1
|
Quintana JI, Massaro M, Cagnoni AJ, Nuñez-Franco R, Delgado S, Jiménez-Osés G, Mariño KV, Rabinovich GA, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A. Different roles of the heterodimer architecture of galectin-4 in selective recognition of oligosaccharides and lipopolysaccharides having ABH antigens. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107577. [PMID: 39019214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The dimeric architecture of tandem-repeat type galectins, such as galectin-4 (Gal-4), modulates their biological activities, although the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. Emerging evidence show that tandem-repeat galectins play an important role in innate immunity by recognizing carbohydrate antigens present on the surface of certain pathogens, which very often mimic the structures of the human self-glycan antigens. Herein, we have analyzed the binding preferences of the C-domain of Gal-4 (Gal-4C) toward the ABH-carbohydrate histo-blood antigens with different core presentations and their recognition features have been rationalized by using a combined experimental approach including NMR, solid-phase and hemagglutination assays, and molecular modeling. The data show that Gal-4C prefers A over B antigens (two-fold in affinity), contrary to the N-domain (Gal-4N), although both domains share the same preference for the type-6 presentations. The behavior of the full-length Gal-4 (Gal-4FL) tandem-repeat form has been additionally scrutinized. Isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR data demonstrate that both domains within full-length Gal-4 bind to the histo-blood antigens independently of each other, with no communication between them. In this context, the heterodimeric architecture does not play any major role, apart from the complementary A and B antigen binding preferences. However, upon binding to a bacterial lipopolysaccharide containing a multivalent version of an H-antigen mimetic as O-antigen, the significance of the galectin architecture was revealed. Indeed, our data point to the linker peptide domain and the F-face of the C-domain as key elements that provide Gal-4 with the ability to cross-link multivalent ligands, beyond the glycan binding capacity of the dimer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Quintana
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mora Massaro
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain; Centro de investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cagnoni AJ, Massaro M, Cutine AM, Gimeno A, Pérez-Sáez JM, Manselle Cocco MN, Maller SM, Di Lella S, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV. Exploring galectin interactions with human milk oligosaccharides and blood group antigens identifies BGA6 as a functional galectin-4 ligand. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107573. [PMID: 39009340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins (Gals), a family of multifunctional glycan-binding proteins, have been traditionally defined as β-galactoside binding lectins. However, certain members of this family have shown selective affinity toward specific glycan structures including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and blood group antigens. In this work, we explored the affinity of human galectins (particularly Gal-1, -3, -4, -7, and -12) toward a panel of oligosaccharides including HMOs and blood group antigens using a complementary approach based on both experimental and computational techniques. While prototype Gal-1 and Gal-7 exhibited differential affinity for type I versus type II Lac/LacNAc residues and recognized fucosylated neutral glycans, chimera-type Gal-3 showed high binding affinity toward poly-LacNAc structures including LNnH and LNnO. Notably, the tandem-repeat human Gal-12 showed preferential recognition of 3-fucosylated glycans, a unique feature among members of the galectin family. Finally, Gal-4 presented a distinctive glycan-binding activity characterized by preferential recognition of specific blood group antigens, also validated by saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Particularly, we identified oligosaccharide blood group A antigen tetraose 6 (BGA6) as a biologically relevant Gal-4 ligand, which specifically inhibited interleukin-6 secretion induced by this lectin on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These findings highlight unique determinants underlying specific recognition of HMOs and blood group antigens by human galectins, emphasizing the biological relevance of Gal-4-BGA6 interactions, with critical implications in the development and regulation of inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Massaro
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anabela M Cutine
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Juan M Pérez-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Montana N Manselle Cocco
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián M Maller
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Di Lella
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Organic & Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Argentina de la Empresa (UADE), Instituto de Tecnología (INTEC), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jan HM, Wu SC, Stowell CJ, Vallecillo-Zúniga ML, Paul A, Patel KR, Muthusamy S, Lin HY, Ayona D, Jajosky RP, Varadkar SP, Nakahara H, Chan R, Bhave D, Lane WJ, Yeung MY, Hollenhorst MA, Rakoff-Nahoum S, Cummings RD, Arthur CM, Stowell SR. Galectin-4 Antimicrobial Activity Primarily Occurs Through its C-Terminal Domain. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100747. [PMID: 38490531 PMCID: PMC11097083 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Although immune tolerance evolved to reduce reactivity with self, it creates a gap in the adaptive immune response against microbes that decorate themselves in self-like antigens. This is particularly apparent with carbohydrate-based blood group antigens, wherein microbes can envelope themselves in blood group structures similar to human cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the innate immune lectin, galectin-4 (Gal-4), exhibits strain-specific binding and killing behavior towards microbes that display blood group-like antigens. Examination of binding preferences using a combination of microarrays populated with ABO(H) glycans and a variety of microbial strains, including those that express blood group-like antigens, demonstrated that Gal-4 binds mammalian and microbial antigens that have features of blood group and mammalian-like structures. Although Gal-4 was thought to exist as a monomer that achieves functional bivalency through its two linked carbohydrate recognition domains, our data demonstrate that Gal-4 forms dimers and that differences in the intrinsic ability of each domain to dimerize likely influences binding affinity. While each Gal-4 domain exhibited blood group-binding activity, the C-terminal domain (Gal-4C) exhibited dimeric properties, while the N-terminal domain (Gal-4N) failed to similarly display dimeric activity. Gal-4C not only exhibited the ability to dimerize but also possessed higher affinity toward ABO(H) blood group antigens and microbes expressing glycans with blood group-like features. Furthermore, when compared to Gal-4N, Gal-4C exhibited more potent antimicrobial activity. Even in the context of the full-length protein, where Gal-4N is functionally bivalent by virtue of Gal-4C dimerization, Gal-4C continued to display higher antimicrobial activity. These results demonstrate that Gal-4 exists as a dimer and exhibits its antimicrobial activity primarily through its C-terminal domain. In doing so, these data provide important insight into key features of Gal-4 responsible for its innate immune activity against molecular mimicry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Ming Jan
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shang-Chuen Wu
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carter J Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary L Vallecillo-Zúniga
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anu Paul
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kashyap R Patel
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sasikala Muthusamy
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hsien-Ya Lin
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diyoly Ayona
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan Philip Jajosky
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samata P Varadkar
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hirotomo Nakahara
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rita Chan
- Infectious Disease Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Devika Bhave
- Infectious Disease Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William J Lane
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa Y Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie A Hollenhorst
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seth Rakoff-Nahoum
- Infectious Disease Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu SC, Jan HM, Vallecillo-Zúniga ML, Rathgeber MF, Stowell CS, Murdock KL, Patel KR, Nakahara H, Stowell CJ, Nahm MH, Arthur CM, Cummings RD, Stowell SR. Whole microbe arrays accurately predict interactions and overall antimicrobial activity of galectin-8 toward distinct strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5324. [PMID: 37005394 PMCID: PMC10067959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial glycan microarrays (MGMs) populated with purified microbial glycans have been used to define the specificity of host immune factors toward microbes in a high throughput manner. However, a limitation of such arrays is that glycan presentation may not fully recapitulate the natural presentation that exists on microbes. This raises the possibility that interactions observed on the array, while often helpful in predicting actual interactions with intact microbes, may not always accurately ascertain the overall affinity of a host immune factor for a given microbe. Using galectin-8 (Gal-8) as a probe, we compared the specificity and overall affinity observed using a MGM populated with glycans harvested from various strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to an intact microbe microarray (MMA). Our results demonstrate that while similarities in binding specificity between the MGM and MMA are apparent, Gal-8 binding toward the MMA more accurately predicted interactions with strains of S. pneumoniae, including the overall specificity of Gal-8 antimicrobial activity. Taken together, these results not only demonstrate that Gal-8 possesses antimicrobial activity against distinct strains of S. pneumoniae that utilize molecular mimicry, but that microarray platforms populated with intact microbes present an advantageous strategy when exploring host interactions with microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chuen Wu
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, 630E New Research Building, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hau-Ming Jan
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, 630E New Research Building, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mary L Vallecillo-Zúniga
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, 630E New Research Building, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Matthew F Rathgeber
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, 630E New Research Building, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Caleb S Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, 630E New Research Building, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kaleb L Murdock
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, 630E New Research Building, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kashyap R Patel
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, 630E New Research Building, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hirotomo Nakahara
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, 630E New Research Building, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carter J Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, 630E New Research Building, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Moon H Nahm
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, 630E New Research Building, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, 630E New Research Building, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jajosky RP, Wu SC, Zheng L, Jajosky AN, Jajosky PG, Josephson CD, Hollenhorst MA, Sackstein R, Cummings RD, Arthur CM, Stowell SR. ABO blood group antigens and differential glycan expression: Perspective on the evolution of common human enzyme deficiencies. iScience 2023; 26:105798. [PMID: 36691627 PMCID: PMC9860303 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions and play critical roles in human health and disease. Enzyme variants and deficiencies can lead to variable expression of glycans, which can affect physiology, influence predilection for disease, and/or directly contribute to disease pathogenesis. Although certain well-characterized enzyme deficiencies result in overt disease, some of the most common enzyme deficiencies in humans form the basis of blood groups. These carbohydrate blood groups impact fundamental areas of clinical medicine, including the risk of infection and severity of infectious disease, bleeding risk, transfusion medicine, and tissue/organ transplantation. In this review, we examine the enzymes responsible for carbohydrate-based blood group antigen biosynthesis and their expression within the human population. We also consider the evolutionary selective pressures, e.g. malaria, that may account for the variation in carbohydrate structures and the implications of this biology for human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Philip Jajosky
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 630E New Research Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Biconcavity Inc, Lilburn, GA, USA
| | - Shang-Chuen Wu
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 630E New Research Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leon Zheng
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 630E New Research Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Audrey N. Jajosky
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, West Henrietta, NY, USA
| | | | - Cassandra D. Josephson
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute and Blood Bank/Transfusion Medicine Division, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie A. Hollenhorst
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Connie M. Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 630E New Research Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean R. Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 630E New Research Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Normal Cortical Myelination in Galectin-4-Deficient Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213485. [DOI: 10.3390/cells11213485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin, critical for the correct function of the nervous system, is organized in different patterns that can include long non-myelinated axonal segments. How myelin patterning is regulated remains unexplained. The carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-4 (Gal-4) influences oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro and is associated with non-myelinable axon segments (NMS) in cultured neurons. In consequence, Gal-4 has been proposed as a myelin patterning regulator, although no in vivo studies have corroborated this hypothesis. We used Gal-4-deficient mice (Lgals4-KO) to study the role of Gal-4 in cortical myelination in vivo. We show that cultured neurons of Lgals4-KO mice form NMS that are regulated as in control neurons. In addition, oligodendrocyte/myelin markers expression measured by biochemical and immunochemical means, and cortical myelin microstructure studied by in-depth image analysis appear unaltered in these animals. Consistently, myelin displays an essentially normal function assessed by in vivo electrophysiology and locomotion analyses. In conclusion, cortical myelin of Lgals4-KO mice does not show any significant defect in composition, organization or function, pointing to a negligible role of Gal-4 in myelination in vivo or, as discussed, to unknown mechanisms that compensate its absence.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu SC, Kamili NA, Dias-Baruffi M, Josephson CD, Rathgeber MF, Yeung MY, Lane WJ, Wang J, Jan HM, Rakoff-Nahoum S, Cummings RD, Stowell SR, Arthur CM. Innate immune Galectin-7 specifically targets microbes that decorate themselves in blood group-like antigens. iScience 2022; 25:104482. [PMID: 35754739 PMCID: PMC9218387 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity can target a nearly infinite range of antigens, yet it is tempered by tolerogenic mechanisms that limit autoimmunity. Such immunological tolerance, however, creates a gap in adaptive immunity against microbes decorated with self-like antigens as a form of molecular mimicry. Our results demonstrate that the innate immune lectin galectin-7 (Gal-7) binds a variety of distinct microbes, all of which share features of blood group-like antigens. Gal-7 binding to each blood group expressing microbe, including strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia alcalifaciens, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, results in loss of microbial viability. Although Gal-7 also binds red blood cells (RBCs), this interaction does not alter RBC membrane integrity. These results demonstrate that Gal-7 recognizes a diverse range of microbes, each of which use molecular mimicry while failing to induce host cell injury, and thus may provide an innate form of immunity against molecular mimicry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chuen Wu
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nourine A. Kamili
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassandra D. Josephson
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Matthew F. Rathgeber
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melissa Y. Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William J. Lane
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hau-Ming Jan
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Seth Rakoff-Nahoum
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean R. Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Connie M. Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blenda AV, Kamili NA, Wu SC, Abel WF, Ayona D, Gerner-Smidt C, Ho AD, Benian GM, Cummings RD, Arthur CM, Stowell SR. Galectin-9 recognizes and exhibits antimicrobial activity toward microbes expressing blood group-like antigens. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101704. [PMID: 35148986 PMCID: PMC9019251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While adaptive immunity recognizes a nearly infinite range of antigenic determinants, immune tolerance renders adaptive immunity vulnerable to microbes decorated in self-like antigens. Recent studies suggest that sugar-binding proteins galectin-4 and galectin-8 bind microbes expressing blood group antigens. However, the binding profile and potential antimicrobial activity of other galectins, particularly galectin-9 (Gal-9), has remained incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that while Gal-9 possesses strong binding preference for ABO(H) blood group antigens, each domain exhibits distinct binding patterns, with the C-terminal domain (Gal-9C) exhibiting higher binding to blood group B than the N-terminal domain (Gal-9N). Despite this binding preference, Gal-9 readily killed blood group B–positive Escherichia coli, whereas Gal-9N displayed higher killing activity against this microbe than Gal-9C. Utilization of microarrays populated with blood group O antigens from a diverse array of microbes revealed that Gal-9 can bind various microbial glycans, whereas Gal-9N and Gal-9C displayed distinct and overlapping binding preferences. Flow cytometric examination of intact microbes corroborated the microbial glycan microarray findings, demonstrating that Gal-9, Gal-9N, and Gal-9C also possess the capacity to recognize distinct strains of Providencia alcalifaciens and Klebsiella pneumoniae that express mammalian blood group–like antigens while failing to bind related strains that do not express mammalian-like glycans. In each case of microbial binding, Gal-9, Gal-9N, and Gal-9C induced microbial death. In contrast, while Gal-9, Gal-9N, and Gal-9C engaged red blood cells, each failed to induce hemolysis. These data suggest that Gal-9 recognition of distinct microbial strains may provide antimicrobial activity against molecular mimicry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Blenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nourine A Kamili
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shang-Chuen Wu
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William F Abel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Diyoly Ayona
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Gerner-Smidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alex D Ho
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guy M Benian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stowell SR, Rodrigues LC, Dias-Baruffi M, Cummings RD, Arthur CM. Examining Galectin Binding Specificity Using Glycan Microarrays. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2442:151-168. [PMID: 35320525 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycan binding proteins (GBPs) possess the unique ability to regulate a wide variety of biological processes through interactions with highly modifiable cell surface glycans. While many studies demonstrate the impact of glycan modification on GBP recognition and activity, the relative contribution of subtle changes in glycan structure on GBP binding can be difficult to define. To overcome limitations in the analysis of GBP-glycan interactions, recent studies utilized glycan microarray platforms containing hundreds of structurally defined glycans. These studies not only provided important information regarding GBP-glycan interactions in general but have also resulted in significant insight into binding specificity and biological activity of the galectin family. We will describe the methods used when employing glycan microarray platforms to examine galectin-glycan binding specificity and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lilian C Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Verkerke H, Dias-Baruffi M, Cummings RD, Arthur CM, Stowell SR. Galectins: An Ancient Family of Carbohydrate Binding Proteins with Modern Functions. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2442:1-40. [PMID: 35320517 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a large family of carbohydrate binding proteins with members in nearly every lineage of multicellular life. Through tandem and en-mass genome duplications, over 15 known vertebrate galectins likely evolved from a single common ancestor extant in pre-chordate lineages. While galectins have divergently evolved numerous functions, some of which do not involve carbohydrate recognition, the vast majority of the galectins have retained the conserved ability to bind variably modified polylactosamine (polyLacNAc) residues on glycans that modify proteins and lipids on the surface of host cells and pathogens. In addition to their direct role in microbial killing, many proposed galectin functions in the immune system and cancer involve crosslinking glycosylated receptors and modifying signaling pathways or sensitivity to antigen from the outside in. However, a large body of work has uncovered intracellular galectin functions mediated by carbohydrate- and non-carbohydrate-dependent interactions. In the cytoplasm, galectins can tune intracellular kinase and G-protein-coupled signaling cascades important for nutrient sensing, cell cycle progression, and transformation. Particularly, but interconnected pathways, cytoplasmic galectins serve the innate immune system as sensors of endolysosomal damage, recruiting and assembling the components of autophagosomes during intracellular infection through carbohydrate-dependent and -independent activities. In the nucleus, galectins participate in pre-mRNA splicing perhaps through interactions with non-coding RNAs required for assembly of spliceosomes. Together, studies of galectin function paint a picture of a functionally dynamic protein family recruited during eons of evolution to regulate numerous essential cellular processes in the context of multicellular life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Verkerke
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kamili NA, Paul A, Wu SC, Dias-Baruffi M, Cummings RD, Arthur CM, Stowell SR. Evaluation of the Bactericidal Activity of Galectins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:517-531. [PMID: 35320543 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over a century ago, Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood group antigens could predict the immunological outcome of red blood cell transfusion. While the discovery of ABO(H) blood group antigens revolutionized transfusion medicine, many questions remain regarding the development and regulation of naturally occurring anti-blood group antibody formation. Early studies suggested that blood group antibodies develop following stimulation by bacteria that express blood group antigens. While this may explain the development of anti-blood group antibodies in blood group-negative individuals, how blood group-positive individuals protect themselves against blood group-positive microbes remained unknown. Recent studies suggest that several members of the galectin family specifically target blood group-positive microbes, thereby providing innate immune protection against blood group antigen-positive microbes regardless of the blood group status of an individual. Importantly, subsequent studies suggest that this unique form of immunity may not be limited to blood group expressing microbes, but may reflect a more generalized form of innate immunity against molecular mimicry. As this form of antimicrobial activity represents a unique and unprecedented form of immunity, we will examine important considerations and methodological approaches that can be used when seeking to ascertain the potential antimicrobial activity of various members of the galectin family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nourine A Kamili
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anu Paul
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shang-Chuen Wu
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stowell SR, Dias-Baruffi M, Cummings RD, Arthur CM. Detection of Phosphatidylserine Exposure on Leukocytes Following Treatment with Human Galectins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:533-548. [PMID: 35320544 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular turnover represents a fundamental aspect of immunological homeostasis. While many factors appear to regulate leukocyte removal during inflammatory resolution, recent studies suggest that members of the galectin family play a unique role in orchestrating this process. Unlike cellular removal through apoptotic cell death, several members of the galectin family induce surface expression of phosphatidylserine (PS), a phagocytic marker on cells undergoing apoptosis, in the absence of cell death. However, similar to PS on cells undergoing apoptosis, galectin-induced PS exposure sensitizes cells to phagocytic removal. As galectins appear to prepare cells for phagocytic removal without actually inducing apoptotic cell death, this process has recently been coined preaparesis. Given the unique characteristics of galectin-induced PS exposure in the context of preaparesis, we will examine unique considerations when evaluating the potential impact of different galectin family members on PS exposure and cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Method for Identifying Galectin Ligands on Lymphocyte Membrane Glycoproteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:215-232. [PMID: 35320529 PMCID: PMC10174696 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common protein posttranslational modifications. Most human lymphocyte membrane receptors are modified by diverse glycan structures, and functional studies have indicated that a family of glycan-binding proteins, galectins, can significantly modulate lymphocyte development and function by interacting with these glycans. Several galectins have a varying degree of affinity for the N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) disaccharide, and some critical lymphocyte receptors can be modified by glycan structures carrying this motif. However, the site-specific glycan composition on primary lymphocyte membrane receptors in healthy individuals is largely limited. The main reason for the limitation is low abundance of available material from a single donor and compositional heterogeneity in glycan structures that can potentially modify a protein. Donor-dependent variability in N-glycan structures on CD16a isolated from primary NK cells of healthy human donors was recently reported. NK cell CD16a is glycosylated at five N-glycosylation sites, and two of the five sites are modified, almost exclusively, by N-glycans with multiple LacNAc repeats which can serve as ligands for endogenous galectins. Thus, the protocol described in this section can be utilized to identify galectin ligands at specific glycosylation sites of endogenous membrane receptor from circulating primary human lymphocytes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu SC, Ho AD, Kamili NA, Wang J, Murdock KL, Cummings RD, Arthur CM, Stowell SR. Full-Length Galectin-3 Is Required for High Affinity Microbial Interactions and Antimicrobial Activity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:731026. [PMID: 34690972 PMCID: PMC8531552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While adaptive immunity enables the recognition of a wide range of microbial antigens, immunological tolerance limits reactively toward self to reduce autoimmunity. Some bacteria decorate themselves with self-like antigens as a form of molecular mimicry to limit recognition by adaptive immunity. Recent studies suggest that galectin-4 (Gal-4) and galectin-8 (Gal-8) may provide a unique form of innate immunity against molecular mimicry by specifically targeting microbes that decorate themselves in self-like antigens. However, the binding specificity and antimicrobial activity of many human galectins remain incompletely explored. In this study, we defined the binding specificity of galectin-3 (Gal-3), the first galectin shown to engage microbial glycans. Gal-3 exhibited high binding toward mammalian blood group A, B, and αGal antigens in a glycan microarray format. In the absence of the N-terminal domain, the C-terminal domain of Gal-3 (Gal-3C) alone exhibited a similar overall binding pattern, but failed to display the same level of binding for glycans over a range of concentrations. Similar to the recognition of mammalian glycans, Gal-3 and Gal-3C also specifically engaged distinct microbial glycans isolated and printed in a microarray format, with Gal-3 exhibiting higher binding at lower concentrations toward microbial glycans than Gal-3C. Importantly, Gal-3 and Gal-3C interactions on the microbial microarray accurately predicted actual interactions toward intact microbes, with Gal-3 and Gal-3C displaying carbohydrate-dependent binding toward distinct strains of Providentia alcalifaciens and Klebsiella pneumoniae that express mammalian-like antigens, while failing to recognize similar strains that express unrelated antigens. While both Gal-3 and Gal-3C recognized specific strains of P. alcalifaciens and K. pneumoniae, only Gal-3 was able to exhibit antimicrobial activity even when evaluated at higher concentrations. These results demonstrate that while Gal-3 and Gal-3C specifically engage distinct mammalian and microbial glycans, Gal-3C alone does not possess antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chuen Wu
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alex D Ho
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nourine A Kamili
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kaleb L Murdock
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Matzhold EM, Berghold A, Bemelmans MKB, Banfi C, Stelzl E, Kessler HH, Steinmetz I, Krause R, Wurzer H, Schlenke P, Wagner T. Lewis and ABO histo-blood types and the secretor status of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 implicate a role for ABO antibodies in susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Transfusion 2021; 61:2736-2745. [PMID: 34151460 PMCID: PMC8447157 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) targets the respiratory and gastric epithelium, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Tissue antigen expression variations influence host susceptibility to many infections. This study aimed to investigate the closely linked Lewis (FUT3) and ABO histo-blood types, including secretor (FUT2) status, to infections with SARS-CoV-2 and the corresponding severity of COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Patients (Caucasians, n = 338) were genotyped for ABO, FUT3, and FUT2, and compared to a reference population of blood donors (n = 250,298). The association between blood types and severity of COVID-19 was addressed by dividing patients into four categories: hospitalized individuals in general wards, patients admitted to the intensive care unit with and without intubation, and deceased patients. Comorbidities were considered in subsequent analyses. RESULTS Patients with blood type Lewis (a-b-) or O were significantly less likely to be hospitalized (odds ratio [OR] 0.669, confidence interval [CI] 0.446-0.971, OR 0.710, CI 0.556-0.900, respectively), while type AB was significantly more prevalent in the patient cohort (OR 1.519, CI 1.014-2.203). The proportions of secretors/nonsecretors, and Lewis a+ or Lewis b+ types were consistent between patients and controls. The analyzed blood groups were not associated with the clinical outcome as defined. DISCUSSION Blood types Lewis (a-b-) and O were found to be protective factors, whereas the group AB is suggested to be a risk factor for COVID-19. The antigens investigated may not be prognostic for disease severity, but a role for ABO isoagglutinins in SARS-CoV-2 infections is strongly suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Matzhold
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and DocumentationMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Maria Karin Berta Bemelmans
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- FH Campus WienUniversity of Applied SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Chiara Banfi
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and DocumentationMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Evelyn Stelzl
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Research Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BiomedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Harald Hans Kessler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Research Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BiomedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Research Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BiomedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Robert Krause
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Herbert Wurzer
- Department of Internal MedicineLandeskrankenhaus Graz IIGrazAustria
| | - Peter Schlenke
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Anderluh M, Berti F, Bzducha‐Wróbel A, Chiodo F, Colombo C, Compostella F, Durlik K, Ferhati X, Holmdahl R, Jovanovic D, Kaca W, Lay L, Marinovic‐Cincovic M, Marradi M, Ozil M, Polito L, Reina‐Martin JJ, Reis CA, Sackstein R, Silipo A, Švajger U, Vaněk O, Yamamoto F, Richichi B, van Vliet SJ. Emerging glyco-based strategies to steer immune responses. FEBS J 2021; 288:4746-4772. [PMID: 33752265 PMCID: PMC8453523 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycan structures are common posttranslational modifications of proteins, which serve multiple important structural roles (for instance in protein folding), but also are crucial participants in cell-cell communications and in the regulation of immune responses. Through the interaction with glycan-binding receptors, glycans are able to affect the activation status of antigen-presenting cells, leading either to induction of pro-inflammatory responses or to suppression of immunity and instigation of immune tolerance. This unique feature of glycans has attracted the interest and spurred collaborations of glyco-chemists and glyco-immunologists to develop glycan-based tools as potential therapeutic approaches in the fight against diseases such as cancer and autoimmune conditions. In this review, we highlight emerging advances in this field, and in particular, we discuss on how glycan-modified conjugates or glycoengineered cells can be employed as targeting devices to direct tumor antigens to lectin receptors on antigen-presenting cells, like dendritic cells. In addition, we address how glycan-based nanoparticles can act as delivery platforms to enhance immune responses. Finally, we discuss some of the latest developments in glycan-based therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells to achieve targeting of tumor-associated glycan-specific epitopes, as well as the use of glycan moieties to suppress ongoing immune responses, especially in the context of autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Anderluh
- Chair of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of LjubljanaSlovenia
| | | | - Anna Bzducha‐Wróbel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food MicrobiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWPoland
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo)University of MilanItaly
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
| | - Katarzyna Durlik
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyJan Kochanowski UniversityKielcePoland
| | - Xhenti Ferhati
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation ResearchDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences ‐ National Institute of the Republic of SerbiaUniversity of BelgradeSerbia
| | - Wieslaw Kaca
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyJan Kochanowski UniversityKielcePoland
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo)University of MilanItaly
| | - Milena Marinovic‐Cincovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences ‐ National Institute of the Republic of SerbiaUniversity of BelgradeSerbia
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Musa Ozil
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Arts and SciencesRecep Tayyip Erdogan University RizeTurkey
| | | | | | - Celso A. Reis
- I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortugal
- IPATIMUP‐Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyInstituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel SalazarUniversity of PortoPortugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicinethe Translational Glycobiology InstituteHerbert Wertheim College of MedicineFlorida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIComplesso Universitario Monte Sant’AngeloNapoliItaly
| | - Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Center of SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Fumiichiro Yamamoto
- Immunohematology & Glycobiology LaboratoryJosep Carreras Leukaemia Research InstituteBadalonaSpain
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Sandra J. van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamNetherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Quintana JI, Delgado S, Núñez-Franco R, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Osés G, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A. Galectin-4 N-Terminal Domain: Binding Preferences Toward A and B Antigens With Different Peripheral Core Presentations. Front Chem 2021; 9:664097. [PMID: 33968903 PMCID: PMC8097242 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.664097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The tandem-repeat Galectin-4 (Gal-4) contains two different domains covalently linked through a short flexible peptide. Both domains have been shown to bind preferentially to A and B histo blood group antigens with different affinities, although the binding details are not yet available. The biological relevance of these associations is unknown, although it could be related to its attributed role in pathogen recognition. The presentation of A and B histo blood group antigens in terms of peripheral core structures differs among tissues and from that of the antigen-mimicking structures produced by pathogens. Herein, the binding of the N-terminal domain of Gal-4 toward a group of differently presented A and B oligosaccharide antigens in solution has been studied through a combination of NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular modeling. The data presented in this paper allow the identification of the specific effects that subtle chemical modifications within this antigenic family have in the binding to the N-terminal domain of Gal-4 in terms of affinity and intermolecular interactions, providing a structural-based rationale for the observed trend in the binding preferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Quintana
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Reyes Núñez-Franco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Avda, Monforte de Lemos, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry ll, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Exploration of Galectin Ligands Displayed on Gram-Negative Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens with Different Cell Surface Architectures. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040595. [PMID: 33919637 PMCID: PMC8074145 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins bind various pathogens through recognition of distinct carbohydrate structures. In this work, we examined the binding of four human galectins to the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), which display different surface glycans. In particular, Kpn cells are covered by a polysaccharide capsule and display an O-chain-containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas NTHi is not capsulated and its LPS, termed lipooligosacccharide (LOS), does not contain O-chain. Binding assays to microarray-printed bacteria revealed that galectins-3, -4, and -8, but not galectin-1, bind to Kpn and NTHi cells, and confocal microscopy attested binding to bacterial cells in suspension. The three galectins bound to array-printed Kpn LPS. Moreover, analysis of galectin binding to mutant Kpn cells evidenced that the O-chain is the docking point for galectins on wild type Kpn. Galectins-3, -4, and -8 also bound the NTHi LOS. Microarray-assisted comparison of the binding to full-length and truncated LOSs, as well as to wild type and mutant cells, supported LOS involvement in galectin binding to NTHi. However, deletion of the entire LOS oligosaccharide chain actually increased binding to NTHi cells, indicating the availability of other ligands on the bacterial surface, as similarly inferred for Kpn cells devoid of both O-chain and capsule. Altogether, the results illustrate galectins’ versatility for recognizing different bacterial structures, and point out the occurrence of so far overlooked galectin ligands on bacterial surfaces.
Collapse
|
19
|
Robinson BS, Saeedi B, Arthur CM, Owens J, Naudin C, Ahmed N, Luo L, Jones R, Neish A, Stowell SR. Galectin-9 Is a Novel Regulator of Epithelial Restitution. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1657-1666. [PMID: 32380082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, the ß-galactoside binding lectins, termed galectins, are being recognized as critical regulators of cell function and organismal homeostasis. Within the context of the mucosal surface, galectins are established regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, microbial populations, and several critical epithelial functions, including cell migration, proliferation, and response to injury. However, given their complex tissue distribution and expression patterns, their role within specific processes remains poorly understood. We took a genetic approach to understand the role of endogenous galectin-9 (Gal-9), a mucosal galectin that has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease, within the context of the murine intestine. Gal-9-deficient (Gal9-/-, also known as Lgals9-/-) animals show increased sensitivity to chemically induced colitis and impaired proliferation in the setting of acute injury. Moreover, Gal9-/--derived enteroids showed impaired growth ex vivo. Consistent with a model in which endogenous Gal-9 controls epithelial growth and repair, Gal9-/- animals showed increased sensitivity to intestinal challenge in multiple models of epithelial injury, including acute irradiation injury and ectopic wound biopsies. Finally, regenerating crypts from patient biopsies showed increased expression of Gal-9, indicating these processes may be conserved in humans. Taken together, these studies implicate Gal-9 in the regulation of cellular proliferation and epithelial restitution after intestinal epithelial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bejan Saeedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Josh Owens
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Crystal Naudin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nourine Ahmed
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rheinallt Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Robinson BS, Arthur CM, Evavold B, Roback E, Kamili NA, Stowell CS, Vallecillo-Zúniga ML, Van Ry PM, Dias-Baruffi M, Cummings RD, Stowell SR. The Sweet-Side of Leukocytes: Galectins as Master Regulators of Neutrophil Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1762. [PMID: 31440233 PMCID: PMC6693361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among responders to microbial invasion, neutrophils represent one of the earliest and perhaps most important factors that contribute to initial host defense. Effective neutrophil immunity requires their rapid mobilization to the site of infection, which requires efficient extravasation, activation, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and eventual killing of potential microbial pathogens. Following pathogen elimination, neutrophils must be eliminated to prevent additional host injury and subsequent exacerbation of the inflammatory response. Galectins, expressed in nearly every tissue and regulated by unique sensitivity to oxidative and proteolytic inactivation, appear to influence nearly every aspect of neutrophil function. In this review, we will examine the impact of galectins on neutrophils, with a particular focus on the unique biochemical traits that allow galectin family members to spatially and temporally regulate neutrophil function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Robinson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Birk Evavold
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ethan Roback
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nourine A Kamili
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Caleb S Stowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stowell CP, Stowell SR. Biologic roles of the ABH and Lewis histo-blood group antigens Part I: infection and immunity. Vox Sang 2019; 114:426-442. [PMID: 31070258 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ABH and Lewis antigens were among the first of the human red blood cell polymorphisms to be identified and, in the case of the former, play a dominant role in transfusion and transplantation. But these two therapies are largely twentieth century innovations, and the ABH and related carbohydrate antigens are not only expressed on a very wide range of human tissues, but were present in primates long before modern humans evolved. Although we have learned a great deal about the biochemistry and genetics of these structures, the biological roles that they play in human health and disease are incompletely understood. This review and its companion, to appear in a later issue of Vox Sanguinis, will focus on a few of the biologic and pathologic processes which appear to be affected by histo-blood group phenotype. The first of the two reviews will explore the interactions of two bacteria with the ABH and Lewis glycoconjugates of their human host cells, and describe the possible connections between the immune response of the human host to infection and the development of the AB-isoagglutinins. The second review will describe the relationship between ABO phenotype and thromboembolic disease, cardio-vascular disease states, and general metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Stowell
- Blood Transfusion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Center for Apheresis, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Emory Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Verma P, Laforce-Nesbitt SS, Tucker R, Mao Q, De Paepe ME, Bliss JM. Galectin-3 expression and effect of supplementation in neonatal mice with disseminated Candida albicans infection. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:527-532. [PMID: 30679793 PMCID: PMC6397689 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive candidiasis is an important cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, including premature infants. The S-type lectin, galectin-3 (gal3), is increasingly recognized for its role in antifungal host defense. This study tested the hypothesis that tissue gal3 expression is affected by disseminated infection with Candida albicans and that supplementation with gal3 will provide a benefit in this setting. METHODS To determine the expression of gal3 at the tissue level in response to disseminated infection with C. albicans, adult and neonatal mice were infected using previously established models. End points were chosen that reflected substantive tissue fungal burden but before mortality. RESULTS No differences in gal3 were detected in tissues of adult animals relative to uninfected controls. In neonatal animals, gal3 concentration was lower in the spleen of infected animals compared to uninfected. Pretreatment of neonatal mice with recombinant gal3 was associated with reduced mortality and reduced fungal burden in the kidney, spleen, and lung at 24 h following infection. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that gal3 has an active role in host defense against candidiasis and that neonatal animals can benefit from supplementation with this lectin in the setting of disseminated candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasoon Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Sonia S. Laforce-Nesbitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Richard Tucker
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Quanfu Mao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Monique E. De Paepe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Joseph M. Bliss
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI,Corresponding Author: Dept. of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, 101 Dudley St., Providence, RI 02905, Phone: (401)274-1100, Fax: (401) 453-7571,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bai Y, Niu D, Bai Y, Li Y, Lan T, Peng M, Dong Z, Li J. Identification of a novel galectin in Sinonovacula constricta and its role in recognition of Gram-negative bacteria. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:1-9. [PMID: 29807120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are soluble lectins that perform a pattern recognition function in invertebrate immunity and specifically recognise β-galactoside residues via conserved carbohydrate recognition domains. However, their function in bivalve molluscs has received little attention. Herein, a galectin (ScGal2) in razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) consisting of a 507 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 168 amino acids was identified and characterised. The protein includes a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), and several residues involved in dimerisation were found. ScGal2 mRNAs were mainly detected in hemolymph and liver, and expression was upregulated significantly following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum. Recombinant rScGal2 protein displayed strong agglutination activity toward Gram-negative bacteria, and flow cytometry revealed that ScGal2 strongly promoted phagocytosis in hemocytes. These results suggest that ScGal2 plays an indispensable role in innate immunity in razor clam, and likely participates in immune recognition and clearance processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Donghong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yulin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tianyi Lan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Maoxiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiguo Dong
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Robinson BS, Arthur CM, Kamili NA, Stowell SR. Galectin Regulation of Host Microbial Interactions. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1738.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Robinson
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Connie M. Arthur
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Nourine A. Kamili
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Sean R. Stowell
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kamili NA, Arthur CM, Gerner-Smidt C, Tafesse E, Blenda A, Dias-Baruffi M, Stowell SR. Key regulators of galectin-glycan interactions. Proteomics 2017; 16:3111-3125. [PMID: 27582340 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein-ligand interactions serve as fundamental regulators of numerous biological processes. Among protein-ligand pairs, glycan binding proteins (GBPs) and the glycans they recognize represent unique and highly complex interactions implicated in a broad range of regulatory activities. With few exceptions, cell surface receptors and secreted proteins are heavily glycosylated. As these glycans often represent highly regulatable post-translational modifications, alterations in glycosylation can fundamentally impact GBP recognition. Among GBPs, galectins in particular appear to engage a diverse set of glycan determinants to impact a broad range of biological processes. In this review, we will explore factors that impact galectin activity, including the effect of glycan modification on galectin-glycan interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nourine A Kamili
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian Gerner-Smidt
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eden Tafesse
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Blenda
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biology, Erskine College, Due West, SC, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang W, Wu Y, Lei Q, Liang H, Deng Y. Deep transcriptome profiling sheds light on key players in nucleus implantation induced immune response in the pearl oyster Pinctada martensii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:67-77. [PMID: 28818615 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunological rejection of the pearl oysters following nucleus implantation is a major issue limiting the successful rate of cultured pearls. To date, the molecular mechanism of immune tolerance during pearl formation in the pearl oysters is still largely unknown. Through the RNA sequencing platform and comparative transcriptomic analysis, we investigated the chronic gene expression changes at seven time points (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 days post implantation or dpi) over a period of 60 days following nucleus implantation in the pearl oyster Pinctada martensii. A total of 81,390 unique transcripts (or unigenes) with a combined length of 96.8 million bp and a N50 value of 2227 bp were obtained. When compared with sequences in the nr, nt, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, COG and GO databases, 36,380 unigenes can find homologous genes. Pairwise comparison of gene expression among all the samples showed that the largest number (or 6846) of differentially expressed genes was observed at 10 dpi. The number then decreased to below 5000 at 15, 20 and 30 dpi and increased again to 6679 at 60 dpi. PCA analysis further showed that the seven time points can be roughly divided into four groups. Comparative transcriptomic analysis between the four groups identified a variety of genes showing differential expression at different time points, including many immune-related genes such as those encoding for toll-like receptor, lectin, scavenger receptor, and peroxidase. In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with metabolism, ribosome function, immune response, signaling transduction, and cytoskeleton organization. Notably, two KEGG pathways, namely "cell adhesion molecules" and "primary immunodeficiency" were significantly enriched during the whole process. This finding indicates that genes in these pathways are likely to play critical roles in the immune tolerance of the pearl oysters. To conclude, the data obtained contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of nucleus implantation induced immune response in the pearl oysters, and will facilitate the development of effective measures to improve the performance of pearl culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Wu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiannan Lei
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Haiying Liang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kamili NA, Stowell SR. Editorial: Feel the burn: blocking galectin-12 helps leukemic cells differentiate while staying lean. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:640-642. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ce0616-260r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|