart defects and other major CHDs which can be missed on the screening tools currently employed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogen Singh
- Department of Paediatrics - Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, NICU, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 402, Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Si Emma Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Delaney RK, Pinto NM, Ozanne EM, Stark LA, Pershing ML, Thorpe A, Witteman HO, Thokala P, Lambert LM, Hansen LM, Greene TH, Fagerlin A. Study protocol for a randomised clinical trial of a decision aid and values clarification method for parents of a fetus or neonate diagnosed with a life-threatening congenital heart defect. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e055455. [PMID: 34893487 PMCID: PMC8666895 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parents who receive the diagnosis of a life-threatening, complex heart defect in their fetus or neonate face a difficult choice between pursuing termination (for fetal diagnoses), palliative care or complex surgical interventions. Shared decision making (SDM) is recommended in clinical contexts where there is clinical equipoise. SDM can be facilitated by decision aids. The International Patient Decision Aids Standards collaboration recommends the inclusion of values clarification methods (VCMs), yet little evidence exists concerning the incremental impact of VCMs on patient or surrogate decision making. This protocol describes a randomised clinical trial to evaluate the effect of a decision aid (with and without a VCM) on parental mental health and decision making within a clinical encounter. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Parents who have a fetus or neonate diagnosed with one of six complex congenital heart defects at a single tertiary centre will be recruited. Data collection for the prospective observational control group was conducted September 2018 to December 2020 (N=35) and data collection for two intervention groups is ongoing (began October 2020). At least 100 participants will be randomised 1:1 to two intervention groups (decision aid only vs decision aid with VCM). For the intervention groups, data will be collected at four time points: (1) at diagnosis, (2) postreceipt of decision aid, (3) postdecision and (4) 3 months postdecision. Data collection for the control group was the same, except they did not receive a survey at time 2. Linear mixed effects models will assess differences between study arms in distress (primary outcome), grief and decision quality (secondary outcomes) at 3-month post-treatment decision. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the University of Utah Institutional Review Board. Study findings have and will continue to be presented at national conferences and within scientific research journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04437069 (Pre-results).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Delaney
- Population Health Sciences, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nelangi M Pinto
- Pediatrics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elissa M Ozanne
- Population Health Sciences, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Louisa A Stark
- Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mandy L Pershing
- Population Health Sciences, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alistair Thorpe
- Population Health Sciences, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Holly O Witteman
- Family and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Praveen Thokala
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Linda M Lambert
- Pediatrics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lisa M Hansen
- Pediatrics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tom H Greene
- Population Health Sciences, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Angela Fagerlin
- Population Health Sciences, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- VA HSR&D Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Pavlicek J, Klaskova E, Kapralova S, Palatova AM, Piegzova A, Spacek R, Gruszka T. Major heart defects: the diagnostic evaluations of first-year-olds. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:528. [PMID: 34847867 PMCID: PMC8630885 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe or critical congenital heart defects (CHDs) constitute one third of the heart defect cases detected only after birth. These prenatally unrecognised defects usually manifest as cyanotic or acyanotic lesions and are diagnosed postnatally at various times. The aim of the study was to identify their clinical symptoms and determine individual risk periods for CHD manifestation. Methods Data were assessed retrospectively based on a cohort of patients born between 2009 and 2018 in a population of 175,153 live births. Occurrence of the first symptoms of CHD was classified into: early neonatal (0–7 days), late neonatal (8–28 days), early infancy (1–6 months), or late infancy (6–12 months). The first symptom for which the child was referred to a paediatric cardiologist was defined as a symptom of CHD. Results There were 598 major CHDs diagnosed in the studied region, 91% of which were isolated anomalies. A concomitant genetic disorder was diagnosed in 6% of the cases, while 3% presented extracardiac pathology with a normal karyotype. In total, 47% (282/598) of all CHDs were not identified prenatally. Of these, 74% (210/282) were diagnosed as early neonates, 16% (44/282) as late neonates, and 10% (28/282) as infants. The most common symptoms leading to the diagnosis of CHD were heart murmur (51%, 145/282) and cyanosis (26%, 73/282). Diagnosis after discharge from the hospital occurred in 12% (72/598) of all major CHDs. Ventricular septal defect and coarctation of the aorta constituted the majority of delayed diagnoses. Conclusions In conclusion, murmur and cyanosis are the most common manifestations of prenatally undetected CHDs. Although most children with major CHDs are diagnosed as neonates, some patients are still discharged from the maternity hospital with an unidentified defect. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02997-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pavlicek
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic. .,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Klaskova
- Department of Pediatrics, Palacky University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Kapralova
- Department of Pediatrics, Palacky University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alicja Piegzova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Spacek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Gruszka
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Melo DG, Sanseverino MTV, Schmalfuss TDO, Larrandaburu M. Why are Birth Defects Surveillance Programs Important? Front Public Health 2021; 9:753342. [PMID: 34796160 PMCID: PMC8592920 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.753342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Gusmão Melo
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Mariela Larrandaburu
- Disability and Rehabilitation Program, Ministry of Public Health of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Rutkowski RE, Tanner JP, Anjohrin SB, Kirby RS, Salemi JL. Proportion of critical congenital heart defects attributable to unhealthy prepregnancy body mass index among women with live births in Florida, 2005-2016. Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:1285-1298. [PMID: 34390321 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and congenital heart defects have been reported, however, the proportion of critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) attributable to unhealthy prepregnancy BMI has not been determined. Our objective was to investigate the association between maternal prepregnancy BMI and CCHDs. METHODS The Florida Birth Defects Registry was used to identify infants with CCHDs born between 2005-2016. Birth certificate data were used to define the source population and identify perinatal and socio-demographic characteristics. BMI values were categorized as underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), obese I (30.0-34.9), obese II (35.0-39.9), and obese III (≥40.0). Multi-predictor logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 99% confidence intervals representing the association between maternal prepregnancy BMI and CCHDs. Adjusted population attributable fractions (PAFs) for the aORs were calculated. RESULTS We observed a significantly increased risk of "any CCHD" in infants born to women at any level of obesity. Among the 12 CCHDs examined, 5 showed a significantly increased risk among mothers in the two highest obesity levels (II & III). Approximately 8% of all CCHDs may be attributed to suboptimal maternal prepregnancy BMI, with the highest total individual CCHD PAFs for pulmonary valve atresia (21.7%) and total anomalous pulmonary venous return (12.8%). CONCLUSIONS Women with suboptimal prepregnancy BMI are at increased odds of having a child born with a CCHD. We found evidence of a direct dose-response relationship between prepregnancy BMI and odds for CCHD; with variation by CCHD subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Rutkowski
- Birth Defects Surveillance Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jean Paul Tanner
- Birth Defects Surveillance Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Suzanne B Anjohrin
- UCB Biosciences, Real World Evidence, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Russell S Kirby
- Birth Defects Surveillance Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jason L Salemi
- Birth Defects Surveillance Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Aliku T, Beaton A, Lubega S, Dewyer A, Scheel A, Kamarembo J, Akech R, Sable C, Lwabi P. Profile of congenital heart disease and access to definitive care among children seen at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in Northern Uganda: a four-year experience. JOURNAL OF CONGENITAL CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40949-021-00064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe the profile of Congenital Heart Disease [CHD] and access to definitive surgical or catheter-based care among children attending a regional referral hospital in Northern Uganda.
Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of all children aged less than 17 years attending Gulu Regional Referral Hospital Cardiac clinic from November 2013 to July 2017.
Results
A total of 295 children were diagnosed with CHD during the study period. The median age at initial diagnosis was 12 months [IQR: 4–48]. Females comprised 59.3% [n = 175] of cases. Diagnosis in the neonatal period accounted for only 7.5 % [n = 22] of cases. The commonest CHD seen was ventricular septal defect [VSD] in 19.7 % [n = 58] of cases, followed by atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) in 17.3 % [n = 51] and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in 15.9 % [n = 47]. The commonest cyanotic CHD seen was tetralogy of Fallot [TOF] in 5.1 % [n = 15], followed by double outlet right ventricle [DORV] in 4.1 % [n = 12] and truncus arteriosus in 3.4% [n = 10]. Dextro-transposition of the great arteries [D-TGA] was seen in 1.3 % [n = 4]. At initial evaluation, 76 % [n = 224] of all CHD cases needed definitive intervention and 14 % of these children [n = 32] had accessed surgical or catheter-based therapy within 2 years of diagnosis. Three quarters of the cases who had intervention [n = 24] had definitive care at the Uganda Heart Institute (UHI), including all 12 cases who underwent catheter-based interventions. No mortalities were reported in the immediate post-operative period and in the first annual follow up in all cases who had intervention.
Conclusions
There is delayed diagnosis of most rural Ugandan Children with CHD and access to definitive care is severely limited. The commonest CHD seen was VSD followed by AVSD. The majority of patients who had definitive surgery or transcatheter intervention received care in Uganda.
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Imany-Shakibai H, Yin O, Russell MR, Sklansky M, Satou G, Afshar Y. Discordant congenital heart defects in monochorionic twins: Risk factors and proposed pathophysiology. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251160. [PMID: 33956871 PMCID: PMC8101911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A six-fold increase in congenital heart defects (CHD) exists among monochorionic (MC) twins compared to singleton or dichorionic twin pregnancies. Though MC twins share an identical genotype, discordant phenotypes related to CHD and other malformations have been described, with reported rates of concordance for various congenital anomalies at less than 20%. Our objective was to characterize the frequency and spectrum of CHD in a contemporary cohort of MC twins, coupled with genetic and clinical variables to provide insight into risk factors and pathophysiology of discordant CHD in MC twins. Retrospective analysis of all twins receiving prenatal fetal echocardiography at a single institution from January 2010 –March 2020 (N = 163) yielded 23 MC twin pairs (46 neonates) with CHD (n = 5 concordant CHD, n = 18 discordant CHD). The most common lesions were septal defects (60% and 45.5% in concordant and discordant cohorts, respectively) and right heart lesions (40% and 18.2% in concordant and discordant cohorts, respectively). Diagnostic genetic testing was abnormal for 20% of the concordant and 5.6% of the discordant pairs, with no difference in rate of abnormal genetic results between the groups (p = 0.395). No significant association was found between clinical risk factors and development of discordant CHD (p>0.05). This data demonstrates the possibility of environmental and epigenetic influences versus genotypic factors in the development of discordant CHD in monochorionic twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Imany-Shakibai
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ophelia Yin
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Russell
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Sklansky
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gary Satou
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yalda Afshar
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Murni IK, Wirawan MT, Patmasari L, Sativa ER, Arafuri N, Nugroho S, Noormanto. Delayed diagnosis in children with congenital heart disease: a mixed-method study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:191. [PMID: 33882901 PMCID: PMC8059230 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) causes significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the proportion of delayed diagnosis of CHD and factors related to the delayed diagnosis. METHODS A prospective cohort study with mixed-methods was conducted in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Patients aged < 18 years with newly diagnosed CHD and echocardiography confirmed CHD were included. Data were recorded from medical records and interviews from direct caregivers. Logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with the delay. RESULTS A total of 838 patients were included with median age of 2.9 years (0-17.7 years), with female predominance (54.2%, n = 454). The proportions of delayed diagnosis were 60.8% (510), 54.9% (373) and 86.2% (137) in all children with CHD, acyanotic and cyanotic CHD, respectively. Delayed diagnosis by doctor was the most common cause, followed by delayed diagnosis related to midwifery care, financial, referral/follow-up, and social factors. In multivariate analysis, cyanotic CHD, residence outside the city, non-syndromic, low family income, normal labour and at term gestation at birth were independently associated with the delay. At diagnosis, heart failure and pulmonary hypertension occurred in 414 (49.4%) and 132 (15.8%) children with CHD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Six in ten children with CHD were diagnosed with significant delay. Delayed diagnosis by doctor was the most common cause. Children with cyanotic CHD, residence outside the city, non-syndromic, low family income, normal labour and at term gestation at birth were independently associated with the delay. Comorbid complications in delayed diagnosis of CHD were prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indah K Murni
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Kesehatan No 1, Sekip, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Taufik Wirawan
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Kesehatan No 1, Sekip, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Linda Patmasari
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Kesehatan No 1, Sekip, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Esta R Sativa
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Kesehatan No 1, Sekip, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nadya Arafuri
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Kesehatan No 1, Sekip, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sasmito Nugroho
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Kesehatan No 1, Sekip, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Noormanto
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Kesehatan No 1, Sekip, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of state-mandated policies for pulse oximetry screening on healthcare utilisation, with a focus on use of echocardiograms. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project, Statewide Inpatient Databases from 2008 to 2014 from six states. METHODS We defined pre- and post-mandate cohorts based on dates when pulse oximetry became mandated in each state. Linear segmented regression models for interrupted time series assessed associations between implementation of the screening and changes in rate of newborns with Critical CHD-negative echocardiogram results. We also evaluated the changes in rate of newborns who underwent echocardiogram but were not diagnosed with any health issues that could cause hypoxemia. RESULTS We identified 5967 critical CHD-negative echocardiograms (2847 and 3120 in the pre- and post-mandate periods, respectively). Our models detected a statistically significant increasing trend in rate of critical CHD-negative echocardiograms in the pre-mandate period (Incidence Rate Ratio: 1.08, p = 0.02), but did not detect any statistical differences in changes between pre- and post-mandate periods (Incidence Rate Ratio: 0.93, p = 0.14). Among non-Whites, an increasing trend of Critical CHD-negative echocardiogram during the pre-mandate period was detected (Incidence Rate Ratio 1.12, p < 0.01) and was attenuated during the post-mandate period (Incidence Rate Ratio 0.89, p = 0.02). Similar results were observed in the sensitivity analyses among both Whites and non-Whites. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that mandatory state screening policies are associated with reductions in false-positive screening rates for hypoxemic conditions, with reductions primarily attributed to trends among non-Whites.
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Campbell MJ, Quarshie WO, Faerber J, Goldberg DJ, Mascio CE, Blinder JJ. Pulse Oximetry Screening Has Not Changed Timing of Diagnosis or Mortality of Critical Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41:899-904. [PMID: 32107587 PMCID: PMC7319863 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness of mandatory pulse oximetry screening. The objective is to evaluate whether mandatory pulse oximetry testing had decreased the late critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) diagnosis rate and reduced mortality in neonatal subjects. This was a single center, retrospective cohort study comparing the timing of diagnosis of CCHD between neonates undergoing cardiac surgery in 2009-2010, prior to mandatory pulse oximetry screening, and neonates in 2015-2016, after mandatory pulse oximetry screening was instituted. Follow-up was for 1 year. We defined CCHD as lesions requiring surgical correction within 30 days of life. Exclusions included: pacemaker insertions, vascular ring divisions, closure of patent ductus arteriosus, arterial cutdown, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation without structural heart disease as the sole procedure, or if subjects were born at home. Infants diagnosed prior to discharge from birth hospital were defined as early postnatal; late postnatal subjects were diagnosed after birth hospital discharge. In-hospital mortality and 1-year mortality were measured. A total of 527 neonates were included; 251 (47.6%) comprised the pre-mandatory pulse oximetry screening cohort (2009-2010). Only 3.6% of the 2009-2010 cohort and 4.3% of the 2015-2016 cohort were diagnosed late (p = 0.66). One-year mortality decreased during the study period (17.2% in 2009-2010 vs 10.5% in 2015-2016, p = 0.03). There were no deaths in the late CCHD diagnosis groups. Mandatory pulse oximetry screening legislation has not changed the late postnatal diagnosis rate at our institution. Mortality for neonatal CCHD has declined, but this decline is not attributable to mandatory pulse oximetry screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William O. Quarshie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Faerber
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David J. Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher E. Mascio
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua J. Blinder
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Anesthesia/Critical Care, Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Cloete E, Gentles TL, Dixon LA, Webster DR, Agnew JD, Davidkova S, Alsweiler JM, Rogers J, Bloomfield FH. Feasibility study assessing equitable delivery of newborn pulse oximetry screening in New Zealand's midwifery-led maternity setting. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030506. [PMID: 31427341 PMCID: PMC6701602 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to conduct New Zealand-specific research to inform the design of a pulse oximetry screening strategy that ensures equity of access for the New Zealand maternity population. Equity is an important consideration as the test has the potential to benefit some populations and socioeconomic groups more than others. SETTING New Zealand has an ethnically diverse population and a midwifery-led maternity service. One quaternary hospital and urban primary birthing unit (Region A), two regional hospitals (Region B) and three regional primary birthing units (Region C) from three Health Boards in New Zealand's North Island participated in a feasibility study of pulse oximetry screening. Home births in these regions were also included. PARTICIPANTS There were 27 172 infants that satisfied the inclusion criteria; 16 644 (61%) were screened. The following data were collected for all well newborn infants with a gestation age ≥35 weeks: date of birth, ethnicity, type of maternity care provider, deprivation index and screening status (yes/no). The study was conducted over a 2-year period from May 2016 to April 2018. RESULTS Screening rates improved over time. Infants born in Region B (adjusted OR=0.75; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.83) and C (adjusted OR=0.29; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.32) were less likely to receive screening compared with those born in Region A. There were significant associations between screening rates and deprivation, ethnicity and maternity care provider. Lack of human and material resources prohibited universal access to screening. CONCLUSION A pulse oximetry screening programme that is sector-led is likely to perpetuate inequity. Screening programmes need to be designed so that resources are distributed in the way most likely to optimise health outcomes for infants born with cardiac anomalies. ETHICS APPROVAL This study was approved by the Health and Disability Ethics Committees of New Zealand (15/NTA/168).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Cloete
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas L Gentles
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Service, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lesley A Dixon
- New Zealand College of Midwives Inc, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Dianne R Webster
- Newborn Metabolic Screening Unit, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joshua D Agnew
- Department of Paediatrics, Tauranga Hospital, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Sarka Davidkova
- Department of Paediatrics, Rotorua Hospital, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Jane M Alsweiler
- Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Rogers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Liu X, Xu W, Yu J, Shu Q. Screening for congenital heart defects: diversified strategies in current China. WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2019-000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCongenital heart defects (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect and a leading cause of infant mortality in China. Detection of CHD during newborn is still challenging. The contradiction between the increasingly mature technology of diagnosis and treatment and the inability of early detection is the biggest current dilemma. A few pilot studies attempt to establish the universal screening for CHD in newborns; however, the rate of misdiagnosis is still high in most Chinese hospitals, especially in some undeveloped middle-western regions.Data sourcesBased on the recent publications on screening of congenital heart diseases in China. We reviewed the use of diversified screening strategies in current China.ResultsPrenatal diagnosis by fetal echocardiography and postnatal detection by pulse oximetry combined with clinical assessment are the useful methods for CHD screening in most areas. The altitude should be taken into account when using pulse oximetry in the middle-western areas of China, where the incidence of CHD maybe higher. Echocardiography is suitable for CHD screening in almost all areas but it could add to financial burden in the developing regions. Genetic analysis could assist clinical doctors to perform more earlier screening and give better counseling regarding the outcome. Due to disparities in economic and medical resources, the screening system should be carried out from multiple perspectives according to the present economic development. Notably, follow-up is an important issue in the screening of CHD, especially for the asymptomatic babies who discharged home. Policies should be formulated to address the epidemiology of CHD in deprived areas to better allocate medical resources and to develop local training programmes to screen and diagnose CHD.ConclusionsDiversified strategies are available in current China. The two-indicator method for CHD screening is recommended to be implemented in routine postnatal care. We can do more in screening for CHD in the future.
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Aranguren Bello HC, Londoño Trujillo D, Troncoso Moreno GA, Dominguez Torres MT, Taborda Restrepo A, Fonseca A, Sandoval Reyes N, Chamorro CL, Dennis Verano RJ. Oximetry and neonatal examination for the detection of critical congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Res 2019; 8:242. [PMID: 31372214 PMCID: PMC6659768 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17989.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Undiagnosed congenital heart disease in the prenatal stage can occur in approximately 5 to 15 out of 1000 live births; more than a quarter of these will have critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Late postnatal diagnosis is associated with a worse prognosis during childhood, and there is evidence that a standardized measurement of oxygen saturation in the newborn by cutaneous oximetry is an optimal method for the detection of CCHD. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis comparing the operational characteristics of oximetry and physical examination for the detection of CCHD. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted on the following databases including published studies between 2002 and 2017, with no language restrictions: Pubmed, Science Direct, Ovid, Scopus and EBSCO, with the following keywords: oximetry screening, critical congenital heart disease, newborn OR oximetry screening heart defects, congenital, specificity, sensitivity, physical examination. Results: A total of 419 articles were found, from which 69 were selected based on their titles and abstracts. After quality assessment, five articles were chosen for extraction of data according to inclusion criteria; data were analyzed on a sample of 404,735 newborns in the five included studies. The following values were found, corresponding to the operational characteristics of oximetry in combination with the physical examination: sensitivity: 0.92 (CI 95%, 0.87-0.95), specificity: 0.98 (CI 95%, 0.89-1.00), for physical examination alone sensitivity: 0.53 (CI 95%, 0.28-0.78) and specificity: 0.99 (CI 95%, 0.97-1.00). Conclusions: Evidence found in different articles suggests that pulse oximetry in addition to neonatal physical examination presents optimal operative characteristics that make it an adequate screening test for detection of CCHD in newborns, above all this is essential in low and middle-income settings where technology medical support is not entirely available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alejandra Fonseca
- Research Department, Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nestor Sandoval Reyes
- Institute of Congenital Heart Disease, Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología., Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Rodolfo José Dennis Verano
- Research Department, Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia.,Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Birth Location of Infants with Critical Congenital Heart Disease in California. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:310-318. [PMID: 30415381 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-2019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The American Academy of Pediatrics classifies neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from level I to IV based on the acuity of care each unit can provide. Birth in a higher level center is associated with lower morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations. Congenital heart disease accounts for 25-50% of infant mortality related to birth defects in the U.S., but recent data are lacking on where infants with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) are born. We used a linked dataset from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development to access ICD-9 diagnosis codes for all infants born in California from 2008 to 2012. We compared infants with CCHD to the general population, identified where infants with CCHD were born based on NICU level of care, and predicted level IV birth among infants with CCHD using logistic regression techniques. From 2008 to 2012, 6325 infants with CCHD were born in California, with 23.7% of infants with CCHD born at a level IV NICU compared to 8.4% of the general population. Level IV birth for infants with CCHD was associated with lower gestational age, higher maternal age and education, the presence of other congenital anomalies, and the diagnosis of a single ventricle lesion. More infants with CCHD are born in a level IV NICU compared to the general population. Future studies are needed to determine if birth in a lower level of care center impacts outcomes for infants with CCHD.
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Narayen IC, te Pas AB, Blom NA, van den Akker-van Marle ME. Cost-effectiveness analysis of pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart defects following homebirth and early discharge. Eur J Pediatr 2019; 178:97-103. [PMID: 30334077 PMCID: PMC6311198 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulse oximetry (PO) screening is used to screen newborns for critical congenital heart defects (CCHD). Analyses performed in hospital settings suggest that PO screening is cost-effective. We assessed the costs and cost-effectiveness of PO screening in the Dutch perinatal care setting, with home births and early postnatal discharge, compared to a situation without PO screening. Data from a prospective accuracy study with 23,959 infants in the Netherlands were combined with a time and motion study and supplemented data. Costs and effects of the situations with and without PO screening were compared for a cohort of 100,000 newborns. Mean screening time per newborn was 4.9 min per measurement and 3.8 min for informing parents. The additional costs of screening were in total €14.71 per screened newborn (€11.00 personnel, €3.71 equipment costs). Total additional costs of screening and referral were €1,670,000 per 100,000 infants. This resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €139,000 per additional newborn with CCHD detected with PO, when compared to a situation without PO screening. A willingness-to-pay threshold of €20,000 per gained QALY for screening in the Netherlands makes the screening likely to be cost-effective.Conclusion: PO screening in the Dutch care setting is likely to be cost-effective. What is Known: • Pulse oximetry is increasingly implemented as a screening tool for critical congenital heart defects in newborns. • Previous studies suggest that the screening in cost-effective and in the USA a reduction in infant mortality from critical congenital heart defects was demonstrated. What is New: • This is the first cost-effectiveness analysis for pulse oximetry screening in a setting with screening after home births, with screening at two moments. • Costs of pulse oximetry screening in a setting with hospital and homebirth deliveries were €14.71 and is likely to be cost-effective accordint to Dutch standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona C. Narayen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan B. te Pas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nico A. Blom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M. Elske van den Akker-van Marle
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Pinto NM, Waitzman N, Nelson R, Minich LL, Krikov S, Botto LD. Early Childhood Inpatient Costs of Critical Congenital Heart Disease. J Pediatr 2018; 203:371-379.e7. [PMID: 30268400 PMCID: PMC11104566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess longitudinal estimates of inpatient costs through early childhood in patients with critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs), for whom reliable estimates are scarce, using a population-based cohort of clinically validated CCHD cases. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal retrospective cohort of infants with CCHDs live born from 1997 to 2012 in Utah. Cases identified from birth defect registry data were linked to inpatient discharge abstracts and vital records to track inpatient days and costs through age 10 years. Costs were adjusted for inflation and discounted by 3% per year to generate present value estimates. Multivariable models identified infant and maternal factors potentially associated with higher resource utilization and were used to calculate adjusted costs by defect type. RESULTS The final statewide cohort included 1439 CCHD cases among 803 509 livebirths (1.8/1000). The average cost per affected child through age 10 years was $136 682 with a median of $74 924 because of a small number of extremely high cost children; costs were highest for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Inpatient costs increased by 1.6% per year during the study period. A single birth year cohort (~50 000 births/year) had estimated expenditures of $11 902 899 through age 10 years. Extrapolating to the US population, inpatient costs for a single birth year cohort through age 10 years were ~$1 billion. CONCLUSIONS Inpatient costs for CCHDs throughout childhood are high and rising. These revised estimates will contribute to comparative effectiveness research aimed at improving the value of care on a patient and population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelangi M Pinto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
| | - Norman Waitzman
- Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Richard Nelson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - L LuAnn Minich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sergey Krikov
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Lorenzo D Botto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Current status of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal congenital heart disease in China. World J Pediatr 2018; 14:313-314. [PMID: 30066048 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-018-0174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Narayen IC, Blom NA, van Geloven N, Blankman EIM, van den Broek AJM, Bruijn M, Clur SAB, van den Dungen FA, Havers HM, van Laerhoven H, Mir SE, Muller MA, Polak OM, Rammeloo LAJ, Ramnath G, van der Schoor SRD, van Kaam AH, Te Pas AB. Accuracy of Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects after Home Birth and Early Postnatal Discharge. J Pediatr 2018; 197:29-35.e1. [PMID: 29580679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) in a setting with home births and early discharge after hospital deliveries, by using an adapted protocol fitting the work patterns of community midwives. STUDY DESIGN Pre- and postductal oxygen saturations (SpO2) were measured ≥1 hour after birth and on day 2 or 3. Screenings were positive if the SpO2 measurement was <90% or if 2 independent measures of pre- and postductal SpO2 were <95% and/or the pre-/postductal difference was >3%. Positive screenings were referred for pediatric assessment. Primary outcomes were sensitivity, specificity, and false-positive rate of pulse oximetry screening for CCHD. Secondary outcome was detection of noncardiac illnesses. RESULTS The prenatal detection rate of CCHDs was 73%. After we excluded these cases and symptomatic CCHDs presenting immediately after birth, 23 959 newborns were screened. Pulse oximetry screening sensitivity in the remaining cohort was 50.0% (95% CI 23.7-76.3) and specificity was 99.1% (95% CI 99.0-99.2). Pulse oximetry screening was false positive for CCHDs in 221 infants, of whom 61% (134) had noncardiac illnesses, including infections (31) and respiratory pathology (88). Pulse oximetry screening did not detect left-heart obstructive CCHDs. Including cases with prenatally detected CCHDs increased the sensitivity to 70.2% (95% CI 56.0-81.4). CONCLUSION Pulse oximetry screening adapted for perinatal care in home births and early postdelivery hospital discharge assisted the diagnosis of CCHDs before signs of cardiovascular collapse. High prenatal detection led to a moderate sensitivity of pulse oximetry screening. The screening also detected noncardiac illnesses in 0.6% of all infants, including infections and respiratory morbidity, which led to early recognition and referral for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona C Narayen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Nico A Blom
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nan van Geloven
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Martijn Bruijn
- Department of Paediatrics, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Sally-Ann B Clur
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A van den Dungen
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hester M Havers
- Department of Paediatrics, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands
| | | | - Shahryar E Mir
- Deparment of Paediatrics, Waterland Hospital, Purmerend, The Netherlands
| | - Moira A Muller
- Department of Obstetrics, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Odette M Polak
- Department of Obstetrics, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas A J Rammeloo
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gracita Ramnath
- Department of Paediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anton H van Kaam
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan B Te Pas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Narayen IC, Blom NA, te Pas AB. Pulse Oximetry Screening Adapted to a System with Home Births: The Dutch Experience. Int J Neonatal Screen 2018; 4:11. [PMID: 33072937 PMCID: PMC7510226 DOI: 10.3390/ijns4020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal screening for critical congenital heart defects is proven to be safe, accurate, and cost-effective. The screening has been implemented in many countries across all continents in the world. However, screening for critical congenital heart defects after home births had not been studied widely yet. The Netherlands is known for its unique perinatal care system with a high rate of home births (18%) and early discharge after an uncomplicated delivery in hospital. We report a feasibility, accuracy, and acceptability study performed in the Dutch perinatal care system. Screening newborns for critical congenital heart defects using pulse oximetry is feasible after home births and early discharge, and acceptable to mothers. The accuracy of the test is comparable to other early-screening settings, with a moderate sensitivity and high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona C. Narayen
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9200, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Nico A. Blom
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan B. te Pas
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9200, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Touma M. Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound (30/45MHZ) System. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29781990 DOI: 10.3791/57210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common cause of childhood morbidity and early mortality. Prenatal detection of the underlying molecular mechanisms of CHDs is crucial for inventing new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Mutant mouse models are powerful tools to discover new mechanisms and environmental stress modifiers that drive cardiac development and their potential alteration in CHDs. However, efforts to establish the causality of these putative contributors have been limited to histological and molecular studies in non-survival animal experiments, in which monitoring the key physiological and hemodynamic parameters is often absent. Live imaging technology has become an essential tool to establish the etiology of CHDs. In particular, ultrasound imaging can be used prenatally without surgically exposing the fetuses, allowing maintaining their baseline physiology while monitoring the impact of environmental stress on the hemodynamic and structural aspects of cardiac chamber development. Herein, we use the High-Frequency Ultrasound (30/45) system to examine the cardiovascular system in fetal mice at E18.5 in utero at the baseline and in response to prenatal hypoxia exposure. We demonstrate the feasibility of the system to measure cardiac chamber size, morphology, ventricular function, fetal heart rate, and umbilical artery flow indices, and their alterations in fetal mice exposed to systemic chronic hypoxia in utero in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlin Touma
- Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles;
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Salemi JL, Rutkowski RE, Tanner JP, Matas JL, Kirby RS. Identifying Algorithms to Improve the Accuracy of Unverified Diagnosis Codes for Birth Defects. Public Health Rep 2018; 133:303-310. [PMID: 29620432 DOI: 10.1177/0033354918763168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We identified algorithms to improve the accuracy of passive surveillance programs for birth defects that rely on administrative diagnosis codes for case ascertainment and in situations where case confirmation via medical record review is not possible or is resource prohibitive. METHODS We linked data from the 2009-2011 Florida Birth Defects Registry, a statewide, multisource, passive surveillance program, to an enhanced surveillance database with selected cases confirmed through medical record review. For each of 13 birth defects, we calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) to compare the accuracy of 4 algorithms that varied case definitions based on the number of diagnoses, medical encounters, and data sources in which the birth defect was identified. We also assessed the degree to which accuracy-improving algorithms would affect the Florida Birth Defects Registry's completeness of ascertainment. RESULTS The PPV generated by using the original Florida Birth Defects Registry case definition (ie, suspected cases confirmed by medical record review) was 94.2%. More restrictive case definition algorithms increased the PPV to between 97.5% (identified by 1 or more codes/encounters in 1 data source) and 99.2% (identified in >1 data source). Although PPVs varied by birth defect, alternative algorithms increased accuracy for all birth defects; however, alternative algorithms also resulted in failing to ascertain 58.3% to 81.9% of cases. CONCLUSIONS We found that surveillance programs that rely on unverified diagnosis codes can use algorithms to dramatically increase the accuracy of case finding, without having to review medical records. This can be important for etiologic studies. However, the use of increasingly restrictive case definition algorithms led to a decrease in completeness and the disproportionate exclusion of less severe cases, which could limit the widespread use of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Salemi
- 1 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,2 Birth Defects Surveillance Program, Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rachel E Rutkowski
- 2 Birth Defects Surveillance Program, Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jean Paul Tanner
- 2 Birth Defects Surveillance Program, Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Matas
- 1 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Russell S Kirby
- 2 Birth Defects Surveillance Program, Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Bishop CF, Small N, Parslow R, Kelly B. Healthcare use for children with complex needs: using routine health data linked to a multiethnic, ongoing birth cohort. BMJ Open 2018. [PMID: 29525769 PMCID: PMC5855244 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Congenital anomaly (CA) are a leading cause of disease, death and disability for children throughout the world. Many have complex and varying healthcare needs which are not well understood. Our aim was to analyse the healthcare needs of children with CA and examine how that healthcare is delivered. DESIGN Secondary analysis of observational data from the Born in Bradford study, a large prospective birth cohort, linked to primary care data and hospital episode statistics. Negative binomial regression with 95% CIs was performed to predict healthcare use. The authors conducted a subanalysis on referrals to specialists using paper medical records for a sample of 400 children. SETTING Primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare services in a large city in the north of England. PARTICIPANTS All children recruited to the birth cohort between March 2007 and December 2011. A total of 706 children with CA and 10 768 without CA were included in the analyses. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Healthcare use for children with and without CA aged 0 to <5 years was the primary outcome measure after adjustment for confounders. RESULTS Primary care consultations, use of hospital services and referrals to specialists were higher for children with CA than those without. Children in economically deprived neighbourhoods were more likely to be admitted to hospital than consult primary care. Children with CA had a higher use of hospital services (β 1.48, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.59) than primary care consultations (β 0.24, 95% CI 1.18 to 0.30). Children with higher educated mothers were less likely to consult primary care and hospital services. CONCLUSIONS Hospital services are most in demand for children with CA, but also for children who were economically deprived whether they had a CA or not. The complex nature of CA in children requires multidisciplinary management and strengthened coordination between primary and secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Small
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Roger Parslow
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
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Hamilçıkan Ş, Can E. Critical congenital heart disease screening with a pulse oximetry in neonates. J Perinat Med 2018; 46:203-207. [PMID: 28672762 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the results of pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in newborn infants performed at <24 h and >24 h following. METHOD Measurements were taken for each group at <24 h and >24 h following birth. Echocardiography was performed if the SpO2 readings remained abnormal results. RESULTS A total of 4518 newborns were included in this prospective descriptive study. Of these, 2484 (60.3%) were delivered vaginally and 1685 (39.7%) by cesarean section. Median time points of the screening were 25.4 (25.3-25.5) vs. 17.3 (12.2-22.4) hours after birth. In 4109 infants screened 24 h after birth, the mean pre- and postductal oxygen saturations (SpO2) were 96.5±1.99 and 97.7±1.98, while 127 infants screened within 24 h of mean preductal and postductal SpO2 were 91.33±2.64 and 94.0±4.44. No CCHD was detected during the study period. Pulse oximetry screening was false positive for CCHD in 9 of 4109 infants (0.02%); of these, six infants were referred to pediatric cardiology and three cases were diagnosed as other significant, non-cardiac pathology. There were two cases with AVSD (atrioventricular septal defect, three cases with ventricular septal defect (VSD), and one case with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). CONCLUSIONS Saturation values are different between <24-h and >24-h neonates in pulse oximetry screening. The screening in this study identified infants with other important pathologies, this forms an added value as an assessment tool for newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şahin Hamilçıkan
- Department of Neotanal Intensive Care Unit, Bagcılar Training and Research, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Can
- Department of Neotanal Intensive Care Unit, Bagcılar Training and Research, Istanbul, Turkey
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36
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McClain MR, Hokanson JS, Grazel R, Van Naarden Braun K, Garg LF, Morris MR, Moline K, Urquhart K, Nance A, Randall H, Sontag MK. Critical Congenital Heart Disease Newborn Screening Implementation: Lessons Learned. Matern Child Health J 2018; 21:1240-1249. [PMID: 28092064 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-017-2273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this article is to present the collective experiences of six federally-funded critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) newborn screening implementation projects to assist federal and state policy makers and public health to implement CCHD screening. Methods A qualitative assessment and summary from six demonstration project grantees and other state representatives involved in the implementation of CCHD screening programs are presented in the following areas: legislation, provider and family education, screening algorithms and interpretation, data collection and quality improvement, telemedicine, home and rural births, and neonatal intensive care unit populations. Results The most common challenges to implementation include: lack of uniform legislative and statutory mandates for screening programs, lack of funding/resources, difficulty in screening algorithm interpretation, limited availability of pediatric echocardiography, and integrating data collection and reporting with existing newborn screening systems. Identified solutions include: programs should consider integrating third party insurers and other partners early in the legislative/statutory process; development of visual tools and language modification to assist in the interpretation of algorithms, training programs for adult sonographers to perform neonatal echocardiography, building upon existing newborn screening systems, and using automated data transfer mechanisms. Discussion Continued and expanded surveillance, research, prevention and education efforts are needed to inform screening programs, with an aim to reduce morbidity, mortality and other adverse consequences for individuals and families affected by CCHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R McClain
- Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire, 10 West Edge Drive, Suite 101, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keri Urquhart
- Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, ME, USA
| | - Amy Nance
- Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Marci K Sontag
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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Rutkowski RE, Salemi JL, Tanner JP, Anjohrin S, Cavicchia P, Lake-Burger H, Kirby RS. Are Children Born with Birth Defects at Increased Risk of Injuries in Early Childhood? J Pediatr 2017. [PMID: 28648522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the extent to which children with birth defects experience differential likelihood of various injuries and injury-related hospitalizations in early childhood. STUDY DESIGN The Florida Birth Defects Registry was used to identify infants born 2006-2010 with select birth defects. Injury matrices were used to detect injuries in inpatient, ambulatory, and emergency department admissions for each infant up to their third birthday. χ2tests were used to compare sociodemographic and perinatal characteristics of children, by presence of an injury-related hospital admission. Adjusted multivariable logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used to investigate birth defect and injury associations and related hospital use. RESULTS We observed a 21% (99% CI: 1.16-1.27) increased odds of injury in children with birth defects. All birth defect subgroups had a statistically significantly increased odds of injury (excluding chromosomal defects), with adjusted ORs ranging from 1.19 to 1.40. The combination of birth defects and injuries resulted in 40% (99% CI: 1.36-1.44) more frequent injury-related hospital visits and a 3-fold (99% CI: 2.76-2.96) increase in time spent receiving inpatient medical care. Over 30% of children with critical congenital heart defects had an injury-related hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS Children born with specific birth defects are at increased likelihood of various injuries during early life. Although the magnitude of this increased likelihood varied by the mechanism by which the injury occurred, the location of the injury, and the type of birth defect, our study findings support a direct association between birth defects and injuries in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Rutkowski
- Birth Defects Surveillance Program, Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.
| | - Jason L Salemi
- Birth Defects Surveillance Program, Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jean Paul Tanner
- Birth Defects Surveillance Program, Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Suzanne Anjohrin
- Division of Community Health Promotion, Public Health Research Unit, Florida Birth Defects Registry, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Philip Cavicchia
- Division of Community Health Promotion, Public Health Research Unit, Florida Birth Defects Registry, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Heather Lake-Burger
- Division of Community Health Promotion, Public Health Research Unit, Florida Birth Defects Registry, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Russell S Kirby
- Birth Defects Surveillance Program, Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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Touma M, Reemtsen B, Halnon N, Alejos J, Finn JP, Nelson SF, Wang Y. A Path to Implement Precision Child Health Cardiovascular Medicine. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:36. [PMID: 28620608 PMCID: PMC5451507 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affect approximately 1% of live births and are a major source of childhood morbidity and mortality even in countries with advanced healthcare systems. Along with phenotypic heterogeneity, the underlying etiology of CHDs is multifactorial, involving genetic, epigenetic, and/or environmental contributors. Clear dissection of the underlying mechanism is a powerful step to establish individualized therapies. However, the majority of CHDs are yet to be clearly diagnosed for the underlying genetic and environmental factors, and even less with effective therapies. Although the survival rate for CHDs is steadily improving, there is still a significant unmet need for refining diagnostic precision and establishing targeted therapies to optimize life quality and to minimize future complications. In particular, proper identification of disease associated genetic variants in humans has been challenging, and this greatly impedes our ability to delineate gene–environment interactions that contribute to the pathogenesis of CHDs. Implementing a systematic multileveled approach can establish a continuum from phenotypic characterization in the clinic to molecular dissection using combined next-generation sequencing platforms and validation studies in suitable models at the bench. Key elements necessary to advance the field are: first, proper delineation of the phenotypic spectrum of CHDs; second, defining the molecular genotype/phenotype by combining whole-exome sequencing and transcriptome analysis; third, integration of phenotypic, genotypic, and molecular datasets to identify molecular network contributing to CHDs; fourth, generation of relevant disease models and multileveled experimental investigations. In order to achieve all these goals, access to high-quality biological specimens from well-defined patient cohorts is a crucial step. Therefore, establishing a CHD BioCore is an essential infrastructure and a critical step on the path toward precision child health cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlin Touma
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brian Reemtsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Halnon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Juan Alejos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - J Paul Finn
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Imaging, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yibin Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Perfusion Index and Pulse Oximetry Screening for Congenital Heart Defects. J Pediatr 2017; 183:74-79.e1. [PMID: 28153478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of combined pulse oximetry (POX) and perfusion index (PI) neonatal screening for severe congenital heart defects (sCHD) and assess different impacts of screening in tertiary and nontertiary hospitals. STUDY DESIGN A multicenter, prospective study in 10 tertiary and 6 nontertiary maternity hospitals. A total of 42 169 asymptomatic newborns from among 50 244 neonates were screened; exclusion criteria were antenatal sCHD diagnosis, postnatal clinically suspected sCHD, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Eligible infants underwent pre- and postductal POX and PI screening after routine discharge examination. Targeted sCHD were anatomically defined. Positivity was defined as postductal oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤95%, prepostductal SpO2 gradient >3%, or PI <0.90. Confirmed positive cases underwent echocardiography for definitive diagnosis. Missed cases were identified by consulting clinical registries at 6 regional pediatric heart centers. Main outcomes were incidence of unexpected sCHD; proportion of undetected sCHD after discharge in tertiary and nontertiary hospitals; and specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of combined screening. RESULTS One hundred forty-two sCHD were detected prenatally. Prevalence of unexpected sCHD was 1 in 1115 live births, similar in tertiary and nontertiary hospitals. Screening identified 3 sCHD (low SpO2, 2; coarctation for low PI, 1). Four cases were missed. In tertiary hospitals, 95% of unsuspected sCHDs were identified clinically, whereas only 28% in nontertiary units; in nontertiary units PI-POX screening increased the detection rate to 71%. CONCLUSIONS PI-POX predischarge screening provided benefits in nontertiary units, where clinical recognition rate was low. PI can help identify coarctation cases missed by POX but requires further evaluation in populations with higher rates of missed cases.
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Pinto NM, Nelson R, Botto L, Puchalski MD, Krikov S, Kim J, Waitzman NJ. Costs, mortality, and hospital usage in relation to prenatal diagnosis in d-transposition of the great arteries. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:262-270. [PMID: 28398667 PMCID: PMC5407308 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of prenatal diagnosis of d-transposition of the great arteries (dTGA) on health-care usage is largely unknown. We evaluated a population-based cohort to assess costs, mortality and inpatient encounters by whether dTGA was prenatally diagnosed or not. METHODS The dTGA cases (born 1997-2011) identified at the Utah Birth Defect Network, which includes data on timing of diagnosis, were linked to statewide inpatient discharge data. We excluded preterm cases or cases with additional major heart defects. We evaluated hospitalizations and costs for infants (first year of life) and mothers (10 months before birth) using multivariable models adjusted for demographic and clinical risk factors. RESULTS Of 119 cases, 14 (12%) were prenatally diagnosed. Birth weight, surgical complexity and extracardiac defects/syndromes were similar between groups. Of 7 deaths (6%), two occurred pre-intervention in postnatally diagnosed infants. Prenatal diagnosis was associated with more in-hospital days (estimate 13 additional days, p = 0.03) and higher mean costs for mothers ($4,141 vs $12,148) and infants (90,419 vs $49,576). Prenatal diagnosis independently predicted higher adjusted costs for the overall cohort ($22,570, p = 0.045). After excluding deaths, total costs were no longer significantly different. CONCLUSION Mothers of prenatally diagnosed infants with dTGA had higher inpatient costs compared with those postnatally diagnosed. Costs trended higher for their infants, although were not significantly different. Linkage of population-based surveillance systems and outcome databases can be a powerful tool to further explore the complex relationship of prenatal diagnosis to costs and outcomes in other types of congenital heart diseases. Birth Defects Research 109:262-270, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelangi M Pinto
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Richard Nelson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lorenzo Botto
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael D Puchalski
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sergey Krikov
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jaewhan Kim
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Pereira F, Bueno A, Rodriguez A, Perrin D, Marx G, Cardinale M, Salgo I, Del Nido P. Automated detection of coarctation of aorta in neonates from two-dimensional echocardiograms. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2017; 4:014502. [PMID: 28149925 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.4.1.014502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coarctation of aorta (CoA) is a critical congenital heart defect (CCHD) that requires accurate and immediate diagnosis and treatment. Current newborn screening methods to detect CoA lack both in sensitivity and specificity, and when suspected in a newborn, it must be confirmed using specialized imaging and expert diagnosis, both of which are usually unavailable at tertiary birthing centers. We explore the feasibility of applying machine learning methods to reliably determine the presence of this difficult-to-diagnose cardiac abnormality from ultrasound image data. We propose a framework that uses deep learning-based machine learning methods for fully automated detection of CoA from two-dimensional ultrasound clinical data acquired in the parasternal long axis view, the apical four chamber view, and the suprasternal notch view. On a validation set consisting of 26 CoA and 64 normal patients our algorithm achieved a total error rate of 12.9% (11.5% false-negative error and 13.6% false-positive error) when combining decisions of classifiers over three standard echocardiographic view planes. This compares favorably with published results that combine clinical assessments with pulse oximetry to detect CoA (71% sensitivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Pereira
- Philips Ultrasound Inc. , 3000 Minuteman Road, Andover, Massachusetts 02176, United States
| | - Alejandra Bueno
- Boston Children's Hospital , Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Andrea Rodriguez
- Boston Children's Hospital , Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Douglas Perrin
- Boston Children's Hospital , Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Gerald Marx
- Boston Children's Hospital , Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael Cardinale
- Philips Ultrasound Inc. , 3000 Minuteman Road, Andover, Massachusetts 02176, United States
| | - Ivan Salgo
- Philips Ultrasound Inc. , 3000 Minuteman Road, Andover, Massachusetts 02176, United States
| | - Pedro Del Nido
- Boston Children's Hospital , Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Bishop C, Small N, Mason D, Corry P, Wright J, Parslow RC, Bittles AH, Sheridan E. Improving case ascertainment of congenital anomalies: findings from a prospective birth cohort with detailed primary care record linkage. BMJ Paediatr Open 2017; 1:e000171. [PMID: 29637167 PMCID: PMC5862215 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital anomalies (CAs) are a common cause of infant death and disability. We linked children from a large birth cohort to a routine primary care database to detect CA diagnoses from birth to age 5 years. There could be evidence of underreporting by CA registries as they estimate that only 2% of CA registrations occur after age 1 year. METHODS CA cases were identified by linking children from a prospective birth cohort to primary care records. CAs were classified according to the European Surveillance of CA guidelines. We calculated rates of CAs by using a bodily system group for children aged 0 to <5 years, together with risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs for maternal risk factors. RESULTS Routinely collected primary care data increased the ascertainment of children with CAs from 432.9 per 10 000 live births under 1 year to 620.6 per 10 000 live births under 5 years. Consanguinity was a risk factor for Pakistani mothers (multivariable RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.83), and maternal age >34 years was a risk factor for mothers of other ethnicities (multivariable RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.54). Education was associated with a lower risk (multivariable RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.98). CONCLUSION 98% of UK CA registrations relate to diagnoses made in the first year of life. Our data suggest that this leads to incomplete case ascertainment with a further 30% identified after age 1 year in our study. Risk factors for CAs identified up to age 1 year persist up to 5 years. National registries should consider using routine data linkage to provide more complete case ascertainment after infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissy Bishop
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Neil Small
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Peter Corry
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Roger C Parslow
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan H Bittles
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eamonn Sheridan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Assessments of Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease Using Pulse Oximetry: A Review. Int J Neonatal Screen 2017; 3:34. [PMID: 29376140 PMCID: PMC5784211 DOI: 10.3390/ijns3040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening newborns for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) using pulse oximetry is recommended to allow for the prompt diagnosis and prevention of life-threatening crises. The present review summarizes and critiques six previously published estimates of the costs or cost-effectiveness of CCHD screening from the United Kingdom, United States, and China. Several elements that affect CCHD screening costs were assessed in varying numbers of studies, including screening staff time, instrumentation, and consumables, as well as costs of diagnosis and treatment. A previous US study that used conservative assumptions suggested that CCHD screening is likely to be considered cost-effective from the healthcare sector perspective. Newly available estimates of avoided infant CCHD deaths in several US states that implemented mandatory CCHD screening policies during 2011-2013 suggest a substantially larger reduction in deaths than was projected in the previous US cost-effectiveness analysis. Taking into account these new estimates, we estimate that cost per life-year gained could be as low as USD 12,000. However, that estimate does not take into account future costs of health care and education for surviving children with CCHD nor the costs incurred by health departments to support and monitor CCHD screening policies and programs.
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Palmeri L, Gradwohl G, Nitzan M, Hoffman E, Adar Y, Shapir Y, Koppel R. Photoplethysmographic waveform characteristics of newborns with coarctation of the aorta. J Perinatol 2017; 37:77-80. [PMID: 27684424 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2016.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal echocardiography, physical examination and pulse oximetry detect only half of coarctation of aorta (CoA) cases. We aimed to quantify delayed arrival and diminished amplitude of lower extremity photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulses relative to the right hand in affected patients. STUDY DESIGN We studied 8 CoA infants and 32 healthy controls. The pulse arrival time difference between foot and hand (f-hTD) and pulse amplitude ratio (F/H) were measured on PPG signal waveforms by digitally-determining maxima and minima of systolic decrease of light transmission. Mann-Whitney test was used for group comparisons. RESULTS In comparison to healthy newborns, CoA infants' PPG waveforms demonstrated prolonged f-hTD (mean±s.d. of 73.2±26.6 versus 35.2±8.3 ms, P<0.001) and lower F/H (0.57±0.26 versus 0.99±0.58, P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS F-hTD and F/H are quantifiable from hand- and foot-derived PPG waveforms and are significantly different in CoA versus healthy newborns. Larger studies are needed to validate PPG for improved critical congenital heart disease screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Palmeri
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York/Northwell Health System, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - G Gradwohl
- Department of Applied Physics/Electro-Optics, Lev Academic Center-Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Nitzan
- Department of Applied Physics/Electro-Optics, Lev Academic Center-Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E Hoffman
- Department of Applied Physics/Electro-Optics, Lev Academic Center-Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Adar
- Department of Applied Physics/Electro-Optics, Lev Academic Center-Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Shapir
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York/Northwell Health System, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - R Koppel
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York/Northwell Health System, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Riehle-Colarusso TJ, Bergersen L, Broberg CS, Cassell CH, Gray DT, Grosse SD, Jacobs JP, Jacobs ML, Kirby RS, Kochilas L, Krishnaswamy A, Marelli A, Pasquali SK, Wood T, Oster ME. Databases for Congenital Heart Defect Public Health Studies Across the Lifespan. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.004148. [PMID: 27912209 PMCID: PMC5210337 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Riehle-Colarusso
- Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lisa Bergersen
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital of Boston, MA
| | - Craig S Broberg
- Adult Congenital Heart Program, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Cynthia H Cassell
- Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Darryl T Gray
- Center for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD
| | - Scott D Grosse
- Office of the Director, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeffrey P Jacobs
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Heart Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital and Florida Hospital for Children, St. Petersburg, Tampa, and Orlando, FL.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marshall L Jacobs
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Heart Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital and Florida Hospital for Children, St. Petersburg, Tampa, and Orlando, FL.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Russell S Kirby
- Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Lazaros Kochilas
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Asha Krishnaswamy
- Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Arianne Marelli
- McGill Adult Unit for Congenital Heart Disease, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sara K Pasquali
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Thalia Wood
- Association of Public Health Laboratories, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Matthew E Oster
- Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Rashid U, Qureshi AU, Hyder SN, Sadiq M. Pattern of congenital heart disease in a developing country tertiary care center: Factors associated with delayed diagnosis. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 9:210-5. [PMID: 27625517 PMCID: PMC5007928 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2069.189125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the delay in diagnosis of various types of congenital heart defects in children and factors associated with such delay. Patients and Methods: For this observational study, 354 patients having congenital heart disease (CHD) presenting for the first time to the Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, between January 1, 2015 and June 30, 2015, were enrolled after obtaining informed verbal consent from the guardian of each child. Demographical profile and various factors under observation were recorded. Results: Among the 354 enrolled children (M: F 1.7:1) with age ranging from 1 to 176 months (median 24 months), 301 (85.1%) had delayed diagnosis of CHD (mainly acyanotic 65.3%), with median delay (8 months). Main factors for delay were delayed first consultation to a doctor (37.2%) and delayed diagnosis by a health professional (22.5%). Other factors included delayed referral to a tertiary care hospital (13.3%), social taboos (13.0%), and financial constraints (12.3%). Most children were delivered outside hospital settings (88.7%). Children with siblings less than two (40%) were less delayed than those having two or more siblings (60%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Diagnosis of congenital heart defect was delayed in majority of patients. Multiple factors such as lack of adequately trained health system and socioeconomic constraints were responsible for the delay. There is a need to develop an efficient referral system and improve public awareness in developing countries for early diagnosis and management of such children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Rashid
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad U Qureshi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed N Hyder
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
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Kumar P. Universal Pulse Oximetry Screening for Early Detection of Critical Congenital Heart Disease. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-PEDIATRICS 2016; 10:35-41. [PMID: 27279759 PMCID: PMC4892233 DOI: 10.4137/cmped.s33086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a major cause of infant death and morbidity worldwide. An early diagnosis and timely intervention can significantly reduce the likelihood of an adverse outcome. However, studies from the United States and other developed countries have shown that as many as 30%–50% of infants with CCHD are discharged after birth without being identified. This diagnostic gap is likely to be even higher in low-resource countries. Several large randomized trials have shown that the use of universal pulse-oximetry screening (POS) at the time of discharge from birth hospital can help in early diagnosis of these infants. The objective of this review is to share data to show that the use of POS for early detection of CCHD meets the criteria necessary for inclusion to the universal newborn screening panel and could be adopted worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Associate Chair, Visiting Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Children's Hospital of Illinois, Peoria, IL, USA
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Eckersley L, Sadler L, Parry E, Finucane K, Gentles TL. Timing of diagnosis affects mortality in critical congenital heart disease. Arch Dis Child 2016; 101:516-520. [PMID: 26130379 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening for critical congenital heart disease (CHD) with prenatal ultrasound or postnatal pulse oximetry has the potential to improve outcome. To guide screening recommendations, this study aimed to identify the proportion and outcome of major CHD diagnosed before (early) or after (late) postnatal discharge prior to the introduction of postnatal oximetry screening. DESIGN A retrospective, population-based review of all major CHD in New Zealand from 2006 to 2010. The timing of diagnosis relative to discharge and to intervention in critical and non-critical cases with intention to treat was determined, as was the relationship of diagnostic timing to mortality at 1 year of age. RESULTS Late diagnosis occurred in 20% of critical and 51% of non-critical cases. Mortality occurred in 18% of critical vs 8% of non-critical cases. Mortality was lower with an early diagnosis of critical CHD (early diagnosis 16% vs late diagnosis 27%, p=0.04). Isolated critical CHD benefited most from early diagnosis (mortality, early diagnosis 12% vs late diagnosis 29%, p=0.002). Early diagnosis occurred in >90% critical complex CHD and hypoplastic left heart syndrome, 85% d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) and 53% critical left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Deaths in d-TGA and LVOTO primarily occurred prior to intervention and for d-TGA most often when birth was distant from the cardiac centre. CONCLUSIONS Excess mortality occurs following late diagnosis of critical CHD, and for d-TGA even with early diagnosis if intervention is not immediately available. Antenatal detection retains an important role in reducing mortality related to critical CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Eckersley
- Greenlane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lynn Sadler
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National Women's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emma Parry
- New Zealand Maternal Fetal Medicine Network, National Women's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kirsten Finucane
- Greenlane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas L Gentles
- Greenlane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Moffitt KB, Case AP, Farag NH, Canfield MA. Hospitalization charges for children with birth defects in Texas, 2001 to 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 106:155-63. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen B. Moffitt
- Texas Department of State Health Services; Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch; Austin Texas
| | - Amy P. Case
- Texas Department of State Health Services; Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch; Austin Texas
| | - Noha H. Farag
- Epidemic Intelligence Service; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Mark A. Canfield
- Texas Department of State Health Services; Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch; Austin Texas
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