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Cienfuegos IA, Ciotti BJ, Billington RA, Sutton PA, Lamarre SG, Fraser KPP. Life in the margins: the effect of immersion/emersion and tidal cycle on the North Atlantic limpet Patella vulgata protein synthesis rates. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01582-0. [PMID: 39261359 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Biological processes in intertidal species follow tidal rhythms that enhance survival and fitness. Whereas tidal effects on behaviour and metabolic rates have been widely studied, impacts on other key process such as protein synthesis are still poorly understood. To date, no studies have examined the effect of immersion/emersion and tidal cycles on protein synthesis rates (ks). Patella vulgata is an intertidal limpet present in North-Eastern Atlantic rocky shores from high to low shore. Previously reported P. vulgata respiration and heart rate measurements suggest aerobic metabolism is maintained during emersion and growth rates increase from high to low shore, but whether these patterns are reflected in ks is currently unclear. Here, we measured for the first time in any intertidal organism, ks, RNA to protein ratios and RNA translational efficiency (kRNA) in P. vulgata over a full tidal cycle, at three different shore heights. ks increased during emersion (p < 0.001) and was significantly higher in low shore animals compared to the other shore heights (p < 0.001), additionally ks was negatively correlated to body mass (p = 0.002). RNA to protein ratios remained unchanged over the tidal cycle (p = 0.659) and did not vary with shore height (p = 0.591). kRNA was significantly higher during emersion and was also higher in low shore limpets (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that P. vulgata increases ks during emersion, an important adaptation in a species that spends a considerable amount of its lifecycle emersed. Intertidal species are highly exposed to increasing air temperatures, making knowledge of physiological responses during emersion critical in understanding and forecasting climate warming impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio A Cienfuegos
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Benjamin J Ciotti
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Richard A Billington
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Paul A Sutton
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Simon G Lamarre
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Keiron P P Fraser
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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2
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Gong S, Liang J, Xu L, Wang Y, Li J, Jin X, Yu K, Zhang Y. Diel transcriptional responses of coral-Symbiodiniaceae holobiont to elevated temperature. Commun Biol 2024; 7:882. [PMID: 39030351 PMCID: PMC11271600 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Coral exhibits diel rhythms in behavior and gene transcription. However, the influence of elevated temperature, a key factor causing coral bleaching, on these rhythms remains poorly understood. To address this, we examined physiological, metabolic, and gene transcription oscillations in the Acropora tenuis-Cladocopium sp. holobiont under constant darkness (DD), light-dark cycle (LD), and LD with elevated temperature (HLD). Under LD, the values of photosystem II efficiency, reactive oxygen species leakage, and lipid peroxidation exhibited significant diel oscillations. These oscillations were further amplified during coral bleaching under HLD. Gene transcription analysis identified 24-hour rhythms for specific genes in both coral and Symbiodiniaceae under LD. Notably, these rhythms were disrupted in coral and shifted in Symbiodiniaceae under HLD. Importantly, we identified over 20 clock or clock-controlled genes in this holobiont. Specifically, we suggested CIPC (CLOCK-interacting pacemaker-like) gene as a core clock gene in coral. We observed that the transcription of two abundant rhythmic genes encoding glycoside hydrolases (CBM21) and heme-binding protein (SOUL) were dysregulated by elevated temperature. These findings indicate that elevated temperatures disrupt diel gene transcription rhythms in the coral-Symbiodiniaceae holobiont, affecting essential symbiosis processes, such as carbohydrate utilization and redox homeostasis. These disruptions may contribute to the thermal bleaching of coral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanqiang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiayuan Liang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lijia Xu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Xuejie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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3
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Helm B, Liedvogel M. Avian migration clocks in a changing world. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2024; 210:691-716. [PMID: 38305877 PMCID: PMC11226503 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-023-01688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Avian long-distance migration requires refined programming to orchestrate the birds' movements on annual temporal and continental spatial scales. Programming is particularly important as long-distance movements typically anticipate future environmental conditions. Hence, migration has long been of particular interest in chronobiology. Captivity studies using a proxy, the shift to nocturnality during migration seasons (i.e., migratory restlessness), have revealed circannual and circadian regulation, as well as an innate sense of direction. Thanks to rapid development of tracking technology, detailed information from free-flying birds, including annual-cycle data and actograms, now allows relating this mechanistic background to behaviour in the wild. Likewise, genomic approaches begin to unravel the many physiological pathways that contribute to migration. Despite these advances, it is still unclear how migration programmes are integrated with specific environmental conditions experienced during the journey. Such knowledge is imminently important as temporal environments undergo rapid anthropogenic modification. Migratory birds as a group are not dealing well with the changes, yet some species show remarkable adjustments at behavioural and genetic levels. Integrated research programmes and interdisciplinary collaborations are needed to understand the range of responses of migratory birds to environmental change, and more broadly, the functioning of timing programmes under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Helm
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Bird Migration Unit, Seerose 1, CH-6204, Sempach, Schweiz.
| | - Miriam Liedvogel
- Institute of Avian Research, An Der Vogelwarte 21, 26386, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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4
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Payton L, Last KS, Grigor J, Noirot C, Hüppe L, Conway DVP, Dannemeyer M, Wilcockson D, Meyer B. Revealing the profound influence of diapause on gene expression: Insights from the annual transcriptome of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17425. [PMID: 38847383 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Annual rhythms are observed in living organisms with numerous ecological implications. In the zooplanktonic copepod Calanus finmarchicus, such rhythms are crucial regarding its phenology, body lipid accumulation, and global carbon storage. Climate change drives annual biological rhythms out of phase with the prevailing environmental conditions with yet unknown but potentially catastrophic consequences. However, the molecular dynamics underlying phenology are still poorly described. In a rhythmic analysis of C. finmarchicus annual gene expression, results reveal that more than 90% of the transcriptome shows significant annual rhythms, with abrupt and dramatic upheaval between the active and diapause life cycle states. This work explores the implication of the circadian clock in the annual timing, which may control epigenetic mechanisms to profoundly modulate gene expression in response to calendar time. Results also suggest an increased light sensitivity during diapause that would ensure the photoperiodic entrainment of the endogenous annual clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Payton
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, F-33120, France
| | - Kim S Last
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, UK
| | - Jordan Grigor
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, UK
| | - Céline Noirot
- Plateforme Bio-Informatique GenoToul, MIAT, INRAE, UR875 Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Lukas Hüppe
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - David V P Conway
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, the Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
| | - Mona Dannemeyer
- Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - David Wilcockson
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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5
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Jackson JA, Stewart A, Cable J. Lunar-linked biological rhythms in the immune system of freshwater three-spined stickleback. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 3:kyae007. [PMID: 38863794 PMCID: PMC11165434 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Immune responses are widely accepted to be under circadian regulation via a molecular clock, with many practical consequences, but much less is known of how other biological rhythms could affect the immune system. In this study, we search for lunar rhythms (circalunar, circasemilunar, and circatidal cycles) in the immune expression of the recently marine-derived freshwater fish, the low-plate morph of the three-spined stickleback. We employed time series of immune expression (mRNA) measurements for 14 immune-associated genes, representing a variety of immunological pathways. Times series measurements were taken on fish populations in the wild, in seminatural outdoor mesocosms, and in the laboratory, according to sampling regimens originally designed to study circannual variation but with the additional potential to provide information about lunar variation. Our evidence best supported the existence of a very small endogenous tidal rhythm. This is consistent with previous suggestions of the existence of a primordial tidal endogenous clock, some elements of which may be conserved in animals evolving outside the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Jackson
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Alexander Stewart
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Joanne Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Timmins-Schiffman E, Maas AE, Khanna R, Blanco-Bercial L, Huang E, Nunn BL. Removal of Exogenous Stimuli Reveals a Canalization of Circadian Physiology in a Vertically Migrating Copepod. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38690632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Diel rhythms are observed across taxa and are important for maintaining synchrony between the environment and organismal physiology. A striking example of this is the diel vertical migration undertaken by zooplankton, some of which, such as the 5 mm-long copepod Pleuromamma xiphias (P. xiphias), migrate hundreds of meters daily between the surface ocean and deeper waters. Some of the molecular pathways that underlie the expressed phenotype at different stages of this migration are entrained by environmental variables (e.g., day length and food availability), while others are regulated by internal clocks. We identified a series of proteomic biomarkers that vary across ocean DVM and applied them to copepods incubated in 24 h of darkness to assess circadian control. The dark-incubated copepods shared some proteomic similarities to the ocean-caught copepods (i.e., increased abundance of carbohydrate metabolism proteins at night). Shipboard-incubated copepods demonstrated a clearer distinction between night and day proteomic profiles, and more proteins were differentially abundant than in the in situ copepods, even in the absence of the photoperiod and other environmental cues. This pattern suggests that there is a canalization of rhythmic diel physiology in P. xiphias that reflects likely circadian clock control over diverse molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Timmins-Schiffman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Amy E Maas
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Arizona State University, St. George's 98C3+8F, Bermuda
| | - Rayhan Khanna
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Leocadio Blanco-Bercial
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Arizona State University, St. George's 98C3+8F, Bermuda
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Just-Evotec Biologics, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Brook L Nunn
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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7
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Yokomizo T, Takahashi Y. Plasticity of circadian and circatidal rhythms in activity and transcriptomic dynamics in a freshwater snail. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 132:267-274. [PMID: 38538720 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms have diverse biological clocks synchronised with environmental cycles depending on their habitats. Anticipation of tidal changes has driven the evolution of circatidal rhythms in some marine species. In the freshwater snail, Semisulcospira reiniana, individuals in nontidal areas exhibit circadian rhythms, whereas those in tidal areas exhibit both circadian and circatidal rhythms. We investigated whether the circatidal rhythms are genetically determined or induced by environmental cycles. The exposure to a simulated tidal cycle did not change the intensity of circatidal rhythm in individuals in the nontidal population. However, snails in the tidal population showed different activity rhythms depending on the presence or absence of the exposure. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes with circatidal oscillation increased due to entrainment to the tidal cycle in both populations and dominant rhythmicity was consistent with the environmental cycle. These results suggest plasticity in the endogenous rhythm in the gene expression in both populations. Note that circatidal oscillating genes were more abundant in the tidal population than in the nontidal population, suggesting that a greater number of genes are associated with circatidal clocks in the tidal population compared to the nontidal population. This increase of circatidal clock-controlled genes in the tidal population could be caused by genetic changes in the biological clock or the experience of tidal cycle in the early life stage. Our findings suggest that the plasticity of biological rhythms may have contributed to the adaptation to the tidal environment in S. reiniana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yokomizo
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yuma Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
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Del Olmo M, Legewie S, Brunner M, Höfer T, Kramer A, Blüthgen N, Herzel H. Network switches and their role in circadian clocks. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107220. [PMID: 38522517 PMCID: PMC11044057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by complex interactions among genes and proteins. Self-sustained ∼24 h oscillations require negative feedback loops and sufficiently strong nonlinearities that are the product of molecular and network switches. Here, we review common mechanisms to obtain switch-like behavior, including cooperativity, antagonistic enzymes, multisite phosphorylation, positive feedback, and sequestration. We discuss how network switches play a crucial role as essential components in cellular circadian clocks, serving as integral parts of transcription-translation feedback loops that form the basis of circadian rhythm generation. The design principles of network switches and circadian clocks are illustrated by representative mathematical models that include bistable systems and negative feedback loops combined with Hill functions. This work underscores the importance of negative feedback loops and network switches as essential design principles for biological oscillations, emphasizing how an understanding of theoretical concepts can provide insights into the mechanisms generating biological rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Del Olmo
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefan Legewie
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute for Biomedical Genetics (IBMG), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; Stuttgart Research Center for Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Brunner
- Biochemistry Center, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Häfker NS, Holcik L, Mat AM, Ćorić A, Vadiwala K, Beets I, Stockinger AW, Atria CE, Hammer S, Revilla-i-Domingo R, Schoofs L, Raible F, Tessmar-Raible K. Molecular circadian rhythms are robust in marine annelids lacking rhythmic behavior. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002572. [PMID: 38603542 PMCID: PMC11008795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock controls behavior and metabolism in various organisms. However, the exact timing and strength of rhythmic phenotypes can vary significantly between individuals of the same species. This is highly relevant for rhythmically complex marine environments where organismal rhythmic diversity likely permits the occupation of different microenvironments. When investigating circadian locomotor behavior of Platynereis dumerilii, a model system for marine molecular chronobiology, we found strain-specific, high variability between individual worms. The individual patterns were maintained for several weeks. A diel head transcriptome comparison of behaviorally rhythmic versus arrhythmic wild-type worms showed that 24-h cycling of core circadian clock transcripts is identical between both behavioral phenotypes. While behaviorally arrhythmic worms showed a similar total number of cycling transcripts compared to their behaviorally rhythmic counterparts, the annotation categories of their transcripts, however, differed substantially. Consistent with their locomotor phenotype, behaviorally rhythmic worms exhibit an enrichment of cycling transcripts related to neuronal/behavioral processes. In contrast, behaviorally arrhythmic worms showed significantly increased diel cycling for metabolism- and physiology-related transcripts. The prominent role of the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) in Drosophila circadian behavior prompted us to test for a possible functional involvement of Platynereis pdf. Differing from its role in Drosophila, loss of pdf impacts overall activity levels but shows only indirect effects on rhythmicity. Our results show that individuals arrhythmic in a given process can show increased rhythmicity in others. Across the Platynereis population, rhythmic phenotypes exist as a continuum, with no distinct "boundaries" between rhythmicity and arrhythmicity. We suggest that such diel rhythm breadth is an important biodiversity resource enabling the species to quickly adapt to heterogeneous or changing marine environments. In times of massive sequencing, our work also emphasizes the importance of time series and functional tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Sören Häfker
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Laurenz Holcik
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Audrey M. Mat
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aida Ćorić
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karim Vadiwala
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Beets
- Division of animal Physiology and Neurobiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander W. Stockinger
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolina E. Atria
- Department of Neuro- and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform Single-Cell Regulation of Stem Cells, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hammer
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roger Revilla-i-Domingo
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neuro- and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform Single-Cell Regulation of Stem Cells, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Division of animal Physiology and Neurobiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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10
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Helm B, Greives T, Zeman M. Endocrine-circadian interactions in birds: implications when nights are no longer dark. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220514. [PMID: 38310930 PMCID: PMC10838642 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological clocks are evolved time-keeping systems by which organisms rhythmically coordinate physiology within the body, and align it with rhythms in their environment. Clocks are highly sensitive to light and are at the interface of several major endocrine pathways. Worryingly, exposure to artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) is rapidly increasing in ever more extensive parts of the world, with likely impact on wild organisms mediated by endocrine-circadian pathways. In this overview, we first give a broad-brush introduction to biological rhythms. Then, we outline interactions between the avian clock, endocrine pathways, and environmental and internal modifiers. The main focus of this review is on the circadian hormone, melatonin. We summarize information from avian field and laboratory studies on melatonin and its relationships with behaviour and physiology, including often neglected developmental aspects. When exposed to ALAN, birds are highly vulnerable to disruption of behavioural rhythms and of physiological systems under rhythmic control. Several studies suggest that melatonin is likely a key mediator for a broad range of effects. We encourage further observational and experimental studies of ALAN impact on melatonin, across the full functional range of this versatile signalling molecule, as well as on other candidate compounds at the endocrine-circadian interface. This article is part of the theme issue 'Endocrine responses to environmental variation: conceptual approaches and recent developments'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Helm
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Bird Migration Unit, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Greives
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava SK 84215, Slovakia
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11
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Hiroki S, Yoshitane H. Ror homolog nhr-23 is essential for both developmental clock and circadian clock in C. elegans. Commun Biol 2024; 7:243. [PMID: 38418700 PMCID: PMC10902330 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals have internal clocks that generate biological rhythms. In mammals, clock genes such as Period form the circadian clock to generate approximately 24-h biological rhythms. In C. elegans, the clock gene homologs constitute the "developmental clock", which has an 8-h period during larval development to determine the timing of molting. Thus, the ancestral circadian clock has been believed to evolve into the oscillator with a shorter period in C. elegans. However, circadian rhythms have also been observed in adult C. elegans, albeit relatively weak. This prompts the question: if the clock gene homologs drive the developmental rhythm with 8-h period, which genes generate the circadian rhythms in C. elegans? In this study, we discovered that nhr-23, a homolog of the mammalian circadian clock gene Ror, is essential for circadian transcriptional rhythms in adult C. elegans. Interestingly, nhr-23 was also known to be essential for the molting clock. The bilaterian ancestral circadian clock genes might have evolved to function over multiple periods depending on developmental contexts rather than a single 8-h period in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hiroki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hikari Yoshitane
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Mat A, Vu HH, Wolf E, Tessmar-Raible K. All Light, Everywhere? Photoreceptors at Nonconventional Sites. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 37905983 PMCID: PMC11283901 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00017.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest environmental alterations we have made to our species is the change in the exposure to light. During the day, we typically sit behind glass windows illuminated by artificial light that is >400 times dimmer and has a very different spectrum than natural daylight. On the opposite end are the nights that are now lit up by several orders of magnitude. This review aims to provide food for thought as to why this matters for humans and other animals. Evidence from behavioral neuroscience, physiology, chronobiology, and molecular biology is increasingly converging on the conclusions that the biological nonvisual functions of light and photosensory molecules are highly complex. The initial work of von Frisch on extraocular photoreceptors in fish, the identification of rhodopsins as the molecular light receptors in animal eyes and eye-like structures and cryptochromes as light sensors in nonmammalian chronobiology, still allowed for the impression that light reception would be a relatively restricted, localized sense in most animals. However, light-sensitive processes and/or sensory proteins have now been localized to many different cell types and tissues. It might be necessary to consider nonlight-responding cells as the exception, rather than the rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mat
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- VIPS2, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hong Ha Vu
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
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13
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Wierzbicki A, Wolfgring E, Wagreich M, Kędzierski M, Mertz-Kraus R. Astronomically controlled deep-sea life in the Late Cretaceous reconstructed from ultra-high-resolution inoceramid shell archives. GEOBIOLOGY 2023; 21:474-490. [PMID: 36757065 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The periodicity of the mutual position of celestial bodies in the Earth-Moon-Sun system is crucial to the functioning of life on Earth. Biological rhythms affect most of the processes inside organisms, and some can be recorded in skeletal remains, allowing one to reconstruct the cycles that occur in nature deep in time. In the present study, we have used ultra-high-resolution elemental ratio scans of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/Ca from the fossil, ca. 70 Ma old inoceramid bivalve Inoceramus (Platyceramus) salisburgensis from deep aphotic water and identified a clear regularity of repetition of the geochemical signal every of ~0.006 mm. We estimate that the shell accretion rate is on average ~0.4 cm of shell thickness per lunar year. Visible light-dark lamination, interpreted as a seasonal signal corresponding to the semilunar-related cycle, gives a rough shell age estimate and growth rate for this large bivalve species supported by a dual feeding strategy. We recognize a biological clock that follows either a semilunar (model A) or a tidal (model B) cycle. This cycle of tidal dominance seems to fit better considering the biological behaviour of I. (P.) salisburgensis, including the estimated age and growth rate of the studied specimens. We interpret that the major control in such deep-sea environment, well below the photic zone and storm wave base, was due to barotropic tidal forces, thus changing the water pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wierzbicki
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Erik Wolfgring
- Department of Earth Sciences "Ardito Desio", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Geology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mariusz Kędzierski
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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14
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Zhao Z, Yu Y, Wang H, Huang X, Ding P, Sun Y, Ding J, Chang Y, Zhao C. Effects of circadian rhythm on behavior and physiology of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 189:106069. [PMID: 37385087 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the behavioral and physiological responses to the circadian rhythm in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. We found that righting behavior of sea cucumbers was significantly faster at night than that in daytime (P < 0.001). We thus suggest aqua-farmers carry out seeding at night in stock enhancement. The number of tentacle swings was significantly higher at night than that in daytime (P = 0.005). Thus, we suggest aqua-farmers provide diets before the peak of sea cucumber feeding at night. There was no significant difference in foraging behavior and defecation behavior during the day and at night. This indicates that not all behaviors have different characteristics in circadian rhythm. In addition, we found that cortisol concentration was significantly higher at night than that in daytime (P = 0.021). This suggests that sea cucumbers are probably more prone to be stressed at night. However, there was no significant difference in 5-HT and melatonin during the day and at night, suggesting that 5-HT and melatonin are probably not affected by circadian rhythm. The present study clarifies the behavioral and physiological responses to circadian rhythm and provides valuable information into sea cucumber aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yushi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yingzhuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Chong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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15
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Komoto H, Lin CH, Nozawa Y, Satake A. An External Coincidence Model for the Lunar Cycle Reveals Circadian Phase-Dependent Moonlight Effects on Coral Spawning. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:148-158. [PMID: 36461677 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221135916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Many marine organisms synchronously spawn at specific times to ensure the success of external fertilization in the ocean. Corals are famous examples of synchronized spawning at specific lunar phases, and two distinct spawning patterns have been observed in two dominant taxa: merulinid corals spawn at regular lunar phases, several days after the full moon, whereas Acropora corals spawn at more irregular lunar phases around the full moon. Although it has been suggested that the two coral taxa have different responses to moonlight and seawater temperature, their spawning times have never been analyzed by integrating the two environmental factors, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of spawning. In this study, we developed a new predictive model of coral spawning days by integrating moonlight and temperature effects based on the external coincidence model for the lunar cycle. We performed model fitting using a 10-year monitoring record of coral spawning time in Taiwan. Our model successfully demonstrated the synergistic effects of moonlight and temperature on coral spawning time (days) and provided two testable hypotheses to explain the different spawning patterns regarding the preparation (maturation) process for spawning and the sensitivity to moonlight at different circadian phases: (1) Acropora corals may have an earlier onset and longer period of preparation for spawning than merulinid corals; and (2) merulinid corals may use moonlight signals near sunset, while Acropora corals may have a similar onset at approximately midnight. This is the first study to indicate the difference in circadian phase-dependent moonlight sensitivities between coral taxa, providing a basis for underlying coral spawning mechanisms for rhythmic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Komoto
- Graduate School of Systems Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Che-Hung Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Nozawa
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Häfker NS, Andreatta G, Manzotti A, Falciatore A, Raible F, Tessmar-Raible K. Rhythms and Clocks in Marine Organisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2023; 15:509-538. [PMID: 36028229 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-030422-113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The regular movements of waves and tides are obvious representations of the oceans' rhythmicity. But the rhythms of marine life span across ecological niches and timescales, including short (in the range of hours) and long (in the range of days and months) periods. These rhythms regulate the physiology and behavior of individuals, as well as their interactions with each other and with the environment. This review highlights examples of rhythmicity in marine animals and algae that represent important groups of marine life across different habitats. The examples cover ecologically highly relevant species and a growing number of laboratory model systems that are used to disentangle key mechanistic principles. The review introduces fundamental concepts of chronobiology, such as the distinction between rhythmic and endogenous oscillator-driven processes. It also addresses the relevance of studying diverse rhythms and oscillators, as well as their interconnection, for making better predictions of how species will respond to environmental perturbations, including climate change. As the review aims to address scientists from the diverse fields of marine biology, ecology, and molecular chronobiology, all of which have their own scientific terms, we provide definitions of key terms throughout the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sören Häfker
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria; ,
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life," University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Andreatta
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria; ,
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life," University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandro Manzotti
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière chez les Microalgues, UMR 7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France;
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière chez les Microalgues, UMR 7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France;
| | - Florian Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria; ,
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life," University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria; ,
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life," University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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17
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Wu R, Rao R, Zhang X, Shen H. Expression of mapk1 and egr1 genes in Onchidium reevesii under tidal stimulation. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Yokomizo T, Takahashi Y. Endogenous rhythm variation and adaptation to the tidal environment in the freshwater snail, Semisulcospira reiniana. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1078234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms have endogenous timekeeping system(s) to coordinate their biological processes with environmental cycles, allowing adaptation to external rhythmic changes in their environment. The change in endogenous rhythms could contribute to range expansion in a novel rhythmic environment. We hypothesized that populations of the freshwater snail near estuaries show a circatidal rhythm to synchronize with the tidal cycle. We compared the behavioral and gene expression rhythms between non-tidal and tidal populations of the freshwater snail, Semisulcospira reiniana. Individuals inhabiting tidal areas exhibited a rhythmic activity pattern coordinated with the tidal cycle under both field and laboratory conditions, but individuals inhabiting upstream non-tidal areas showed a circadian activity pattern. The proportion of circadian oscillating genes was greater in non-tidal than in tidal individuals, while that of circatidal oscillating genes was greater in tidal than in non-tidal individuals. Additionally, transcriptome-wide population genetic analyses revealed that these two adjacent populations can be clearly distinguished genetically, though the genetic distance was very small. Our results provide evidence of the shift in an endogenous rhythm via range expansion to a novel rhythmic environment. The changes in a small number of genes and/or phenotypic plasticity may contribute to the difference in the endogenous rhythms between non-tidal and tidal populations.
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19
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Patnaik A, Alavilli H, Rath J, Panigrahi KCS, Panigrahy M. Variations in Circadian Clock Organization & Function: A Journey from Ancient to Recent. PLANTA 2022; 256:91. [PMID: 36173529 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clock components exhibit structural variations in different plant systems, and functional variations during various abiotic stresses. These variations bear relevance for plant fitness and could be important evolutionarily. All organisms on earth have the innate ability to measure time as diurnal rhythms that occur due to the earth's rotations in a 24-h cycle. Circadian oscillations arising from the circadian clock abide by its fundamental properties of periodicity, entrainment, temperature compensation, and oscillator mechanism, which is central to its function. Despite the fact that a myriad of research in Arabidopsis thaliana illuminated many detailed aspects of the circadian clock, many more variations in clock components' organizations and functions remain to get deciphered. These variations are crucial for sustainability and adaptation in different plant systems in the varied environmental conditions in which they grow. Together with these variations, circadian clock functions differ drastically even during various abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The present review discusses variations in the organization of clock components and their role in different plant systems and abiotic stresses. We briefly introduce the clock components, entrainment, and rhythmicity, followed by the variants of the circadian clock in different plant types, starting from lower non-flowering plants, marine plants, dicots to the monocot crop plants. Furthermore, we discuss the interaction of the circadian clock with components of various abiotic stress pathways, such as temperature, light, water stress, salinity, and nutrient deficiency with implications for the reprogramming during these stresses. We also update on recent advances in clock regulations due to post-transcriptional, post-translation, non-coding, and micro-RNAs. Finally, we end this review by summarizing the points of applicability, a remark on the future perspectives, and the experiments that could clear major enigmas in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Patnaik
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jnanendra Rath
- Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati Central University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Kishore C S Panigrahi
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Madhusmita Panigrahy
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India.
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20
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Rinsky M, Weizman E, Ben-Asher HW, Eyal G, Zhu B, Levy O. Temporal gene expression patterns in the coral Euphyllia paradivisa reveal the complexity of biological clocks in the cnidarian-algal symbiosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6467. [PMID: 36112690 PMCID: PMC9481131 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Studying chronobiology in reef-building corals is challenging due to the tightly coupled symbiosis with their photosynthetic algae, Symbiodiniaceae. Although symbiosis requires metabolic synchronization and coordination of cellular processes in the holobiont, the cross-talk between the host and symbiont's clocks is still puzzling. Here, we use the mesophotic coral Euphyllia paradivisa to examine temporal gene expression patterns in symbiotic and aposymbiotic morphs exposed to natural light/dark cycles and constant darkness. Our comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed circadian and circatidal cycles of gene expression with a predominant diel pattern in both coral morphs. We found a substantial number of transcripts consistently rhythmic under both light conditions, including genes likely involved in the cnidarians' circadian clock, thus indicating that an endogenous clock, which can oscillate independently from the Symbiodiniaceae clock, exists in E. paradivisa. The analysis further manifests the remarkable impacts of symbiosis on transcriptional rhythms and implies that the algae's presence influences the host's biorhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieka Rinsky
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Eviatar Weizman
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Hiba Waldman Ben-Asher
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Gal Eyal
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Oren Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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21
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Poehn B, Krishnan S, Zurl M, Coric A, Rokvic D, Häfker NS, Jaenicke E, Arboleda E, Orel L, Raible F, Wolf E, Tessmar-Raible K. A Cryptochrome adopts distinct moon- and sunlight states and functions as sun- versus moonlight interpreter in monthly oscillator entrainment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5220. [PMID: 36064778 PMCID: PMC9445029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The moon's monthly cycle synchronizes reproduction in countless marine organisms. The mass-spawning bristle worm Platynereis dumerilii uses an endogenous monthly oscillator set by full moon to phase reproduction to specific days. But how do organisms recognize specific moon phases? We uncover that the light receptor L-Cryptochrome (L-Cry) discriminates between different moonlight durations, as well as between sun- and moonlight. A biochemical characterization of purified L-Cry protein, exposed to naturalistic sun- or moonlight, reveals the formation of distinct sun- and moonlight states characterized by different photoreduction- and recovery kinetics of L-Cry's co-factor Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide. In Platynereis, L-Cry's sun- versus moonlight states correlate with distinct subcellular localizations, indicating different signaling. In contrast, r-Opsin1, the most abundant ocular opsin, is not required for monthly oscillator entrainment. Our work reveals a photo-ecological concept for natural light interpretation involving a "valence interpreter" that provides entraining photoreceptor(s) with light source and moon phase information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Poehn
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shruthi Krishnan
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (IMP), Johannes Gutenberg-University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Zurl
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aida Coric
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dunja Rokvic
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Sören Häfker
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elmar Jaenicke
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (IMP), Johannes Gutenberg-University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Enrique Arboleda
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 32 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Lukas Orel
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (IMP), Johannes Gutenberg-University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030, Vienna, Austria.
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
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22
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Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against A. salmonicida: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in Oncorhynchus mykiss. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020174. [PMID: 35205041 PMCID: PMC8869240 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In poikilothermic vertebrates, seasonality influences different immunological parameters such as leukocyte numbers, phagocytic activity, and antibody titers. This phenomenon has been described in different teleost species, with immunological parameters peaking during warmer months and decreased levels during winter. In this study, the cellular immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kept under constant photoperiod and water temperature against intraperitoneally injected Aeromonas salmonicida during the summer and winter were investigated. The kinetics of different leukocyte subpopulations from peritoneal cavity, spleen, and head kidney in response to the bacteria was measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the kinetics of induced A. salmonicida-specific antibodies was evaluated by ELISA. Despite maintaining the photoperiod and water temperature as constant, different cell baselines were detected in all organs analyzed. During the winter months, B- and T-cell responses were decreased, contrary to what was observed during summer months. However, the specific antibody titers were similar between the two seasons. Natural antibodies, however, were greatly increased 12 h post-injection only during the wintertime. Altogether, our results suggest a bias toward innate immune responses and potential lymphoid immunosuppression in the wintertime in trout. These seasonal differences, despite photoperiod and water temperature being kept constant, suggest an internal inter-seasonal or circannual clock controlling the immune system and physiology of this teleost fish.
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23
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Berg P, Huettel M, Glud RN, Reimers CE, Attard KM. Aquatic Eddy Covariance: The Method and Its Contributions to Defining Oxygen and Carbon Fluxes in Marine Environments. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2022; 14:431-455. [PMID: 34587456 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-042121-012329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic eddy covariance (AEC) is increasingly being used to study benthic oxygen (O2) flux dynamics, organic carbon cycling, and ecosystem health in marine and freshwater environments. Because it is a noninvasive technique, has a high temporal resolution (∼15 min), and integrates over a large area of the seafloor (typically 10-100 m2), it has provided new insights on the functioning of aquatic ecosystems under naturally varying in situ conditions and has given us more accurate assessments of their metabolism. In this review, we summarize biogeochemical, ecological, and biological insightsgained from AEC studies of marine ecosystems. A general finding for all substrates is that benthic O2 exchange is far more dynamic than earlier recognized, and thus accurate mean values can only be obtained from measurements that integrate over all timescales that affect the local O2 exchange. Finally, we highlight new developments of the technique, including measurements of air-water gas exchange and long-term deployments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Berg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
| | - Markus Huettel
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA;
| | - Ronnie N Glud
- Danish Center for Hadal Research (HADAL), Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE), Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), and Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; ,
- Department of Ocean and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Clare E Reimers
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA;
| | - Karl M Attard
- Danish Center for Hadal Research (HADAL), Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE), Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), and Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; ,
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24
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Cohen JH, Last KS, Charpentier CL, Cottier F, Daase M, Hobbs L, Johnsen G, Berge J. Photophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001413. [PMID: 34665816 PMCID: PMC8525745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light plays a fundamental role in the ecology of organisms in nearly all habitats on Earth and is central for processes such as vision and the entrainment of the circadian clock. The poles represent extreme light regimes with an annual light cycle including periods of Midnight Sun and Polar Night. The Arctic Ocean extends to the North Pole, and marine light extremes reach their maximum extent in this habitat. During the Polar Night, traditional definitions of day and night and seasonal photoperiod become irrelevant since there are only "twilight" periods defined by the sun's elevation below the horizon at midday; we term this "midday twilight." Here, we characterize light across a latitudinal gradient (76.5° N to 81° N) during Polar Night in January. Our light measurements demonstrate that the classical solar diel light cycle dominant at lower latitudes is modulated during Arctic Polar Night by lunar and auroral components. We therefore question whether this particular ambient light environment is relevant to behavioral and visual processes. We reveal from acoustic field observations that the zooplankton community is undergoing diel vertical migration (DVM) behavior. Furthermore, using electroretinogram (ERG) recording under constant darkness, we show that the main migratory species, Arctic krill (Thysanoessa inermis) show endogenous increases in visual sensitivity during the subjective night. This change in sensitivity is comparable to that under exogenous dim light acclimations, although differences in speed of vision suggest separate mechanisms. We conclude that the extremely weak midday twilight experienced by krill at high latitudes during the darkest parts of the year has physiological and ecological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Cohen
- School of Marine Science & Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kim S. Last
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom
| | - Corie L. Charpentier
- Department of Biology, Stetson University, DeLand, Florida, United States of America
| | - Finlo Cottier
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom
- UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Malin Daase
- UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Hobbs
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Geir Johnsen
- University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
- Centre of Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørgen Berge
- UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Tromsø, Norway
- University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
- Centre of Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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25
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Elowe C, Tomanek L. Circadian and circatidal rhythms of protein abundance in the California mussel (Mytilus californianus). Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5151-5163. [PMID: 34390513 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coastal habitats fluctuate with the 12.4 h tidal and 24 h light/dark cycle to predictably alter conditions such as air exposure, temperature, and food availability. Intertidal sessile bivalves exhibit behavioral and physiological adjustments to minimize the challenges of this environment. We investigated a high-resolution time course of the changes in protein abundance in the gill tissue of the intertidal mussel Mytilus californianus in a simulated tidal environment of 12:12 h light:dark cycles and a matching 6:6 h high:low tide cycle within each 12 h period. Approximately 38% of detected proteins showed significant rhythms in their abundances, with diversity in the phases of rhythmic isoforms. The circadian rhythm was dominant in protein abundance changes, particularly with oxidative metabolism. A tidal cycle elicited changes within functional groups, including in cytoskeletal proteins, chaperones, and oxidative stress proteins. In addition to protein abundance changes, we found the possibility for post-translational modifications driving rhythms, including methylation, mitochondrial peptide processing (proteolysis), and acylation. Dynamic changes in the proteome across functional categories demonstrate the importance of the tidal environment in entraining cellular processes, confirming that differential expression studies should not assume a static baseline of cellular conditions in intertidal organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Elowe
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Biological Sciences Environmental Proteomics Laboratory, Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Lars Tomanek
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Biological Sciences Environmental Proteomics Laboratory, Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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26
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Moonrise timing is key for synchronized spawning in coral Dipsastraea speciosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101985118. [PMID: 34373318 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101985118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronized mass coral spawning typically occurs several days after a full moon once a year. It is expected that spawning day is determined by corals sensing environmental change regulated by the lunar cycle (i.e., tide or moonlight); however, the exact regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate how moonlight influences the spawning process of coral, Dipsastraea speciosa When corals in the field were shaded 1 and 3 d before the full moon or 1 d after the full moon, spawning always occurred 5 d after shading commenced. These results suggest moonlight suppresses spawning: a hypothesis supported by laboratory experiments in which we monitored the effects of experimental moonlight (night-light) on spawning day. Different night-light treatments in the laboratory showed that the presence of a dark period between day-light and night-light conditions eliminates the suppressive effect of night-light on spawning. In nature, moonrise gets progressively later during the course of the lunar cycle, shifting to after sunset following the day of the full moon. Our results indicate that this period of darkness between sunset and moonrise triggers synchronized mass spawning of D. speciosa in nature.
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27
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Nancollas SJ, McGaw IJ. Acclimation to tidal conditions alters the physiological responses of the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas, to subsequent emersion. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:271088. [PMID: 34323277 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Animals inhabiting the intertidal zone are exposed to abrupt changes in environmental conditions associated with the rise and fall of the tide. For convenience, the majority of laboratory studies on intertidal organisms have acclimated individuals to permanently submerged conditions in seawater tanks. In this study, green shore crabs, Carcinus maenas, were acclimated to either a simulated tidal regime of continuous emersion-immersion ('tidal') or to permanently submerged conditions ('non-tidal') to assess their physiological responses to subsequent emersion. Tidal crabs exhibited an endogenous rhythm of oxygen consumption during continuous submersion with lower oxygen consumption during periods of anticipated emersion, which was not detected in non-tidal crabs. During emersion, tidal crabs were able to buffer apparent changes in acid-base balance and exhibited no change in venous pH, whereas non-tidal crabs developed an acidosis associated with a rise in lactate levels. These results indicate that tidal crabs were better able to sustain aerobic metabolism and had lower metabolic costs during emersion than non-tidal crabs. It is likely that the elevated levels of haemocyanin exhibited by tidal crabs allowed them to maintain oxygen transport and buffer pH changes during emersion. This suggests that acclimation of C. maenas to submerged conditions results in a loss of important physiological mechanisms that enable it to tolerate emersion. The results of this study show that caution must be taken when acclimating intertidal organisms to submerged conditions in the laboratory, as it may abolish important physiological responses and adaptations that are critical to their performance when exposed to air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Nancollas
- Department of Ocean Sciences, 0 Marine Lab Road, Memorial University, St John's, NL, Canada, A1C 5S7
| | - Iain J McGaw
- Department of Ocean Sciences, 0 Marine Lab Road, Memorial University, St John's, NL, Canada, A1C 5S7
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28
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Kaiser TS, Neumann J. Circalunar clocks-Old experiments for a new era. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100074. [PMID: 34050958 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Circalunar clocks, which allow organisms to time reproduction to lunar phase, have been experimentally proven but are still not understood at the molecular level. Currently, a new generation of researchers with new tools is setting out to fill this gap. Our essay provides an overview of classic experiments on circalunar clocks. From the unpublished work of the late D. Neumann we also present a novel phase response curve for a circalunar clock. These experiments highlight avenues for molecular work and call for rigor in setting up and analyzing the logistically complex experiments on circalunar clocks. Re-evaluating classic experiments, we propose that (1) circalunar clocks in different organisms will have divergent mechanisms and physiological bases, (2) they may have properties very different from the well-studied circadian clocks and (3) they may have close mechanistic and molecular relations to seasonal rhythms and diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias S Kaiser
- Max Planck Research Group "Biological Clocks", Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Jule Neumann
- Max Planck Research Group "Biological Clocks", Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
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29
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Veedin Rajan VB, Häfker NS, Arboleda E, Poehn B, Gossenreiter T, Gerrard E, Hofbauer M, Mühlestein C, Bileck A, Gerner C, Ribera d'Alcala M, Buia MC, Hartl M, Lucas RJ, Tessmar-Raible K. Seasonal variation in UVA light drives hormonal and behavioural changes in a marine annelid via a ciliary opsin. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:204-218. [PMID: 33432133 PMCID: PMC7611595 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The right timing of animal physiology and behaviour ensures the stability of populations and ecosystems. To predict anthropogenic impacts on these timings, more insight is needed into the interplay between environment and molecular timing mechanisms. This is particularly true in marine environments. Using high-resolution, long-term daylight measurements from a habitat of the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii, we found that temporal changes in ultraviolet A (UVA)/deep violet intensities, more than longer wavelengths, can provide annual time information, which differs from annual changes in the photoperiod. We developed experimental set-ups that resemble natural daylight illumination conditions, and automated, quantifiable behavioural tracking. Experimental reduction of UVA/deep violet light (approximately 370-430 nm) under a long photoperiod (16 h light and 8 h dark) significantly decreased locomotor activities, comparable to the decrease caused by a short photoperiod (8 h light and 16 h dark). In contrast, altering UVA/deep violet light intensities did not cause differences in locomotor levels under a short photoperiod. This modulation of locomotion by UVA/deep violet light under a long photoperiod requires c-opsin1, a UVA/deep violet sensor employing Gi signalling. C-opsin1 also regulates the levels of rate-limiting enzymes for monogenic amine synthesis and of several neurohormones, including pigment-dispersing factor, vasotocin (vasopressin/oxytocin) and neuropeptide Y. Our analyses indicate a complex inteplay between UVA/deep violet light intensities and photoperiod as indicators of annual time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Babu Veedin Rajan
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform 'Rhythms of Life', Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Sören Häfker
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform 'Rhythms of Life', Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Enrique Arboleda
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform 'Rhythms of Life', Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Birgit Poehn
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform 'Rhythms of Life', Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Elliot Gerrard
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maximillian Hofbauer
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform 'Rhythms of Life', Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- loopbio, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Markus Hartl
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert J Lucas
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Platform 'Rhythms of Life', Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Hikosaka-Katayama T, Watanuki N, Niiho S, Hikosaka A. Geographical Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Praesagittifera naikaiensis (Acoelomorpha) in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Zoolog Sci 2021; 37:314-322. [PMID: 32729709 DOI: 10.2108/zs190119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acoel flatworms are simple bilaterians that lack digestive lumens and coelomic cavities. Although they are a significant taxon for evaluating the evolution of metazoans, suitable species for biological experiments are not available in Japan. We recently focused on Praesagittifera naikaiensis, which inhabits the sandy shores of intertidal zones in the Seto Inland Sea in Japan, as a candidate for a representative acoel species to be used in experiments. However, reports on its distribution range remain limited. Here, we surveyed the habitats of P. naikaiensis on 108 beaches along the Seto Inland Sea. Praesagittifera naikaiensis is reported here from 37 sites (six previously known and 31 newly discovered sites) spread over a wide area of the Seto Inland Sea, from Awaji Island in Hyogo Prefecture to Fukuoka Prefecture (364 km direct distance). Based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene haplotypes, we evaluated the genetic diversity of 145 individuals collected from 33 sites. Out of 42 COI haplotypes, 13 haplotypes were shared by multiple individuals. The most frequent haplotype was observed in 67 individuals collected from 31 sites. Eight other haplotypes were detected at geographically distant locations (maximum of 299 km direct distance). Multiple haplotypes were found at 32 sites. These results demonstrate that sufficient genetic flow exists among P. naikaiensis populations throughout the Seto Inland Sea. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the COI haplotypes of P. naikaiensis revealed that all specimens were grouped into one clade. The genetic homogeneity of the animals in this area favors their use as an experimental animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Hikosaka-Katayama
- Center for Gene Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Nanami Watanuki
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Saki Niiho
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Akira Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan,
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31
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Widely rhythmic transcriptome in Calanus finmarchicus during the high Arctic summer solstice period. iScience 2021; 24:101927. [PMID: 33385120 PMCID: PMC7770977 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar light/dark cycles and seasonal photoperiods underpin daily and annual rhythms of life on Earth. Yet, the Arctic is characterized by several months of permanent illumination ("midnight sun"). To determine the persistence of 24h rhythms during the midnight sun, we investigated transcriptomic dynamics in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus during the summer solstice period in the Arctic, with the lowest diel oscillation and the highest altitude of the sun's position. Here we reveal that in these extreme photic conditions, a widely rhythmic daily transcriptome exists, showing that very weak solar cues are sufficient to entrain organisms. Furthermore, at extremely high latitudes and under sea-ice, gene oscillations become re-organized to include <24h rhythms. Environmental synchronization may therefore be modulated to include non-photic signals (i.e. tidal cycles). The ability of zooplankton to be synchronized by extremely weak diel and potentially tidal cycles, may confer an adaptive temporal reorganization of biological processes at high latitudes.
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32
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Kappeler PM. Orientation in Time and Space. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82879-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Piccolin F, Pitzschler L, Biscontin A, Kawaguchi S, Meyer B. Circadian regulation of diel vertical migration (DVM) and metabolism in Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16796. [PMID: 33033314 PMCID: PMC7546626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are high latitude pelagic organisms which play a key ecological role in the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean. To synchronize their daily and seasonal life-traits with their highly rhythmic environment, krill rely on the implementation of rhythmic strategies which might be regulated by a circadian clock. A recent analysis of krill circadian transcriptome revealed that their clock might be characterized by an endogenous free-running period of about 12-15 h. Using krill exposed to simulated light/dark cycles (LD) and constant darkness (DD), we investigated the circadian regulation of krill diel vertical migration (DVM) and oxygen consumption, together with daily patterns of clock gene expression in brain and eyestalk tissue. In LD, we found clear 24 h rhythms of DVM and oxygen consumption, suggesting a synchronization with photoperiod. In DD, the DVM rhythm shifted to a 12 h period, while the peak of oxygen consumption displayed a temporal advance during the subjective light phase. This suggested that in free-running conditions the periodicity of these clock-regulated output functions might reflect the shortening of the endogenous period observed at the transcriptional level. Moreover, differences in the expression patterns of clock gene in brain and eyestalk, in LD and DD, suggested the presence in krill of a multiple oscillator system. Evidence of short periodicities in krill behavior and physiology further supports the hypothesis that a short endogenous period might represent a circadian adaption to cope with extreme seasonal photoperiodic variability at high latitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Piccolin
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Lisa Pitzschler
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Alberto Biscontin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - So Kawaguchi
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, 203 Channel Hwy, Kingston, TAS, 7050, Australia
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany. .,Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany. .,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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34
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Perrigault M, Andrade H, Bellec L, Ballantine C, Camus L, Tran D. Rhythms during the polar night: evidence of clock-gene oscillations in the Arctic scallop Chlamys islandica. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201001. [PMID: 32811311 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arctic regions are highly impacted by climate change and are characterized by drastic seasonal changes in light intensity and duration with extended periods of permanent light or darkness. Organisms use cyclic variations in light to synchronize daily and seasonal biological rhythms to anticipate cyclic variations in the environment, to control phenology and to maintain fitness. In this study, we investigated the diel biological rhythms of the Arctic scallop, Chlamys islandica, during the autumnal equinox and polar night. Putative circadian clock genes and putative light perception genes were identified in the Arctic scallop. Clock gene expression oscillated in the three tissues studied (gills, muscle, mantle edge). The oscillation of some genes in some tissues shifted from daily to tidal periodicity between the equinox and polar night periods and was associated with valve behaviour. These results are the first evidence of the persistence of clock gene expression oscillations during the polar night and might suggest that functional clockwork could entrain rhythmic behaviours in polar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Perrigault
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France.,CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | | | - Laure Bellec
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France.,CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | | | - Lionel Camus
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Damien Tran
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France.,CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France
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35
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Hüppe L, Payton L, Last K, Wilcockson D, Ershova E, Meyer B. Evidence for oscillating circadian clock genes in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus during the summer solstice in the high Arctic. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20200257. [PMID: 32673547 PMCID: PMC7423037 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock provides a mechanism for anticipating environmental cycles and is synchronized by temporal cues such as daily light/dark cycle or photoperiod. However, the Arctic environment is characterized by several months of Midnight Sun when the sun is continuously above the horizon and where sea ice further attenuates photoperiod. To test if the oscillations of circadian clock genes remain in synchrony with subtle environmental changes, we sampled the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, a key zooplankter in the north Atlantic, to determine in situ daily circadian clock gene expression near the summer solstice at a southern (74.5° N) sea ice-free and a northern (82.5° N) sea ice-covered station. Results revealed significant oscillation of genes at both stations, indicating the persistence of the clock at this time. While copepods from the southern station showed oscillations in the daily range, those from the northern station exhibited an increase in ultradian oscillations. We suggest that in C. finmarchicus, even small daily changes of solar altitude seem to be sufficient to entrain the circadian clock and propose that at very high latitudes, in under-ice ecosystems, tidal cues may be used as an additional entrainment cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hüppe
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Department of Biosciences, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Laura Payton
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Department of Biosciences, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Kim Last
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - David Wilcockson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Elizaveta Ershova
- Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.,Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation, 36 Nakhimova Avenue, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Department of Biosciences, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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36
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Mat AM, Sarrazin J, Markov GV, Apremont V, Dubreuil C, Eché C, Fabioux C, Klopp C, Sarradin PM, Tanguy A, Huvet A, Matabos M. Biological rhythms in the deep-sea hydrothermal mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3454. [PMID: 32651383 PMCID: PMC7351958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological rhythms are a fundamental property of life. The deep ocean covers 66% of our planet surface and is one of the largest biomes. The deep sea has long been considered as an arrhythmic environment because sunlight is totally absent below 1,000 m depth. In the present study, we have sequenced the temporal transcriptomes of a deep-sea species, the ecosystem-structuring vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. We reveal that tidal cycles predominate in the transcriptome and physiology of mussels fixed directly at hydrothermal vents at 1,688 m depth at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, whereas daily cycles prevail in mussels sampled after laboratory acclimation. We identify B. azoricus canonical circadian clock genes, and show that oscillations observed in deep-sea mussels could be either a direct response to environmental stimulus, or be driven endogenously by one or more biological clocks. This work generates in situ insights into temporal organisation in a deep-sea organism. Little is known about gene expression of organisms in the deep sea, partially owing to constraints on sampling these organisms in situ. Here the authors circumvent this problem, fixing tissue of a deep-sea mussel at 1,688 m in depth, and later analyzing transcriptomes to reveal gene expression patterns showing tidal oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Mat
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France. .,Ifremer, EEP, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | | | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Vincent Apremont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.,Ifremer, EEP, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Camille Eché
- GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA Auzeville, Auzeville, France
| | - Caroline Fabioux
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Arnaud Tanguy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Team ABICE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
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37
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Chapman EC, Bonsor BJ, Parsons DR, Rotchell JM. Influence of light and temperature cycles on the expression of circadian clock genes in the mussel Mytilus edulis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:104960. [PMID: 32250881 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clock genes and environmental cues regulate essential biological rhythms. The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is an ecologically and economically important intertidal bivalve undergoing seasonal reproductive rhythms. We previously identified seasonal expression differences in M. edulis clock genes. Herein, the effects of light/dark cycles, constant darkness, and daily temperature cycles on the circadian expression patterns of such genes are characterised. Clock genes Clk, Cry1, ROR/HR3, Per and Rev-erb/NR1D1, and Timeout-like, show significant mRNA expression variation, persisting in darkness indicating endogenous control. Rhythmic expression was apparent under diurnal temperature cycles in darkness for all except Rev-erb. Temperature cycles induced a significant expression difference in the non-circadian clock-associated gene aaNAT. Furthermore, Suppression Subtractive Hybridisation (SSH) was used to identify seasonal genes with potential links to molecular clock function and revealed numerous genes meriting further investigation. Understanding the relationship between environmental cues and molecular clocks is crucial in predicting the outcomes of environmental change on fundamental rhythmic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Chapman
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Brodie J Bonsor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Parsons
- Department of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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38
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Petit IJ, González CF, Gusmao JB, Álvarez-Varas R, Hinojosa IA. Resting Dynamics and Diel Activity of the Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Rapa Nui, Chile. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1374.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio J. Petit
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile []
| | | | - Joao B. Gusmao
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands, Coquimbo, Chile []
| | - Rocío Álvarez-Varas
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands, Coquimbo, Chile []
| | - Iván A. Hinojosa
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile []
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39
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Andreatta G, Tessmar-Raible K. The Still Dark Side of the Moon: Molecular Mechanisms of Lunar-Controlled Rhythms and Clocks. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3525-3546. [PMID: 32198116 PMCID: PMC7322537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Starting with the beginning of the last century, a multitude of scientific studies has documented that the lunar cycle times behaviors and physiology in many organisms. It is plausible that even the first life forms adapted to the different rhythms controlled by the moon. Consistently, many marine species exhibit lunar rhythms, and also the number of documented "lunar-rhythmic" terrestrial species is increasing. Organisms follow diverse lunar geophysical/astronomical rhythms, which differ significantly in terms of period length: from hours (circalunidian and circatidal rhythms) to days (circasemilunar and circalunar cycles). Evidence for internal circatital and circalunar oscillators exists for a range of species based on past behavioral studies, but those species with well-documented behaviorally free-running lunar rhythms are not typically used for molecular studies. Thus, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely obscure: the dark side of the moon. Here we review findings that start to connect molecular pathways with moon-controlled physiology and behaviors. The present data indicate connections between metabolic/endocrine pathways and moon-controlled rhythms, as well as interactions between circadian and circatidal/circalunar rhythms. Moreover, recent high-throughput analyses provide useful leads toward pathways, as well as molecular markers. However, for each interpretation, it is important to carefully consider the, partly substantially differing, conditions used in each experimental paradigm. In the future, it will be important to use lab experiments to delineate the specific mechanisms of the different solar- and lunar-controlled rhythms, but to also start integrating them together, as life has evolved equally long under rhythms of both sun and moon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Andreatta
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
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40
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Pichugin Y, Park HJ, Traulsen A. Evolution of simple multicellular life cycles in dynamic environments. J R Soc Interface 2020; 16:20190054. [PMID: 31088261 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mode of reproduction is a critical characteristic of any species, as it has a strong effect on its evolution. As any other trait, the reproduction mode is subject to natural selection and may adapt to the environment. When the environment varies over time, different reproduction modes could be optimal at different times. The natural response to a dynamic environment seems to be bet hedging, where multiple reproductive strategies are stochastically executed. Here, we develop a framework for the evolution of simple multicellular life cycles in a dynamic environment. We use a matrix population model of undifferentiated multicellular groups undergoing fragmentation and ask which mode maximizes the population growth rate. Counterintuitively, we find that natural selection in dynamic environments generally tends to promote deterministic, not stochastic, reproduction modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Pichugin
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology , August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306 , Germany
| | - Hye Jin Park
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology , August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306 , Germany
| | - Arne Traulsen
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology , August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306 , Germany
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41
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Hernandez E, Vázquez OA, Torruco A, Rahman MS. Histological evidence of the lunar reproductive rhythm of Atlantic sea urchin Arbacia punctulata in the Gulf of Mexico. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1758418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Hernandez
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Omar A. Vázquez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - André Torruco
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
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42
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Bézy VS, Putman NF, Umbanhowar JA, Orrego CM, Fonseca LG, Quirós-Pereira WM, Valverde RA, Lohmann KJ. Mass-nesting events in olive ridley sea turtles: environmental predictors of timing and size. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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43
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Cai M, Liu Z, Yu P, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Jiang Q, Zhao Y. Circadian rhythm regulation of the oxidation–antioxidant balance in Daphnia pulex. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 240:110387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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44
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Häfker NS, Tessmar-Raible K. Rhythms of behavior: are the times changin’? Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 60:55-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Tran D, Perrigault M, Ciret P, Payton L. Bivalve mollusc circadian clock genes can run at tidal frequency. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192440. [PMID: 31910786 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine coastal habitats are complex cyclic environments as a result of sun and moon interactions. In contrast with the well-known circadian orchestration of the terrestrial animal rhythmicity (approx. 24 h), the mechanism responsible for the circatidal rhythm (approx. 12.4 h) remains largely elusive in marine organisms. We revealed in subtidal field conditions that the oyster Crassostrea gigas exhibits tidal rhythmicity of circadian clock genes and clock-associated genes. A free-running (FR) experiment showed an endogenous circatidal rhythm. In parallel, we showed in the field that oysters' valve behaviour exhibited a strong tidal rhythm combined with a daily rhythm. In the FR experiment, all behavioural rhythms were circatidal, and half of them were also circadian. Our results fuel the debate on endogenous circatidal mechanisms. In contrast with the current hypothesis on the existence of an independent tidal clock, we suggest that a single 'circadian/circatidal' clock in bivalves is sufficient to entrain behavioural patterns at tidal and daily frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Tran
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France.,EPOC, CNRS, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Mickael Perrigault
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France.,EPOC, CNRS, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Pierre Ciret
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France.,EPOC, CNRS, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Laura Payton
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France.,EPOC, CNRS, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France
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46
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Huffeldt NP, Merkel FR, Jenni-Eiermann S, Goymann W, Helm B. Melatonin and corticosterone profiles under polar day in a seabird with sexually opposite activity-rhythms. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 285:113296. [PMID: 31589833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The 24 h geophysical light-dark cycle is the main organizer of daily rhythms, scheduling physiology and behavior. This cycle attenuates greatly during the continuous light of summer at polar latitudes, resulting in species-specific and even individual-specific patterns of behavioral rhythmicity, but the physiological mechanisms underlying this variation are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap and to better understand the roles of the hormones melatonin and corticosterone in rhythmic behavior during this 'polar day', we exploited the behavior of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia), a charadriiform seabird with sexually opposite ('antiphase') activity-rhythms that have a duration of 24 h. Melatonin concentration in the plasma of inactive males was unexpectedly high around midday and subsequently fell during a sudden decrease in light intensity as the colony became shaded. Corticosterone concentration in plasma did not vary with time of day or activity in either sex. While the reasons for these unusual patterns remain unclear, we propose that a flexible melatonin response and little diel variation of corticosterone may be adaptive in thick-billed murres, and perhaps other polar birds and mammals, by stabilizing glucocorticoids' role of modulating energy storage and mobilization across the diel cycle and facilitating the appropriate reaction to unexpected stimuli experienced across the diel cycle while attending the colony.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flemming R Merkel
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | | | - Wolfgang Goymann
- Abteilung für Verhaltensneurobiologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Barbara Helm
- IBAHCM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
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47
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Nazri MUIA, Idris I, Ross O, Ismail WIW. Neurological Disorder Brain Model: A Lesson from Marine Worms (Annelida: Polychaeta). Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:5-18. [PMID: 31908583 PMCID: PMC6939724 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.6.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is directly proportional to age. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases, for example, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, is expected to rise in the coming years. Understanding the etiopathology of these diseases is a crucial step that needs to be taken to develop drugs for their treatment. Animal models are being increasingly used to expand the knowledge and understanding on neurodegenerative diseases. Marine worms, known as polychaetes (phylum Annelida), which are abundantly and frequently found in benthic environments, possess a simple yet complete nervous system (including a true brain that is centralised and specialised) compared to other annelids. Hence, polychaetes can potentially be the next candidate for a nerve disease model. The ability to activate the entire nervous system regeneration (NSR) is among the remarkable features of many polychaetes species. However, the information on NSR in polychaetes and how it can potentially model neurodegenerative diseases in humans is still lacking. By exploring such studies, we may eventually be able to circumvent the developmental constraints that limit NSR in the human nervous system. This article is intended to briefly review responsible mechanisms and signalling pathways of NSR in marine polychaetes and to make a comparison with other established models of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izwandy Idris
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Othman Ross
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wan Iryani Wan Ismail
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
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48
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Analysis of the circadian transcriptome of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13894. [PMID: 31554872 PMCID: PMC6761102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a high latitude pelagic organism which plays a central role in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. E. superba shows daily and seasonal rhythms in physiology and behaviour, which are synchronized with the environmental cycles of its habitat. Recently, the main components of the krill circadian machinery have been identified and characterized. However, the exact mechanisms through which the endogenous timing system operates the control and regulation of the overt rhythms remains only partially understood. Here we investigate the involvement of the circadian clock in the temporal orchestration of gene expression by using a newly developed version of a krill microarray platform. The analysis of transcriptome data from krill exposed to both light-dark cycles (LD 18:6) and constant darkness (DD), has led to the identification of 1,564 putative clock-controlled genes. A remarkably large proportion of such genes, including several clock components (clock, period, cry2, vrille, and slimb), show oscillatory expression patterns in DD, with a periodicity shorter than 24 hours. Energy-storage pathways appear to be regulated by the endogenous clock in accordance with their ecological relevance in daily energy managing and overwintering. Our results provide the first representation of the krill circadian transcriptome under laboratory, free-running conditions.
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49
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Arboleda E, Zurl M, Waldherr M, Tessmar-Raible K. Differential Impacts of the Head on Platynereis dumerilii Peripheral Circadian Rhythms. Front Physiol 2019; 10:900. [PMID: 31354531 PMCID: PMC6638195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine bristle worm Platynereis dumerilii is a useful functional model system for the study of the circadian clock and its interplay with others, e.g., circalunar clocks. The focus has so far been on the worm's head. However, behavioral and physiological cycles in other animals typically arise from the coordination of circadian clocks located in the brain and in peripheral tissues. Here, we focus on peripheral circadian rhythms and clocks, revisit and expand classical circadian work on the worm's chromatophores, investigate locomotion as read-out and include molecular analyses. We establish that different pieces of the trunk exhibit synchronized, robust oscillations of core circadian clock genes. These circadian core clock transcripts are under strong control of the light-dark cycle, quickly losing synchronized oscillation under constant darkness, irrespective of the absence or presence of heads. Different wavelengths are differently effective in controlling the peripheral molecular synchronization. We have previously shown that locomotor activity is under circadian clock control. Here, we show that upon decapitation worms exhibit strongly reduced activity levels. While still following the light-dark cycle, locomotor rhythmicity under constant darkness is less clear. We also observe the rhythmicity of pigments in the worm's individual chromatophores, confirming their circadian pattern. These size changes continue under constant darkness, but cannot be re-entrained by light upon decapitation. Our works thus provides the first basic characterization of the peripheral circadian clock of P. dumerilii. In the absence of the head, light is essential as a major synchronization cue for peripheral molecular and locomotor circadian rhythms, while circadian changes in chromatophore size can continue for several days in the absence of light/dark changes and the head. Thus, in Platynereis the dependence on the head depends on the type of peripheral rhythm studied. These data show that peripheral circadian rhythms and clocks should also be considered in "non-conventional" molecular model systems, i.e., outside Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio, and Mus musculus, and build a basic foundation for future investigations of interactions of clocks with different period lengths in marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Arboleda
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zurl
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Rhythms of Life”, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Waldherr
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Rhythms of Life”, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Rhythms of Life”, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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50
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Xu G, Yang T, Shen H. Effect of Circadian Clock and Light-Dark Cycles in Onchidium reevesii: Possible Implications for Long-Term Memory. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E488. [PMID: 31252693 PMCID: PMC6679201 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea slug Onchidium reevesii inhabits the intertidal zone, which is characterized by a changeable environment. Although the circadian modulation of long-term memory (LTM) is well documented, the interaction of the circadian clock with light-dark masking in LTM of intertidal animals is not well understood. We characterized the LTM of Onchidium and tested the expression levels of related genes under a light-dark (LD) cycle and constant darkness (i.e., dark-dark, or DD) cycle. Results indicated that both learning behavior and LTM show differences between circadian time (CT) 10 and zeitgeber time (ZT) 10. In LD, the cry1 gene expressed irregularly, and per2 expression displayed a daily pattern and a peak expression level at ZT 18. OnCREB1 (only in LD conditions) and per2 transcripts cycled in phase with each other. In DD, the cry1 gene had its peak expression at CT 10, and per2 expressed its peak level at CT 18. OnCREB1 had two peak expression levels at ZT 10 or ZT 18 which correspond to the time node of peaks in cry1 and per2, respectively. The obtained results provide an LTM pattern that is different from other model species of the intertidal zone. We conclude that the daily transcriptional oscillations of Onchidium for LTM were affected by circadian rhythms and LD cycle masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolyu Xu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Tiezhu Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Heding Shen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
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