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Meng X, Chen XZ, Sun JY, Zhang Y, Jiang LS, Wang J. Exploring the Oxidative Stress Regulation of Mice with Hyperglycemia by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS4. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:319. [PMID: 36121514 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS4 (L. plantarum SCS4) on oxidative stress in streptozocin-induced hyperglycemic mice. After establishment of the hyperglycemic model, control group mice were gavaged daily with phosphate-buffered saline, while different experimental groups (AG, BG, and CG) mice were gavaged with L. plantarum SCS4 suspension, cellular inclusion suspension, and inactivated inclusion suspension for 10 weeks, respectively. Compared with the model group (MG) group, the results showed that fasting blood glucose levels in BG and CG groups decreased, and postprandial 2-h blood glucose levels in BG groups decreased, whereas glucose tolerance improved. Meanwhile, ROS and MDA levels in serum of AG mice were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the MG group, serum levels of GPx, HO-1, and NQO1 were increased in the BG group, whereas serum levels of CAT, HO-1, and GSH were increased in the CG group. Our results indicate that L. plantarum SCS4 can alleviate oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia, and there may be synergistic effects among the different treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jia-Yi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li-Shi Jiang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Liu W, Qaed E, Zhu HG, Dong MX, Tang Z. Non-energy mechanism of phosphocreatine on the protection of cell survival. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111839. [PMID: 34174505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
If mitochondrial energy availability or oxidative metabolism is altered, patients will suffer from insufficient energy supply Phosphocreatine (PCr) not only acts as an energy carrier, but also acts as an antioxidant and defensive agent to maintain the integrity and stability of the membrane, to maintain ATP homeostasis through regulating mitochondrial respiration. Meanwhile, PCr can enhance calcium balance and reduce morphological pathological changes, ultimately, PCr helps to reduce apoptosis. On the other aspect, the activities of ATP synthase and MitCK play a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular energy metabolic function. It is interesting to note, PCr not only rises the activities of ATP synthase as well as MitCK, but also promotes these two enzymatic reactions. Additionally, PCr can also inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition in a concentration-dependent manner, prevent ROS and CytC from spilling into the cytoplasm, thereby inhibit the release of proapoptotic factors caspase-3 and caspase-9, and eventually, effectively prevent LPS-induced apoptosis of cells. Understandably, PCr prevents the apoptosis caused by abnormal mitochondrial energy metabolism and has a protective role in a non-energy manner. Moreover, recent studies have shown that PCr protects cell survival through PI3K/Akt/eNOS, MAPK pathway, and inhibition of Ang II-induced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, PCr antagonizes oxidative stress through the activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3b intracellular pathway, PI3K/AKT-PGC1α signaling pathway, while through the promotion of SIRT3 expression to maintain normal cell metabolism. Interestingly, PCr results in delaying the time to enter pathological metabolism through the delayed activation of AMPK pathway, which is different from previous studies, now we propose the hypothesis that the "miRNA-JAK2/STAT3 -CypD pathway" may take part in protecting cells from apoptosis, PCr may be further be involved in the dynamic relationship between CypD and STAT3. Furthermore, we believe that PCr and CypD would be the central link to maintain cell survival and maintain cell stability and mitochondrial repair under the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. This review provides the modern progress knowledge and views on the molecular mechanism and molecular targets of PCr in a non-energy way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, South Road of Lushun, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - Eskandar Qaed
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, South Road of Lushun, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - Han Guo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, South Road of Lushun, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - Ma Xiao Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, South Road of Lushun, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - ZeYao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, South Road of Lushun, 116044 Dalian, China.
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Damiano S, Lauritano C, Longobardi C, Andretta E, Elagoz AM, Rapisarda P, Di Iorio M, Florio S, Ciarcia R. Effects of a Red Orange and Lemon Extract in Obese Diabetic Zucker Rats: Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051600. [PMID: 32466228 PMCID: PMC7290772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease, worldwide, and oxidative stress has been recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis and progression of DN. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase has the most important contribution to reactive oxygen species generation during the development of DN. Bioactive compound use has emerged as a potential approach to reduce chronic renal failure. Therefore, a red orange and lemon extract (RLE) rich in anthocyanins was chosen in our study, to reduce the toxic renal effects during the development of DN in Zucker diabetic fatty rat (ZDF). RLE effects were examined daily for 24 weeks, through gavage, in ZDF rats treated with RLE (90 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, ZDF rats treated with RLE showed a reduction of the diabetes-associated up-regulation of both NOX4 and the p47-phox and p22-phox subunits, and restored the BAX/BCL-2 ratio respect to ZDF rats. Furthermore, RLE was able to reduce the oxidative DNA damage measured in urine samples in ZDF rats. This study showed that RLE could prevent the renal damage induced by DN through its capacity to inhibit NOX4 and apoptosis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (E.A.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2536027-092
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (E.A.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Ali Murat Elagoz
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Paolo Rapisarda
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, 95024 Acireale, Italy;
| | | | - Salvatore Florio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (E.A.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (E.A.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
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Jamalat Y, Gamallat Y, Jaceline Gislaine PS, Meyiah A, Shopit A, Li H, Ahmed B, Chu P, Wang H, Li X, Peng J, Ma X, Tang Z. Phosphocreatine attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated hepatocellular apoptosis ameliorates insulin resistance in diabetes model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:611-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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de Oliveira MR, da Costa Ferreira G, Peres A, Bosco SMD. Carnosic Acid Suppresses the H 2O 2-Induced Mitochondria-Related Bioenergetics Disturbances and Redox Impairment in SH-SY5Y Cells: Role for Nrf2. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:968-979. [PMID: 28084591 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic diterpene carnosic acid (CA, C20H28O4) exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cancer effects in mammalian cells. CA activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), among other signaling pathways, and restores cell viability in several in vitro and in vivo experimental models. We have previously reported that CA affords mitochondrial protection against various chemical challenges. However, it was not clear yet whether CA would prevent chemically induced impairment of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) function in mammalian cells. In the present work, we found that a pretreatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with CA at 1 μM for 12 h prevented the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced impairment of the TCA enzymes (aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)) and abolished the inhibition of the complexes I and V and restored the levels of ATP by a mechanism associated with Nrf2. CA also exhibited antioxidant abilities by enhancing the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreasing the content oxidative stress markers (cellular 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), and mitochondrial malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and 3-nitrotyrosine). Silencing of Nrf2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated the protective effects elicited by CA in mitochondria of SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, CA prevented the H2O2-triggered mitochondrial impairment by an Nrf2-dependent mechanism. The specific role of Nrf2 in ameliorating the function of TCA enzymes function needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química/ICET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa , 2367 , Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo da Costa Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa da Pós-Graduação, Centro Universitário Metodista IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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de Oliveira MR, Schuck PF, Bosco SMD. Tanshinone I Induces Mitochondrial Protection through an Nrf2-Dependent Mechanism in Paraquat-TreatedHuman Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4597-4608. [PMID: 27389776 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone I (T-I; 1,6-Dimethylnaphtho[1,2-g][1]benzofuran-10,11-dione; C18H12O3), which may be found in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), is a potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer agent. At least in part, T-I exerts antioxidant activity by activating signaling pathways associated with the maintenance of the redox state in mammalian cells. In this context, the upregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) has received attention regarding the role of this transcription factor in modulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and the metabolism of glutathione (GSH). Even though there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that T-I mediates protection against several pro-oxidant challenges in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models, it remains to be examined whether and how T-I would modulate mitochondrial function during redox disturbances. Therefore, we aimed to reveal whether T-I would exhibit protective effects on mitochondria of SH-SY5Y cells treated with paraquat (PQ), a well-known mitochondrial toxic agent. We found that T-I pretreatment significantly protected mitochondria against PQ-induced redox impairment through an Nrf2-dependent mechanism involving upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and both catalytic and modifier subunits of γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCL). T-I prevented complex I and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) impairments elicited by PQ. Thus, T-I may be viewed as a new mitochondrial protective agent whose complete mechanism of action needs to be investigated, but it seems to involve mitochondriotropic aspects related to the chemistry of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Fernanda Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Simone Morelo Dal Bosco
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Slyvka Y, Malgor R, Inman SR, Ding J, Heh V, Nowak FV. Antioxidant diet and sex interact to regulate NOS isoform expression and glomerular mesangium proliferation in Zucker diabetic rat kidney. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:183-93. [PMID: 26797190 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes substantially to the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Consumption of an antioxidant-fortified (AO) diet from an early age prevents or delays later development of DN in the Zucker rat female with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize this is due to effects on mesangial matrix and renal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) distribution and to sex-specific differences in NOS responses in the diabetic kidney. Total glomerular tuft area (GTA) and PAS-positive tuft area (PTA), endothelial (e), neuronal (n) and inducible (i) NOS were quantified in males and females on AO or regular (REG) diet at 6 and 20 weeks of age. eNOS was observed in glomeruli and tubules. nNOS predominantly localized to tubular epithelium in both cortex and medulla. iNOS was expressed in proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts. Sex, diabetes duration and AO diet affected the distribution of the three isoforms. GTA and PTA increased with duration of hyperglycemia and showed a negative correlation with renal levels of all NOS isoforms. AO diet in both genders was associated with less PAS-positive staining and less mesangial expansion than the REG diet, an early increase in cortical iNOS in males, and sex-specific changes in cortical eNOS at 20 weeks. These effects of AO diet may contribute to sex-specific preservation of renal function in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Slyvka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Ramiro Malgor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Sharon R Inman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Julia Ding
- College of Natural Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78713, USA
| | - Victor Heh
- OUHCOM Office of Research & Grants, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Felicia V Nowak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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Hou Y, Li S, Wu M, Wei J, Ren Y, Du C, Wu H, Han C, Duan H, Shi Y. Mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 attenuates renal injury via an antioxidant effect in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F547-59. [PMID: 26719366 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00574.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney injury. SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we investigated the effect and molecular mechanism of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide SS-31 on injuries in diabetic kidneys and mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) exposed to high-glucose (HG) ambience. CD-1 mice underwent uninephrectomy and streptozotocin treatment prior to receiving daily intraperitoneal injection of SS-31 for 8 wk. The diabetic mice treated with SS-31 had alleviated proteinuria, urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine level, glomerular hypertrophy, and accumulation of renal fibronectin and collagen IV. SS-31 attenuated renal cell apoptosis and expression of Bax and reversed the expression of Bcl-2 in diabetic mice kidneys. Furthermore, SS-31 inhibited expression of transforming-growth factor (TGF)-β1, Nox4, and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), as well as activation of p38 MAPK and CREB and NADPH oxidase activity in diabetic kidneys. In vitro experiments using MMCs revealed that SS-31 inhibited HG-mediated ROS generation, apoptosis, expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cytochrome c (cyt c) release from mitochondria. SS-31 normalized mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm) and ATP alterations, and inhibited the expression of TGF-β1, Nox4, and TXNIP, as well as activation of p38 MAPK and CREB and NADPH oxidase activity in MMCs under HG conditions. SS-31 treatment also could reverse the reduction of thioredoxin (TRX) biologic activity and upregulate expression of thioredoxin 2 (TRX2) in MMCs under HG conditions. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a protective effect of SS-31 against HG-induced renal injury via an antioxidant mechanism in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Hou
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; and
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinying Wei
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhuo Ren
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunyang Du
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haijiang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Caili Han
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
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Conde de la Rosa L, Vrenken TE, Buist-Homan M, Faber KN, Moshage H. Metformin protects primary rat hepatocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00125. [PMID: 26038701 PMCID: PMC4448984 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of chronic liver diseases are accompanied by oxidative stress, which induces apoptosis in hepatocytes and liver injury. Recent studies suggest that oxidative stress and insulin resistance are important in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the pathophysiology of diabetes complications. Metformin has been shown to be hepatoprotective in the insulin-resistant and leptin-deficient ob/ob mouse model of NAFLD. However, the mechanism involved in the protective effects of metformin has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, we investigated the protective effect of metformin against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Primary rat hepatocytes were exposed to the oxidative stress-generating compound menadione in the presence and absence of metformin. Apoptosis was determined by measuring caspase activity and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-cleavage, and necrosis was measured by Sytox Green nuclear staining. We demonstrate that (1) Metformin inhibits menadione-induced caspase-9,-6,-3 activation and PARP-cleavage in a concentration-dependent manner. (2) Metformin increases menadione-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-phosphorylation. (3) Metformin does not induce necrosis in primary hepatocytes. Metformin protects hepatocytes against oxidative stress-induced caspase activation, PARP-cleavage and apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic effect of metformin is in part dependent on HO-1 and bcl-xl induction and inhibition of JNK activation and independent of insulin signaling. Our results elucidate novel protective mechanisms of metformin and indicate that metformin could be investigated as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of oxidative stress-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Conde de la Rosa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Titia E Vrenken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kolling J, Scherer EB, Siebert C, Marques EP, dos Santos TM, Wyse AT. Creatine prevents the imbalance of redox homeostasis caused by homocysteine in skeletal muscle of rats. Gene 2014; 545:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Effects of Atrazine on Reproductive Health of Nondiabetic and Diabetic Male Rats. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:676013. [PMID: 27433493 PMCID: PMC4897337 DOI: 10.1155/2014/676013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of low dose of atrazine on reproductive system of male Wistar rats. 16 rats were divided into four groups of four animals each. Group I (nondiabetic) and group III (diabetic) animals served as controls that received safflower oil (300 μL/kg bw/day), respectively. Group II (nondiabetic) and group IV (diabetic) animals received atrazine (300 μg/kg bw/day). Nonsignificant decrease in the activities of antioxidant and steroidogenic enzymes and sperm parameters suggests that atrazine did not produce any effect on reproductive system of rats. Histological findings also revealed that atrazine at a dose of 300 μg/kg bw did not produce any testicular toxic effects in nondiabetic and diabetic atrazine treated rats. Low dose of atrazine did not show reproductive toxicity in rats. To know the effects of atrazine in diabetic rats further studies have to be carried out with increased concentration of atrazine.
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Preparation, characterization and efficacy evaluation of synthetic biocompatible polymers linking natural antioxidants. Molecules 2012; 17:12734-45. [PMID: 23103536 PMCID: PMC6268521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was the synthesis, characterization and efficacy evaluation of new biocompatible antioxidant polymers linking trans-ferulic acid or α-lipoic acid. In particular, ferulic or lipoic acid were introduced in the preformed polymeric backbone. The new antioxidant biopolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The degree of functionalization (moles of antioxidant per gram of polymer) was determined by the Gaur-Gupta method for free amino group determination and by the Folin method for the phenolic groups. Their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation were estimated in rat liver microsomal membranes induced in vitro by tert-BOOH (tert-butyl hydroperoxide), as a source of free radicals. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging effect was also evaluated. The obtained systems, with different solubility, showed strong antioxidant and antiradical activities, suggesting potential use as packaging materials for foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the synthesized polymers was also evaluated on Caco-2 cell cultures in order to verify their biocompatibility when exposed to an absorptive epithelial cell line.
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Gautier-Stein A, Soty M, Chilloux J, Zitoun C, Rajas F, Mithieux G. Glucotoxicity induces glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic unit expression by acting on the interaction of HIF-1α with CREB-binding protein. Diabetes 2012; 61:2451-60. [PMID: 22787137 PMCID: PMC3447892 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme of endogenous glucose production, is correlated with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by sustained hyperglycemia leading to glucotoxicity. We investigated whether glucotoxicity mechanisms control the expression of the G6Pase catalytic unit (G6pc). We deciphered the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the G6pc promoter by glucotoxicity in a hepatoma cell line then in primary hepatocytes and in the liver of diabetic mice. High glucose exposure induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, in parallel, induced G6pc promoter activity. In hepatocytes, glucose induced G6pc gene expression and glucose release. The decrease of ROS concentrations by antioxidants eliminated all the glucose-inductive effects. The induction of G6pc promoter activity by glucose was eliminated in the presence of small interfering RNA, targeting either the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α or the CREB-binding protein (CBP). Glucose increased the interaction of HIF-1α with CBP and the recruitment of HIF-1 on the G6pc promoter. The same mechanism might occur in hyperglycemic mice. We deciphered a new regulatory mechanism induced by glucotoxicity. This mechanism leading to the induction of HIF-1 transcriptional activity may contribute to the increase of hepatic glucose production during type 2 diabetes.
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Lehner C, Gehwolf R, Tempfer H, Krizbai I, Hennig B, Bauer HC, Bauer H. Oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier dysfunction under particular consideration of matrix metalloproteinases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1305-23. [PMID: 21294658 PMCID: PMC6464004 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A cell's "redox" (oxidation and reduction) state is determined by the sum of all redox processes yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and other reactive intermediates. Low amounts of ROS/RNS are generated by different mechanisms in every cell and are important regulatory mediators in many signaling processes (redox signaling). When the physiological balance between the generation and elimination of ROS/RNS is disrupted, oxidative/nitrosative stress with persistent oxidative damage of the organism occurs. Oxidative stress has been suggested to act as initiator and/or mediator of many human diseases. The cerebral vasculature is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress, which is critical since cerebral endothelial cells play a major role in the creation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This article will only contain a focused introduction on the biochemical background of redox signaling, since this has been reported already in a series of excellent recent reviews. The goal of this work is to increase the understanding of basic mechanisms underlying ROS/RNS-induced BBB disruption, with a focus on the role of matrix metalloproteinases, which, after all, appear to be a key mediator in the initiation and progression of BBB damage elicited by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lehner
- Department of Organismic Biology, Development Biology Group, University Hospital of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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15
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Fernandes R, Hosoya KI, Pereira P. Reactive oxygen species downregulate glucose transport system in retinal endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 300:C927-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00140.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Retinal endothelial cells are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. In previous studies, we and others demonstrated that glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is downregulated in response to hyperglycemia. Increased oxidative stress is likely to be the event whereby hyperglycemia is transduced into endothelial cell damage. However, the effects of sustained oxidative stress on GLUT1 regulation are not clearly established. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of increased oxidative stress on glucose transport and on GLUT1 subcellular distribution in a retinal endothelial cell line and to elucidate the signaling pathways associated with such regulation. Conditionally immortalized rat retinal endothelial cells (TR-iBRB) were incubated with glucose oxidase, which increases the intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels, and GLUT1 regulation was investigated. The data showed that oxidative stress did not alter the total levels of GLUT1 protein, although the levels of mRNA were decreased, and there was a subcellular redistribution of GLUT1, decreasing its content at the plasma membrane. Consistently, the half-life of the protein at the plasma membrane markedly decreased under oxidative stress. The proteasome appears to be involved in GLUT1 regulation in response to oxidative stress, as revealed by an increase in stabilization of the protein present at the plasma membrane and normalization of glucose transport following proteasome inhibition. Indeed, levels of ubiquitinated GLUT1 increase as revealed by immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, data indicate that protein kinase B activation is involved in the stabilization of GLUT1 at the plasma membrane. Thus subcellular redistribution of GLUT1 under conditions of oxidative stress is likely to contribute to the disruption of glucose homeostasis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fernandes
- Center of Opththalmology and Vision Sciences and
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Research in Light and Image, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; and
| | - Ken-ichi Hosoya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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16
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Slyvka Y, Wang Z, Yee J, Inman SR, Nowak FV. Antioxidant diet, gender and age affect renal expression of nitric oxide synthases in obese diabetic rats. Nitric Oxide 2011; 24:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Wiernsperger N, Rapin J. Trace elements in glucometabolic disorders: an update. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:70. [PMID: 21167072 PMCID: PMC3023745 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many trace elements, among which metals, are indispensable for proper functioning of a myriad of biochemical reactions, more particularly as enzyme cofactors. This is particularly true for the vast set of processes involved in regulation of glucose homeostasis, being it in glucose metabolism itself or in hormonal control, especially insulin. The role and importance of trace elements such as chromium, zinc, selenium, lithium and vanadium are much less evident and subjected to chronic debate. This review updates our actual knowledge concerning these five trace elements. A careful survey of the literature shows that while theoretical postulates from some key roles of these elements had led to real hopes for therapy of insulin resistance and diabetes, the limited experience based on available data indicates that beneficial effects and use of most of them are subjected to caution, given the narrow window between safe and unsafe doses. Clear therapeutic benefit in these pathologies is presently doubtful but some data indicate that these metals may have a clinical interest in patients presenting deficiencies in individual metal levels. The same holds true for an association of some trace elements such as chromium or zinc with oral antidiabetics. However, this area is essentially unexplored in adequate clinical trials, which are worth being performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JeanRobert Rapin
- Faculté de Médecine/Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, 3 Bld jeanne d'Arc, F-21000 Dijon (France
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18
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Drobiova H, Thomson M, Al-Qattan K, Peltonen-Shalaby R, Al-Amin Z, Ali M. Garlic increases antioxidant levels in diabetic and hypertensive rats determined by a modified peroxidase method. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2010; 2011:703049. [PMID: 19233877 PMCID: PMC3137236 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage by free radicals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes and hypertension. In the present study, the total antioxidant status in diabetic and hypertensive rats before and after treatment with garlic (Allium sativum) was determined. The total serum antioxidants were measured by a modified method reported earlier by Miller and coworkers. The reproducibility of the assay was confirmed by determining standard curves for the known antioxidants: trolox (a stable analog of vitamin E), glutathione and vitamin C with interassay correlation coefficients (R(2), n = 10 in triplicate) of 0.9984, 0.9768 and 0.987, respectively, confirming the reliability and reproducibility of the assay. This assay was then used to determine total serum antioxidant levels of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats both before and after 3 weeks of treatment with an aqueous extract of garlic (500 mg/kg IP daily). The serum antioxidant levels of rats after 3 weeks of treatment were significantly higher (P < .001) than the pretreatment levels in both diabetic and hypertensive rats. The increased serum antioxidant levels were paralleled by a decrease in serum glucose in the garlic-treated diabetic rats and lowered systolic blood pressure in the garlic-treated hypertensive rats. We conclude from our study that (i) total antioxidants can be measured by a simple, reproducible, reliable assay and (ii) the total antioxidant status can be significantly improved by treatment with garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Drobiova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060-Safat, Kuwait
| | - Martha Thomson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060-Safat, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Al-Qattan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060-Safat, Kuwait
| | - Riitta Peltonen-Shalaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060-Safat, Kuwait
| | - Zainab Al-Amin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060-Safat, Kuwait
| | - Muslim Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060-Safat, Kuwait
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El-Soud NA, Khalil M. Antioxidative Effects of Allium Cepa Essential Oil in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3889/mjms.1857-5773.2010.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Wiernsperger N, Geloen A, Rapin JR. Fructose and cardiometabolic disorders: the controversy will, and must, continue. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65:729-38. [PMID: 20668632 PMCID: PMC2910863 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322010000700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review updates the current knowledge on the question of whether high fructose consumption is harmful or not and details new findings which further pushes this old debate. Due to large differences in its metabolic handling when compared to glucose, fructose was indeed suggested to be beneficial for the diet of diabetic patients. However its growing industrial use as a sweetener, especially in soft drinks, has focused attention on its potential harmfulness, possibly leading to dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome and even diabetes. Many new data have been generated over the last years, confirming the lipogenic effect of fructose as well as risks of vascular dysfunction and hypertension. Fructose exerts various direct effects in the liver, affecting both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells and resulting in non-alcoholic steatotic hepatitis, a well known precursor of the metabolic syndrome. Hepatic metabolic abnormalities underlie indirect peripheral metabolic and vascular disturbances, for which uric acid is possibly the culprit.Nevertheless major caveats exist (species, gender, source of fructose, study protocols) which are detailed in this review and presently prevent any firm conclusion. New studies taking into account these confounding factors should be undertaken in order to ascertain whether or not high fructose diet is harmful.
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Yi NR, Park MJ, Han JS. Protective Effects of Fermented Soymilk Extract on High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2010.15.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Ai M, Otokozawa S, Schaefer EJ, Asztalos BF, Nakajima K, Shrader P, Kathiresan S, Meigs JB, Williams G, Nathan DM. Glycated albumin and direct low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 406:71-4. [PMID: 19465013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), renal failure, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Lowering glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as well as low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) has been associated with a decreased risk of these complications. We evaluated the utility of glycated albumin (GA) and direct LDL-C, 2 novel assay, as compared to HbA1c and calculated LDL-C, in evaluating diabetes control and lipid in a heterogeneous population and in specific subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS We obtained fasting blood samples and measured HbA1c, GA, and direct LDL-C, as well as other parameters, in a multi-ethnic population of 616 male and female patients with type 2 diabetes and 895 non-diabetic controls. RESULTS HbA1c and GA levels, which measure different periods of glycemia, had a correlation of r=0.70 (p<0.001), and mean values in patients were 38.7% and 43.4% higher, respectively, than controls in men, and 41.1% and 40.1% higher, respectively, than controls, in women (both p<0.001). Calculated and direct LDL-C values correlated very highly (r=0.96, p<0.001). The correlations between HbA1c and GA, and between calculated and direct LDL-C were similar for subgroups defined by gender, race, age, and other factors. CONCLUSIONS Calculated LDL-C provides an accurate assessment of fasting LDL-C compared with a direct measurement in most subjects, except for those with hypertriglyceridemia, and GA correlates with HbA1c in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects and may serve as a reasonable marker of short term diabetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Ai
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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23
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Slyvka Y, Inman SR, Malgor R, Jackson EJ, Yee J, Oshogwemoh O, Adame J, Nowak FV. Protective effects of antioxidant-fortified diet on renal function and metabolic profile in obese Zucker rat. Endocrine 2009; 35:89-100. [PMID: 19051067 PMCID: PMC2782430 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications, including nephropathy. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that a diet fortified with antioxidants would be beneficial to delay or prevent the progression of this disease. Male and female Zucker fa/fa rats were fed a control or an antioxidant (AO)-fortified diet starting at 4 weeks of age. Metabolic parameters, renal function, and renal histopathology were analyzed at 6, 13, and 20 weeks of age. Females on the AO diet had significantly lower blood glucose at 6 and 13 weeks, less severe renal pathology at 20 weeks, and higher glomerular filtration rates (GFR) at 20 weeks than age-matched females on the regular diet (P < 0.05). Metabolic parameters including blood glucose, insulin resistance, and serum cholesterol, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), worsened with age in both males and females, as expected. GFR decreased and renal pathology also became more severe with age. Finally, females on the AO diet had higher GFRs and lower MAP at 20 weeks than males on the same diet. This may denote a protective effect of the AO diet in females, but not in males. These findings may have implications for the role of antioxidants as therapy in humans with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Slyvka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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24
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Ozonation of human blood induces a remarkable upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and heat stress protein-70. Mediators Inflamm 2008; 2007:26785. [PMID: 18274635 PMCID: PMC2233812 DOI: 10.1155/2007/26785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-I (HO-1) has emerged as one of the most protective enzymes and its pleiotropic activities have been demonstrated in a variety of human pathologies. Unpublished observations have shown that HO-1 is induced after the infusion of ozonated blood into the respective donors, and many other experimental observations have demonstrated the efficacy of oxidizing agents. It appeared worthwhile to evaluate whether we could better define the activity of potential inducers such as hydrogen peroxide and ozonated human plasma. Human vascular endothelial cells at confluence were challenged with different concentrations of these inducers and the simultaneous production of nitric oxide (NO); and HO-1 was measured by either measuring nitrite, or bilirubin formation, or/and the immune reactivity of the protein by Western blot using a rabbit antihuman HO-1 and Hsp-70. The results show that production of both NO and HO-1 is fairly dose dependent but is particularly elevated using human plasma after transient exposure to a medium ozone concentration. At this concentration, there is also induction of Hsp-70. The results clarify another positive effect achievable by the use of ozone therapy.
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25
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Liu CF, Yu LF, Lin CH, Lin SC. Effect of Auricular Pellet Acupressure on Antioxidative Systems in High-Risk Diabetes Mellitus. J Altern Complement Med 2008; 14:303-7. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2006.6064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Liu
- National Taipei College of Nursing, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lee-Fen Yu
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Hsien Lin
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Song-Chow Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
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26
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Trombino S, Cassano R, Bloise E, Muzzalupo R, Leta S, Puoci F, Picci N. Design and Synthesis of Cellulose Derivatives with Antioxidant Activity. Macromol Biosci 2007; 8:86-95. [PMID: 17787021 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200700110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report the synthesis and characterisation of cellulose ferulate, lipoate and alpha-tocopherulate, and their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation in rat-liver microsomal membranes, induced in vitro by two different sources of free radicals: tert-butyl hydroperoxide and 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane). We also compared the antioxidant efficiency of the ferulate derivatives obtained through two different synthetic runs, and of a tocopherulate derivative prepared from 6-carboxycellulose. This study showed that the designed systems, preserving the antioxidant activity of the free substrates, are more effective in protecting from tert-butyl hydroperoxide than from 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane). Moreover, the cellulose ferulate with the higher degree of substitution acted as the best antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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27
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Dunning BE, Gerich JE. The role of alpha-cell dysregulation in fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev 2007; 28:253-83. [PMID: 17409288 DOI: 10.1210/er.2006-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The hyperglycemic activity of pancreatic extracts was encountered some 80 yr ago during efforts to optimize methods for the purification of insulin. The hyperglycemic substance was named "glucagon," and it was subsequently determined that glucagon is a 29-amino acid peptide synthesized and released from pancreatic alpha-cells. This article begins with a brief overview of the discovery of glucagon and the contributions that somatostatin and a sensitive and selective assay for pancreatic (vs. gut) glucagon made to understanding the physiological and pathophysiological roles of glucagon. Studies utilizing these tools to establish the function of glucagon in normal nutrient homeostasis and to document a relative glucagon excess in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and precursors thereof are then discussed. The evidence that glucagon excess contributes to the development and maintenance of fasting hyperglycemia and that failure to suppress glucagon secretion contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia is then reviewed. Although key human studies are emphasized, salient animal studies highlighting the importance of glucagon in normal and defective glucoregulation are also described. The past eight decades of research in this area have led to development of new therapeutic approaches to treating T2DM that have been shown to, or are expected to, improve glycemic control in patients with T2DM in part by improving alpha-cell function or by blocking glucagon action. Accordingly, this review ends with a discussion of the status and therapeutic potential of glucagon receptor antagonists, alpha-cell selective somatostatin agonists, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors. Our overall conclusions are that there is considerable evidence that relative hyperglucagonemia contributes to fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM, and there are several new and emerging pharmacotherapies that may improve glycemic control in part by ameliorating the hyperglycemic effects of this relative glucagon excess.
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Park MJ, Song YS, Han JS. Protective Effects of the BuOH Fraction from Laminaria japonica Extract on High Glucose-induced Oxidative Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2006.11.2.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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29
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Nelson SK, Bose SK, Grunwald GK, Myhill P, McCord JM. The induction of human superoxide dismutase and catalase in vivo: a fundamentally new approach to antioxidant therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:341-7. [PMID: 16413416 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/28/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A composition consisting of extracts of five widely studied medicinal plants (Protandim) was administered to healthy human subjects ranging in age from 20 to 78 years. Individual ingredients were selected on the basis of published findings of induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and/or catalase in rodents in vivo, combined with evidence of decreasing lipid peroxidation. Each ingredient was present at a dosage sufficiently low to avoid any accompanying unwanted pharmacological effects. Blood was analyzed before supplementation and after 30 and 120 days of supplementation (675 mg/day). Erythrocytes were assayed for SOD and catalase, and plasma was assayed for lipid peroxidation products as thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), as well as uric acid, C-reactive protein, and cholesterol (total, LDL, and HDL). Before supplementation, TBARS showed a strong age-dependent increase. After 30 days of supplementation, TBARS declined by an average of 40% (p = 0.0001) and the age-dependent increase was eliminated. By 120 days, erythrocyte SOD increased by 30% (p < 0.01) and catalase by 54% (p < 0.002). We conclude that modest induction of the catalytic antioxidants SOD and catalase may be a much more effective approach than supplementation with antioxidants (such as vitamins C and E) that can, at best, stoichiometrically scavenge a very small fraction of total oxidant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally K Nelson
- Webb-Waring Institute for Cancer, Aging and Antioxidant Research, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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Bonfigli A, Colafarina S, Falone S, Di Giulio C, Di Ilio C, Amicarelli F. High levels of antioxidant enzymatic defence assure good protection against hypoxic stress in spontaneously diabetic rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 38:2196-208. [PMID: 16904932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent data from literature report that reactive oxygen species (ROS) seem to play a crucial role in the etiology of both types I and II diabetes. This may render diabetic individuals more prone to oxidative injury when challenged with hypoxic stress. It is in fact well known that many diabetic complications cause ischaemic episodes, with a consequent reduction in oxygen supply to various tissues and organs. To check this hypothesis, in this work we tested type I diabetic individuals' antioxidant capability towards a hypoxic-mediated oxidative challenge. In particular, spontaneously diabetic and age-matched non-diabetic biobreeding (BB) Wistar rats were submitted to chronic normobaric hypoxia, and the response of antioxidant enzymes, as well as redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB and p53, were monitored. Results show that diabetic subjects present a dramatic enhancement in the major antioxidant enzymes activities, thus supporting the notion of diabetes-related changes in cellular redox status. This allows diabetic individuals to counteract hypoxia-mediated oxidative challenge better than the non-diabetic counterpart. Also the behaviour of both the redox-sensitive nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB and p53 protein in response to hypoxic stimulation seems to support the hypothesis of a better ROS scavenging efficiency in diabetics under hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, high levels of antioxidant enzymatic defences in diabetic BB rats reflect a positive adaptive response able to assure an efficient protection not only against chronic, diabetes-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, but also versus further oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonfigli
- Dipartimento di Biologia di Base ed Applicata, Università di L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Lunceford N, Gugliucci A. Ilex paraguariensis extracts inhibit AGE formation more efficiently than green tea. Fitoterapia 2005; 76:419-27. [PMID: 15894431 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycation, the nonenzymatic adduct formation between sugar dicarbonyls and proteins, is one key molecular basis of diabetic complications due to hyperglycemia. Given the link between glycation and oxidation, we hypothesized that herbal extracts with a high concentration of antioxidant phenolics might possess significant in vitro antiglycation activities as well. The aim of the present study was to address the hypothesis that polyphenol-rich Ilex paraguariensis (IP) extracts are capable of inhibiting advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation and to compare the potency of these extracts with green tea and with the standard antiglycation agent aminoguanidine. When we studied the effects of IP extract on AGE fluorescence generated on bovine serum albumin (BSA) by glycation with methylglyoxal, a dose-dependent effect that reaches 40% at 20 mul/ml of extract was demonstrated. Green tea did not display any significant effect. IP polyphenols are about 2- to 2.5-fold higher in our preparations compared with green tea. The effect of IP, therefore, may be due not only to the higher concentrations but to the different composition in phenolics of the two botanical preparations as well. To better discriminate between an antioxidant or a carbonyl quenching mechanism of action, we explored tryptophan fluorescence and cross-linking by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis. The conformational changes induced by glycation and substitution of positive charges in arginine and/or lysine produce a decrease in tryptophan fluorescence. We show that incubation of BSA with methylglyoxal produces dramatic changes in tryptophan fluorescence that are prevented by aminoguanidine. This also prevents the downstream effect of AGE formation. Neither green tea nor IP extracts displayed any significant effect which rules out any significant participation as inhibitors in the first phase of the glycation cascade. The results from the SDS-PAGE serve to confirm the above-mentioned data. The effect is therefore due mainly to an inhibition of the second phase of the glycation reactions, namely the free-radical mediated conversion of the Amadori products to AGE. Taken together our results demonstrate a significant, dose-dependent effect of water extracts of I. paraguensis on AGE adducts formation on a protein model in vitro, whereas green tea displays no significant effect. The inhibition of AGE formation was comparable to that obtained by using millimolar concentrations of the standard antiglycation agent aminoguanidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lunceford
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Touro University-California, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA, USA
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Lertvorachon J, Kim JP, Soldatov DV, Boyd J, Roman G, Cho SJ, Popek T, Jung YS, Lau PCK, Konishi Y. 1,12-Substituted tetracyclines as antioxidant agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4627-37. [PMID: 15951186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Novel hydroxypyrazoline derivatives of tetracycline and minocycline have been synthesized through the reaction of these tetracyclines with hydrazine. The formation of a new chiral center at C12 is stereospecific to give 12S-12-hydroxy-1,12-pyrazolinotetracycline. A reaction mechanism for the formation of these novel tetracycline derivatives has been proposed. Hydroxypyrazolinotetracyclines exhibit no binding to Mg2+ and Zn2+, features that are required for antibiotic activity and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitions, respectively. The modification toward their hydroxypyrazolino derivatives significantly improved the antioxidant activities of tetracycline and minocycline, as shown by three commonly used assays (DPPH, ABTS+, and superoxide scavenging). 12S-Hydroxy-1,12-pyrazolinominocycline is a promising tetracycline-based antioxidant devoid of antibiotic properties and MMP inhibitory activity, which could be beneficial in the treatment of complications related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jittiwud Lertvorachon
- National Research Council Canada, Biotechnology Research Institute, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montréal, QC, Canada H4P 2R2
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Detaille D, Guigas B, Chauvin C, Batandier C, Fontaine E, Wiernsperger N, Leverve X. Metformin prevents high-glucose-induced endothelial cell death through a mitochondrial permeability transition-dependent process. Diabetes 2005; 54:2179-87. [PMID: 15983220 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is detrimental for endothelial cells, contributing to the vascular complications of diabetes. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) is an oxidative stress-sensitive channel involved in cell death; therefore, we have examined its potential role in endothelial cells exposed to oxidative stress or high glucose level. Metformin, an antihyperglycemic agent used in type 2 diabetes, was also investigated because it inhibits PTP opening in transformed cell lines. Cyclosporin A (CsA), the reference PTP inhibitor, and a therapeutic dose of metformin (100 micromol/l) led to PTP inhibition in permeabilized human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Furthermore, exposure of intact HMEC-1 or primary endothelial cells from either human umbilical vein or bovine aorta to the oxidizing agent tert-butylhydroperoxide or to 30 mmol/l glucose triggered PTP opening, cytochrome c decompartmentalization, and cell death. CsA or metformin prevented all of these effects. The antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine also prevented hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis. We conclude that 1) elevated glucose concentration leads to an oxidative stress that favors PTP opening and subsequent cell death in several endothelial cell types and 2) metformin prevents this PTP opening-related cell death. We propose that metformin improves diabetes-associated vascular disease both by lowering blood glucose and by its effect on PTP regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Detaille
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale EMI-0221, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France.
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Bilić I, Kovac Z. Macromolecular oxidation in anisotonic suspensions of mouse spleen cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2005; 24:201-7. [PMID: 15672412 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular oxidative alterations have been analysed in vitro in anisotonic suspensions of mouse splenocytes. Both hypertonicity and hypotonicity induced the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and carbonylation of the proteins, which took place along with cell death. Addition of antioxidants partially inhibited oxidative changes in isotonic and hypotonic suspensions. Anisotonic shock of mouse splenocytes proved to be an inducer of oxidative stress. The oxidative macromolecular alterations might contribute to pathogenesis of cell death caused by osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bilić
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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