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Tsuchida DY, Gentzkow MF, Spaan RS, Burco J, Couch CE, Spaan JM, Epps CW, Beechler BR. Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) with Higher Whole Blood Selenium Levels Have Improved Survival and Altered Immune Responses. J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:721-726. [PMID: 38659241 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) are herbivorous ungulates that live in forage-poor areas of the American west. The trace minerals that herbivores derive from forage are important for immune function. Therefore, identifying trace minerals that affect immune function in bighorn sheep could provide important insights into disease susceptibility and population health in threatened populations. We sought to determine whether trace mineral composition in blood or plasma correlates to survival and determine whether immunologic parameters correlate with any trace minerals that affect survival. We used data collected from 2016 to 2018 as part of a large study on bighorn sheep in southeastern Oregon and northern Nevada, US. We measured the survival of 135 bighorn sheep during the 8-mo monitoring period, including general metrics of immune function and trace mineral levels. We found that animals with higher selenium had improved survival over the monitoring period, with higher peripheral blood mononuclear cell activity (lymphocytes and monocytes) and lower bacterial killing ability in an in vitro assay. This suggests that bighorn sheep may have altered immune function when selenium levels are low, making them more likely to die during the 8-mo monitoring period. Future work should consider whether habitat management strategies that increase selenium intake might improve disease resistance and survival in bighorn sheep in selenium-poor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Y Tsuchida
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Morgan F Gentzkow
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Robert S Spaan
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
- Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Julia Burco
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Health and Population Lab, 7118 NE Vandenberg Avenue, Adair Village, Oregon 97330, USA
| | - Claire E Couch
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
- Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Johannie M Spaan
- Western University of Health Sciences, 200 Mullins Drive, Lebanon, Oregon 97355, USA
| | - Clinton W Epps
- Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Brianna R Beechler
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Xu S, Zhao J, Liu X, Yang X, Xu Z, Gao Y, Ma Y, Yang H. Structures of SenB and SenA enzymes from Variovorax paradoxus provide insights into carbon-selenium bond formation in selenoneine biosynthesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32888. [PMID: 38994077 PMCID: PMC11237966 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenoneine, an ergothioneine analog, is important for antioxidation and detoxification. SenB and SenA are two crucial enzymes that form carbon-selenium bonds in the selenoneine biosynthetic pathway. To investigate their underlying catalytic mechanisms, we obtained complex structures of SenB with its substrate UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and SenA with N-α-trimethyl histidine (TMH). SenB adopts a type-B glycosyltransferase fold. Structural and functional analysis of the interaction network at the active center provide key information on substrate recognition and suggest a metal-ion-independent, inverting mechanism is utilized for SenB-mediated selenoglycoside formation. Moreover, the complex structure of SenA with TMH and enzymatic activity assays highlight vital residues that control substrate binding and specificity. Based on the conserved structure and substrate-binding pocket of the type I sulfoxide synthase EgtB in the ergothioneine biosynthetic pathway, a similar reaction mechanism was proposed for the formation of C-Se bonds by SenA. The structures provide knowledge on selenoneine synthesis and lay groundwork for further applications of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jinyi Zhao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Response, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuna Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zili Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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3
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Shimokawa Y, Abe K, Ohura M, Yamamoto M, Ando H, Tohfuku T, Yamashita M, Kondo M. Nutritional Supplementation and Enhanced Antioxidant Function by Dietary Intake of Selenoneine and Other Selenium Compounds in Red Seabream Pagrus major. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:683-690. [PMID: 37462899 PMCID: PMC10665234 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Selenoneine, 2-selenyl-Nα, Nα, Nα-trimethyl-L-histidine, is the major organic selenium compound in marine fish. To characterize biological antioxidant function of selenoneine in fish, the accumulation of selenoneine and other selenium compounds, i. e., sodium selenite and selenomethionine, in the muscle and other tissues of red seabream. We reared red seabream by feeding of 1% dry pellet containing of sodium selenite, selenomethionine, or selenoneine of body weight twice a day for 4 weeks. After that, we replaced to 1% of normal commercial dry pellet of body weight twice a day for 1 week from the selenium supplementation, and tissue distribution of total selenium was determined. Selenium supplementation with selenoneine, selenomethionine, and sodium selenite enhanced selenium accumulation in the white muscle, kidney, and hepatopancreas in comparison with the control group. By the dietary intake of selenoneine, total selenium concentrations were increased in the white muscle, heart, kidney, spleen, hepatopancreas, brain, and blood cells in a dose-dependent manner during the trials after 2 weeks. Dietary intake of selenoneine as well as sodium selenite and selenomethionine reduced oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). Selenoneine concentrations in the white muscle and blood cells were accumulated for 4 weeks by the selenoneine intake, whereas selenoneine concentration was not elevated by the intake of selenomethionine and sodium selenite, suggesting that tissue selenoneine levels might be derived from only selenoneine-containing diet. The uptake factor of selenoneine from the artificial feed containing selenoneine was calculated to be 0.0062 in the white muscle and 4.0 in the blood. The half-life of total selenium in the blood cells and white muscle were estimated to be 60 days in the white muscle and 30 days in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Shimokawa
- National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Kanako Abe
- National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Mami Ohura
- National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Manae Yamamoto
- National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Takuma Tohfuku
- National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Kondo
- National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
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4
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Niu R, Yang Q, Dong Y, Hou Y, Liu G. Selenium metabolism and regulation of immune cells in immune-associated diseases. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3449-3464. [PMID: 35788930 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Selenium, as one of the essential microelements, plays an irreplaceable role in metabolism regulation and cell survival. Selenium metabolism and regulation have great effects on physiological systems especially the immune system. Therefore, selenium is tightly related to various diseases like cancer. Although recent research works have revealed much about selenium metabolism, the ways in which selenium regulates immune cells' functions and immune-associated diseases still remain much unclear. In this review, we will briefly introduce the regulatory role of selenium metabolism in immune cells and immune-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueru Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Tohfuku T, Ando H, Morishita N, Yamashita M, Kondo M. Dietary Intake of Selenoneine Enhances Antioxidant Activity in the Muscles of the Amberjack Seriola dumerili Grown in Aquaculture. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:847-853. [PMID: 34595590 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The selenium (Se)-containing imidazole compound selenoneine (2-selenyl-Nα, Nα, Nα-trimethyl-L-histidine) is a strong scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the blood and tissues of fish. Intravenous injection of selenoneine into yellowtail has been shown to delay changes in meat color and prevent met-myoglobin formation in red muscle. In this study, to determine whether selenoneine can improve stress tolerance and meat quality in fish, we examined the biological antioxidant functions of selenoneine in fish in vivo. Juvenile amberjack (Seriola dumerili) were cultured and fed a diet containing selenoneine for 9 weeks. Total Se and selenoneine concentrations increased in amberjack blood and muscles during the study period. We also measured the oxidative-redox potential (ORP) in fish muscle using an ORP electrode and found that muscle ORP and ROS levels were closely correlated with the Se concentration in blood and muscles. We conclude that dietary administration of selenoneine led to its accumulation in amberjack blood and muscles, resulting in reduced ORP and ROS levels in the muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Tohfuku
- National Fisheries University, Nagatahonmachi-2, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- National Fisheries University, Nagatahonmachi-2, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Naho Morishita
- National Fisheries University, Nagatahonmachi-2, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Michiaki Yamashita
- National Fisheries University, Nagatahonmachi-2, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- National Fisheries University, Nagatahonmachi-2, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
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6
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Selenium stimulates the antitumour immunity: Insights to future research. Eur J Cancer 2021; 155:256-267. [PMID: 34392068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element for regulating immune functions through redox-regulating activity of selenoproteins (e.g. glutathione peroxidase), protecting immune cells from oxidative stress. However, in cancer, selenium has biological bimodal action depending on the concentration. At nutritional low doses, selenium, depending on its form, may act as an antioxidant, protecting against oxidative stress, supporting cell survival and growth, thus, plays a chemo-preventive role; while, at supra-nutritional higher pharmacological doses, selenium acts as pro-oxidant inducing redox signalling and cell death. To date, many studies have been conducted on the benefits of selenium intake in reducing the risk of cancer incidence at the nutritional level, indicating that likely selenium functions as an immunostimulator, i.e. reversing the immunosuppression in tumour microenvironment towards antitumour immunity by activating immune cells (e.g. M1 macrophages and CD8+ T-lymphocytes) and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma; whereas, fewer studies have explored the effects of supra-nutritional or pharmacological doses of selenium in cancer immunity. This review, thus, systematically analyses the current knowledge about how selenium stimulates the immune system against cancer and lay the groundwork for future research. Such knowledge can be promising to design combinatorial therapies with Selenium-based compounds and other modalities like immunotherapy to lower the adverse effects and increase the efficacy of treatments.
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7
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Bartolini D, Tew KD, Marinelli R, Galli F, Wang GY. Nrf2-modulation by seleno-hormetic agents and its potential for radiation protection. Biofactors 2020; 46:239-245. [PMID: 31617634 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The trace element selenium (Se) is an essential component of selenoproteins and plays a critical role in redox signaling via regulating the activity of selenoenzymes such as thioredoxin reductase-1 and glutathione peroxidases. Se compounds and its metabolites possess a wide range of biological functions including anticancer and cytoprotection effects, modulation of hormetic genes and antioxidant enzyme activities. Radiation-induced injury of normal tissues is a significant side effect for cancer patients who receive radiotherapy in the clinic and the development of new and effective radioprotectors is an important goal of research. Others and we have shown that seleno-compounds have the potential to protect ionizing radiation-induced toxicities in various tissues and cells both in in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we discuss the potential utilization of Se compounds with redox-dependent hormetic activity as novel radio-protective agents to alleviate radiation toxicity. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the radioprotection effects of these seleno-hormetic agents are also discussed. These include Nrf2 transcription factor modulation and the consequent upregulation of the adaptive stress response to IR in bone marrow stem cells and hematopoietic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rita Marinelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gavin Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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8
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Dietary Supplementation of Selenoneine-Containing Tuna Dark Muscle Extract Effectively Reduces Pathology of Experimental Colorectal Cancers in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101380. [PMID: 30262787 PMCID: PMC6212930 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoneine is an ergothioneine analog with greater antioxidant activity and is the major form of organic selenium in the blood, muscles, and other tissues of tuna. The aim of this study was to determine whether a selenoneine-rich diet exerts antioxidant activities that can prevent carcinogenesis in two types of colorectal cancer model in mice. We administrated selenoneine-containing tuna dark muscle extract (STDME) to mice for one week and used azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for inducing colorectal carcinogenesis. Next, we examined the incidence of macroscopic polyps and performed functional analysis of immune cells from the spleen. In the AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer (CAC) model, the oral administration of STDME significantly decreased tumor incidence and inhibited the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) while also inhibiting the downregulation of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production during carcinogenesis. These results suggest that dietary STDME may be an effective agent for reducing colorectal tumor progression.
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Abstract
Chronic radiation dermatitis is a late side effect of skin irradiation, which may deteriorate patients’ quality of life. There is a lack of precise data about its incidence; however, several risk factors may predispose to the development of this condition. It includes radiotherapy dose, fractionation, technique, concurrent systemic therapy, comorbidities, and personal and genetic factors. Chronic radiation dermatitis is mostly caused by the imbalance of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. Clinical manifestation includes changes in skin appearance, wounds, ulcerations, necrosis, fibrosis, and secondary cancers. The most severe complication of irradiation is extensive radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF). RIF can manifest in many ways, such as skin induration and retraction, lymphedema or restriction of joint motion. Diagnosis of chronic radiation dermatitis is usually made by clinical examination. In case of unclear clinical manifestation, a biopsy and histopathological examination are recommended to exclude secondary malignancy. The most effective prophylaxis of chronic radiation dermatitis is the use of proper radiation therapy techniques to avoid unnecessary irradiation of healthy skin. Treatment of chronic radiation dermatitis is demanding. The majority of the interventions are based only on clinical practice. Telangiectasia may be treated with pulse dye laser therapy. Chronic postirradiation wounds need special dressings. In case of necrosis or severe ulceration, surgical intervention may be considered. Management of RIF should be complex. Available methods are rehabilitative care, pharmacotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and laser therapy. Future challenges include the assessment of late skin toxicity in modern irradiation techniques. Special attention should be paid on genomics and radiomics that allow scientists and clinicians to select patients who are at risk of the development of chronic radiation dermatitis. Novel treatment methods and clinical trials are strongly needed to provide more efficacious therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Spałek
- Department of Radiotherapy I, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Ma W, Jing L, Valladares A, Mehta SL, Wang Z, Li PA, Bang JJ. Silver nanoparticle exposure induced mitochondrial stress, caspase-3 activation and cell death: amelioration by sodium selenite. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:860-7. [PMID: 26157341 PMCID: PMC4495404 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP), one of the most commonly used engineered nanomaterial for biomedical and industrial applications, has shown a toxic potential to our ecosystems and humans. In this study, murine hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells were used to delineate subcellular responses and mechanisms to AgNP by assessing the response levels of caspase-3, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential in addition to cell viability testing. Selenium, an essential trace element that has been known to carry protecting property from heavy metals, was tested for its ameliorating potential in the cells exposed to AgNP. Results showed that AgNP reduced cell viability. The toxicity was associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, increased accumulation of ROS, elevated mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and caspase-3 activation. Treatment with sodium selenite reduced cell death, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption rate, and prevented accumulation of ROS and activation of caspase-3. It is concluded that AgNP induces mitochondrial stress and treatment with selenite is capable of preventing the adverse effects of AgNP on the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrui Ma
- 1. Department of Comprehensive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China ; 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li Jing
- 2. Department of Pathology, College of Basic Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China ; 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Valladares
- 3. Department of Environmental, Earth and Geospatial Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. ; 5. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - P Andy Li
- 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John J Bang
- 3. Department of Environmental, Earth and Geospatial Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. ; 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Xu F, Yang ZZ, Jiang JR. Synthesis of Some Monoselenolipoic Acid Derivatives and Their Biological Evaluation as Anticancer Agents. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/174751913x13664642709897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
6-Selenolipoic acid was synthesised from ethyl 6, 8-dichlorooctanoate in a one pot reaction with water as solvent, and was further converted in three steps to 14 N-substituted benzylidene-5-(1, 2-thiaselenolan-3-yl) pentanehydr-azides. The compounds exhibited moderate to high anticancer activities, some of them showing activity comparable to that of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Biopharmaceutical Research & Development Centre, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhen Yang
- Biopharmaceutical Research & Development Centre, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Rong Jiang
- Biopharmaceutical Research & Development Centre, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
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13
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Wang H, Chan YL, Li TL, Bauer BA, Hsia S, Wang CH, Huang JS, Wang HM, Yeh KY, Huang TH, Wu GJ, Wu CJ. Reduction of splenic immunosuppressive cells and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity by synergy of fish oil and selenium yeast. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52912. [PMID: 23349693 PMCID: PMC3551929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) abnormally increase in cancer cachectic patients. Suppressions of Tregs and MDSCs may enhance anti-tumor immunity for cancer patients. Fish oil and selenium have been known to have many biological activities such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Whether fish oil and/or selenium have an additional effect on population of immunosuppressive cells in tumor-bearing hosts remained elusive and controversial. To gain insights into their roles on anti-tumor immunity, we studied the fish oil- and/or selenium-mediated tumor suppression and immunity on lung carcinoma, whereof cachexia develops. Advancement of cachexia in a murine lung cancer model manifested with such indicative symptoms as weight loss, chronic inflammation and disturbed immune functionality. The elevation of Tregs and MDSCs in spleens of tumor-bearing mice was positively correlated with tumor burdens. Consumption of either fish oil or selenium had little or no effect on the levels of Tregs and MDSCs. However, consumption of both fish oil and selenium together presented a synergistic effect-The population of Tregs and MDSCs decreased as opposed to increase of anti-tumor immunity when both fish oil and selenium were supplemented simultaneously, whereby losses of body weight and muscle/fat mass were alleviated significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brent A. Bauer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Simon Hsia
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Wang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Seng Huang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Selenium in bone health: roles in antioxidant protection and cell proliferation. Nutrients 2013; 5:97-110. [PMID: 23306191 PMCID: PMC3571640 DOI: 10.3390/nu5010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and several findings suggest that dietary Se intake may be necessary for bone health. Such findings may relate to roles of Se in antioxidant protection, enhanced immune surveillance and modulation of cell proliferation. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which Se supports these cellular processes can lead to a better understanding of the role of this nutrient in normal bone metabolism. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the molecular functions of Se relevant to bone health.
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Yamashita Y, Yabu T, Yamashita M. Discovery of the strong antioxidant selenoneine in tuna and selenium redox metabolism. World J Biol Chem 2010; 1:144-50. [PMID: 21540999 PMCID: PMC3083957 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v1.i5.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel selenium-containing compound, selenoneine, has been isolated as the major form of organic selenium in the blood and tissues of tuna. Selenoneine harbors a selenium atom in the imidazole ring, 2-selenyl-N(α), N(α), N(α)-trimethyl-L-histidine, and is a selenium analog of ergothioneine. This selenium compound has strong antioxidant capacity and binds to heme proteins, such as hemoglobin and myoglobin, to protect them from iron auto-oxidation, and it reacts with radicals and methylmercury (MeHg). The organic cations/carnitine transporter OCTN1 transports selenoneine and MeHg, regulates Se-enhanced antioxidant activity, and decreases MeHg toxicity. Thus, the dietary intake of selenoneine, by consuming fish, might decrease the formation of reactive oxygen radicals that could oxidize nucleotides in DNA, and thereby inhibit carcinogenesis, chronic diseases, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Yamashita
- Yumiko Yamashita, Takeshi Yabu, Michiaki Yamashita, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fukuura, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
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Yamashita Y, Yamashita M. Identification of a novel selenium-containing compound, selenoneine, as the predominant chemical form of organic selenium in the blood of bluefin tuna. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:18134-8. [PMID: 20388714 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c110.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel selenium-containing compound having a selenium atom in the imidazole ring, 2-selenyl-N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine, 3-(2-hydroseleno-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2-(trimethylammonio)propanoate, was identified from the blood and other tissues of the bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis. The selenium-containing compound was purified from the tuna blood in several chromatographic steps. High resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the exact mass of the [M+H](+) ion of the compound was 533.0562 and the molecular formula was C(18)H(29)N(6)O(4)Se(2). Its gross structure was assigned as the oxidized dimeric form of an ergothioneine selenium analog in which the sulfur of ergothioneine is replaced by selenium. Therefore, we named this novel selenium-containing compound "selenoneine." By speciation analysis of organic selenium compounds using liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, selenoneine was found widely distributed in various tissues of the tuna, with the highest concentration in blood; mackerel blood contained similar levels. Selenoneine was measurable at 2-4 orders of magnitude lower concentration in a limited set of tissues from squid, tilapia, pig, and chicken. Quantitatively, selenoneine is the predominant form of organic selenium in tuna tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Yamashita
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fukuura, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
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17
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Selenius M, Rundlöf AK, Olm E, Fernandes AP, Björnstedt M. Selenium and the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase in the prevention, treatment and diagnostics of cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:867-80. [PMID: 19769465 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential element that is specifically incorporated as selenocystein into selenoproteins. It is a potent modulator of eukaryotic cell growth with strictly concentration-dependant effects. Lower concentrations are necessary for cell survival and growth, whereas higher concentrations inhibit growth and induce cell death. It is well established that selenium has cancer preventive effects, and several studies also have shown that it has strong anticancer effects with a selective cytotoxicity on malignant drug-resistant cells while only exerting marginal effects on normal and benign cells. This cancer-specific cytotoxicity is likely explained by high affinity selenium uptake dependent on proteins connected to multidrug resistance. One of the most studied selenoproteins in cancer is thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) that has important functions in neoplastic growth and is an important component of the resistant phenotype. Several reports have shown that TrxR is induced in tumor cells and pre-neoplastic cells, and several commonly used drugs interact with the protein. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of selenium as a potent preventive and tumor selective anticancer drug, and we also discuss the potential of using the expression and modulation of the selenoprotein TrxR in the diagnostics and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Selenius
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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de Souza AP, Sieberg R, Li H, Cahill HR, Zhao D, Araújo-Jorge TC, Tanowitz HB, Jelicks LA. The role of selenium in intestinal motility and morphology in a murine model of Typanosoma cruzi infection. Parasitol Res 2010; 106:1293-8. [PMID: 20195635 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi causes megasyndromes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in humans and animals. In the present study, we employed magnetic resonance imaging to non-invasively monitor the effect of selenium supplementation on alterations in the GI tract of T. cruzi-infected mice. CD1 mice infected with T. cruzi (Brazil strain) exhibited dilatation of the intestines similar to that we recently reported in infected C57Bl/6 mice. The average intestine lumen diameter increased by 65% and the increase was reduced to 29% in mice supplemented with 2 ppm selenium in the drinking water. When supplemented with 3 ppm selenium in chow the lumen diameter was also significantly reduced although the difference between the infected and infected supplemented mice was smaller. Intestinal motility in infected mice fed with selenium-enriched chow was increased compared with infected mice fed with normal unsupplemented chow and was not significantly different from intestinal motility in uninfected mice. We suggest that Se may be used to modulate the inflammatory, immunological, and/or antioxidant responses involved in intestinal disturbances caused by T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Pereira de Souza
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Hoffmann PR, Berry MJ. The influence of selenium on immune responses. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 52:1273-80. [PMID: 18384097 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a potent nutritional antioxidant that carries out biological effects through its incorporation into selenoproteins. Given the crucial roles that selenoproteins play in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox status in nearly all tissues, it is not surprising that dietary Se strongly influences inflammation and immune responses. The notion that Se "boosts" the immune system has been supported by studies involving aging immunity or protection against certain pathogens. However, studies examining the effects of Se status on other types of immunity such as antiparasitic responses or allergic asthma have suggested more Se may not always be beneficial. In this review, we summarize and compare the available data regarding how the levels of Se affect different types of immunity. Overall, determining how Se intake differentially affects various types of immune responses and dissecting the mechanisms by which this occurs will lead to a better utilization of Se-supplementation for human diseases involving the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, HI 96813, USA.
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Wardwell L, Chapman-Novakofski K, Herrel S, Woods J. Nutrient intake and immune function of elderly subjects. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 2008; 108:2005-12. [PMID: 19027403 PMCID: PMC2696230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food intake, aging, and immune function share complex influences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine relationships between nutrient intakes from food and dietary supplements and a biomarker of immune function. DESIGN Data were collected from participants in a cross-sectional study as well as baseline data from a longitudinal study (n=89). Subjects completed 24-hour food recalls, including supplement intake. Polyclonal mitogen phytohemmagluttin (PHA) was the immune function stimulator used. Height and weight were used to calculate body mass index. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Descriptive, bivariate correlation, Spearman's rho for nonparametric data, t tests, and stepwise regression with nutrient intakes as independent variables and T-cell proliferation as dependent variables. RESULTS Significant positive correlations (P< or =0.05) were found between PHA-induced proliferation and intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosahexaenoic acid (EPA), sodium, and selenium, although intakes of DHA plus EPA were inadequate when compared to recommended intakes. A significant negative correlation with total vitamin A, with many vitamin A levels being above the upper limit of safety. Regression analyses found these nutrients to be variables significant in explaining the variance in PHA (P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Selenium, sodium, DHA, EPA, and vitamin A intake from diet and supplements were associated with PHA-induced proliferative responses. Clients may be counseled to have adequate selenium, EPA, DHA intake, and vitamin A, but avoid excess vitamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wardwell
- L. Wardwell is at the Southern Illinois University School of Law, Carbondale; at the time of study, she was a graduate student, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign K. Chapman-Novakofski is a professor, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition and the Division of Nutritional Sciences; S. Herrel is a research specialist, Department of Kinesiology & Community Health; and J. Woods is a professor, Division of Nutritional Sciences and the Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, all at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Karen Chapman-Novakofski
- L. Wardwell is at the Southern Illinois University School of Law, Carbondale; at the time of study, she was a graduate student, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign K. Chapman-Novakofski is a professor, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition and the Division of Nutritional Sciences; S. Herrel is a research specialist, Department of Kinesiology & Community Health; and J. Woods is a professor, Division of Nutritional Sciences and the Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, all at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Susan Herrel
- L. Wardwell is at the Southern Illinois University School of Law, Carbondale; at the time of study, she was a graduate student, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign K. Chapman-Novakofski is a professor, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition and the Division of Nutritional Sciences; S. Herrel is a research specialist, Department of Kinesiology & Community Health; and J. Woods is a professor, Division of Nutritional Sciences and the Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, all at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Jeffrey Woods
- L. Wardwell is at the Southern Illinois University School of Law, Carbondale; at the time of study, she was a graduate student, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign K. Chapman-Novakofski is a professor, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition and the Division of Nutritional Sciences; S. Herrel is a research specialist, Department of Kinesiology & Community Health; and J. Woods is a professor, Division of Nutritional Sciences and the Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, all at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
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Hoffmann PR, Jourdan-Le Saux C, Hoffmann FW, Chang PS, Bollt O, He Q, Tam EK, Berry MJ. A role for dietary selenium and selenoproteins in allergic airway inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:3258-67. [PMID: 17709542 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is driven by allergic airway inflammation and involves increased levels of oxidative stress. This has led to speculation that antioxidants like selenium (Se) may play important roles in preventing or treating asthma. We fed diets containing low (0.08 parts per million), medium (0.25 parts per million), or high (2.7 parts per million) Se to female C57BL/6 mice and used an established OVA challenge protocol to determine the relationship between Se intake and the development of allergic airway inflammation. Results demonstrated that mice fed medium levels of Se had robust responses to OVA challenge in the lung as measured by lung cytokine levels, airway cellular infiltrate, eosinophilia, serum anti-OVA IgE, airway hyperreactivity, goblet cell hyperplasia, and phosphorylated STAT-6 levels in the lung. In contrast, responses to OVA challenge were less robust in mice fed low or high levels of Se. In particular, mice fed low Se chow showed significantly lower responses compared with mice fed medium Se chow for nearly all readouts. We also found that within the medium Se group the expression of lung glutathione peroxidase-1 and liver selenoprotein P were increased in OVA-challenged mice compared with PBS controls. These data suggest that Se intake and allergic airway inflammation are not related in a simple dose-response manner, which may explain the inconsistent results obtained from previous descriptive studies in humans. Also, our results suggest that certain selenoproteins may be induced in response to Ag challenges within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Halo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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22
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Moghadaszadeh B, Beggs AH. Selenoproteins and their impact on human health through diverse physiological pathways. Physiology (Bethesda) 2006; 21:307-15. [PMID: 16990451 PMCID: PMC3372916 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the importance of selenium in human health has been the subject of numerous studies. It is believed that the physiological effects of selenium occur mainly through the function of selenoproteins, which incorporate selenium in the form of one or more selenocysteine residues. Recent advances in understanding the complex regulation of selenoprotein synthesis and functional characterization of several members of the selenoprotein family have contributed to an improved comprehension of the role(s) of selenium in human health and the great diversity of physiological pathways influenced by this trace element.
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Dennert G, Horneber M. Selenium for alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery in cancer patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 2006:CD005037. [PMID: 16856073 PMCID: PMC6464502 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005037.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium supplements are frequently used by cancer patients. Selenium is an essential trace element and is involved in antioxidant protection and redox-regulation in humans. Several adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer patients as well as cellular processes that maintain chronic lymphoedema have been linked to oxidative cell damage in the human body. Selenium has recently been investigated as a remedy against chemotherapy and radiotherapy-associated side effects as well as its effects on lymphoedema. OBJECTIVES This review assessed the effects of supplementary selenium on adverse effects of conventional radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or surgery, in oncologic patients and on quality of life or performance status during and after oncologic treatment. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pain, Palliative & Supportive Care Trials Register, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (The Cochrane Library , Issue 2, 2004), Medline (1966 - Sep 2004), Embase (1980 - 2004 week 12), SIGLE (October 2004), Cancerlit (October 2004), Clinical Contents in Medicine CCMed (October 2004), the German Register of Cancer Studies (October 2004), the NCI Clinical Trials Register (October 2004), the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register ISRCTN (October 2004) and the Meta-Register of Controlled Trials mRCT (October 2004), reference lists and the archive of our working group. We contacted manufacturers of selenium supplements and investigators. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised-controlled trials of selenium mono-supplements in cancer patients undergoing tumour specific therapy such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently checked trials for eligibility, extracted data and assessed trial quality. We sought additional information from investigators when required. MAIN RESULTS Two trials have been included, a randomised controlled trial with 60 participants at the beginning of the study investigating secondary lymphoedema and an ongoing trial with preliminary results of 63 participants investigating radiotherapy induced diarrhoea as a secondary outcome. Both trials had drawbacks with regard to study quality and reporting. The trial on secondary lymphoedema reported a decreased number of recurrent erysipela infections in the selenium supplementation group compared to placebo. However, results must be interpreted with caution and cannot be generalised to other populations. The ongoing trial on radiotherapy associated diarrhoea preliminarily reported a lower incidence of diarrhoea in patients receiving selenium supplementation concomitant to pelvic radiation, however, no data were presented. Publication of final results must be awaited to discuss these findings in detail. No randomised controlled trials were found studying the effect of selenium supplementation on other therapy-associated toxicities or quality of life or performance status in cancer patients. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence at present that selenium supplementation alleviates the side effects of tumour specific chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatments. Or, that it improves the after effects of surgery, or improves quality of life in cancer patients or reduces secondary lymphoedema. To date research findings do not provide a basis for any recommendation in favour or against selenium supplementation in cancer patients. Potential hazards of supplementing a trace mineral should be kept in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dennert
- Arbeitsgruppe Biologische Krebstherapie, Medizinische klinik 5, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, Nuernberg, Germany D-90419.
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24
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Abstract
AbstractHighly sensitive and simple spectrophotometric determination of selenium is described for the determination of selenium(IV) using a new reagent leuco malachite green. The method is based on the reaction of selenium(IV) with potassium iodide in an acidic condition to liberate iodine, the liberated iodine oxidizes leuco malachite green to malachite green dye. The green coloration was developed in an acetate buffer (pH 4.2–4.9) on heating in a water bath (∼ 40 °C). The formed dye exhibits an absorption maximum at 615 nm. The method obeys Beer’s law over a concentration range of 0.04–0.4 µg mL−1 selenium. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of the color system were found to be 1.67 × 105 L mol−1 cm-1 and 0.5 ng cm−2, respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters have been evaluated. The proposed procedure has been successfully applied to the determination of selenium in real samples of water, soil, plant material, human hair, and cosmetic samples. The results were compared to those obtained with the reference method. Statistical analysis of the results confirms the precision and accuracy of the proposed method. In addition, the developed method is cost-effective and involves easily accessible instrumentation technique which can be used by ordinary research laboratories.
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25
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Stewart RJE, Masztalerz A, Jacobs JJL, Den Otter W. Local interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 therapy of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 106:277-84. [PMID: 15963825 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2003] [Revised: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 have been used independently to successfully treat the induced and the spontaneous tumours in animals. This trial was done to determine if a combination of IL-2 and IL-12 in the treatment of spontaneous bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas (BOSCC) would be more successful than IL-2 or IL-12 therapy by themselves. For this trial, we selected 25 BOSCC tumours seen on Holstein Fresian cows in Beatrice, Zimbabwe. The cows were randomly assigned to a treatment group of 5 days of IL-2 (200,000 U/day), 5 days of IL-12 (0.5 microg/day) or 5 days of IL-2 (200,000 U/day) and IL-12 (0.5 microg/day). At 20 months after treatment, the IL-2 therapy group had 63% complete regressions; the combination group had 38% complete regressions, which were significantly higher than the IL-12 group, which had 0% complete regressions at 20 months, despite having 29% complete regressions at 6 months. These results show that IL-2 therapy by itself and in combination with IL-12 is more successful than IL-12 by itself. However, combination therapy does not improve the outcome in comparison to IL-2 as a single therapy. It also proves that IL-2 is consistently successful in the therapy of BOSCC with over 60% complete regression, which corresponds to a number of other studies we have done on IL-2 therapy of BOSCC [Rutten, V.P.M.G., Klein, W.R., De Jong, W.A., Misdorp, W., Den Otter, W., Steerenberg, P.A., De Jong, W.H., Ruitenberg, E.J., 1989. Local interleukin-2 therapy in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. A pilot study. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 30, 165--169; Stewart, R.J.E., Hill, F.W.G., Masztalerz, A., Jacobs, J.J.L., Koten, J.W., Den Otter, W., 2003. Local low dose interleukin-2 therapy of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas in cattle in Zimbabwe, submitted for publication; Den Otter, W., Hill, F.W.G., Klein, W.R., Koten, J.W., Steerenberg, P.A., De Mulder, P.H.M., Rutten, V.P.M.G., Ruitenberg, E.J., 1993. Low doses of interleukin-2 can cure large bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 13, 2453-2455; Den Otter, W., Hill, F.W.G., Klein, W.R., Koten, J.W., Steerenberg, P.A., De Mulder, P.H., Rhode, C., Stewart, R., Faber, J.A., Ruitenberg, E.J., 1995. Therapy of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma with local doses of interleukin-2: 67% complete regressions after 20 months of follow-up. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 41, 10-14].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J E Stewart
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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26
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He SX, Wu B, Chang XM, Li HX, Qiao W. Effects of selenium on peripheral blood mononuclear cell membrane fluidity, interleukin-2 production and interleukin-2 receptor expression in patients with chronic hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:3531-3. [PMID: 15526380 PMCID: PMC4576242 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i23.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of selenium on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) membrane fluidity and immune function in patients with chronic hepatitis.
METHODS: PBMCs were pretreated with selenium (1.156 × 10-7 mol/L) for 6 h in vitro or extracted directly from patients after administration of selenium-yeast continuously for 8-12 wk (200 μg/d), and then exposed to Con-A for 48 h. The membrane fluidity, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression in PBMCs and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in medium and lipid peroxide (LPO) in plasma were determined.
RESULTS: The PBMC membrane fluidity, IL-2 production and IL-2R expression in patients with chronic hepatitis were significantly lower than those in healthy blood donators (particle adhesive degree R, 0.17 ± 0.01 vs 0.14 ± 0.01, P < 0.01; IL-2, 40.26 ± 9.55 vs 72.96 ± 11.36, P < 0.01; IL-2R, 31.05 ± 5.09 vs 60.58 ± 10.56, P < 0.01), and the MDA concentration in medium in patients with chronic hepatitis was significantly higher than that in healthy blood donators (1.44 ± 0.08 vs 0.93 ± 0.08, P < 0.01). Both in vitro and in vivo administration of selenium could reverse the above parameters.
CONCLUSION: Supplement of selenium can suppress lipid peroxidation, and improve PBMC membrane fluidity and immune function in patients with chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Xiang He
- Department of Gastroenterolgy, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a devastating disease with a poor outcome in advanced stages, accounting for approximately 3% of all malignancies, with an estimated 37200 new cases and 11000 deaths annually in the U.S. Second primary tumors are estimated to occur at an annual rate of 3%-10% and are significant threats to long-term survivors. Chemoprevention is an appealing strategy, and its success has been demonstrated in breast cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis. High-dose retinoids have been shown to be active against oral premalignant lesions and in prevention of second primary tumors in the head and neck. New targets include the epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase-2, and other molecular targets. Challenges in future head and neck cancer chemoprevention investigations include achieving long-lasting efficacy with retinoids and/or new agents, and determining the optimal dose and duration of therapy while maintaining acceptable toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Rhee
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Thomson CD. Assessment of requirements for selenium and adequacy of selenium status: a review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58:391-402. [PMID: 14985676 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intent of this review is to evaluate the scientific evidence for the assessment of adequacy of selenium status and of the requirements for selenium. From this evidence, attempts have been made to define levels of plasma selenium and dietary selenium intake, which could be used for the assessment of deficiency or adequacy of selenium status. METHOD The first section briefly reviews the methods for assessment of selenium status. The second section outlines the requirements for selenium based on a number of criteria, and how these have been translated into recommended intakes of selenium. In the final section, levels of plasma selenium and dietary intake based on different criteria of adequacy have been proposed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The minimum requirement for selenium is that which prevents the deficiency disease, Keshan disease. The recommended intakes of selenium have been calculated from the requirement for optimum plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity that must, because of the hierarchy of selenoproteins, also take account of the amounts needed for normal levels of other biologically necessary selenium compounds. Whether optimal health depends upon maximization of GPx or other selenoproteins, however, has yet to be resolved, and the consequences of less-than-maximal GPx activities or mRNA levels need investigation. Intakes, higher than recommended intakes, and plasma selenium concentrations that might be protective for cancer or result in other additional health benefits have been proposed. There is an urgent need for more large-scale trials to assess any such beneficial effects and to provide further data on which to base more reliable estimates for intakes and plasma selenium levels that are protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Thomson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Abstract
The potential of antioxidants to reduce the cellular damage induced by ionizing radiation has been studied in animal models for more than 50 years. The application of antioxidant radioprotectors to various human exposure situations has not been extensive although it is generally accepted that endogenous antioxidants, such as cellular non-protein thiols and antioxidant enzymes, provide some degree of protection. This review focuses on the radioprotective efficacy of naturally occurring antioxidants, specifically antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals, and how they might influence various endpoints of radiation damage. Results from animal experiments indicate that antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E and selenium compounds, are protective against lethality and other radiation effects but to a lesser degree than most synthetic protectors. Some antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals have the advantage of low toxicity although they are generally protective when administered at pharmacological doses. Naturally occurring antioxidants also may provide an extended window of protection against low-dose, low-dose-rate irradiation, including therapeutic potential when administered after irradiation. A number of phytochemicals, including caffeine, genistein, and melatonin, have multiple physiological effects, as well as antioxidant activity, which result in radioprotection in vivo. Many antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals have antimutagenic properties, and their modulation of long-term radiation effects, such as cancer, needs further examination. In addition, further studies are required to determine the potential value of specific antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals during radiotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Weiss
- Office of Health Studies, US Department of Energy, EH-6/270 Corporate Square, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20585-0270, USA.
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