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Zagórska A, Czopek A, Fryc M, Jaromin A, Boyd BJ. Drug Discovery and Development Targeting Dementia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:151. [PMID: 37259302 PMCID: PMC9965722 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia, most often associated with neurodegenerative diseases, affects millions of people worldwide, predominantly the elderly. Unfortunately, no treatment is still available. Therefore, there is an urgent need to address this situation. This review presents the state of the art of drug discovery and developments in targeting dementia. Several approaches are discussed, such as drug repurposing, the use of small molecules, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Furthermore, the review also provides insights into clinical trials of these molecules. Emphasis has been placed on small molecules and multi-target-directed ligands, as well as disease-modifying therapies. Finally, attention is drawn to the possibilities of applications of nanotechnology in managing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zagórska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Czopek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Fryc
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Feng L, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Lei M, Li Z, Fu S. Hair Zinc and Chromium Levels Were Associated with a Reduced Likelihood of Age Related Cognitive Decline in Centenarians and Oldest-Old Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1012-1017. [PMID: 37997723 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive function has inevitable decline with advancing age in nature, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) is of increasing concern to aging population. Scarce study has involved the associations between hair trace elements and ARCD in older adults, especially in centenarians and oldest-old adults. This study was to investigate the associations between hair trace elements and ARCD in centenarians and oldest-old adults. METHODS Based on the household registration information of centenarians and oldest-old adults provided by the Civil Affairs Department of Hainan Province, China, the investigators conducted a one-to-one household survey among centenarians (≥100 years old) and oldest-old adults (80-99 years old). All 50 centenarians had a median age of 103 years and females accounted for 68.0%. All 73 oldest-old adults aged 80-99 years had a median age of 90 years and females accounted for 82.2%. Basic information were obtained with questionnaire interview, physical examination, biological test and hair collection by pre-trained local doctors and nurses. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was used to measure hair trace elements. All data in this study comes from China. Age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, smoking, drinking, hemoglobin, albumin, fasting blood pressure, zinc, chromium, copper, selenium, iron, manganese, strontium, lead, magnesium, potassium, and barium were simultaneously included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis. One adjusted model was done with all hair trace elements together. RESULTS Zinc and chromium levels were significantly lower in participants with ARCD than those without ARCD (P < 0.05 for all). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that zinc [odds ratio (OR): 0.988, 95%confidence interval (95%CI): 0.977-0.999] and chromium (OR: 0.051, 95%CI: 0.004-0.705) were associated with a reduced likelihood of ARCD (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Hair zinc and chromium levels were associated with a reduced likelihood of ARCD in centenarians and oldest-old adults. Further studies are necessary to verify if zinc and chromium supplementation has the potential to improve cognitive function and prevent ARCD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Feng
- Shihui Fu, Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China. E-mail: ; Zhirui Li, Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China. E-mail: ; Mingxing Lei, Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China. E-mail: ; Yali Zhao, Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China. E-mail:
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Goel A, Tomer N, Bhalla P, Malhotra R. Pyranone based probe for the selective and specific recognition of zinc ions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mechanism of Zn 2+ and Ca 2+ Binding to Human S100A1. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121823. [PMID: 34944467 PMCID: PMC8699212 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A1 is a member of the S100 family of small ubiquitous Ca2+-binding proteins, which participates in the regulation of cell differentiation, motility, and survival. It exists as homo- or heterodimers. S100A1 has also been shown to bind Zn2+, but the molecular mechanisms of this binding are not yet known. In this work, using ESI-MS and ITC, we demonstrate that S100A1 can coordinate 4 zinc ions per monomer, with two high affinity (KD~4 and 770 nm) and two low affinity sites. Using competitive binding experiments between Ca2+ and Zn2+ and QM/MM molecular modeling we conclude that Zn2+ high affinity sites are located in the EF-hand motifs of S100A1. In addition, two lower affinity sites can bind Zn2+ even when the EF-hands are saturated by Ca2+, resulting in a 2Ca2+:S100A1:2Zn2+ conformer. Finally, we show that, in contrast to calcium, an excess of Zn2+ produces a destabilizing effect on S100A1 structure and leads to its aggregation. We also determined a higher affinity to Ca2+ (KD~0.16 and 24 μm) than was previously reported for S100A1, which would allow this protein to function as a Ca2+/Zn2+-sensor both inside and outside cells, participating in diverse signaling pathways under normal and pathological conditions.
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Fasae KD, Abolaji AO, Faloye TR, Odunsi AY, Oyetayo BO, Enya JI, Rotimi JA, Akinyemi RO, Whitworth AJ, Aschner M. Metallobiology and therapeutic chelation of biometals (copper, zinc and iron) in Alzheimer's disease: Limitations, and current and future perspectives. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126779. [PMID: 34034029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of cognitive impairment and dementia worldwide. The pathobiology of the disease has been studied in the form of several hypotheses, ranging from oxidative stress, amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, accumulation of tau forming neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) through metal dysregulation and homeostasis, dysfunction of the cholinergic system, and to inflammatory and autophagic mechanism. However, none of these hypotheses has led to confirmed diagnostics or approved cure for the disease. OBJECTIVE This review is aimed as a basic and an encyclopedic short course into metals in AD and discusses the advances in chelation strategies and developments adopted in the treatment of the disease. Since there is accumulating evidence of the role of both biometal dyshomeostasis (iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) and metal-amyloid interactions that lead to the pathogenesis of AD, this review focuses on unraveling therapeutic chelation strategies that have been considered in the treatment of the disease, aiming to sequester free and protein-bound metal ions and reducing cerebral metal burden. Promising compounds possessing chemically modified moieties evolving as multi-target ligands used as anti-AD drug candidates are also covered. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Several multidirectional and multifaceted studies on metal chelation therapeutics show the need for improved synthesis, screening, and analysis of compounds to be able to effectively present chelating anti-AD drugs. Most drug candidates studied have limitations in their physicochemical properties; some enhance redistribution of metal ions, while others indirectly activate signaling pathways in AD. The metal chelation process in vivo still needs to be established and the design of potential anti-AD compounds that bi-functionally sequester metal ions as well as inhibit the Aβ aggregation by competing with the metal ions and reducing metal-induced oxidative damage and neurotoxicity may signal a bright end in chelation-based therapeutics of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde D Fasae
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Tolulope R Faloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Atinuke Y Odunsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bolaji O Oyetayo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joseph I Enya
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Joshua A Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Acharyya S, Gharami S, Sarkar D, Ghosh P, Murmu N, Mondal TK. A thioether containing reversible fluorescence “turn-on” chemosensor for selective detection of zinc(II): Applications in live cell imaging and inhibit logic gate. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zagórska A, Jaromin A. Perspectives for New and More Efficient Multifunctional Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:E3337. [PMID: 32717806 PMCID: PMC7435667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous research efforts at every level, globally, there is still a lack of effective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biochemical mechanisms of this devastating neurodegenerative disease are not yet clearly understood. This review analyses the relevance of multiple ligands in drug discovery for AD as a versatile toolbox for a polypharmacological approach to AD. Herein, we highlight major targets associated with AD, ranging from acetylcholine esterase (AChE), beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, monoamine oxidases (MAOs), metal ions in the brain, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors, the third subtype of histamine receptor (H3 receptor), to phosphodiesterases (PDEs), along with a summary of their respective relationship to the disease network. In addition, a multitarget strategy for AD is presented, based on reported milestones in this area and the recent progress that has been achieved with multitargeted-directed ligands (MTDLs). Finally, the latest publications referencing the enlarged panel of new biological targets for AD related to the microglia are highlighted. However, the question of how to find meaningful combinations of targets for an MTDLs approach remains unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zagórska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland;
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Mravunac M, Szymlek-Gay EA, Daly RM, Roberts BR, Formica M, Gianoudis J, O'Connell SL, Nowson CA, Cardoso BR. Greater Circulating Copper Concentrations and Copper/Zinc Ratios are Associated with Lower Psychological Distress, But Not Cognitive Performance, in a Sample of Australian Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102503. [PMID: 31627408 PMCID: PMC6836146 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyshomeostasis of copper and zinc is linked to neurodegeneration. This study investigated the relationship between circulating copper and zinc and copper/zinc ratios and cognitive function, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and neurotrophic factors in older Australian adults. In this cross-sectional study (n = 139), plasma copper, serum zinc, and neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1) were assessed. Cognition was assessed using the Cogstate battery and the Behavior Rating Inventory (BRI) of Executive Function (Adult version). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Copper (β = −0.024; 95% CI = −0.044, −0.004; p = 0.019) and copper/zinc ratio (β = −1.99; 95% CI = −3.41, −0.57; p = 0.006) were associated with lower depressive symptoms, but not cognition. Plasma copper had a modest positive association with BDNF (β = −0.004; 95% CI = 0.000, 0.007; p = 0.021). Zinc was not associated with any of the outcomes. In conclusion, greater circulating copper concentrations and higher copper/zinc ratios were associated with lower depressive symptoms (but not cognition), with copper also positively associated with BDNF concentration, in a sample of community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mravunac
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Ewa A Szymlek-Gay
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
- Nutrition Society of Australia, PO Box 576, Crows Nest, NSW 1585, Australia.
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Melissa Formica
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Jenny Gianoudis
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Stella L O'Connell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Caryl A Nowson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
- Nutrition Society of Australia, PO Box 576, Crows Nest, NSW 1585, Australia.
| | - Barbara R Cardoso
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3128, Australia.
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9
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Does SCFD1 rs10139154 Polymorphism Decrease Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:343-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Tsvetkov PO, Roman AY, Baksheeva VE, Nazipova AA, Shevelyova MP, Vladimirov VI, Buyanova MF, Zinchenko DV, Zamyatnin AA, Devred F, Golovin AV, Permyakov SE, Zernii EY. Functional Status of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 Is Modulated by Zinc Binding. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:459. [PMID: 30618610 PMCID: PMC6302015 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) protein is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system and retinal neurons, where it regulates many vital processes such as synaptic transmission. It coordinates three calcium ions by EF-hands 2-4, thereby transducing Ca2+ signals to a wide range of protein targets, including G protein-coupled receptors and their kinases. Here, we demonstrate that NCS-1 also has Zn2+-binding sites, which affect its structural and functional properties upon filling. Fluorescence and circular dichroism experiments reveal the impact of Zn2+ binding on NCS-1 secondary and tertiary structure. According to atomic absorption spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry studies, apo-NCS-1 has two high-affinity (4 × 106 M-1) and one low-affinity (2 × 105 M-1) Zn2+-binding sites, whereas Mg2+-loaded and Ca2+-loaded forms (which dominate under physiological conditions) bind two zinc ions with submicromolar affinity. Metal competition analysis and circular dichroism studies suggest that Zn2+-binding sites of apo- and Mg2+-loaded NCS-1 overlap with functional EF-hands of the protein. Consistently, high Zn2+ concentrations displace Mg2+ from the EF-hands and decrease the stoichiometry of Ca2+ binding. Meanwhile, one of the EF-hands of Zn2+-saturated NCS-1 exhibits a 14-fold higher calcium affinity, which increases the overall calcium sensitivity of the protein. Based on QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations, Zn2+ binding to Ca2+-loaded NCS-1 could occur at EF-hands 2 and 4. The high-affinity zinc binding increases the thermal stability of Ca2+-free NCS-1 and favours the interaction of its Ca2+-loaded form with target proteins, such as dopamine receptor D2R and GRK1. In contrast, low-affinity zinc binding promotes NCS-1 aggregation accompanied by the formation of twisted rope-like structures. Altogether, our findings suggest a complex interplay between magnesium, calcium and zinc binding to NCS-1, leading to the appearance of multiple conformations of the protein, in turn modulating its functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp O Tsvetkov
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Institute of Neurophysiopathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marseille, France
| | - Andrei Yu Roman
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds (RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Viktoriia E Baksheeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aliya A Nazipova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Marina P Shevelyova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vasiliy I Vladimirov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Michelle F Buyanova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Zinchenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - François Devred
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Institute of Neurophysiopathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marseille, France
| | - Andrey V Golovin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Computer Science, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei E Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Critical Role of Zinc as Either an Antioxidant or a Prooxidant in Cellular Systems. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9156285. [PMID: 29743987 PMCID: PMC5884210 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9156285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is recognized as an essential trace metal required for human health; its deficiency is strongly associated with neuronal and immune system defects. Although zinc is a redox-inert metal, it functions as an antioxidant through the catalytic action of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase, stabilization of membrane structure, protection of the protein sulfhydryl groups, and upregulation of the expression of metallothionein, which possesses a metal-binding capacity and also exhibits antioxidant functions. In addition, zinc suppresses anti-inflammatory responses that would otherwise augment oxidative stress. The actions of zinc are not straightforward owing to its numerous roles in biological systems. It has been shown that zinc deficiency and zinc excess cause cellular oxidative stress. To gain insights into the dual action of zinc, as either an antioxidant or a prooxidant, and the conditions under which each role is performed, the oxidative stresses that occur in zinc deficiency and zinc overload in conjunction with the intracellular regulation of free zinc are summarized. Additionally, the regulatory role of zinc in mitochondrial homeostasis and its impact on oxidative stress are briefly addressed.
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Mir JM, Maurya R, Rajak D, Malik BA, Jaget P, Jain N. A novel Schiff base complex of brain fuel (sugar) coordinated with intelligence mineral (Zn): Synthesis, conjoint DFT-experimental evaluation and super oxide dismutation. KARBALA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Li W, Fang B, Jin M, Tian Y. Two-Photon Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe with Enhanced Absorption Cross Section for Imaging and Biosensing of Zinc Ions in Hippocampal Tissue and Zebrafish. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2553-2560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Li
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bingqing Fang
- School
of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Cao’an
Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Ming Jin
- School
of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Cao’an
Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
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Olesen RH, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Smidt K, Rungby J, Larsen A. Obesity and age-related alterations in the gene expression of zinc-transporter proteins in the human brain. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e838. [PMID: 27300264 PMCID: PMC4931611 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing. Major risk factors for AD are advancing age and diabetes. Lately, obesity has been associated with an increased risk of dementia. Obese and diabetic individuals are prone to decreased circulating levels of zinc, reducing the amount of zinc available for crucial intracellular processes. In the brain, zinc co-localizes with glutamate in synaptic vesicles, and modulates NMDA receptor activity. Intracellular zinc is involved in apoptosis and fluctuations in cytoplasmic Zn(2+) affect modulation of intracellular signaling. The ZNT and ZIP proteins participate in intracellular zinc homeostasis. Altered expression of zinc-regulatory proteins has been described in AD patients. Using microarray data from human frontal cortex (BrainCloud), this study investigates expression of the SCLA30A (ZNT) and SCLA39A (ZIP) families of genes in a Caucasian and African-American sample of 145 neurologically and psychiatrically normal individuals. Expression of ZNT3 and ZNT4 were significantly reduced with increasing age, whereas expression of ZIP1, ZIP9 and ZIP13 were significantly increased. Increasing body mass index (BMI) correlated with a significant reduction in ZNT1 expression similar to what is seen in the early stages of AD. Increasing BMI also correlated with reduced expression of ZNT6. In conclusion, we found that the expression of genes that regulate intracellular zinc homeostasis in the human frontal cortex is altered with increasing age and affected by increasing BMI. With the increasing rates of obesity throughout the world, these findings warrant continuous scrutiny of the long-term consequences of obesity on brain function and the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Olesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Smidt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Rungby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - A Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Integration of inhibition kinetics and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the effects of Zn2+ on acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zinc and its effects on oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:923-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Rembach A, Hare DJ, Doecke JD, Burnham SC, Volitakis I, Fowler CJ, Cherny RA, McLean C, Grimm R, Martins R, Ames D, Masters CL, Bush AI, Roberts BR. Decreased serum zinc is an effect of ageing and not Alzheimer's disease. Metallomics 2014; 6:1216-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Serum zinc decreases with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rembach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
- Elemental Bio-imaging Centre
- University of Technology
| | - James D. Doecke
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship: Mathematics, Informatics and Statistics
- Perth, Australia
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre
- Herston, Australia
| | - Samantha C. Burnham
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship: Mathematics, Informatics and Statistics
- Perth, Australia
| | - Irene Volitakis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Robert A. Cherny
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | - Ralph Martins
- James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit
- Health Department of Western Australia
- , Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Blaine R. Roberts
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
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18
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Szewczyk B. Zinc homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:33. [PMID: 23882214 PMCID: PMC3715721 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element, whose importance to the function of the central nervous system (CNS) is increasingly being appreciated. Alterations in zinc dyshomeostasis has been suggested as a key factor in the development of several neuropsychiatric disorders. In the CNS, zinc occurs in two forms: the first being tightly bound to proteins and, secondly, the free, cytoplasmic, or extracellular form found in presynaptic vesicles. Under normal conditions, zinc released from the synaptic vesicles modulates both ionotropic and metabotropic post-synaptic receptors. While under clinical conditions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke or epilepsy, the excess influx of zinc into neurons has been found to result in neurotoxicity and damage to postsynaptic neurons. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence suggests that a deficiency, rather than an excess, of zinc leads to an increased risk for the development of neurological disorders. Indeed, zinc deficiency has been shown to affect neurogenesis and increase neuronal apoptosis, which can lead to learning and memory deficits. Altered zinc homeostasis is also suggested as a risk factor for depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD), aging, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Under normal CNS physiology, homeostatic controls are put in place to avoid the accumulation of excess zinc or its deficiency. This cellular zinc homeostasis results from the actions of a coordinated regulation effected by different proteins involved in the uptake, excretion and intracellular storage/trafficking of zinc. These proteins include membranous transporters (ZnT and Zip) and metallothioneins (MT) which control intracellular zinc levels. Interestingly, alterations in ZnT and MT have been recently reported in both aging and AD. This paper provides an overview of both clinical and experimental evidence that implicates a dysfunction in zinc homeostasis in the pathophysiology of depression, AD, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of SciencesKrakow, Poland
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Zhang L, Cui X, Sun J, Wang Y, Li W, Fang J. 8-Aminoquinoline-based ratiometric zinc probe: unexpected binding mode and its application in living cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3511-4. [PMID: 23668987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PMQA, an 8-aminoquinoline-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor, demonstrates the Zn(2+)-induced red-shift of emission (85nm), and was successfully applied to image zinc in living cells. Compared to 2:1 stoichiometry in PMQA-Zn(2+), PMQA-Cu(2+) shows 1:1 composition. Both nitrogen atoms from the aminoquinoline are missing in binding of zinc, while they are critically involved in Cu(2+) chelation. The structure difference between PMQA-Zn(2+) and PMQA-Cu(2+) might shed light in designing novel zinc probes without suffering from copper interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Jiang LF, Liao HL, Huang HM, Zhou LX, Li L, Cheng SX, Du CZ. Potential prevention and treatment of maifanite for Alzheimer's disease based on behavior test, oxidative stress assay, and trace element analysis in hippocampus of Aβ(₂₅₋₃₅)-induced AD rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:50-6. [PMID: 23279943 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess whether maifanite can improve the learning and memory, and antioxidant abilities of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats. The 70 rats were divided into seven groups: [A] normal control group, [B] AD model group, [C] sham group, [D] positive control group (donepezil), [E] low-dose maifanite group, [F] middle-dose maifanite group, [G] high-dose maifanite group. For [B], [D], [E], [F], and [G] groups, Aβ(25-35) ventricle injection was carried out, then respective medicine were administered once a day for 60 consecutive days. The step-down and step-through test were used to measure learning and memory ability. The hippocampus levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed. The hippocampus contents of Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mn were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. Maifanite decreased the acquisition errors and the retention errors while prolonging the step-down latency, and decreased the number of electric shocks while prolonging the first latency of AD rats. Aβ(25-35) ventricle injection initiated the decrease of SOD and GSH-Px activities and the increase of MDA content, and triggered the rise of Al, Fe, and Cu levels and the decline of Mn, Zn, and Se levels. The SOD and GSH-Px activities were enhanced followed by reduced MDA level, and the levels of Mn, Zn, and Se increased accompanied by Al, Fe, and Cu decreased in the maifanite treat groups. Maifanite could improve the learning and memory, and the antioxidant abilities of AD rats. Maifanite had the potential prevention and treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Feng Jiang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 6# post box, 179 Mingxiudong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, People's Republic of China.
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Jellinger KA. The relevance of metals in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, pathological considerations. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 110:1-47. [PMID: 24209432 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410502-7.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are featured by a variety of pathological conditions that share similar critical processes, such as oxidative stress, free radical activity, proteinaceous aggregations, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and energy failure. They are mediated or triggered by an imbalance of metal ions leading to changes of critical biological systems and initiating a cascade of events finally leading to neurodegeneration and cell death. Their causes are multifactorial, and although the source of the shift in oxidative homeostasis is still unclear, current evidence points to changes in the balance of redox transition metals, especially iron, copper, and other trace metals. They are present at elevated levels in Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multisystem atrophy, etc., while in other neurodegenerative disorders, copper, zinc, aluminum, and manganese are involved. This chapter will review the recent advances of the role of metals in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of major neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the use of chelating agents as potential therapies for metal-related disorders.
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Grasso G, Spoto G. Plasmonics for the study of metal ion–protein interactions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1833-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Grasso G, Giuffrida ML, Rizzarelli E. Metallostasis and amyloid β-degrading enzymes. Metallomics 2012; 4:937-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20105d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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